Volume 1 Issue 9
INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL NEWSPAPER
“You’re going to reach the top with us.” 01 March 2004
International Women’s Day International Women's Day (8 March) is an occasion marked by women's groups around the world. This date is also commemorated at the United Nations and is designated in many countries as a national holiday. When women on all continents, often divided by national boundaries and by ethnic, linguistic, cultural, economic and political differences, come together to celebrate their Day, they can look back to a tradition that represents at least nine decades of struggle for equality, justice, peace and development. International Women's Day is the story of ordinary women as makers of history; it is rooted in the centuries-old struggle of women to participate in society on an equal footing with men. In ancient Greece, Lysistrata initiated a sexual strike against men in order to end war; during the French ZAMAN NEWSPAPER Zaman, Publisher Zulfi Erken, Editor -in-Chief Murat Tutumlu, Editor at Large Oum Vantharith, writer Malik Ates, writer Zaman International School Newspaper dedicated to educating students and training journalists. Published 2 times a month in Zaman International School. Copyright 2003 by the Zaman International School. All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced in print or electronically without the consent of The Zaman International School.
Revolution, Parisian women calling for "liberty, equality, fraternity" marched on Versailles to demand women's suffrage. The idea of an International Women's Day first arose at the
established a Women's Day, international in character, to honour the movement for women's rights and to assist in achieving universal suffrage for women. The proposal was greeted with unanimous
turn of the century, which in the industrialized world was a period of expansion and turbulence, booming population growth and radical ideologies. Following is a brief chronology of the most important events: 1909 In accordance with a declaration by the Socialist Party of America, the first National Woman's Day was observed across the United States on 28 February. Women continued to celebrate it on the last Sunday of that month through 1913. 1910 The Socialist International, meeting in Copenhagen,
approval by the conference of over 100 women from 17 countries, which included the first three women elected to the Finnish parliament. No fixed date was selected for the observance. 1911 As a result of the decision taken at Copenhagen the previous year, International Women's Day was marked for the first time (19 March) in Austria, Denmark, Germany and Switzerland, where more than one million women and m e n a t t e n d e d r a l l i e s. I n addition to the right to vote and to hold public office, they demanded the right to work, to vocational training and to an
end to discrimination on the job. Less than a week later, on 25 March, the tragic Triangle Fire in New York City took the lives of more than 140 working girls, most of them Italian and J e w i s h i m m igrants. This event had a significant impact on labour legislation in the United States, and the w o r k i n g conditions leading up to the disaster were invoked during subsequent observances of International Women's Day. 1913-1914 As part of the p e a c e m o v ement brewing on the eve of World War I, Russian women observed their first International Women's Day on the last Sunday in February 1913. Elsewhere in Europe, on or around 8 March of the following year, women held rallies either to protest the war or to express solidarity with their sisters. 1917 With 2 million Russian soldiers d e a d i n t h e w a r, R u s s i a n women again chose the last Sunday in February to strike for "bread and peace". Political leaders opposed the timing of the strike, but the women went on anyway. The rest is history: Four days later the Czar was forced to abdicate and the Continued page 2
01March 2004
ZAMAN INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL NEWSPAPER
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AND ALSO
MOTHER AND FATHER RIGHTS
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he father and mother are two sacred beings that must be respected above everyone else. If you do not respect your parents, you are disobeying God Almighty. Those who treat their parents badly eventually are treated badly by others. ***
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provisional Government granted women the right to vote. That historic Sunday fell on 23 February on the Julian calendar then in use in Russia, but on 8 March on the Gregorian calendar in use elsewhere. S i n c e t h o s e e a r l y y e a r s, International Women's Day has assumed a new global dimension for women in developed and developing countries alike. The growing international women's movement, which has been strengthened by four global United Nations women's conferences, has helped make the commemoration a rallying point for coordinated efforts to demand women's rights and participation in the political and economic p r o c e s s . I n c r e a s i n g l y, International Women's Day is a time to reflect on progress made, to call for change and to celebrate acts of courage and determination by ordinary women who have played an extraordinary role in the history of women's rights.
The Role of the United Nations Few causes promoted by the United Nations have generated more intense and widespread support than the campaign to promote and protect the equal rights of women. The Charter of the United Nations, signed in San Francisco in 1945, was the first
international agreement to proclaim gender equality as a fundamental human right. Since then, the Organization has helped create a historic legacy of internationally agreed strategies, standards, programmes and goals to advance the status of women worldwide. Over the years, United Nations action for the advancement of women has taken four clear directions: promotion of legal measures; mobilization of public opinion and international action; training and research, including the compilation of gender desegregated statistics; and direct assistance to disadvantaged groups. Today a central organizing principle of the work of the United Nations is that no enduring solution to society's most threatening social, economic and political problems can be found without the full participation, and the full empowerment, of the world's women.
rom the very moment of conception, a growing and developing child is a care and responsibility for its parents. One cannot estimate the depth of attachment and compassion parents feel for their children, or calculate the troubles and hardships they endure because of them. For this reason, respecting parents is a debt of human gratitude as well as a religious obligation.
ous in both worlds. Those who regard their parents' existence as a burden or who become weary of them inevitably suffer the most severe hardship in life. ***
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hildren should respect and obey their parents as much as possible. Parents should give as much importance to their children's moral and spiritual education as they do to their physical growth and health, and should entr ust them to the care of the most honorable teachers and guides. How ignorant and careless are those parents who neglect their children's moral and spiritual training, and how unfortunate are the children who experience such neglect. ***
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hildren who are inconsiderate of their parents' rights and disobey them are "monsters derived from a deteriorated human being." Parents who do not secure their children's moral and spiritual welfare are merciless and cruel. Most br utish and pitiless of all are parents who paralyze their children's moral and spiritual development after they have found their way to human per fection. ***
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hose who value their parents and regard them as a means to obtain God's mercy are the most prosper-
amilies form a s o c i e t y ' s foundation. The reciprocal respect of rights and obligations within a family results in a healthy and strong society. When such familial relationships disappear, the society loses its compassion and respect for others.
01March 2004
ZAMAN INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL NEWSPAPER
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EDUCATION
The Challenge of Being Healthy Principles of Longevity Major factors in determining how long you will live are genetics, circumstances and lifestyle. There is nothing you can do about your genetic makeup, there are some things you can do about chance occurrences, but there are considerable things you can do about your lifestyle to increase your longevity. Genetics The genetic makeup of people determines many things about the person, including the approximate length of life of the person. People that seem to live longer than others usually have a family history of longevity. Often, propensity to certain diseases is often prevalent in some families. Example of family history Others have a family history of early deaths, such as former U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson. After he retired from politics he had an analysis made to predict how long he would live. Johnson's father died at age 64, and the prediction was that LBJ would also pass away at about that age. Although former-President Johnson had excellent medical care, he also died at the age of 64. Still can extend life Although you can't change your genetics, you can be aware of your family history and try to extend your life as long as possible. This is especially true if your family history shows a tendency toward certain diseases than may be prevented by prudent living. Circumstances In some cases, you may not be able to avoid unfortunately circumstances. But there are many situations--such as driving a car while drunk--that can be avoided, thus reducing the chances of an untimely death. Lifestyle Your body is a magnificent machine. If you take care of it, it will last longer. If you abuse it, parts will start to break down prematurely. Good lifestyle
practices can increase the length of your life, as well as the quality of your old age. What you ingest The type of food and other substances you put into your body affect how long your body parts will last, as well as how good they will operate. Eating good foods in moderation is a key to better health and a longer life. The definition of "good foods" is a subject of debate. Perhaps, saying not ingesting bad foods is a way of thinking about this. Putting mild poisons into your body, such as cigarette smoke and alcohol can provide short periods of euphoria, but they can also slowly cause longterm damage to your body. Smoking can result in lung and heart diseases. Alcohol ultimately damages the brain, liver and nerve endings. Many of the modern foods people eat have harmful fats that can cause heart disease or encourage cancer. This is especially true of many of the newer processed fats, like trans-fats. Over-eating to the point of obesity can put a strain on your heart, as well as your joints. Activity The saying goes: "If you don't use it, you lose it." Thus, it is important to be physically active. A person's muscles lose strength over the years, such that a typical person at 70 has the same strength he or she did at age 10. Using the muscles will keep them from atrophy. Mild weight exercises may even be appropriate for some people. Movement helps to keep the joints lubricated and flexible. This is not easy for people who have developed arthritis. Mild movement and stretching is useful unless there is a serious condition that prevents this. Using your heart and lungs will keep them healthy and help to extend your life. All the people in communities where members live the longest in the world must walk several miles
each day up the mountainside. This type of exercise strengthened their hearts, lungs, joints and muscles such that they live much longer that other people--into the range of 110 years. You must also keep your mind active. Reading and stretching your brain muscles keeps them strong and flexible. Mental health and attitudes How you think about your life and aging has much to do with how long you will live. A major reason is that if you are thinking positively about longevity, you will do the things needed to maintain your health. Also, it is acknowledged that a positive attitude subtly affects the way the body and mind functions. If you plan to live long, you have a better chance of attaining your goal. Of course, the goal must be reasonable. Someone who says he plans to live forever is unrealistic and probably will be foolish enough to actually shorten his life. Part of the plan to live at least 100 years is to keep up with longevity research. Choose not to become a marginal person. Stay connected to active living. Love the age you are. Instead, age positively. Cultivate optimism, selfesteem, future vision and a willingness to adapt. Purpose creates passion and meaning. This includes doing meaningful work after retirement. Wake up each day with a deliberate and fulfilling agenda. Keep up with your fields of expertise and seek out new knowledge and skills. Read. Meditate, pray, use yoga, walk, relax, minimize television. Cultivate healthy relationships, stewardship, caring. Live up to your "calling". Be ready to shift gears. In conclusion Genetics, circumstances and lifestyle determine how long you will live. By improving what you eat, keeping active and having a longevity attitude, you can extend your years on Earth.
Challenging Problems English: What is the origin of “news� word? (Find out where did this word come from?) ***
Mathematics Three people check into a hotel. They pay $30 to the manager and go to their room. The manager finds out that the room rate is $25 and gives $5 to the bellboy to return. On the way to the room the bellboy reasons that $5 would be difficult to share among three people so he pockets $2 and gives $1 to each person. Now each person paid $10 and got back $1. So they paid $9 each, totalling $27. The bellboy has $2, totalling $29. Where is the remaining dollar? ***
Science: Start with a half cup of tea and a half cup of coffee. Take one tablespoon of the tea and mix it in with the coffee. Take one tablespoon of this mixture and mix it back in with the tea. Which of the two cups contains more of its original contents? *** Answers of previous issue. English: axe and axis -> axes base and basis -> bases ellipse and ellipsis -> ellipses *** Mathematics:
9567+1085=10652 or 8324 + 0913 = 09237 *** Science: At south pole *** You can give your answers with in 7 days. Rewards goes to; English: No correct answer Science: No correct answer Maths: Var Pheakdey
01March 2004
ZAMAN INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL NEWSPAPER
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SCIENCE
How The Things Work
Question and Answer
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here are the hottest and coldest places on earth?
he coldest inhabited place on earth is the Siberian village of Oymyakon in Russia with a population of 4000. Recently the lowest ever temperature of -72°C was meas u r e d t h e r e . It's hardly surprising that no-one lives at Vostok in Antartica where the record lowest temperature on earth was recorded, a chilling -89°C. The hottest place on earth is in Lybia where a shade temperature of 58°C was recorded at Al Aziziyah in 1922. The greatest range of temper-
atures are in the East of Russia where the temperature can change from -60°C to 37°C. Temperature can sometimes change very quickly. At Brownrig Montana in 1916 the temperature changed from 7°C to -49°C in a single day. In Britain, at Tummel Bridge, Tayside in 1978, the temperature rose from -7°C to 22°C in just a few hours. The record, however goes to Spearfish, South Dakota where, in 1943, the temperature rose from -20°C to +7°C in 2 minutes. These surface temperatures pale in comparison
with the estimated temperature of the Earth's core which is
believed to be around 4000°C.
01March 2004
ZAMAN INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL NEWSPAPER
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CULTURE
Turkish proverbs PROVERB Expressions that have come down from our ancestors, containing a particular element of judgement, employed in prose form, and the authorship of which are uncertain. Examples of Turkish proverbs: - A gold sword opens an iron door. - A horse leaves the ring behind when it dies, but the hero leaves glory. - A whole is better than a half. - Anyone can make a spoon, but not everyone can make the handle. - Chickens do not drink on rainy days. - Children are the fruits of a home. - Children pick up habits from one another. - Do as the imam says, not as he does. - Do not smell the rose out of
gratitude or the thorns will prick you. - Do not speak out of turn. - Feed a crow and it will pluck
- He who is no use to his father is no use to anyone. - He who spends little in days of plenty, will spend much in days
out your eyes. - Flowers make spring lovely. - He who earns little earns a lot, he who earns a lot earns nothing. - He who eats honey eventually gets sick of it. - He who falls from a horse does not die, but he who falls from a donkey does.
of want. - If a fool has a lot of grease he w i l l w i p e i t o n h i s b e a r d. - If the patient survives, he will oppose the doctor. - If you do it, so will your livestock, and that is how we progress. - If you have a thousand horses ride and rest, if one have only one, get off and rest. - If your enemy is an ant, you be an elephant. - Intelligence is the capital of the young man. - It is easy to take, but hard to pay. - M a ke h a y w h i l e t h e s u n shines. - May 6 is the beginning of summer, its storms last for seven days. - May your blood boil in August, but your cooking pot in winter. Mistaking a white dog for a sheep. - More haste, less speed. - No good comes of a woman who rises after her husband. Problems stay with those who hide them. - Some people spoil the vineyard, others the vegetable garden. Some problems are bigger than giants. - The cowardly chicken pre-
tends to be a rooster. - The bride mounted on a camel, see where her destiny lies. - The female bird builds the nest. - The heart does not mind if the eye does not see. - T h e p r o perty of one who weeps is of no use to one who laughs. - The rose that blooms early soon fades. - The sea turned into yoghurt, but there was no spoon to eat it with. - The sword you cut bread with will not cut anything else. - There can be little peace in poverty. - There can be no mountain without mist, and no man free of error. There is darkness at the bottom of the candle. - There is no smoke without fire. - This world is a building with two doors. - Worry fills you up, but pain makes you hungry. - You can find no pomegranates on a willow tree, nor shame in the wicked. - You can tell a hungry man by his cheek, and a thirsty one by his lips. - You don’t get black lips if you don’t kiss an Arab’s hand.paint.
01March 2004
ZAMAN INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL NEWSPAPER
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ENTERTAINMENT
Wealth & Knowledge
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fter applying some simple algebra to some trite phrases and cliches a new understanding can be reached of the secret to wealth and success. Here it goes. Knowledge is Power Time is Money and as every student knows, Power is Work over Time. So, substituting algebraic equations for these time worn bits of wisdom, we get: K = P (1) T = M (2) P = W/T (3) N o w, d o a f e w s i m p l e substitutions: Put W/T in for P in equation (1), which yields: K = W/T (4) Put M in for T into equation (4), which yields: K = W/M (5). Now we've got something. Expanding back into English, we get: Knowledge equals Work over Money. What this MEANS is that: The More You Know, the More
Work You Do, and/or The More You Know, the Less Money You Make. Solving for Money, we get: M = W/K (6) M o n e y e q u a l s Wo r k O v e r Knowledge. From equation (6) we see that Money approaches infinity as Knowledge approaches 0, regardless of the Work done. What THIS MEANS is: The More you Make, the Less you Know. Solving for Work, we get W = M K (7) Work equals Money times Knowledge From equation (7) we see that Work approaches 0 as Knowledge approaches 0. What THIS MEANS is: The stupid rich do little or no work. Working out the socioeconomic implications of this breakthrough is left as an exercise for the reader.
ACCIDENT Dear Sir,
I am writing in response to your request for additional information. In block number 3 of the accident reporting form, I put "trying to do the job alone" as the cause of my accident. You said in your letter that I should explain more fully, and I trust that the following details will be sufficient: I am a bricklayer by trade. On the day of the accident, I was working alone on the roof of a new six story building. When I completed my work, I discovered that I had about 500 pounds of brick left over. Rather than carry the bricks down by hand, I decided to lower them in a barrel by using a pulley, which, fortunately, was attached to the side of the building at the sixth floor. Securing the rope at ground level, I went up to the roof, swung the barrel out and loaded the brick into it. Then I went back to the ground and untied the rope, holding it tight to insure a slow descent of the 500 pounds of bricks. You will note, in block number 11 of the accident reporting form,
that I weigh 135 pounds. Due to my surprise of being jerked off the ground so suddenly, I lost my presence of mind and forgot to let go of the rope. Needless to say, I proceeded at a rather rapid rate up the side of the building. In the vicinity of the third floor, I met the barrel coming down. This explains the fractured skull a n d b r o ke n c o l l a r b o n e. Slowed only slightly, I continued my rapid ascent, not stopping until the fingers of my right hand were two knuckles deep into the pulley. Fortunately, by this time, I had regained my presence of mind and was able to hold tightly to the rope in spite of my pain. At approximately the same time, however, the barrel of bricks hit the ground, and the bottom broke out of the barrel. Devoid of the weight of the bricks, the barrel now weighed approximately fifty pounds. I refer you again to my weight in the accident reporting form, block number 11. As you might imagine, I began a rapid descent down the side of the building. In the vicinity of the third f l o o r, I m e t t h e barrel coming up. This accounted for the two fractured ankles and the lacerations on my legs and lower body. The encounter with the barrel slowed me enough to lessen my injuries when I fell onto the pile of bricks, and fortunately, only three vertebrae were cracked. I am s o r r y t o r e p o r t, however, that as I lay there on the bricks in pain, unable to stand, and watching the empty barrel six stories above me...I again lost my presence of mind...and let go of the rope!
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ZAMAN INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL NEWSPAPER
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ENTERTAINMENT
Planet Earth Word Search
Word List Rock Richtir scale Stratification Minerals Focus Compaction Crust Magma Cementation Element Compact Metamorphic Crystals Humus Luster Fertile Streak Soil Profile Cleavage Top Soil Fracture Leaching Igneous Erosion Weathering Frost wedging Rock Cycle Sedimentation Parent rock Chemical weathering Intrusive Biological weathering Lava Abrasion Extrusive Convection current Sedimentary Subduction Sediment
01March 2004
ZAMAN INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL NEWSPAPER
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SPORT
A Brief History of Golf How the Game Evolved There is general agreement
that the Scots were the earliest of golf addicts but who actually invented the game is open to debate. We know that golf has existed for at least 500 years because James II of Scotland, in an Act of Parliament dated March 6, 1457, had golf and football banned because these sports were interfering too much with archer y practice sorely needed by the loyal defenders of the Scottish realm! It has been suggested that bored shepherds tending flocks of sheep near St. Andrews became adept at hitting rounded stones into rabbits holes with their wooden crooks. And so a legend that persists to this day was born! Various forms of games resembling golf were played as early as the fourteenth centur y by sportsmen in Holland, Belgium and France as well as in Scotland. But it was a keen Scottish Baron, James VI, who brought the game to England when he succeeded to the English throne in 1603. For many years the game was played on rough terrain without proper greens, just crude holes cut into the ground where the surface was reasonably flat! Early Equipment The very earliest club makers were thought to be the skilled craftsmen who produced bows and arrows and other implements of war! The first authentic record of a club
maker was in 1603 when William Mayne w a s appointe d to the court of James I o f England to make golf clubs for the king and h i s coherts! T w o Scottish c l u b makers are recognized from the late 1600s, Andrew Dickson of Leith and Henry Mill of St. Andrews. These clubs featured carved wooden heads of beech, holly, dogwood, pear or apple and spliced into shafts of ash or hazel to give the club more whip. Improvements were made by filling the back of the head with lead and by putting inserts of leather, horn or bone into the club face. In time, skilled blacksmiths of the day took on the challenge of forging iron faced clubs, initially without grooves, to provide more loft for shorter shots. The earliest balls were hand stitched leather, painstakingly stuffed with boiled feathers! In 1618, James I of England commissioned James Melvill and an associate to make feathery
balls for the court. It was an exclusive grant for 21 years with the balls stamped by Melvill and any other ball found in the Kingdom not bearing his trademark were confiscated! You may well be surprised at the distances achieved by these feathery balls. In dry weather, a well struck feather ball could travel 180 yards (165 m) but when wet only about 150 yards (135 m). H o w e v e r, t h e feathery ball remained king until the middle of the 19th centur y. In 1848, a golfing clergyman from St. Andrews, the Re v e r e n d A d a m Paterson, experimented with a substance from India called guttapercha. It had been sent to him as padding covering a gift and he found that the material could be softened with heat and then molded into a hard ball. The gutty as it was known was not an instant success as the smooth ball tended to duck in flight. Players soon found that its performance improved at the end of a round when the ball received some nicks and scratches. Therefore, newly molded balls were scored all over with a saddler's hammer
with such good playing results that the demise of the feathery was certain. The gutta-percha ball lasted for approximately 55 years until succeeded by the Haskell ball in 1903. An American dentist, Dr. Coburn Haskell, ran some experiments by tightly wrapping a liquid filled rubber core with strips of elastic then covering it with a gutta-percha casing. North American golfers
began to take the new ball seriously when Walter Travis, originally from Australia, won the 1901 United States Amateur Championship using the Haskell ball. When Alex Herd won the 1902 British Open Championship again using the Haskell ball, golfers everywhere dropped the gutty and clamoured for the Haskell! Modern balls have a more durable cover of balata or surlyn and various solid core balls with new synthetics have become popular. As well, we have seen the art of club making go from the original wooden clubs, to forged irons, then steel shafts and finally all manner of metal heads with many types of synthetic shafts. Technology has done wonders for the average golfer but practice, dedication and raw talent still remain a factor as witnessed by Greg Norman's amazing 63 at Augusta on April 11, 1996, during the first round of the US Masters Championship.