Vegetables & Fruit May/June 2022 by Vegetables & Fruit

SINCE 1988

MAY • JUNE 2022

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No 207

Edition 207

ISSN 1015-85 37 VEGETABLES & FRUIT | MAY • JUNE 2022

VOORBLAD

NEWS 4

Growing importance of agriculture to job creation

Unique breeding programme for longer shelf-life blueberries

Has organic wine reached its “tippling point”?

R120 million investment in Redsun

Oranges are by far South Africa’s biggest citrus type. It accounts for roughly 60% of all South Africa’s citrus exports.

CITRUS 18

Nuwe lewe in sitrus met dekgewasse en kompos

PPECB gears up for the 2022 citrus season

Fokus op hierdie aspekte vir gesonde sitrus-oes

Citrus export estimates for 2022 predict growth

EDITORIAL Willie Louw (Group editor) Carien Daffue (Editor) 018 293 0622 info@mediakom.co.za PO BOX 20250, Noordbrug, 2522

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Apricots: an untapped fruit on the market

Vrugteverliese groei weens hawe-chaos

Potassium nitrate for use in stone fruit production

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GROENTE & VRUGTE | MEI • JUNIE 2022

Growing importance of agriculture to job creation The employment result for the fourth quarter of 2021, which were announced by Stats SA in its quarterly labour force survey recently, showcase the growing importance of the agricultural sector as an employer in South Africa.

mployment in the sector increased by 38 000 jobs quarter on quarter, from 829 000 jobs in quarter 3 (Q3) to 868 000 in quarter 4 (Q4) of 2021. Year-on-year, employment numbers were up by 57 000 jobs, having stood at 810 000 in Q4 of 2020. Various provinces showed growth in employment numbers for agriculture, but some jobs were shed in the Western Cape (down 19 000 jobs), the Free State (down 6 000 jobs) and Limpopo (down 9 000 jobs). Agri SA noted that employment in skilled agriculture has not recovered to the level of Q4 for 2020. It showed a 20,6% decrease year-on-year. While the quarter-on-quarter results do show a level of recovery (skilled employment stood at 63 000 jobs in Q3 of 2021), there is still much ground to be made up. It remains a concern that this drop in skilled employment represents a brain drain for the sector. Despite the recent results being positive overall, the sector’s growth continues to be stifled by poor infrastructure such as

road, rail and ports, amongst many other challenges like rising input costs. In this difficult climate, the growth in employment in the sector for Q4 of 2021 shows that the sector is still capable of absorbing labour and providing much needed jobs to South Africans. Addressing these constraints on growth would enable the sector to create even more employment opportunities during this difficult period as the economy recovers from the Covid-19 pandemic. Both this potential to absorb labour, including many opportunities for those with low skills and education levels, and the continued trend of poor recovery in skilled employment, numbers in the sector point to the need for further investment in skills training for the agricultural sector. Agri SA stated that they are committed both to creating new opportunities for nation’s low-skilled workers, and to advancing effective skills training and education programmes to allow those currently employed in the sector to move into increasingly more skilled roles.

Unique breeding programme for longer shelf-life blueberries

outh Africa boasts a thriving fruit market with a healthy local demand and enough supply to meet not only local demand but also to export significant volumes to international markets. While many fruits have tapped into local and international demand, the blueberry sector is still seeing significant growth as consumer preferences for it grows. Individual fruit quality will be the biggest factor driving consumer choice, with return purchases most often based on the size, crunch and firmness of each blueberry. A lot of emphasis has been placed on blueberries, backed by research, showing that blueberry consumption has reached 650 000 tonnes annually and is set to double to 1,5 million tonnes within the next five years. Capturing this opportunity, producers of OZblu® blueberries, United Exports, have focused on producing the high quality fruit by growing their very specific OZblu series of varieties. They have implemented a sustainable breeding programme and production, harvesting and post-harvest logistics to protect the fruit along their supply-chain. This allows them to supply fruit near year-round, even months when blueber-

ries are non-seasonal. “Blueberries will always be a competitive market in South Africa and internationally. For any producer to succeed in the blueberry market, focus should be placed on mitigating decay and bruising,” says Roger Horak, executive chairman and founder of United Exports. “We have focused on producing a blueberry that has a longer shelf life, meaning that a retailer can keep them on the shelves for extended periods of time,” says Horak. “In addition, we have invested extensively in research and development (R&D) to guide our yielding process, to ensure our blueberries retain their superior sweetness.” Another factor determining market growth is the seasonality of the fruit. “Our blueberries are grown best in low chill environments and therefore make use of a number of different farming locations around the globe, including South Africa where some of our biggest farms are located. This allows United Exports to produce consistent quality blueberries all year round. The ability to produce identical fruit year-round is important so that we can support retailers with reliable supply and sales consistency through customers returning for high-quality fruit.”

VEGETABLES & FRUIT | MAY • JUNE 2022

Has organic wine reached its “tippling point”? Consumer demand for more naturally produced wines that taste just as good as more familiar products has seen the organic wine sector rising to meet the challenge, both globally and at home.

ertified organic wine came onto the market just a few decades ago, but it has taken a lot of time to gain the respect it deserves from both winemakers, who have not always been prepared to put in the cost and effort to farm differently, and consumers, who were not always sure they were getting a quality product. At first, there was an acknowledged trade-off between ecofriendliness and quality and availability, and conscious consumers and critics alike had few good things to say about the lack of choice. The result was that organic wine somewhat missed the rising tide of interest in all things organic, and winemakers have had to work hard over the past few years to prove that their wines are just as palatable as their sulphite-rich counterparts. But much has come to work in organic wine’s favour – its inherent purity of taste and the charm of its winemaking traditions, combined with a rising environmental imperative. Pesticide-free grapes are considered more distinctive and aficionados cannot resist the lure of artisanal wines with clear terroir. Recent research also favours the flavour of organic wines, indicating that the product may finally be reaching a ‘tippling’ point in the market. The reason people are increasingly turning to organic wine is because, as with organically produced foods, they offer the

unique selling points of being health-focused and more environmentally sustainable “There’s an underlying philosophy to organic wine farming that has to do with sustainability and farming for the future,” advises Tania Kleintjes, who has held the position of organic winemaker at Spier since 2016. “It is an expensive way of farming, with a rigorous accreditation process – but when a winemaker chooses to go this route, consumers know that they are doing so with the environment in mind. As with growing organic strawberries or apples, which come at a premium, it’s the planet that wins.” Up-and-coming young winemakers are also intent on boosting the biodiversity of their vineyards because this approach has been shown to yield real benefits. Importantly, organic wine is not just a trend or a fad. It’s not new; in fact, winemakers such as Ms Kleintjes have spent years creating rich, palatable wines that can meet the most rigorous standards. Levels of compliance have been agreed upon the world over. Look out for the label of certification on a favourite organic tipple, as this means an independent and reputable third party has certified it ‘organic’ by carrying out an annual audit. Spier, of course, achieves its organic certification by complying with these rigorous vineyard and cellar standards.

There’s an underlying philosophy to organic wine farming that has to do with sustainability at Spier.

VEGETABLES & FRUIT | MAY • JUNE 2022

R120 million investment in Redsun An investment to fuel further growth of one of South Africa’s leading raisin processors and more than double its number of jobs

ne Thousand and One Voices (“1K1V”), a private equity fund of which the limited partners are comprised exclusively of industry-leading families, announced that Norfund, the Norwegian investment fund for developing countries, has invested R120 million in raisin processor and distributor Redsun Dried Fruit and Nuts. Redsun, located along the banks of the Orange River, is expanding its operations with two new state-of-the-art facilities, which will help it to grow its market share in the R490 billion healthy snacks market. Redsun is majority-owned by Denver and Stellenboschbased private equity fund One Thousand & One Voices. 1K1V’s portfolio companies, including Redsun, have exported over R960 million worth of products from Africa to over 35 countries. This economic activity has created thousands of jobs. 1K1V invested growth capital in the company in 2015, enabling them to expand its operations and increase its production by over 160%, supported by sourcing product from 270 farmers in Southern Africa annually. Today, they are one of the leading raisin producers in Africa, exporting 95% of its produce to Europe, the Americas and Asia. South Africa has an optimal climate for high-quality natural raisin production due to its hot and dry conditions. According to Hendrik Jordaan, President and CEO of 1K1V, demand for South African raisins has risen after water shortages and rising labour costs in the USA impacted production levels, providing Redsun with a significant opportunity to gain global market share. Norfund’s investment in a company committed to sharing high-quality products with the rest of the world is just one

GROENTE & VRUGTE | MEI • JUNIE 2022

of the ways to increase economic activity and reduce poverty levels in Southern Africa. The growth investment by Norfund will enable Redsun to double its current capacity by building the sole raisin processing facility in Vredendal, the fastest-growing frontier for raisin production in South Africa. Vredendal provides diversification and logistical benefits due to it being based in a different intake region with a unique climate that is close to Cape Town, one of Africa’s main ports. The company is also diversifying its dried fruit and nut offering by building a pecan nut facility adjacent to its Keimoes raisin facility as it entrenches itself in the fastest growing crop along the Orange River. These growth projects are expected to more than double Redsun’s current employees from 163 to 390. Peter Kuilman, CEO of Redsun, says: “Redsun is part of the dynamic, growing dried fruit and nut industry in South Africa. The Norfund investment in Redsun will enable us to expand our capacity in terms of product and volume, to supply our customers around the globe with high quality, healthy raisins and pecans.” André Kemp, investment manager at Norfund says it is a strategic opportunity to be part of Redsun's next growth phase, as it diversifies the business into further dried fruit and nut categories and expands raisin processing capacity in the growing Vredendal region while creating good jobs in rural South Africa. “We are impressed with the impact 1K1V’s involvement has had on the company and region and look forward to exploring additional collaborations with them in the future.”

CITRUS

Nuwe lewe in sitrus met dekgewasse en kompos ‘n Toename van soveel as 300% oor die verloop van ses jaar in koolstof in sandgrond en verbeterde grondsuur deur die oordeelkundige aanplanting van tussenry-dekgewasse in sitrusboorde – dit is die werklikheid wat Martli Slabber, besturende direkteur van Hexrivier Sitrus, en haar span in die Citrusdal-vallei in die Wes-Kaap ondervind. Jan Greyling

Mylpale langs die pad

MEDEWERKER

Slabber boer sedert 1989 met sitrus op hul familieplaas. Hexrivier Sitrus het ‘n geskiedenis van uitsonderlike hoogtepunte. Oupagrootjie Dirk Visser en sy nageslag se rol in Hexrivier Sitrus se ontwikkeling is opvallend. Dekades lank het hy en sy twee naamgenote, Slabber se oupa en pa, groot bydraes tot landbou gemaak. Oupagrootjie Dirk Visser het met pionierswerk die eertydse wingerde ten volle met sitrusboorde vervang. Hy het ‘n waterkanon ontwikkel wat bome tot 30 m ver kon natspuit en haar pa – almal Dirk Vissers – het die mikrospuit-vestiging, die outomatisering van besproeiingstelsels en die uitbreiding van die boerderybesigheid ontwikkel. Vandag bestuur Slabber die familie-onderneming se sitrusplase. Dit bestaan uit sowat 150 ha lemoene, mandaryne en organiese suurlemoene. Pa Dirk Visser se vyf dogters, wat Slabber insluit, is trustees en direkteure van Hexrivier Sitrus, hul bedryfsmaatskappy en die filiaalbesighede. Hexrvier Sitrus se hoofmarkte is Europa, die Midde-Ooste en Amerika. Hulle het sowat vier jaar gelede begin om self hul organiese sitrus uit te voer. Sodoende hou hulle die vinger op die pols met die logistiek van produkte wat selfs nog vinniger op winkelrakke moet wees.

labber het tydens 2022 se Landbouherlewingskonferensie op Stellenbosch gesê dat ’n laboratoriumvergelyking tussen grondontledings van 2015 en 2021, wat op dieselfde diepte van 30 cm in twee verskillende boorde geneem is, dié verbetering bevestig. Sy beskou grond, water en biodiversiteit as ononderhandelbaar. By Hexrivier Sitrus het dekgewasse en minimumbewerking die koolstof-inhoud van grond in party boorde verdubbel en selfs verdriedubbel. Dit lei tot beter waterhouvermoë en katioon-uitruiling. Grondtemperature in die boorde het gemiddeld met tot tot 5 °C verminder omdat winterdekgewasse tydens die wintermaande die koolstof sekwestreer en weer in die somer ‘n deklaag vorm. Die vermoë om vog beter te behou, sterker wortels en minder soute help die sitrusbome om droogte beter te weerstaan. Hexrivier Sitrus verkies om ‘n dekgewasmengsel te gebruik wat die mikrobiese grondlewe deur optimale stikstof- en koolstofvervaardiging bevoordeel. Dit sluit ‘n kombinasie van wintergraan, peulgewasse en inheemse plante in. Die gevolg van herlewingspraktyke in die boorde is ‘n toekomsbelegging. Al die organiese materiaal op die plaas word gekomposteer. Aanvullend hiertoe help hul erdwurmboerdery sóveel met natuurlike bemesting dat geen fosfaat of kalium in die afgelope tien jaar vir die organiese boorde nodig was nie. Volgens Slabber het voëlgetalle en die teenwoordigheid van diere en insekte ook baie toegeneem.

Nuut gedink Die draaipunt het in 2010 gekom toe hulle die plaas se potensiaal hersien het. Dit was veral die produkverspreiding en die ou boorde met kultivars van min verbruikerswaarde wat verander moes word na meer gesogte, moderne kultivars. Die besproeiing is opgegradeer na drupbesproeiing toe en ver-

SITRUS

Luister en leer

Martli Slabber glo daar is ruimte vir spesifieke en beproefde konvensionele en ook vir herlewingspraktyke. Foto: Jan Greyling

beterde dreinering is aangebring. Hulle het óók 6 ha sitrus herplant om plantwydtes reg te stel. Inkomste uit hierdie aanpassings is gebruik om ou boorde te vervang. Destyds se 95% lemoene is omgeskakel na net 40% konvensionele lemoene, 30% mandaryne en 30% organiese sitrus. Al die aanplantings op gehuurde grond is nou ook volkome organies. Tans is die aandag ten volle op herlewingslandbou. Hierin speel dekgewasse, biologiese beheermaatreëls waar moontlik, en omvangryke kompostering die hoofrolle. Met dekgewasse in die boorde en die organiese boorde is daar nie ‘n risiko van gif nie. Sodoende word grond rondom die bome doelmatig te gebruik. ‘n Verskeidenheid kontantgewasse bedek die grond en verbeter grondlewe. Die gewasse sluit murgpampoen, roketslaai, heerbone en patats in. Die boorde word selfs deur hoenders en beeste (ook hoëdruk) bewei. Opbrengs uit die dekgewasse is vir die gebruik van die plaasgemeenskap. Dekgewasse sorg dat lewendige wortels regdeur die jaar in die grond tussen en in die sitrusrye bly. Saad-inenting geskied deur bio-diversiteitskompos. “Ons het geen pes- of plaagbeheermiddels nodig nie en deurlopende monitering van voedingstowwe in die grond laat die boerdery, die boorde en ons volhoubare winsgewendheid blom,” sê Slabber. In aansluiting by die afwesigheid van gif in die organiese boorde was daar in die onlangse jare weinig residu wanneer oestyd aanbreek – dikwels minder as 50% van die minimum vereiste. Hexrivier Sitrus geniet akkreditasie vir die Food Safety Modernisation Act (FSMA) en vir GlobalGAP.

GROENTE & VRUGTE | MEI • JUNIE 2022

Slabber glo vordering sal nie sonder nuwe kennis moontlik wees nie. Bereidwilligheid om te luister en te doen maak verbeterde opbrengste en besparing moontlik. Vir haar is die werk van wyle Frank Honiball baie rigtinggewend. Sy ag ook die omvangryke navorsingswerk van Citrus Research International (CRI) baie hoog. Honiball het in 1975 by die Letaba Landgoed begin werk. Saam met dr Stephan Kamburov, ‘n voorligter van Outspan, het hy ‘n nuwe strategie ontwikkel om rooidopluissiekte se weerstand teen chemiese beheermiddels op Letaba te oorkom. Die gevolg van hul omkeerstrategie was radikaal. Tussen 1974 en 1980 is Letaba se uitgawe vir pesbeheermiddels meer as gehalveer, terwyl produksie met 263% gestyg het, ondanks ‘n afname van 11% in bome wat vrugte kon bydra. Slabber sê rooidopluissiekte het vroeg in die negentigs by hulle in die Citrusdal-vallei organo-fosfaat-weerstandig geword. Hierin was Honiball se werk van groot waarde. Hulle moes biologiese beheer doen om grootskaalse rooidopluisbesmetting baas te raak. Biologies-voordelige insekte is gebruik om die voorkoms van valskodlingmot, mieliekewers en witvlieg (Aleurothrixus floccosus) vas te vat.

Unieke strategie vir elke stelsel Slabber glo daar is ruimte vir spesifieke en beproefde konvensionele en ook vir herlewingspraktyke. Sy sê die bevordering van natuurlewe en die herlewing van grond is vereistes vir herlewingslandbou en vir konvensionele boerdery – sonder grond is daar nie ‘n boerdery nie. Haar ervaring het haar egter geleer dat elkeen van die twee stelsels ‘n unieke strategie vereis. Sy glo produsente moet besef dat hulle op heilige grond staan wat vir voedselproduksie uitgesonder is. Dit is boere se verantwoordelikheid om hierna om te sien en dit is belangrik dat ervare boere hul sesde sintuig sal leer vertrou en die grond se produksiepotensiaal en waterbestuur sal prioritiseer. Sy sê water is skaars en word skaarser. By Hexrivier Sitrus word sowat 25% van die waterbehoefte jaarliks vroeg in die somer deur swaartekragbenutting aangevul. Spoedvariasieeenhede is by al hul pompe aangebring en bykomende boorgate is gesink. Vir Slabber en die Hexrivier Sitrus-span is dit belangriker om op die vermeerdering van inkomste te konsentreer, eerder as op die besparing op uitgawes.

CITRUS

PPECB gears up for the 2022 citrus season The Perishable Products Export Control Board (PPECB) is South Africa’s official export certification agency for the perishable produce industry. The main product type inspected by the PPECB is citrus, with just over 158 million cartons inspected in the 2021 fiscal year, a 11% increase on the previous fiscal year.

his notable increase was despite the challenges experienced by the industry with COVID-19, climatic conditions, additional measures implemented for phytosanitary compliance, logistical challenges and difficult marketing conditions. The increases in inspected citrus volumes were predominantly in soft citrus, lemons and oranges. Favourable weather conditions within the production regions of South Africa resulted in a good citrus blossom and fruit set. However, more importantly, good rains in some parts of the country have given the growers water security after years of drought. Europe continued to be the main export market of citrus, absorbing approximately 37% of the total South African citrus fruit export volumes. Most of the export countries showed good growth in volumes compared to the previous fiscal year. Looking ahead at the 2022 citrus season, they are optimistic about the volumes. PPECB have seen positive growth in a number of markets, such as the Middle East, and expect this trend to continue. They would like to assure their clients that PPECB will do its utmost to support them during the season and ensure it is capacitated to meet client requirements. The PPECB’s mobile inspection platform, TITAN 2.0®, which allows for electronic export certification, continues to streamline the export process. Of the 158 million cartons inspected in the previous fiscal year, 138 million (87%) were processed on the platform, reflecting a 26% increase from the 2020 season.

Citrusdal.

As some of the large volume packhouses only went live on TITAN 2.0 at the end of the citrus season, they believe the future outlook of citrus inspections on the platform will be close to 100%. Encouraged by these positive statistics and the need for more accurate information, the use of TITAN 2.0 for export inspections will be mandatory for the coming 2022 citrus season. The PPECB believes that the growth of this project in recent years has been instrumental in its ability to deliver a better service to its clients. For more information on the PPECB and its services, visit www.ppecb.com .

VEGETABLES & FRUIT | MAY • JUNE 2022

Together we Together we growand and grow sustainyour your sustain business business

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CITRUS

Fokus op hierdie aspekte vir gesonde sitrus-oes Herfs is ’n belangrike periode in die sitrus-produksieseisoen en vir ’n suksesvolle oes kan produsente op verskeie fokuspunte konsentreer. Met behulp van NexusAG se tegniese span en CropLife geakkrediteerde gewasadviseurs, is hierdie fokuspunte makliker herkenbaar en kan met die jongste tegnologie benut word.

ié spanne hou area-spesifieke historiese data en huidige seisoenale tendense dop. Hulle kombineer goeie praktyke van gewasproduksie om kundige advies vir sitrusprodusente te versamel en met produsente te deel. Belangrike fokuspunte wat nog in die komende weke vir produsente tersaaklik is, is dat die nuwe seisoenprogramme en boord-inspeksie om die snoeistrategie vir die winter te bepaal, afgehandel moet word, asook die nagaan en diens van snoeitoerusting. Onlangse swaar reën in sekere dele van Suid-Afrika het die ideale toestande geskep vir hoër vlakke van suurvrot- en bruinvrot-besmettings. Die volgende word deur CRI Snykant, Nr. 317 (Maart 2021), aanbeveel: Die betekenisvolle beheer van albei hierdie besmettings begin in die boord. Dit behels boord-sanitasie, soomsnoei, noukeurige oespraktyke, insekbeheer en bruinvrot-beheer. Alle vrugte wat geval het en/of beskadig is, moet uit die boord verwyder en vernietig word. Deur vrugte wat geval het te verwyder, word die bron van inokulum verlaag. Hierdie boordsanitasie is van kardinale belang. ’n Sanitasiespan moet vóór die oesspan beweeg om alle vrugte te verwyder wat nie na die pakhuis of naby uitvoervrugte mag gaan nie, byvoorbeeld besmette, bedorwe, beseerde en vuil vrugte en vrugte wat op die grond lê. Noukeurige soomsnoei waar laaghangende vrugte voortydig gesnoei word en nie eers in die paklyn verwyder word nie, verminder die risiko tot besmetting. Hierdie laaghangende vrugte of dit wat met modder bedek is, het ’n groter kans tot besmetting van suurvrot en bruinvrot. Indien bome nie gesoomsnoei word nie en baie laaghangende vrugte het, moet hierdie vrugte nie vir uitvoer oorweeg word nie. Noukeurige oespraktyke kan baie verliese voorkom. Bederf tree makliker in as vrugte beskadig word. Oesspanne moet deeglik opgelei word om die noodsaaklikheid van gesonde vrugte wat nie tydens die pluk beskadig word nie, te verstaan. Geen vrugte wat beskadig is of wat op die grond geval het, mag geoes word nie. Boorde met ’n hoë hoeveelheid besmette, beskadigde vrugte of vrugte wat geval het, is ’n hoë risiko. Vrugte uit hierdie boorde moet ook nie uitgevoer word nie. Oormatige vuil vrugte wat onder meer met modder bespat is, moet ook nie in plukkratte geplaas word nie. Lukrake kontrole moet deurentyd uitgevoer word, om seker te maak dat die oesspanne vrugte noukeurig oes.

Pieter Peacock, Tegniese Bestuurder Oos-Kaap, Plantgesondheid en Plantvoeding.

Suurvrot- en bruinvrotpatogene kom in die grond voor, daarom is laaghangende vrugte ’n risiko. In jare van hoë bederf kan vrugtevlieë en asynvlieë wat op besmette/bedorwe vrugte voed, die siekte hoër in die boom versprei. Doeltreffende insekbeheer is dus noodsaaklik. Geregistreerde voor-oeschemikalieë is beskikbaar om bruinvrot te beheer. Sistemiese fosfonaatprodukte en kontakswamdoders, soos koper en mankoseb, kan baie suksesvol vir die bestryding van bruinvrot gebruik kan word. Aanwending van die kontakswamdoders moet herhaal word, as dit binne ’n week ná bespuiting reën. Raadpleeg die NexusAG gewasadviseur vir opsies en die spesifieke produk-etikette vir dosisse en toepassings. Neem ook markvereistes en maksimum residuvlakke (MRL’s) in ag, wanneer produkte gekies word.

Alternaria Bruinvlek en mandaryne Die huidige seisoen word, as gevolg van natter omstandighede, ook gekenmerk deur Alternaria Bruinvlek op sekere vatbare mandaryn-tipes. CRI Snykant Nr.335 (Februarie 2022), gee aanbevelings hieroor: Vir boorde wat deur Alternaria Bruinvlek in die huidige seisoen geaffekteer is, moet bestuurspraktyke op die volgende gerig word: Verminder inokulum deur die besmette vrugte uit die boorde te verwyder en te vernietig of te begrawe. Indien verdere snoei in die huidige seisoen uitgevoer gaan word, moet die snoeiafval uit die boorde verwyder word. Die verwydering van besmette materiaal sal ook die hoeveelheid inokulum wat vir die volgende seisoen beskikbaar is, verminder. Beskerm die onbesmette vrugte. Geregistreerde kontakswamdoders wat vir die res van die seisoen gebruik kan word, kan deur die plaaslike NexusAG gewasadviseur aanbeveel word. Dit sluit koper-hidroksied, koper-oksichloried en mankoseb in, indien markvereistes en voor-oes-intervalle dit toelaat. NexusAG se gewasadviseurs is die produsent se vennoot met volhoubare gewasbestuursprogramme. Hulle vorm deel van ’n omvattende span gewasspesialiste en spesialiste van bedryfsliggame en internasionale en plaaslike verskaffers, wat op die voorpunt van nuwe tegnologiese ontwikkeling bly. Kontak NexusAG by 021 860 8040 of besoek www.nexusag. net.

VEGETABLES & FRUIT | MAY • JUNE 2022

BOER JY VIR ’N BETER TOEKOMS? Kundige advies help dié winter met Alternaria Bruinvlek Natter omstandighede verhoog die voorkoms van Alternaria Bruinvlek op sekere vatbare mandaryn-tipes. Met die korrekte behandeling en kundige advies van ons tegniese span en CropLife geakkrediteerde gewasadviseurs, kan produsente steeds suksesvolle bestuurpraktyke implementeer!

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CITRUS

Citrus export estimates for 2022 predict growth With the 2022 South African citrus export season kicking off, a number of citrus growing regions across the country have provided their predicted export volumes for the season. These estimates reveal that the industry will continue to see steady growth across most citrus varietals, with an estimated 4% growth in exports across these categories.

his is good news for the South Africa economy in light of the local industry sustaining 120 000 jobs and bringing in R30 billion in export revenue last year alone. However, several challenges are facing the sector and continue to threaten the profitability and future sustainability of growers. This include soaring input costs including fuel and fertilizer price hikes and a major increase in freight rates, red tape hampering access to some overseas markets, as well as ongoing operational challenges at the country’s ports. Regions have provided estimates for the following varietals for the upcoming season:

Lemons The current prediction is that 32,3 million (15 kg) cartons will be exported to key markets, which is an increase of 1,3 million cartons when compared to 2021. Young trees beginning to bear fruit in some regions, including the Western Cape, and Senwes in Limpopo will contribute to this growth. However, a cooler summer could result in smaller fruit in some regions, which could impact the final number of cartons packed and shipped.

Navels Current predictions show a 1,5 million increase in (15 kg) cartons of navels that will be shipped during the coming season, with 28,7 million cartons expected to be exported in total. While hailstorms in some areas such as the Eastern Cape Midlands resulted in a decrease in predicted estimates, good rains in other areas such as the Sundays River Valley means this region should enjoy a 9% growth in navel export volumes.

Valencias An estimated 58,2 million (15 kg) cartons of valencias is predicted to be exported in 2022, which will be a 3,2 million increase from the 55 million cartons shipped last season. However, the final number shipped could decrease depending on market conditions towards the end of the season, in particular narrowing market windows which could make it difficult to ship remaining volumes.

Grapefruit An estimated 14,8 million (17 kg) cartons of grapefruit is predicted to be exported during the coming season. However, a number of outside forces could negatively impact this total, including the Russian conflict in Ukraine due to Russia being a

major importer of South African grapefruit. Furthermore, should fuel and shipping costs continue to escalate, PP fruit that is sent for processing and Class 2 grapefruit will not be exported, which will also reduce the final export total. It is clear that, in order for the industry to continue on the upward trajectory it has enjoyed over the past few years, government and stakeholders across the value chain need to work together to improve the operational capacity and efficiency at the country’s ports and to secure, maintain, and retain as many market access opportunities as possible. Key markets that offer major potential for expanded access and require particular attention during the coming season are the United States and India. This is the only way the growers will be able to offset increasing input costs that are squeezing their profit margins and for the industry to remain competitive, particularly considering local production is expected to grow by another 300 000 tons over the next two years.

EU regulations Recently, the European Union’s (EU) standing committee on plant, animal, food and feed (SCOPAFF) discussed new regulations on false coddling moth (FCM), which pose a major threat to Southern African orange exports. If agreed to by member countries, these new regulations will have a devastating impact on orange exports from South Africa to the region. This could lead to large gaps in the supply chain and higher prices for European consumers, at a time when the region faces the real risk of food insecurity due to the ongoing Ukraine-Russian conflict. In South Africa, these new regulations will put the sustainability of the industry at risk and the 140 000, mostly rural, jobs it sustains. The proposed legislation requires exporting African countries to implement a drastic mandatory cold treatment (0 °C to -1 °C for at least 16 days) for oranges headed to the region. This is despite South Africa enforcing a rigorous risk management system, which has been highly effective in protecting European production from the threat of pest or disease, including FCM, over the past few years. Deon Joubert, Special CGA Envoy: Market Access & EU Matters, says that in this regard, when it comes to the 800 000 tonnes of citrus imports to the EU annually, FCM interceptions have been consistently low over the past three years – 19 (2019), 14 (2020) and 15 (2021) interceptions respectively. South Africa

VEGETABLES & FRUIT | MAY • JUNE 2022

SITRUS

has also disputed six of its reported EU interceptions during last year’s season, as the overwhelming expert scientific reviewed evidence indicates the larvae reported was dead, which means it posed no risk. This is in stark contrast to FCM interceptions from other third importing countries, which have been much higher – with 53, 129 and 58 interceptions over the same period. Yet no measures have been proposed against these countries, which makes the new regulations proposed against South Africa even more inexplicable. These proposed new regulations are also disproportionate and unfeasible. When it comes to South African conventional oranges, only a portion of the crop will be able to withstand the new prescribed cold treatment temperatures. Furthermore, new provisions on the regulations which require “data loggers” from containers and a “measured pulp temperature threshold” are totally different to the current EU accepted FCM risk management system. These will require specialised and severely short supplied container equipment which will not be able to accommodate the huge volumes of fruit ex-

ported from South Africa to the EU. “The mandatory cold treatment will also put a stop to all exports of organic and ‘chem-free’ (non-treated) oranges to the EU, including several popular varieties such as blood oranges, Turkey, Salustiana, Benny and Midknights. This is due to these products simply not being able to withstand the suggested cold treatment. Yet, these environmentally friendly and sustainable orange types have never recorded a FCM interception,” says Joubert. He continues by explaining that no consultation took place with the South African National Plant Protection Organisation (NPPO) prior to these new regulations being filed at the World Trade Organisation on 10 February 2022. This is in stark contrast to the EU’s normal operation, where issues or concerns on plant health mitigation would be bilaterally discussed and practical options or procedures to mitigate risk considered and agreed for inclusion. “The fact that this proposed legislation was put forward, despite alternative and equally effective cold treatment options being available and which have already been provided for in the South African FCM Risk Management System, indicates that this it is being driven by a political agenda. It is for these reasons that interest groups, including growers in Southern Africa and importers from a number of EU countries such as the Netherlands, Germany, Belgium and France, lodged objections to the proposed regulations during the recent EU ‘Have your Say’ public participation process. In total, a record 164 submissions were made, with 90% of these objecting the proposed regulations,” says Joubert. The CGA has also been meeting with member countries to highlight the threat these unwarranted regulations pose to the continuity of orange imports from South Africa, the yearround availability for EU consumers and the 140 000 jobs the local industry sustains. “We hope sanity will prevail and these new regulations are rejected.” Late news: The EU’s committee postponed their planned voting on the proposed FCM regulations to consider new information.

FRUIT RETENTION

Cut out fruit-drop

43%

76%

Retention

CONTROL

* Kelpak treatment at 0.2% at white tip stage | + fullbloom | + fruit set | + fruit fall

Retention

KELPAK*

Fruit-drop caused by abiotic stresses like heat, dry conditions or too much water, can mean all the difference to the citrus grower. Kelpak liquid seaweed biostimulant is scientificlly proven to retain up to 36% more fruit on the tree, resulting in a higher profit margin.

STONE FRUIT

Apricots: an untapped fruit on the market Apricots have been eaten since ancient times. The Romans called it Praecocum – the precious one. The tiny stone fruits are packed with protein, fibre and minerals and have been found to be effective in combating heart disease.

espite apricot’s history, the market in South Africa is relatively small. In 2011/12, the local market sales surpassed 3 000 tons. In 2019/20, it was less than 1 000 tons. Compared to, for instance, peaches and nectarines that sold over 35 000 tons on the local market in 2019/20. The availability of fresh apricots in South Africa is limited due to the very short apricot season, which is approximately only four weeks long. “It stretches from mid-November to

mid-December. The outcome is that supermarket programmes can’t be constantly checked,” explains Charl Stander from Freshness First in Franschhoek. Stander says that a lot of cultivars planted in South Africa need cold temperatures, which South Africa does not always have. Thus, production is limited. Though the local market is small, a lot of apricots are exported. Most apricots grown in South Africa are exported to the Middle East (about 40%), the United Kingdom (30%) and Europe (27%). Germany has become a major destination for apricots.

The Bebeco cultivar.

Imperial is one of the most successful cultivars grown in SA.

Kara van der Berg HORTGRO

VEGETABLES & FRUIT | MAY • JUNE 2022

STEENVRUGTE

There is a big opportunity for apricots if only they can be picked later – in January or February.

“Germany has always been a big market for apricots within the EU. If we can meet their market needs, there are good opportunities for our apricots.” Stander was part of a study initiated and funded by Hortgro Stone to develop best practice protocols for picking and handling apricots for the export market. Apricots for the export market are harvested with extended cold storage periods in mind and therefore harvested mature, but not ripe. “Since apricots have to be on the ocean for long periods, the different cultivars have to have the ability to keep for longer. We are talking about a protocol period of 35 to 42 days from harvest to consumption.” It is vital that consumers should consistently have good eat-

Carmingo apricots on Pierre Burger’s Protea Farm in the Koo Valley.

GROENTE & VRUGTE | MEI • JUNIE 2022

ing experiences to ensure repeat purchases. This was not the case, hence the industry initiative to develop a protocol to ensure ready-to-eat apricots are supplied to consumers. The problem South African apricots have in overseas markets is that they are small and don’t have a rosy colour. However, Stander says there is a big opportunity for apricots if only they can be picked later – in January or February. According to Hortgro’s 2020 key deciduous fruit statistics, apricots made up only 4% of the total area planted of all deciduous fruit trees in South Africa. The top four apricot cultivars planted in South Africa are Bulida, Soldonne, Bebeco and Imperial. The vast majority of apricot trees are planted in the Little Karoo. William-James Bussel, whose family has been farming apricots in the Montagu area since 1990, has been having success with the Bulida, Imperial and Bebeco cultivars. “I think our dry Mediterranean climate helps,” he says. Charl Stander agrees that the dry, hot climate with cold winter without rain just before the harvest period is perfect for apricots. “Montagu meets these requirements perfectly.” Bussel says they also have protocols that they implement to ensure the best product is put on the market. “We try to pick as early as possible in the morning and have them packed and forced cooled the same day.” Pierre Burger from Protea Farm in the Koo Valley can also attest to having success with apricots. “Carmingo, a French cultivar, is currently my best-producing product financially speaking. We enter an ‘empty market’ in mid-January and that gives us great marketing scope.” According to Burger, who also produces export apples, pears and plums, apricots is currently his frontrunner product.

STONE FRUIT

Vrugteverliese groei weens hawe-chaos Volgens ‘n onlangse verklaring van Hortgro het die logistieke ketting die Suid-Afrikaanse vrugte-uitvoerbedryf van die 2021/22-seisoen in die steek gelaat. Jan Greyling MEDEWERKER

n die hoop op ‘n tydige verbetering van die uitvoersituasie vir vanjaar se sagtevrugte, kernvrugte en tafeldruiwe by die Kaapstadhawe, duur die stryd teen tyd onverpoosd. Volgens Jacques du Preez, hoofbestuurder: handel en markte van Hortgro, is produsente en die bedryf tans geensins in ‘n beter situasie as in Desember 2021 toe die eerste vrugte geoes en uitvoergereed was nie. “Die tragedie is dat ons vanjaar werklik baie goeie steenvrugte ontvang het. Ons kernvrug-oes is ook uitstekend. Ongelukkig is die uitvoerskedule bykans onherstelbaar omvergewerp deur die wêreldwye verskepings- en logistieke uitdagings wat voortwoed. Ander uitvoerlande ervaar soortgelyke probleme. Daar bly ‘n hardnekkige tekort aan skeepsvraghouers. Die bottelnekke wat oral by uitvoerhawens heers, word tans vererger deur die oorlog in Oekraïne,” sê hy. Vir Suid-Afrika se wêreldklasprodusente bly die grootste enkele risiko die voortslepende probleme in plaaslike hawens en in besonder in Kaapstad.

Finansiële dilemma Hierdie debakel gaan alle sagtevrugteprodusente baie seer maak. Pruimprodusente is tans in ‘n reuse penarie weens groot finansiële agterstande, wat die uitgerekte voorsieningsketting meebring. Dit raak die vrugte se gehalte by aankoms in die buiteland. Boonop sal onaanvaarbare vrugte uiteindelik

op produsente se koste na hulle teruggestuur word. Du Preez sê onaanvaarbare vertragings vloei voort uit skepe wat voor die hawe bly lê of rederye wat besluit om verby Kaapstad te vaar. “Ons vrugte kom wel by uitvoerbestemmings aan, maar met groot vraagtekens oor die gehalte daarvan. Tans dwing hierdie oponthoude uitvoerders om teen astronomiese koste, vrugte per pad na die Oos-Kaap en Durban te vervoer, om eerder skepe dáár te probeer haal.” Du Preez sê die werklikheid is dat hierdie omstandighede minstens vir die volgende 12 tot 24 maande uiters moeilik gaan bly. “Ons glo die verskuiwing van hyskrane van die Coegahawe na Kaapstadhawe en sommige onvoorsiene aanpassings met instandhouding en die herstel van stukkende toerusting sal produktiwiteit vir die 2022/23-seisoen aansienlik verbeter.”

Kommunikasie Volgens Hortgro se verklaring is een van die grootste uitdagings tans die kommunikasie oor “al die kante van hierdie komplekse probleem en die gevolge wat dit op vrugteprodusente het. Ons verstaan hulle frustrasie en die impak hiervan op hulle winsgewendheid, maar alles wat gedoen kan word, word tans gedoen om die situasie te verbeter.” Du Preez sê onmiddellike korttermynskakeling met produsente vind weekliks plaas om hulle op hoogte te hou, om met hulle ooreen te kom en om oor operasionele probleme met rolspelers te gesels. Dit sluit nagskofte en die gebruik van die Belcon-fasiliteit in. “Ons skakel weekliks deur die logistieke komitee, wat

VEGETABLES & FRUIT | MAY • JUNE 2022

STEENVRUGTE

onder die vaandel van Fruit SA geskep is, met Transnet en ander hawe-rolspelers.” Sommige van die uitdagings wat volgens Du Preez baie tyd in beslag neem sluit voorkombare uitdagings en struikelblokke met arbeid en ondoeltreffendheid in Desember in; kragonderbrekings; wind- en misvertragings en die onklaarheid van toerusting.

Agterstand bly

“Ondanks hul beste pogings kon Transnet nie daarin slaag om die agterstand met die vertragings, wat laat verlede jaar begin het, uit te wis nie. Die grootste probleem bly toerusting en die betroubaarheid daarvan. Die verlangde uitsette word eenvoudig nie gehaal nie. Voortgesette wind, mis en skeepsprioritisering het die situasie vererger. Tydens Februarie 2022 het selfs ‘n hittegolf sy tol geëis toe toerusting weens oorverhitting verdere vertragings meegebring het,” sê Du Preez. Intussen is strategiese skakeling met senior Transnet-be-

amptes voortgesit om die bal aan die rol te kry vir die vestiging van ‘n vennootskap tussen die openbare en privaatsektor, om die rolle van die grondeienaar en die hawe-operateur te kan skei. “Ons is vol vertroue dat die aandag wat op die Kaapstadhawe toegespits is sal help om oplossings op ‘n nasionale vlak te kry, wat ook ander hoofhawens van die land sal insluit.” Du Preez sê Hortgro het, saam met die Suid-Afrikaanse Tafeldruifinstituut (SATI) en die Varsprodukte Uitvoerderforum (FPEF) ‘n konsultant gekontrakteer om as ‘n enkele toegangspunt tot die Kaapstadhawe te funksioneer, ten einde die aantal individue en rolspelers wat telkens geraadpleeg word en ongekoördineerd optree, te vervang. Hierdie stap sal bydra tot die strategiese vestiging van die beoogde openbare-privaatvennootskap, spesifiek vir die Kaapstadhawe. Volgens Du Preez is dit noodsaaklik dat alle gebruikers van die hawe kragte saamsnoer en as ‘n eenheid optree wanneer die uitdagings wat alle hawegebruikers, produkte en invoer raak, ter sprake kom. Hy sê toerusting, diensverskaffers en onderhoud gaan oor die kort na medium termyn die fokus wees. “Aandag word indringend gegee aan wetgewing wat die verhouding, verantwoordelikhede en aanpreeklikheid tussen die grondeienaar en die hawe-operateur reël. Die wetlike raamwerk en die wetgewing wat op die hawens van toepassing is, asook wetlike aanspreeklikheid vir gehalte-eise, moet uitgeklaar word,” sê hy.

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STONE FRUIT

Potassium nitrate for use in stone fruit production Adequate potassium is essential for optimal photosynthesis and plant functioning, in horticultural crops.

lthough potassium does not play a structural role in plants, it does however activate at least 60 enzymes, regulates a plants water balance and the functioning of stomata, plays a role in energy production, is involved in the transportation of sugars through the phloem, the translocation of nutrients upwards in the xylem and in many steps in protein synthesis. There can be no general fertilizer recommendations or applications for stone fruit varieties for all conditions. Published recommendation guidelines are there as a guideline only and are calculated on the plant and crop removal figures. These general guidelines are modified to on-farm specific conditions using regular leaf and soil samples. This will optimise yield, fruit quality and fruit size in a cost-effective manner. Potassium requirements for stone fruit will depend on the yield and the cation exchange capacity of the soil. Potassium requirements will vary between 0 – 140 kg K / ha at bloom and perhaps half that again post-harvest. Leaf levels (monitored annually), according to the norms for the stone fruit type, will assist in the correction of the macro-element levels. It is important to note that stone fruit are very sensitive to salt stress and high chloride conditions.

For soil applications, by supplying K as potassium nitrate, both the N and the K are utilised in full by the crop. If the K is supplied in full by potassium sulphate or potassium chloride, the excess sulphur (up to eight times the plant’s requirement) and all the chloride (except for trace amounts) respectively may create soil salinity issues. In addition, the negative nitrate counter ion of potassium nitrate facilitates the uptake of all the positively charged cations of potassium, calcium and magnesium, optimising plant dry matter production (yield and quality). Foliar potassium nitrate applications*** (two to four applications pre-harvest and one to two post-harvest) are often considered remedial and can be beneficial in stone fruit under the following conditions:

• If physical soil conditions are unfavourable for root growth or nutrient uptake such as unfavourable structure (compaction or lack of aeration) and water stress. • Under conditions of high root disease pressure affecting nutrient uptake. • Where chemical imbalances exist (excess competing nutrients) for example high Ca and Mg levels with relatively low K levels. • In unfavourable pH conditions where element uptake is restricted. • At known phenological stages with high potassium demand. • When annual foliar analyses show low potassium levels. • When nutrient demand to developing organs (for example rapid fruit growth) is more than nutrient uptake and supply by the roots. • Factors affecting transpiration can affect potassium uptake by the roots and transportation in the xylem. • Possible inadequate soil nutrient applications and unpredictable soil nutrient deficiencies resulting in a decision to apply “insurance” foliar applications. Make the right choice to ensure optimum return on your investment by using Ultrasol K Plus*. ***Reg No K5020 Act 36/1947. Registration holder Sociedad Quimica y Minera (Africa)(Pty)Ltd ***All claims in this article can be substantiated with references which can be made available on request. ***Please consult your agronomist for correct foliar application rates and procedures. Disclaimer The information herein contained is given to the best of SQM’s knowledge and is believed to be accurate. The conditions of your use and application of the suggested recommendations, are beyond our control. No warranty is made as to the accuracy of any data or statements contained herein. SQM specifically disclaims any responsibility or liability relating to the use of the recommendations and shall under no circumstances whatsoever, be liable for any special, incidental or consequential damages arising from such use.

VEGETABLES & FRUIT | MAY • JUNE 2022

ROOT VEGETABLES

Beet production field.

F1 hybrid beet makes it all better South Africa has a significant fresh market for beet where both bulbs and tops are consumed. The fresh market, therefore, concentrates on bunching types with quality round red roots as well as the pre-packed market where the tops have been removed.

t is therefore important that varieties can produce quality roots and tops. Over the past decade, our markets have also shifted from open pollinated to hybrid beet varieties with better quality and taste. Sakata’s F1 hybrid beet varieties focus on the production of quality, attractive beet that is adaptable to field conditions in all areas of the country, with good taste.

Kestrel A medium maturing red beetroot hybrid, suitable for warm and cool season production. Kestrel produces high quality, smooth, uniform, globe-shaped roots which are complemented with a small, refined taproot and deep red external and internal root colour. Kestrel’s hybrid vigour leads to early, uniform plant establishment and its ability to produce a round shape with a small

The Merlin beet.

crown, small leaf attachment and fine taproot at an early stage make it an excellent candidate for baby beet production. It is suitable for the bunched, fresh and pre-pack markets, and in addition, roots can be stored (controlled environment) for extended periods of time when harvested at full maturity. Kestrel has intermediate resistance against Cercospora leaf spot (Cercospora beticola), Downy mildew (Peronospora farinosa f.sp. betae) and Powdery mildew (Erysiphe polygoni) – the latter ensures erect and healthy foliage throughout the growing season.

Merlin An early to medium maturing hybrid red beetroot, adapted for summer production. Merlin has smooth, uniform, deep red, globe-shaped roots with a small crown and refined taproot. It offers higher sugar content (12 - 15%) in comparison to standard beet varieties. Due to its high sugar content, Merlin is a perfect choice for processors, fresh market growers and home gardeners. In addition, it is also suitable for baby leaf and baby beet production. Merlin is less prone to zoning during warm conditions/heat stress. It has intermediate resistance to Cercospora leaf spot (Cercospora beticola) and Downy mildew (Peronospora farinosa f.sp. betae). The latter ensures that the tops remain erect and healthy for optimum production and visual appeal in bunching.

Red Ace An early to medium maturing hybrid red beetroot, suitable for all year-round production. Red Ace’s wide adaptability and ex-

VEGETABLES & FRUIT | MAY • JUNE 2022

WORTELGROENTE

Touchstonegold beet.

The Red Ace beet.

cellent yield potential have made it an industry leader. It is renowned for its smooth, uniform, deep red, globe-shaped roots, high yields and consistent performance. The latter characteristics are why this variety is preferred by multiple food processors. It is also suitable for the bunched, baby leaf, baby beetroot and pre-pack market as well as for home gardeners. Red Ace has intermediate resistance to Cercospora leaf spot (Cercospora beticola).

Chioggia Guardsmark A speciality garden beet that offers a vivid purple and white interior zoning, along with a mild sweet flavour. This beet is appealing to the fresh market, specialty growers and home gardeners. The roots have a flattened globe shape, a mediumsized crown and a medium-sized tap root.

Touchstone Gold An early to medium maturing yellow speciality beetroot. Touchstone Gold has vibrant yellow to golden, smooth, globe-shaped

roots with small crowns and taproots. The roots have very little to no internal zoning. It can be roasted or cooked and due to its sweet and delicious taste, it is ideal to consume raw in fresh salads or as a garnish. The yellow pigment does not stain and the root retains its beautiful yellow colour when cooked. Touchstone Gold has a strong, erect, light green foliage with light yellow petioles that has a sweet taste which could also be used in salads. Touchstone Gold has intermediate resistance to Cercospora leaf spot (Cercospora beticola). Please visit the Sakata website at www.sakata.co.za for more information on Sakata’s beet varieties or to view the whole product range. DISCLAIMER: This information is based on our observations and/or information from other sources. As crop performance depends on the interaction between the genetic potential of the seed, its physiological characteristics, and the environment, including management, we give no warranty express or implied, for the performance of crops relative to the information given nor do we accept any liability for any loss, direct or consequential, that may arise from whatsoever cause. Please read the Sakata Seed Southern Africa (Pty) Ltd Conditions of Sale before ordering seed.

ROOT VEGETABLES

Roes hoef jou nooit weer onkant te vang nie “V oorkoming is beter as genesing.” Hierdie ou spreekwoord is steeds relevant, veral in die lig van siektes op aartappels, en verduidelik die klem wat op voorkomende siektebeheer gelê word. Voorkoming is nie sommer verkoopspraatjies nie: laboratoriumproewe met produkte van suksinaat-dehidrogenase-inhibeerder (SDHI) het swak beheer van vroeë roes op aartappels getoon, selfs wanneer toediening net twee dae na inokulasie – en voordat enige simptome sigbaar was – plaasgevind het. Voorkomende beheer van vroeë roes op aartappels is uiters belangrik vir doeltreffende beheer. Uit historiese moniteringsdata van Lambertsbaai is dit duidelik dat die risiko vir vroeë roes in die huidige seisoen hoër is as in die vorge twee seisoene. In die Warden-distrik was die risiko vir vroeë roes die hoogste tydens die 2018/19-seisoen.

Druk van stygende insetkoste

Onder huidige omstandighede kan produsente nie onnodige toedienings van kunsmis, plaagdoders of ander insetmiddele bekostig nie en moet die beste moontlike opbrengs op insetbeleggings verkry word.

Roes op aartappelblare.

Dit laat die vraag: hoe kan produsente terselfdertyd onnodige insetkoste vermy en siektes voorkomend beheer? Syngenta het onlangs ‘n diens bekendgestel wat aartappelprodusente waarsku wanneer toestande gunstig is vir die ontwikkeling van die twee belangrikste siektes, naamlik vroeë en laatroes. Hierdie diens kombineer data van weervoorspellings en siekterisikomodelle om waarskuwings te ontwikkel vir spesifieke weerstasies of die streke rondom ‘n weerstasie. Produsente kan vir die diens registreer en kies tydens watter maande hulle waarskuwings wil ontvang vir elk van die weerstasies wat hulle aandui. Dit het geen sin in om gewaarsku te word as daar nie ‘n oes op die lande is nie. Waarskuwings word Maandae en Donderdae uitgestuur met ‘n risikovoorspelling vir die volgende vyf dae. Wanneer geen risiko vir die volgende vyf dae verwag word nie, kry produsente nie ‘n waarskuwing nie. Waarskuwings word per WhatsApp of epos gestuur en sluit ook ander inligting, soos spuittoestande, in. Kontak die Syngenta-verspreider of verkoopsbestuurder vir enige navrae, of stuur ‘n epos aan andre.labuschagne@ syngenta.com .

sing voor in die koor

3 redes om CHORUS® te kies: Laat CHORUS® die kitaar slaan: van Alternaria tot Venturia beheer CHORUS® siektes in ’n wye reeks gewasse insluitende Uie, Neutbome, Kern en Steenvrugte Groen is in die kollig: Met sy groen band etiket verseker CHORUS® gemoedsrus vir jou geïntegreerde plaagbestuur Om te meet is om te weet: Met eMAT kan die residuprofiel van CHORUS® en ander produkte in die spuitprogram teen oestyd voorspel word CHORUS®. Laat gewas-siektes jou stem hoor. AANGEDREWE DEUR ELEKTRONIESE MARKTOEGANGSHULPMIDDEL

LEES DIE PRODUKETIKET VIR VOLLEDIGE BESONDERHEDE: CHORUS® bevat siprodinil (analienpirimidien) (Reg. nr. L5383, Wet 36 van 1947 N-AR 1432 (Namibië)) VERSIGTIG. CHORUS®, die verwantskapraam, die doelwit-ikoon en die woord Syngenta is handelsmerke van ’n Syngenta groepmaatskappy. Syngenta Suid-Afrika (Edms) Beperk, Privaatsak X60, Halfway House, 1685. Tel. (011) 541 4000. www.syngenta.co.za © Syngenta Ag, 2000. Kopiereg van hierdie dokument is voorbehou. Alle onregmatige kopiëring word verbied.

@SyngentaSA | www.syngenta.co.za

Using modern technology to simplify and enhance the fruit exportation process First Technology is bridging the gap between one of the oldest industries in the world and the endless wonders of modern and emerging technology. Through infrastructure transformation and a seamless digital ecosystem of traditional and cloud-based offerings, our holistic range of industry-leading solutions offers tremendous flexibility and can be scaled to address the needs of both SMMEs and Large Enterprises.

Evolve your business and become a global competitor. From warehouse modernisation and streamlining the exportation process, to automating governance and compliance procedures, our solutions will liberate your workforce from menial responsibilities, significantly cut down operational costs and provide your business with the ability to quickly adapt to market demands and needs. Get in touch with Marizelle Saayman at marizelles@firsttechnology.co.za or call us directly on 021 525 7000.

www.firsttech.co.za /company/first-technology

Blog

www.firsttechwc.co.za/blog

Orvego® – die innoverende swamdoder met Initium® • Hoogs effektiewe beheer van laatroes in ʼn IPB*-program. • Uitstekende reënvastheid verseker langdurige beskerming vir jou aartappels, selfs tydens vogtige toestande. • Gunstige toksikologiese en eko-toksikologiese profiel.

Orvego® – verseker uitstekende gewaskwaliteit en opbrengs. * Geïntegreerde Plaagbestuur

Voldoen aan die verbruiker se behoeftes

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A32297/A

BASF Suid-Afrika (Edms) Bpk • Sestiendestraat 852, Midrand, 1685 • Posbus 2801, Halfweghuis, 1685 • Tel: +27 11 203 2400 Faks: +27 11 203 2461 • Webwerf: www.agro.basf.co.za • Mobiele webwerf: m.agro.basf.co.za Orvego Reg. Nr. L9185 Wet Nr. 36 van 1947. Aktiewe bestanddele: Initium® 300 g/ℓ. Dimethomorph 225 g/ℓ. Versigtig. Verwys asb. na die produketiket vir gebruiksaanwysings. Orvego® is ’n geregistreerde handelsmerk van BASF. ®

Bereik volle potensiaal met BASF se oplossings vir aartappels en tamaties BASF is toegewy aan boerdery deur innoverende en tegnologies-gevorderde oplossings aan die mark te voorsien. Een van die mees onlangse innoverende oplossings wat BASF bekendgestel het, sluit Orvego®, die swamdoder met Initium® in, wat aan die verbruiker se behoeftes voldoen en ook hoogs effektiewe beheer van laatroes in ’n weerstandbestuurprogram vir aartappels lewer.

BASF Gewasbeskerming het ’n globale benadering wat alle insette en terugvoer van boere, landbou- en plaagbestuurkundiges in ag neem. Met die bydrae en samewerking van alle partye, is BASF in staat om ’n aktiewe navorsings- en ontwikkelingspyplyn, ’n innoverende portefeulje van produkte en dienste, asook spanne en kenners in beide laboratoriums en in die veld, in stand te hou. Sodoende streef BASF daarna om te verseker dat kliënte se ondernemings suksesvol is. BASF beskik oor ’n produkreeks wat verskeie uitdagings in aartappel- en tamatieverbouing aanspreek, onder andere produkte vir effektiewe insekbeheer en ’n innoverende swamdoderreeks vir siektebeheer in aartappels en tamaties. Hunter® 24 SC: As produsent kan jy nie bekostig dat aartappelmotlarwes jou aartappels en rooispinmyte jou tamaties beskadig nie. Daarom het jy ’n voorkomende blaarinsekdoder soos Hunter® 24 SC nodig. Hunter® 24 SC beheer aartappelmotlarwes en rooispinmyte hoogs-effektief deur inname. Geen kruisweerstand teenoor ander insekdoders is bekend nie, wat die produk ideaal maak vir gebruik in ’n insekweerstandbestuurprogram. Hunter® 24 SC toon ook buitengewone nawerking in die beheer van aartappelmotlarwes en rooispinmyte vir gemoedsrus. Die uitstekende reënvastheid een uur na toediening verseker vinnige opname in die blaar met translaminêre beweging sodat aartappelmotlarwes en rooispinmyte wat nie direk aan die bepuiting blootgestel is nie ook beheer word. Fastac® SC is nog ’n betroubare oplossing vir die beheer van aartappelmot en klein-kommandowurm op aartappels en Afrika bolwurm op tamaties. Die kragtige formulasie word nie deur sonlig of temperatuur benadeel nie. Fastac® SC is bekend vir ’n hoë uitklopaksie wat vinnige beskerming teen vreetskade bied. Fastac® SC is ook mengbaar met ander behandelings vir gerief en koste besparing.

grondtoediening maak Bellis® die ideale keuse in ’n vroeë roes spuitprogram. Die uitstekende formulasie van Bellis® het ook geen addisionele bymiddels nodig nie. Indien Bellis® teen die hoër dosis reeds by knolinisiasie van aartappels toegedien word mag ’n beduidende opbrengsverhoging ondervind word. Orvego® kombineer die innoverende swamdoder Initium®, wat aan ’n nuwe klas chemie behoort met dimethomorph, nog ’n beproefde swamdoder van BASF vir uitstekende laatroes beheer. Die unieke formulasie is gerieflik om te gebruik deur vinnig in water te meng en bly in suspensie sonder om uit te sak. Hierdie eienskappe bring mee dat die produk vinnig aan die die waslagie op die blare heg sodat buitengewone reënvastheid bewerkstellig word. Die aktiewes word geleidelik vrygestel en tydens vogtige toestande (soos dou) vergroot die beskermde area om sodoende effektiewe voorkomende beheer van laatroes op aartapples te verseker. Acrobat® WG, word vinnig in die plant opgeneem om reënvastheid te verseker. Dit is onmiddelik beskikbaar in die plant vir voorkomende beskerming tydens toestande wat gunstig is vir laatroes- ontwikkeling en as siektedruk toeneem op aartappels en tamaties. Die translaminêre sowel as lokaal sistemiese eienskappe van dimethomorph in die formulasie verseker volledige beskerming van die blare, binne sowel as buite. Die sistemiese sowel as kontak werking sorg vir matige genesende aksie en uitstekende voorkomende beskerming teen laatroes. Die aktiewes in Acrobat® WG beperk verskeie stadiums van die swam se ontwikkeling en werk spoorvorming teë wat gevolglik siektedruk verlaag en die risiko van herinfeksie verlaag. Met ’n kort onthoudingsperiode van 3 dae vir aartappels en 5 dae vir tamaties kan Acrobat® WG tot laat in die groeiseisoen gebruik word om laatroes suksesvol te beheer. Dié gevestigde staatmaker pas uitstekend in ‘n voorkomende laatroesbeheerprogram op beide aartappels en tamaties in. Kry gemoedsrus met beproefde betroubare produkte van BASF wat opbrengs en kwaliteit van aartappels en tamaties bevorder. Bellis® Reg. Nr L7817 Wet No. 36 van 1947. Aktiewe bestanddele: F500® 128 g/kg. Boscalid 252 g/kg Versigtig. F500® - Pyraclostrobin. Hunter® 24 SC Reg. Nr L8307 Wet 36 van 1947. Aktiewe bestanddeel: Chlorfenapyr 240 g/ℓ. Skadelik. Fastac® SC Reg. Nr L4992 Wet 36 van 1947. Aktiewe bestanddeel: Alpha-cypermethrin 100 g/ℓ. Skadelik. Orvego® Reg. Nr L9185 Wet 36 of 1947. Aktiewe bestanddele: Initium® 300 g/ℓ. Dimethomorph 225 g/ℓ. Versigtig. Initium® - Ametoctradin. Acrobat® WG Reg. Nr L6526 Wet 36 van 1947. Aktiewe bestanddele: Dimethomorph 90 g/kg. Mancozeb 600 g/kg. Versigtig. Lees asseblief produketikette vir volledige gebruiksaanwysings. Acrobat® WG, Bellis®, F500®, Fastac® SC, Hunter® 24 SC, Initium® en Orvego® is geregistreerde handelsmerke van BASF.

Bellis® se kenmerkende dubbele wyse van werking met vinnige opname en verspreiding in die blare, bied effektiewe beskerming teen vroeë roes wat die opbrengs en kwaliteit van aartappels en tamaties verseker. Die kombinasie van boscalid en F500® dra by tot betroubare siektebeheer en pas uitstekend in ’n weerstandbestuurprogram. Vinnige opname en translaminêre vervoer van die aktiewes in die blare verseker volledige beskerming van die blare wat opbrengs en kwaliteit van aartappels en tamaties bevorder. Gerieflike lug- en A32297/B

GENERAL

Goeie boere van 25 jaar gelede was waarskynlik kunstenaars met groen vingers, terwyl vandag se beste boere wetenskaplikes met analitiese vermoëns is wat die interaksie tussen grondgesondheid, boomgesondheid, vrugte, klimaat en die natuur verstaan.

Bedryfsleiers gesels oor 30 jaar in die vrugtebedryf Bekendes in die vrugtebedryf gesels oor verandering – wat leer die afgelope dertig jaar ons oor die toekoms? Anna Mouton HORTGRO

“E

k kan onthou in my eerste jaar by Fruitways, in 1997, was ek by ’n oes-af-funksie gewees. Daai jaar was dit die eerste keer wat Graymead 35 000 kratte appels gepluk het. Nou pluk ons die laaste paar jaar meer as 70 000 kratte appels op dieselfde plaas,” vertel Hein Keulder, uitvoerende hoof van die Fruitways Groep. “In ’n periode van 20 tot 25 jaar het ons produksie verdubbel – basies in een geslag van bome.” Keulder skryf hierdie vooruitgang aan stapsgewyse verbetering toe. Hy reken dat goeie boere 25 jaar gelede waarskynlik kunstenaars met groen vingers was, terwyl vandag se beste boere wetenskaplikes met analitiese vermoëns is wat die interaksie tussen grondgesondheid, boomgesondheid, vrugte, klimaat en die natuur verstaan. “As ek die res van ons besigheid beskou – verpakking en bemarking – sien ek presies dieselfde,” sê Keulder. “Verbeteringe in tegnologie, mensvaardighede, stelsels en bestuur maak dat dít wat ons vandag doen en dit wat ons 25 jaar gelede gedoen het, wêrelde van mekaar verwyder is. Daar is

by my geen twyfel dat ons as ’n bedryf daarsonder dood sou gewees het nie.” Volgens Keulder is na-oes-vrugtegnologie tans een van die mees gesogte vaardighede in die bedryf. “Waar jy in die verlede ’n fabriek bedryf het met min insig en invloed verder af in die ketting, moet jy nou verstaan wat jy met hierdie vrug, wat op hierdie datum, onder hierdie omstandighede gepluk is, oor die volgende twaalf maande kan doen om die kliënt te dien.” Na-oes-wetenskap gaan in die toekoms sonder twyfel belangriker word. Keulder sien markkragte as die sterkste dryfkrag van verandering gedurende die afgelope 20 tot 30 jaar, en glo dit sal in die toekoms voortduur. “Fruitways verkoop vrugte in meer as 70 lande oor vier kontinente – ons produk kom binne bereik van die helfte van die planeet se mense. Markkragte gaan die grootste uitwerking op ons hê omdat ons met die wêreld verbind is.” Marktoegang en markpenetrasie is noodsaaklik vir die sukses van ’n bedryf, en Keulder sou graag beter belyning tussen die Suid-Afrikaanse regering en kommersiële bedrywe tot voordeel van die Suid-Afrikaanse ekonomie en samelewing wou sien.

VEGETABLES & FRUIT | MAY • JUNE 2022

ALGEMEEN

Benewens markkragte dink Keulder dat wetenskaplike vooruitgang sal aanhou om die bedryf te beïnvloed. “Nuwe genetika en nuwe soorte plantmateriaal gaan ’n groot katalisator vir verandering in die bedryf wees. Daar is ongelooflike werk in genetika en biologiese wetenskappe, wat die manier waarop ons voedsel produseer vir altyd gaan verander.”

Doen meer met minder Petru du Plessis is ’n steenvrugprodusent en tegniese adviseur op Stellenbosch wat ook by bemarking betrokke is. Hy het grootgeword op ’n vrugteplaas in die Koue Bokkeveld en werk reeds ongeveer 25 jaar in die bedryf. Hy reken die wêreld het “kleiner” geword, in die sin dat mense baie meer is aan mekaar verbind. “Soos kommunikasie wêreldwyd verbeter het en die eenkanaalbemarkingstelsel gesneuwel het, het daar ewe skielik ’n tsoenami van nuwe kultivars oor ons landsgrense gekom,” sê Du Plessis. “Die Suid-Afrikaanse steenvrugbedryf het ’n leerskool deurgegaan om te weet dat die oorsese kultivars nie noodwendig beter is as dié wat plaaslik geteel is nie.” Sommige van die nuwe kultivars was egter uitnemend en het na Du Plessis se mening ’n kwantum sprong in die steenvrugbedryf veroorsaak. “As jy die genetika van vrugte wat 25

jaar terug beskikbaar was vandag sou toepas, sou elke enkele steenvrugboer in Suid-Afrika bankrot gewees het.” Die nuwe kultivars lewer baie groter vrugte, wat beteken dat produsente meer uitvoerkartonne per hektaar produseer. “Die beste produsent kon 25 jaar gelede kwalik 4 000 kartonne van 5,25 kg pruime per hektaar behaal,” sê Du Plessis. “Dis nie deesdae ongewoon vir produsente om 8 000 of selfs tot 10 000 kartonne per hektaar te pluk nie, en die Klas 1 uitpakpersentasie is hoër.” Benewens groter vrugte, lewer die moderne kultivars ook beter eetgehalte en opbergingsvermoë, wat ’n positiewe gevolg gehad het op die toename van uitvoer. Die ander verandering wat Du Plessis beklemtoon is nette. Toe hy begin werk het, was daar geen nette op enige vrugsoorte in enige vrugtegebied nie. Nette verbeter groeikrag en vruggrootte en verminder sonbrand en windskade. Nette verlaag ook watergebruik. Du Plessis verduidelik dat nette produsente toelaat om meer te doen met minder. “Toe ek in die Koue Bokkeveld grootgeword het, was die plase groot, leeg en wyd. Daar was volop water vir besproeiing. In my leeftyd het water só skaars geraak dat daar nie eintlik meer nuwe hektare geplant kan word nie.” Klimaatsverandering, stygende insetkoste en die vraag na residuvrye vrugte sonder plastiekverpakking gaan aanhou om die vrugtebedryf onder druk te sit. “Twintig jaar gelede het niemand eintlik gepraat oor klimaatsverandering, plastiekverpakking of die koste van elektrisiteit nie,” sê Du Plessis. “Ek is egter bly ons het ontwikkel tot op ’n punt waar ons besef NA BLADSY 30

Nette verbeter groeikrag en vruggrootte en verminder sonbrand en windskade, dit verlaag ook watergebruik.

GROENTE & VRUGTE | MEI • JUNIE 2022

GENERAL

Bedryfsleiers gesels oor 30 jaar in die vrugtebedryf VAN BLADSY 29 dat ons ’n uitwerking op die natuur het. Ons het nog nie ál die antwoorde nie, maar ons moet daaroor dink en oplossings vind.”

Vier geslagte van verandering Paul Clüver, besturende direkteur van De Rust Landgoed, het reeds van sesjarige ouderdom besef hy is in boerdery. “Ek wou dié dag op my verjaarsdag vry gehad het, maar my pa het gesê hier kry mense nie af op hulle verjaarsdae nie. Ek het geskree en gehuil, maar toe het ek gaan werk.” Paul en drie van sy susters is die vierde geslag Clüvers op De Rust. Karin Clüver is produksiebestuurder. “Dit is ongelooflik hoe die tegnologie en praktyke wat ons oor die jare gebruik het verander het. Een daarvan is die beskikbare kultivars, en ook nuwe praktyke van boorduitleg en onderstamme.” Karin noem die voorbeeld van Gala. “Toe ons begin het, het jy goed gedoen as Gala 35 ton per hektaar dra. Nou moet Gala 100 tot 110 ton dra, met 80% uitpakke.” Sy is veral positief oor die beskikbaarheid van data wat besluitneming op grondvlak vergemaklik. “Ons gebruik byvoorbeeld hommeltuie en satellietbeelde. Dit het goedkoper geraak en die kwaliteit is beter.” “Ons het beweeg na presisieboerdery,” beaam Paul. “Die kapitaal vir ’n nuwe boord het dramaties toegeneem, maar die prestasie van daai kapitaal is ook dramaties beter.” Paul reken dat die uitskakeling van tussengangers in die leweringsketting in die afgelope 30 jaar ’n noemenswaar-

dige verandering was. Vandag praat produsente direk met supermarkte oorsee. “Die boer moet groot genoeg wees dat hy relevant is. So jy kry konsolidasie, wat oral in boerdery ’n makrotendens is. Dit is ook die enigste manier waarop jy die nuwe tegnologie kan bekostig.” Volgens Paul was daar 30 jaar gelede, toe hy en Karin begin boer het, 65 aandeelhouerprodusente by Kromco, terwyl daar vandag 11 is. “Maar ons produseer 40% meer appels. Dit vertel vir jou die storie.” Wat die toekoms betref is dit volgens Karin moeilik om spesifieke faktore uit te sonder. Sy neem beslis die uitwerking van klimaatsverandering en beperkte hulpbronne in ag wanneer sy nuwe boorde beplan, en sy maak ten volle gebruik van hulpmiddels soos geoutomatiseerde besproeiingstelsels en nette. Paul glo dat appelproduksie onder nette binne die volgende paar dekades standaardpraktyk gaan raak, en dat dit een van drie makrotendense in die bedryf verteenwoordig. Die tweede een is dat meganisering se tempo gaan versnel, en die derde is dat die druk op die gebruik van chemise middels al hoe groter gaan raak. Die storie van die steen- en kernvrugbedryf oor die laaste 20 tot 30 jaar, soos beskryf deur die Clüvers, Du Plessis en Keulder, is een van indrukwekkende groei in produksie danksy beter kultivars, praktyke en tegnologie. Hulle is dit egter eens dat produsente in die toekoms nóg meer met nóg minder sal moet bereik indien Suid-Afrika sy plek in wêreldmarkte wil behou.

VEGETABLES & FRUIT | MAY • JUNE 2022

Tindrum 22/091

Goal™ 480 SC Die doel is eenvoudig. Met Goal™ 480 SC, beskikbaar by Philagro, is die doel eenvoudig: skoon lande, gesonde gewasse en groter oeste. Die beproefde chemie van Goal™ 480 SC bied doeltreffende beheer van ‘n groot verskeidenheid breëblaar- en grasonkruidsoorte wat jou gewasse die beste kans bied op beter opbrengste. KRAGTIGE WERKING Goal™ 480 SC beskik oor voor-opkoms sowel as geteikende na-opkoms aktiwiteit. As voor-opkoms onkruidddoder vorm dit ‘n chemiese versperring op die grondoppervlak. Ontkiemende sade of jong saailinge word hier gedood wanneer dit met die aktiewe bestanddeel oksifluorfen in aanraking kom. TALLE VOORDELE • Beproefde en betroubare produk wêreldwyd • Grond pH beïnvloed nie Goal™ 480 SC se doeltreffendheid nie • Hoë en lae temperature beïnvloed nie Goal™ 480 SC se doeltreffendheid nie • Wateroplosbaarheid is baie laag • Bind sterk aan gronddeeltjies en organiese materiaal • Lang nawerking: 4 – 6 weke residuele werking kan na elke toediening verwag word Vir meer inligting oor hoe om hierdie seisoen jou doelwitte met Goal™ 480 SC te bereik, kontak jou naaste Philagro-handelaar. RAADPLEEG DIE PRODUKETIKET VIR VOLLEDIGE GEBRUIKSAANWYSINGS EN -BEPERKINGS Goal™ 480 SC (Reg. Nr. L8303 Wet Nr. 36 van 1947), bevat oksifluorfen, versigtig. Sumitomo Corporation Africa (Pty) Ltd (Reg. Nr. 2013/198830/07), Vloer 3, Suid-toring, Nelson Mandela Square, Sandton. Goal™ is die handelsmerk van Nutrichem Company Limited.

Philagro Suid-Afrika (Edms) Bpk l Reg. nr.: 98/10658/07 PostNet Suite #378, Privaatsak X025, Lynnwoodrif 0040 Pretoria: 012 348 8808 l Somerset Wes: 021 851 4163 www.philagro.co.za

P R O D U K T E W AT W E R K V A N M E N S E W AT O M G E E

GENERAL

Swart swaan-gebeure knel SA se vrugtebedryf Die afgelope meer as 24 maande se bekommernis en tasbare inkomsteverliese in die Suid-Afrikaanse vrugtewaardeketting word toenemend groter. Die hoofbydraers is die voortslepende gevolge van makro-gebeure, waaroor weinig tot geen beheer uitgeoefen kan word nie. Uitdagings in Suid-Afrika se hawens is egter nie die enigste stok in die wiel nie. Jan Greyling

Pere

MEDEWERKER

Einde April het Freshplaza berig dat Suid-Afrika tot en met Week 16 altesaam 8,6 miljoen kartonne van 12,5 kg plaaslike pere uitgevoer het – ’n toename van sowat 1% vir die jaar tot datum. Tot op daardie tydstip het Suid-Afrika 29% meer pere as in die vorige seisoen na Europa gestuur – ’n direkte uitvloeisel van die uitermatige uitdagings met uitvoer na Rusland, waar die peerbedryf met 48% gekrimp het. Verkope binne Afrika het met 45% toegeneem.

it is veral die sosio-ekonomies-logistiese struikelblokke wat die waardeketting in die bedryf negatief raak. Aanvanklik was die Covid 19-pandemie en die wêreldwye inperkings die sondebok. Tans is die uitwerking van Rusland se inval in Oekraïne op noodsaaklike grondstowwe, brandstof en wêreldinflasie geensins gunstig vir die bedryf nie - veral in Europa en die VSA.

VEGETABLES & FRUIT | MAY • JUNE 2022

ALGEMEEN

success is in the detail seeds | science | service Dr Kandas Cloete is ’n senior ontleder oor tuinbou, verbonde aan die Buro vir Voedsel- en Landboubeleid (BFAP). Foto verskaf

Normaalweg neem Rusland baie van Suid-Afrika se klein Williams Bon Chretien (BC)-pere en klas 2-vrugte. Vanjaar het baie hiervan egter in Europa beland, waar oorvoorsiening pryse negatief geraak het. Dit is veral die verlies aan die Russiese mark vir Packhampere wat ’n gevoelige slag is, met die derde agtereenvolgende goeie oes. En dit, terwyl dit moeilik bly om die Klas 2-Packhams elders te verhandel. Teen begin Mei was standaard vragskepe met Suid-Afrikaanse vrugte, wat pere insluit, onderweg na St Petersburg se hawe.

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Uitdagings begin hier

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Volgens dr Kandas Cloete, senior ontleder van tuinbou by die Buro vir Voedsel- en Landboubeleid (BFAP) “sit Suid-Afrika, aldus die Wêreldbank, boonop met vier van die vyf swakste vraghouerterminale in die wêreld.” Die bank het internasionaal navorsing gedoen oor 351 vraghouerhawens. Dr Cloete fokus op statistiese ontledings en tendense in die kommoditeit van tafeldruiwe, sitrus, bloubessies, avokado’s, wyn, kern- en steenvrugvrugte en neute. “Ons verskaf inligting sodat rolspelers strategiese besluite kan neem. Ons ontwikkel insigte wat deur die regering (beleid), bedryfsorganisasies (onder meer SATI, Hortgro en CGA) en privaatkliënte gebruik word.” Volgens dr Cloete vier koste-intensiewe vertragings in die skeepvaartbedryf tans hoogty. “Windward berig dat 20% van die wêreld se vraghouerskepe teen einde April in oponthoude in hawens vasgesit het. ‘n Kwart hiervan is skepe wat by of in Chinese hawens ‘gestrand’ is.” Daar is toenemend vraghouerskepe wat van koers verander om Shanghai – waar volskaalse inperkings geld – te vermy. “Dit lei tot groter vertragings met vraghantering by ander hawens, soos Ningbo-Zhoushan. Sommige rederye kanselleer hul aandoening by hawens wat oorspronklik geskeduleer was, selfs met vrag aanboord vir daardie bestemmings. Dikwels word ’n vaartplan na ’n reeks hawens toe summier gekanselleer. “Inperkings in China het ‘n hewige invloed op die bottelnekke buite dié land se hawens. Die Maritime AI-platform beaam dat die getal vragskepe wat op 19 April 2022 buite Chinese hawens op toelating gewag het, 195% meer was as in Februarie vanjaar.”

Boro • •

Good tolerance to leaf spot Excellent summer cultivar Smooth shoulder with a medium leaf attachment Suitable for the pre-packing, fresh and bunching markets

Berlin* •

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Natuna

Manzu • •

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Ready to harvest after 80 to 100 days Smooth beets with good internal and external colour Suitable for pre-packing, fresh and processing markets Good tolerance to Rhizomania

Productive and uniform Berlicum type carrot Large, bulky and cylindrical Strong, healthy leaves with good Alternaria tolerance Highly adaptable variety

• • • •

Very uniform, cylindrical carrot Good tolerance to Alternaria High yield potential Suitable for the 1, 3 and 5 kg packaging market

Onbetroubaarheid en logistieke koste Dr Cloete sê die gevolg hiervan is dat betroubare ooreenkomste vir geskeduleerde aflewerings van uitvoer vir skeepsvragmaatskappye bykans onmoontlik word. In Januarie 2022 het NA BLADSY 34

GROENTE & VRUGTE

MEI • JUNIE 2022

| www.nuvance.co.za |

GENERAL

Swart swaan-gebeure knel SA se vrugtebedryf VAN BLADSY 33 skedulebetroubaarheid tot ‘n rekordlaagtepunt van 30,9% gedaal. Dit word sedert 2011 gemeet. Lees meer hieroor by: https://www.freshplaza.com/article/9407864/schedule-reliability-drops-to-record-low-in-january-2022/ . Die werklikheid oor die getal vragskepe wat wag om af te laai en onbetroubaarheid van skeepsrederye om geskeduleerde hawebesoeke na te kom, vergroot die risiko vir die tydige beskikbaarheid van vraghouerskepe en verkoelde vraghouers, sê dr Cloete. Sy herinner daaraan dat die landbou met die aanbreek van die Covid 19-pandemie, in Maart 2020, in die meeste wêrelddele as ‘n noodsaaklike bedryf geklassifiseer was. “Die impak van Covid 19 op die vrugtebedryf was oor die algemeen minimaal. Die inperkingsmaatreëls eis egter verseker sy tol.” Hawens wat toemaak weens positiewe toetse of sekere markte wat minder koopkrag het of weens die pandemie toegemaak was of is, het die algemene vraag na sekere produkte geraak. Dit het uiteenlopende gevolge vir verskillende vrugtesoorte.

Tafeldruiwe “In ’n inflasionêre sakeklimaat dra deurlopende stygings in arbeidskoste en die stygings in infrastruktuurkoste by tot druk op bedryfsvolhoubaarheid. So ook grootskaalse, noodsaaklike beleggings in infrastruktuur, soos die vernuwing van wingerde om internasionaal mededingend te bly,” sê AJ Griesel, uitvoerende hoof van die Suid-Afrikaanse Tafeldruifbedryf (SATI), in die bedryf se April-nuusbrief. Dr Cloete wys daarop dat die sitrusbedryf aanvanklik ‘n groot opswaai in vraag ervaar het, weens die soeke na gesonder leefstylprodukte. “Saam met die verswakking van die Rand destyds het dit die bedryf bevoordeel.” Volgens Griesel is daar egter, weens verskeie werklikhede, kommer oor die tafeldruifbedryf se volhoubaarheid. “Ons is afhanklik van wêreldklas-infrastruktuur, wat betroubare elektrisiteitsvoorsiening, goeie padnetwerke en doetreffende, werkende skeephawens insluit. Dit is logistieke boustene wat noodsaaklik is vir volhoubaarheid.” Hy sê SATI is deurlopend in gesprek met Transnet om, op verskeie forums, te verseker dat Kaapstad se hawe op die sakelys bly. “Wagtydperke wat in hierdie seisoen beleef is kan nie weer bekostig word nie. Dit raak die gehalte van druiwe direk. Wat internasionale ontwrigting van verskeping betref kan ons weinig daaraan doen.” Dr Cloete sê weens uitdagings met sekere markte en haakplekke in die logistieke ketting, was daar by tye meer produk in die plaaslike mark aangebied. Plaaslik was verskeie gevestigde markte se normale afsetpunte ook soms ingeperk, wat plaaslike pryse onder druk plaas.

Koste-implikasies en verliese Sy voeg by dat verskepingskoste die afgelope twee jaar só drasties gestyg het dat die lewensvatbaarheid van uitvoer

in verskillende varsvrugbedrywe in gedrang kom. “Plaaslik het die koopkrag van Suid-Afrikaners ‘n knou gekry met die pandemie. Dit word deur die rekordvlakke van werkloosheid, volgens Statistiek SA, beaam.” Dr Cloete sê rolspelers is dit eens dat stiptelike aflewering krities is en deur invoerders vereis word. “Die heersende waardeketting-uitdagings maak dit baie moeilik vir produsente en uitvoerders om produkte betyds af te lewer. Dit kan langtermynverhoudings benadeel en beteken dat rakspasie in gedrang kom.” Waar dit voorkom asof koste vir verliese uit vertragings binne en buite hawens, ongeag die oorsaak daarvan en gevolglike skade, op die produsent se rekening beland, sê dr Cloete die BFAP verstaan dat elke rolspeler in die ketting bloot die verhandeling fasiliteer, maar nooit eienaarskap van die produk neem alvorens dit die finale koper daarvan bereik nie. Indien nataligheid deur ‘n rolspeler in die ketting bewys kan word, kan die verantwoordelikheid afgeskuif word, waar dit vooraf ooreengekom is. As ’n voorbeeld herinner sy daaraan dat CIF (cost, insurance, freight) die produkprys vorm, soos afgelewer in die hawe van bestemming. “Hieruit is daar versekering betaalbaar vir skade gely, terwyl produkte op die see is. Daar kan ook ‘n eis ingestel word teen die skeepshuis indien nataligheid aan hul kant bewys kan word.” Wat die dienskoste van die uitvoeragent vir die produsent betref, word gewoonlik ooreengekom op ‘n persentasie kommissie, gemeet op die prysvlak vry aan boord (FOB – free on board) of afgelewer in hawe (DIP – delivered in port).

Toekomsverwagting Dr Cloete glo produsente moet, saam met die rolspelers in die uitvoerketting, deeglik besin oor watter vrugte, volgens klas en telling, winsgewind uitgevoer kan word en dan dienooreenkomstig produksie-, pak- en bemarkingsprogramme beplan en beding. Oor die langtermyn moet PPP’s (privaat-openbare vennootskappe) gesluit word oor die opgradering, instandhouding en bestuur van infstrastruktuur wat noodsaaklik is vir die uitvoer van vars vrugte. Dr Cloete sê BFAP stel die beste moontlike insigte en vooruitskouings aan kliënte beskikbaar – met alle moontlike inligting tot hul beskikking en die ontledings daarvan. “Ons glo die landbousektor kan net tot sy volle reg in groei, handel, werkskepping en voedselsekerheid kom wanneer besluitnemers in die openbare en privaatsektor oor die beste moontlike insigte beskik.”

VEGETABLES & FRUIT | MAY • JUNE 2022

ALGEMEEN

The importance of spray accuracy and monitoring for Saratoga Fruit Theo Doms is the production manager at Saratoga Fruit Estate, a top-class producer that uses Farmtrack for all its spray and farm management needs. Saratoga produces a variety of citrus and stonefruit. Their stonefruit production includes nectarines, peaches and plums, and their citrus production is focused on soft citrus, nadorcotts, novas and eureka lemons.

“O

ur farm is in production 12 months of the year, so we are constantly monitoring phenological stages of the trees, depending on what season it is. We are always monitoring irrigation needs, spraying needs and amongst others pest control.” Theo says that there are numerous challenges that come with working around the clock – especially when spraying. “Different crops need different pesticides, and that is crucial to monitor throughout the year. This also allows us to keep the data for comparisons from year to year.” Saratoga started using Farmtrack in October 2018. The need for it arose from wanting to keep a closer eye on spraying especially during night time. Mistakes creep in sometimes, and with Farmtrack it’s much easier to pinpoint where something went wrong instead of using guesswork. “Now we know for sure what tractors were spraying, what time they were spraying and at what speeds they were spraying. From that perspective it really is priceless. “I would not want to continue farming without Farmtrack, as we trust the technology and it has really helped us significantly.” Theo says one of his favourite features is the overtime monitor, specifically because they spray at night. This allows them to get a handle on how much overtime is being used,

and that data feeds directly into their payment system as well. “Spray accuracy is important. There is no more skipping of rows now. If it does happen, we can go back and rectify it in no time. Human error slips in sometimes, and it is great to have a tool that can really help you to iron out these sorts of human errors. Subsequently it has also had a positive impact on our sprayer’s performances and overall morale.” For Saratoga, Farmtrack has gone from a monitoring tool to an accuracy tool. “Sprayers know that they are doing the right thing, and that they are driving at the right speed and not missing any rows. It makes sure everyone is doing the best they can, to yield the best product.” According to Theo, the national and international competition is increasing, and one needs to be at optimal performance for a farm, as this is crucial for survival. Agricultural technology like Farmtrack helps with this. “It’s good to see that technology companies are paying attention to agriculture. Every farm needs to decide for themselves what they need, what will help them improve, and what is cost effective for them, and invest in that. I would definitely recommend it as an agricultural tool, and I look forward to seeing what they include in their services in the coming years. I wouldn’t want to farm without it.”

“Different crops need different pesticides, and that is crucial to monitor throughout the year. This also allows us to keep the data for comparisons from year to year.”

GROENTE & VRUGTE | MEI • JUNIE 2022

GENERAL

Afrikelp – a sustainable agricultural partner The increasing demand for safe and sustainably produced food necessitates that the agricultural sector reviews and broadens its practices and business models. This complex scenario not only requires sustainable practices to improve crop yield and quality, but also environmentally sound company policies to ensure agricultural resilience.

ustainability is one of the core values at Afrikelp®. “Sustainability is woven through all aspects of our business,” says Dr Nicole Hart, the Managing Director. “We recognise that we need to employ tools, technologies and opportunities that can sustainably address the challenges lying ahead of the agricultural sector. We strive to deliver products and production processes that are of outstanding quality and do not negatively impact the environment. We wish to be seen as a company that is socially responsible and that we do not compromise on health and safety.” She adds that Afrikelp is enthusiastic about bring practical, sustainable and meaningful solutions to the agricultural sector. “Our seaweed extracts have been shown to improve nutrient use efficiency in crops.” Trial results over the past few growing seasons have shown significant results in: • Improved transport of low mobility elements, such as calcium. • Enhanced macro and micronutrient uptake, mobility and metabolisation. • Reduced nutrient imbalances in treated plants caused by over or under fertilisation. • Improved moisture retention in water deficit conditions. • Improved plant physiological performance in conditions exhibiting high salinity levels. • Improved filtration and reduced bioaccumulation of toxins. • Reduced plant shock during and post transplanting. Improved nutrient use efficiency is a critical component of environmentally responsible farming practices, and Afrikelp is involved in studies that further investigate the positive effects seaweed extracts has on microbial action and population dynamics in the rhizosphere, and the role it plays in supporting nutrient cycling and bioavailability improvement. The company is also partnering with various interested parties in promoting regenerative agricultural practices. “We believe regenerative agriculture is a viable option in certain areas and applications, and we are engaged in exciting projects to show the pivotal role our seaweed products can play in reestablishing and supporting natural ecological processes that benefit nutrient uptake and vegetative growth.” She adds that Afrikelp’s proven effectiveness in stimulating root development, improving nutrient use efficiency and enhancing stress tolerance, means that their products are increasingly being utilised as a means to reduce the negative ef-

fects impaction crops by compromised growing environments. “The ability for plants to tolerate stress factors is increasingly relevant, as the effects of climate change, environmental degradation, resource limitations and costs to mitigate these stressors escalate. This makes seaweed products an essential addition to any crop nutrition programme.”

Sustainability and environmental awareness Afrikelp is also focussing on internal sustainability initiatives and environmental awareness. In the past Afrikelp used to buy polystyrene trays to grow mung bean plants for experiments to test product efficacy and these trays went to landfill. In alignment with the company’s sustainability goals, all remaining polystyrene trays once used, are given to an external company, Enviro Lite, in Athlone, Cape Town, which produces cement which is used to make bricks to build houses. Going forward biodegradable seedling trays will be used. The company has also moved from using plastic bottles in their quality testing processes to glass bottles. All production samples are now collected in reusable glass bottles which have been cleaned and sterilised. Reduction of single use plastic is being phased in in all the production processes and sites. Afrikelp donates the used soil from the mung bean and seedling assays and pot trials to a community project in Tafelsig in Mitchell’s plain, Cape Town. Members of the community have started a small vegetable garden with the fertile soil. The soil is mixed with sand on a communal field and a variety of vegetables such as lettuce, broccoli, carrots and others are grown. These vegetables are then given to the less fortunate members of the community to prepare meals. Every new employee starting their career at the company is given a spekboom to plant outside the office building. During their employment they must nurture and care for the plant as a reminder that they can make a difference to the well-being of the environment and that the smallest effort can contribute to making a difference. Afrikelp has participated in beach clean-ups in Cape Town and Gansbaai. “Not all responsibility for sustainable agriculture lies with farmers. Responsibility should be shared with all involved in the agriculture value chain. A holistic approach is needed and therefore it is of utmost importance that we also nurture this principle within our company and amongst our staff,” she concludes.

VEGETABLES & FRUIT | MAY • JUNE 2022

Waar land en water ontmoet … daar lê ’n oseaan van voordele.

‘N OSEAAN VAN VOORDELE AFRIKELP ® BIOSTIMULANTE Bevorder groei, kwaliteit en opbrengs.

Afrikelp® het met die natuur kragte saamgespan om vir jou ’n natuurlike oplossing vir verbeterde landbouprestasie te bring. Ons vloeibare seewierekstrak is wetenskaplik ontwikkel om noodsaaklike komponente te behou wat opbrengs en gewaskwaliteit verbeter en weerstand bied teen omgewingstresfaktore. Bou ’n vennootskap met ’n maatskappy wat die voordele van die oseaan benut tot die voordeel van jou boerdery.

Bou ’n vennootskap met Afrikelp.

Mengbaarheid: Afrikelp is mengbaar met ’n wye verskeidenheid ander landbouprodukte. Grond: Verbeter die groeikragtigheid van saailinge deur middel van direkte aanwending by die wortels. Volhoubaarheid: Ons vloeibare seewierekstrakte word geproduseer van seewier wat op ‘n volhoubare wyse geoes is, vir die wedersydse voordeel van die oseaan en jou boerdery. Groei: Afrikelp se unieke samestelling van natuurlike biostimulante, hoofsaaklik ouksien, stimuleer die groei van wortels, spruite en vrugte. Plant: Kan direk aangewend word op die blare van plante deur middel van blaarsproei. Dinamies: Verbeter die dinamiese biochemiese prosesse in die plant vir optimale plantselontwikkeling. Kelp: Die unieke Suid-Afrikaanse kelp, Ecklonia maxima, ryk in ouksien, sinchroniseer en bevorder gewasproduksie.

Het jy al die krag van die natuur aangewend? Gesels met ons vir meer inligting.

+27 21 551 3556 www.afrikelp.com

uppe marketiing A31685

nurturing growth

Elim is ’n eksklusiewe verspreider van Afrikelp-produkte. Kontak jou naaste verkoopsverteenwoordiger by 012 252 4455

INSECT COLUMN

Figure 1: Wilted lemon blossoms, damaged and webbed together by larvae of the citrus flower moth.

Citrus flower moth (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae)

Source: https://www.citrusresourcewarehouse.org.za/home/documenthome/news-articles/south-african-fruitjournal-safj/safj-2014/2663-sa-fruit-journal-feb-march-2014-cri-lemon-borermoth-citrus-flower-moth/file

Citrus flower moth is a tiny moth which occurs in many parts of the world, including South Africa. Nozibusiso Maphumulo

Figure 2: Necrotic lesions caused by citrus flower moth larvae that penetrated a lemon fruit.

IPM-PROGRAM, NORTH-WEST UNIVERSITY

Citrus flower moth classification:

https://www.citrusresourcewarehouse. org.za/home/document-home/newsarticles/south-african-fruit-journal-safj/ safj-2014/2663-sa-fruit-journal-febmarch-2014-cri-lemon-borer-mothcitrus-flower-moth/file

Class: Insecta (insects) Order: Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies) Family: Yponomeutidae Genus: Prays Species: citri

Figure 3: Citrus flower moth larva. https://www.prayscitri.eu/

t is also commonly known as citrus blossom moth and lemon borer moth. The first appearance of the citrus flower moth in South Africa was reported in 1915 in KwaZulu-Natal and Pretoria. It now occurs throughout South Africa, where it mostly attacks flowers of lemon and lime. However, it has been reported to have a number of other hosts in South Africa, especially citrus plants, such as navel orange, sour orange, sweet orange, mandarin and grapefruit. Acrolepia citri is a synonym of the citrus flower moth. Citrus flower moth lays eggs singly, either on flowers early in the season or outside fruitlets later in the season. One female can lay between 39 to 334 eggs. The life cycle of the citrus flower moth ranges from 14 to 47 days, depending on temperature. Larvae hatch after 2 to 6 days depending on temperature. The neonate larva immediately bores slightly into small fruits or flowers after hatching. The larval stage takes between 7 to 12 days before pupation takes place inside flowers, young fruits and on leaf surfaces. The duration of the pupal stage is 3 to 10 days. Moths can survive for 2 to 18 days. Citrus flower moth can have 3-16 generations per year depending on climatic conditions. However, the specific number of generations per year in South Africa are not known, since its life cycle has not been well studied. Eggs of the citrus flower moth are very small, approximately 0,2 mm in size. They are slightly oval in shape with a white colour. Larvae are light grey, brown or green in colour. The final instar is between 4,2 and 5,5 mm in length. Pupa are initially light green in colour, and then turn to dark brown. Adults of the citrus flower moth are small and slender with greyish-brown forewings marked with irregular spots. They have narrow light grey hindwings. Both wings are heavily fringed with a wingspan of 3,6 to 4.5 mm. The damaging stage of the citrus flower moth is the larval stage. The larvae feed on buds and flowers, webbing them together. Mature larvae can eat entire blossoms and pea-sized fruitlets. They bore into young fruits and feed inside them. Feeding damage or penetration marks result in gumming (sticking) of the fruits and can cause brown necrotic lesions on young and mature lemon fruits. Heavy infestations can cause

Figure 4: Citrus flower moth pupa. https://www.prayscitri.eu/

Figure 5: Citrus flower moth adult.

https://www.prayscitri.eu/

the fruits to drop and lead to crop loss. Citrus flower moth is of minor economic importance in South Africa. However, its importance has been increasing lately, more especially on lemon due to pesticide programmes and a decline in natural enemies. Monitoring of citrus flowers should be conducted in spring by checking for its presence or feeding damage in blossoms. Citrus flower moth has a small population density during winter and spring and higher in autumn and summer. Studies have shown that Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) sprays can be effective in controlling this pest. Several larval parasitoid species which attack citrus flower moth have been reported in South Africa. Curative control practices should be applied against the first generation of larvae that feeds on blossoms in order to prevent the development of the second generation that eats small fruits because it is very difficult to control. Enquiries: mashimanenozi03@gmail.com

VEGETABLES & FRUIT | MAY • JUNE 2022

Treevix

Boul die hardnekkigste breëblaaronkruide uit! Treevix® is ’n nuwe innoverende onkruidbestuuroplossing vir die beheer van moeilik beheerbare breëblaaronkruide in sitrusboorde, insluitend sekere ALS-, triasien- en glifosaat weerstandige biotipe onkruide. Treevix®:

• Dramatiese verbetering in sitrusboordonkruidbeheer teweeggebring deur die kragtige blaaraktiwiteit en uitstekende sistemiese werking • Werking is aansienlik vinniger as huidige oplossings • Doeltreffende onkruidbeheer verminder onkruidsaadproduksie wat verlaagde onkruiddruk in toekomstige seisoene meebring • Ideale komponent in ’n breëblaaronkruid weerstandbestuurprogram vir sitrusboorde. * Gebruik Treevix® met Roundup® of Roundup® Turbo soos per etiket.

uppe marketing A25920 BASF Suid-Afrika (Edms) Bpk • Sestiendestraat 852, Midrand, 1685 • Posbus 2801, Halfway House, 1685 • Tel: +27 11 203 2400 • Faks: +27 11 203 2461 • Webblad: www.agro.basf.co.za Mobielewebblad: m.agro.basf.co.za • Treevix® Reg. Nr. L10406, Wet Nr. 36 van 1947. Aktiewe bestanddeel: Kixor® 700 g/kg. Kixor® - saflufenacil. Treevix® en Kixor® is geregistreerde handelsmerke van BASF. Roundup® Reg. Nr. L0407 Wet Nr. 36 van 1947, glyphosate (potassium) 360 g a.e./l. Versigtig (lll) • Roundup® Turbo Reg. Nr. L7166 Wet Nr. 36 van 1947, glyphosate (potassium) 450 g a.e./l. Versigtig (lll) Roundup® en Roundup® Turbo is geregistreerde handelsmerke van Monsanto Technology LLC.

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CAPE TOWN Tel: 021-534 0215 DURBAN Tel: 031-569 4199 JOHANNESBURG Tel: 011-312 4976 sales@goldpack.co.za www.goldpack.co.za

Vegetables & Fruit May/June 2022

Articles inside

Swart swaan-gebeure knel SA se vrugtebedryf

Citrus flower moth (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae

Afrikelp – a sustainable agricultural partner

The importance of spray accuracy and monitoring for Saratoga Fruit

Bedryfsleiers gesels oor 30 jaar in die vrugtebedryf

Roes hoef jou nooit weer onkant te vang nie

F1 hybrid beet makes it all better

PPECB gears up for the 2022 citrus season

Apricots: an untapped fruit on the market

R120 million investment in Redsun

Citrus export estimates for 2022 predict growth

Fokus op hierdie aspekte vir gesonde sitrus-oes

Has organic wine reached its “tippling point”?

Potassium nitrate for use in stone fruit production