St Hugh's College, Oxford - Chronicle 1960-1961

ST. HUGH'S COLLEGE

CHRONICLE I 96o61 Number 33

ASSOCIATION OF SENIOR MEMBERS

FO UNDRESS ELIZABETH WORDSWORTH

BENEFACTORS CLARA EVELYN MORDAN EDWARD GAY ELIZA MARY THOMAS CHARLES SELWYN AWDRY PHILIP MAURICE DENEKE MARY GRAY ALLEN JOHN GAMBLE MARY MONICA CUNLIFFE WILLS EVELYN MARTINENGO CESARESCO CATHERINE YATES ELSIE THEODORA BAZELEY ERNEST CASSEL HILDA MARY VIRTUE-TEBBS ISOBEL STEWART TOD ASPIN LOTTIE RHONA ARBUTHNOT-LANE CECILIA MARY ADY CATHERINE FULFORD

ST. HUGH'S COLLEGE ASSOCIATION OF SENIOR MEMBERS

Chairman THE PRINCIPAL

Hon. Secretary, 1959-61 MISS M. JACOBS, B.LITT., M.A.

Editor of the Chronicle, 196o-62 MISS E. LEMON, M.A.

CONTENTS OFFICERS OF THE ASSOCIATION. VISITOR, PRINCIPAL, FELLOWS, HON. FELLOWS, ETC. REPORT OF THE THIRTY-FIFTH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE ASSOCIATION OF SENIOR MEMBERS .

SHERRY PARTY, 1961 .

GAUDY, 1962 GAUDY,

1960

3 5 7 7 7 7

THE PRINCIPAL'S REPORT

I0

GIFTS AND BENEFACTIONS

13

DEGREES

13

.

UNIVERSITY SCHOLARSHIPS AND PRIZES, POSTGRADUATE AWARDS

14

COLLEGE AWARDS .

15 15 16

HONOUR EXAMINATIONS MATRICULATIONS .

THE JUNIOR COMMON ROOM

18

GAMES REPORT

20

OBITUARY .

20

MARRIAGES .

22

BIRTHS PUBLICATIONS

24 26

NEWS AND APPOINTMENTS

29

UNIVERSITIES IN WESTERN GERMANY

38

The list of Members for whom the College has no address at present will be found on p. 38 of this Chronicle.

Visitor THE RIGHT HON. SIR OLIVER SHEWELL FRANKS, M.A., HON. D.C.L.

Principal EVELYN EMMA STEFANOS PROCTER, M.A., CHEV. DE LA LEGION D'HONNEUR

Fellows

Professorial Fellow, Montague Burton Professor of International Relations.

DOROTHEA HELEN FORBES GRAY, O.B.E., M.A., Official Fellow, Tutor in Classics, University Lecturer in Homeric Archaeology.

MADGE GERTRUDE ADAM, M.A., D.PHIL., Research Fellow, University Demonstrator in Astronomy.

IDA WINIFRED BUSBRIDGE, M.A., D.PHIL. (M.SC. LOND.), Official Fellow, Tutor in Mathematics, University Lecturer.

BETTY KEMP, M.A., Official Fellow, Tutor in History, University Lecturer.

HON. HONOR MILDRED VIVIAN SMITH, M.A. (D.SC., M.D. LOND.), Research Fellow, May Reader in Medicine.

PAMELA OLIVE ELIZABETH GRADON, M.A. (PH.D. LOND.), Official Fellow, Tutor in English Language, University Lecturer.

AGNES PRISCILLA WELLS, M.A., Official Fellow, Treasurer.

HELEN MARY WARNOCK (MRS.), B.PHIL., M.A., Official Fellow, Tutor in Philosophy, University Lecturer.

SUSAN MERIEL WOOD (MRS.), B.LITT., M.A., Official Fellow, Tutor in Medieval History, University Lecturer.

MARJORIE MARY SWEETING, M.A. (M.A., PH.D., CAMBRIDGE), Official Fellow, Tutor in Geography, University Lecturer.

MABEL RACHEL TRICKETT, M.A., Official Fellow, Tutor in English Literature, University Lecturer.

MARGARET JACOBS, B.LITT., M.A., Official Fellow, Tutor and Cassel Lecturer in German, University Lecturer.

BETTY ISABELLE BLEANEY (MRS.), M.A., Official Fellow and Assistant Tutor in Natural Science (Physics), University Lecturer.

VERA JOYCE DANIEL, M.A. (PH.D. LOND.), Official Fellow, Tutor in French, University Lecturer.

JOYCELYNE GLEDHILL DICKINSON, M.A., D.PHIL., Official Fellow, Librarian.

AGNES HEADLAM-MORLEY, B.LITT., M.A.,

Honorary Fellows JOAN EVANS, D.LITT. BARBARA ELIZABETH GWYER, M.A. IDA CAROLINE MANN, M.A. (D.SC. LOND.) MARY ETHEL SEATON, M.A., D.LITT. MARY LUCY CARTWRIGHT, M.A., D.PHIL. (M.A., D.SC., CAMBRIDGE)

Emeritus Fellows GERTRUDE THORNEYCROFT, M.A. ELIZABETH ANNIE FRANCIS, M.A. OLGA DELFINA BICKLEY, M.A.

Tutors and Lecturers

Assistant Tutor in Natural Science (Biochemistry).

EVELYN CHRISTINA MERVYN ROAF (MRS.), M.A., Martinengo Cesaresco Lecturer in Italian, and University Lecturer.

THEODORA CONSTANCE COOPER, M.A., Lecturer in Economics.

MARY RANDLE LUNT, B.A.,

Bursar EVA MAJOR

Principal's Secretary G. A. EASTERBROOK

Treasurer's Clerk MRS. JAY

REPORT SF THE THIRTY-FIFTH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE A.S.M. HE thirty-fifth annual general meeting of the Assocation of Senior Members was held on 2 July 1960. The Chairman called on the meeting T to stand in memory of eleven members who had died during the year.

In her statement the Chairman drew attention to the University legislation passed in October 1959 which conferred on the Women's Colleges the status of full Colleges of the University and to consequential changes in the College Statutes and By-laws. She mentioned in particular the creation of a new category of Junior Research Fellowships.

The meeting was told of the very generous legacy left by the late Dame Catherine Fulford to the five Women's Colleges in Oxford and to New Hall, Cambridge, of which St. Hugh's had already received ÂŁ8,500.

The Chairman offered the congratulations of the meeting to Professor Kathleen Coburn on her election as general editor of Coleridge's works which had been the subject of a leader in The Times that morning; she also gave the names of those elected to College postgraduate awards and the winners of various University awards and prizes. She reported the election of Miss T. Cooper (Girton) to a Lecturership in Economics from Michaelmas Term 1960.

There was some discussion about the usefulness of the Register of Senior Members, which quickly became out of date because of the large number of marriages and changes of address, but the general feeling of the meeting was that members would still wish to receive it, despite this disadvantage.

Miss Lemon was re-elected editor of the Chronicle.

SHE Y PA 1" TY, 196!

SHERRY Party for members of the Association will be held on Friday, A 22 September 1961, 5.30-7.30 p.m. at Queen Elizabeth College, Campden Hill Road, by kind permission of the Principal (M. J. Sargeaunt). Full particulars will be found on a slip enclosed with the Chronicle.

GAUDY, 1962 HE next Gaudy will take place in July 1962. The Gaudy Dinner will be T held on Saturday, 7 July 1962, at 7.3o p.m. Further particulars will appear in the next issue of the Chronicle.

GAUDY, 196 o one returning to the College after many years can avoid a conflict of N emotions. When the occasion is a Gaudy these emotions become infinitely complicated. Nostalgia is tempered by surprise or even shock, or it may bubble into a sentimental froth. Like the scenes of childhood the actual areas of the College grounds and buildings seem to have dwindled—the room that appeared so large and private is now seen to be a cell, surely corridors are 7

much shorter than they were? The grounds, though beautiful as ever, have shrunk a little, have they not? It was not, after all, quite such a feat to climb those trees, when one stole out in the early hours to indulge a childish passion, tremulous in the fear that one might—if seen—be considered peculiar or `immature'.

These first sharp impressions soon melt, however, in the warm glow of remembered delights. It is agreeable indeed to see one's young judgements vindicated—A, who seemed one of nature's headmistresses has indeed achieved her pinnacle of fame; B, whose talents were first displayed in College plays and private mimicry, is now an ornament of the London stage, while C who showed a genius for placating authority while pursuing her own dark aims is a singularly efficient probation officer. Then there are the surprises, some sad where promise has not been fulfilled, some inexplicable. Who would have expected the academic D to become manager of a brewery, or sport-loving E to achieve local fame as a maker of funeral wreaths ? And what of X, Y, and Z ?

Who knows ? They have achieved the greatness of keeping their private affairs in their own hands. Only one common factor belongs—the organic character of a great college, the looseness of its bonds drawing its members the more closely together.

These reflections, common to all Gaudy-goers, applied with more than usual aptness to the gathering in 196o. It was an assembly of a particularly well-balanced kind, and perhaps more old threads were picked up, reminiscences shared, and new friendships raised on old foundations, than is usual on such occasions. To one visitor at least, emerging from a bucolic background, it was a memorable and wholly delightful weekend.

The arrangements for the Gaudy were, as usual, the Meeting of the Association of Senior Members followed by tea in the garden on Saturday afternoon and the dinner on Saturday evening at which 21 o members were present.

At the Dinner the toast of the Association of Senior Members was proposed

by Phyllis Hartnoll (1926) who talked of what the Association is and does and decided that it 'exists mainly for our delight' and to keep us in touch with the College and, through the Register of Addresses and the Chronicle, with each other.

E. B. B. Sharp (1928) replied to the toast and spoke of the meaning of the Association to those who had pursued an entirely unacademic career, as, for example, in industry.

L. L. Lewenz (1943) proposed the toast of the College. She spoke of the College during the war. 'I lived first in Lodgings and then at 1 Canterbury, I had my tutorials with Miss Procter in what is now the Holywell Hotel, and the only part of College I entered was the Library, coming in at a side door and creeping up the staircase past St. Hugh and his swan, who looked, I often thought, rather forlorn. The gardens were covered with huts. Altogether life at Oxford during the war was a somewhat strange affair.' She went on to say that unfamiliarity with the building had led to her thinking more about what the College can mean to us apart from its physical entity and decided that it means people even more than buildings, and that the people who have built up (and are building up) traditions founded on ideals of scholarship and learning together form the fellowship that is our College. This she came to realize only after she had gone down and had been brought to realize through her work. 'Other people here have doubtless come to realize the power that the 8

traditions, ideals and the fellowship that constitute a College can have in different ways, but it is these traditions, these ideals and this fellowship that I have in mind in proposing this toast.'

The Principal replied: When I last spoke to you at the Gaudy dinner in 1957 we had not yet begun our first post-war building extension, for which we had launched our Building Appeal to Senior Members in 1955. Now that first instalment has been carried out and our extended Hall and twelve new undergraduate rooms in the West Wing have been in use for nearly two years. I believe that a number of Senior Members felt some apprehension about the effect of the extension on the garden and on the appearance of the building. I hope that all of you who are present and have looked at these extensions, both inside and out, will now feel reassured and will agree that the slight alteration to the terrace does not in any way spoil it; that the proportions of the building have been improved by the increased length of the Wings, and that the interior of the Dining Hall has gained in dignity by its greater length. The twelve new rooms are small but several third-year undergraduates, who, after all, have the first pick of rooms, have chosen them. Their gay colours, built-in furniture and electric fires are all appreciated by the modern undergraduate. The whole of the West Wing has been wired for power and we hope eventually to substitute electric for coal fires throughout the College buildings—but as much of the structure of the building is concrete this is a costly and lengthy business. One part of these alterations has not yet been completed—the Mordan Hall. That had necessarily to be lengthened with the Dining Hall, but as we had to cut down the estimates and as the Mordan Hall, which is not in continuous use, would have cost £1,000 to complete and decorate, it seemed best to leave it at present unfinished. The new part is a shell only, with the floor unboarded, the walls unplastered and the roof unceiled. It is divided by a temporary screen from the old part, which can still be used although it is very shabby. When completed it could clearly make a very fine lecture or conference room but besides completion and redecoration it will need to be provided with another exit— for safety—and with double windows on the east to keep out the increasing noise of traffic from the Banbury Road.

Apart from the Mordan Hall—the rest of the alterations have been satisfactorily carried out and financed, largely from the Building Appeal Fund with the help of a grant of £5,000 for the extension of the Dining Hall from the University Grants Committee and a loan of L5,000 from the University, but the instalments of covenants still to come in will cover the repayment of this loan.

At the end of my speech at the last Gaudy I said that the College was considering the joining up of the three St. Margaret's Road houses—that we had consulted our architect but were then awaiting a report on the feasibility of the plan. I gave further information about this plan in this year's Chronicle. The architect's detailed plans are now being considered but they have not yet been approved by the Governing Body, so that further modifications may still be made. The plans provide for a bridge at first-floor level between the M.G.A. Wing and No. z St. Margaret's Road and two-storey links between the three houses. Thus, instead of three detached units, we shall have one block connected on the first floor with the College buildings. At present Nos. 2 and 4 together accommodate two tutors and sixteen undergraduates, while No. 3 contains the Principal's lodgings and one. tutor's set. The new block will 9

contain three tutors' sets and about thirty-seven undergraduates' bed-sitting rooms so that we shall have accommodation for an additional twenty or so undergraduates. It is hoped to begin the work in the summer of 1962 and it will take 6 to 9 months to complete. For academic reasons it may be necessary to spread the increase in undergraduates over two or three years, so as to avoid having one year much larger than the other two but by the mid- 96o's we should be able to accommodate about one hundred and ninety undergraduates in the College buildings and the four remaining houses. We shall still have our fourth year and our older undergraduates in lodgings and we shall still be below the maximum number we should like to have but we shall have got a good way towards solving our accommodation problems. It will not be easy to finance this conversion: there appears to be no likelihood of a grant from the University Grants Committee so that the work will have to be paid for by savings, gifts, and loans and we are already making provisional arrangements for a loan. Thus further contributions to the Building Appeal will be of the greatest help to the College and there will be continued opportunity for those who have not yet been able to contribute to do so, or for those who have given to make a further donation. Most of the seven-year covenants will come to an end in 1961 and opportunity will be given then for donors to renew covenants if they wish to do so.

This St. Margaret's Road building scheme will obviously displace the Principal's lodgings and new accommodation will be required for my successor. The College has decided to use 72 Woodstock Road (at present occupied by the Maison Francaise) for this purpose. The Maison Francaise has plans for building on freehold property, which it has recently acquired in North Oxford, and has already started to demolish houses on that freehold but clearly its new home will not be ready for it yet. The present lease ends this autumn and the Maison Franciase has asked for an extension. We shall need possession by the spring of 1962. The timing is difficult but I am sure that we will come to an amicable arrangement. The Maison Francaise has been an admirable tenant for the last fourteen years and I hope it has found the College an equally good landlord—certainly all our relations both social and official have been most cordial.

I want to end by repeating the information I gave this afternoon about the recent bequest from Dame Catherine Fulford. You will have seen in The Times that her residuary legatees are the five Oxford Women's Colleges and New Hall at Cambridge. We do not yet know how much we shall receive but each College will probably get about £12,000. We have already received two interim payments, one of £7,000 and one of £1,500. The legacy is unconditional and this greatly enhances the value of this most generous and opportune benefaction. The use to be made of it has not yet been considered.

THE PRINCIPAL'S REPORT

A

s a result of the change in the status of the College which was reported last year, the College statutes have been revised. The revised statutes received the approval of the University in Trinity Term 196o and of Her Majesty in Council on 21 December 1960. It was necessary to add a number of 'common form' statutes which define the relations of the College to the University, but the opportunity was also taken to carry out a thorough revi10

sion. Some alterations have been made in the categories of Fellowships: Additional Fellowships take the place of Supernumerary Fellowships; Research Fellowships become Senior Research Fellowships and a new category of Junior Research Fellowships has been added. The latter are intended for graduates who at the time of their election have started research but have not completed ten years since they first entered a University; they will be appointed for a term of three years in the first instance which may be extended, but not beyond a further three years. The College has decided to reconstitute the Elizabeth Wordsworth Studentship which now becomes the Elizabeth Wordsworth Junior Research Fellowship. Its emoluments will be k5oo a year with residence and it will no longer be restricted to graduates of the College. Another new category is that of Emeritus Fellowships, to which former Fellows of the College who have retired after not less than twenty-five years of service to the College may be elected. Three Emeritus Fellows have been elected: Miss Thorneycroft, formerly Bursar and Treasurer (retired 1951); Miss Francis, formerly Tutor in French (retired 1957), and Miss Bickley, formerly Martinengo Cesaresco Lecturer in Italian and Tutor in Modern Languages (retired 1958). All three are well known to Senior Members. Neither Junior Research Fellows nor Emeritus Fellows will be members of the Governing Body. Hitherto the Association of Senior Members has been governed by Statute XI and By-law XIII. When the statutes were first drawn up in 1926, at the time of the incorporation of the College by Royal Charter, the Association was given the right of electing three members of the Council which governed the College and which contained a large proportion of external members. It was, therefore, necessary to define the membership of the Association and its rights of election in a statute. When in 1951 the statutes were altered so that the College became self-governing and the membership of the Council was restricted to the Principal and Fellows, those clauses of Statute XI which related to the Association's right of election were deleted but the rest of the statute was retained. A more logical course would have been to remove Statute XI and to deal with the Association in the By-laws.

This is the course which has now been taken. There is no longer a statute dealing with the Association of Senior Members but a new By-law is being drafted which will combine the subject matter of the old statute and by-law. A by-product of the changed status of the Women's Colleges is that they now come under the University Statute which lays down the way in which College accounts have to be kept. Our financial year now begins on 1 January instead of 1 August and the annual audit takes place in Hilary Term instead of the Long Vacation. All this has necessitated a good deal of rearrangement of the work of the Treasurer's office. Another change is the winding-up of the Women Students' Property Committee, a University Committee set up in 1921 to administer certain funds held for the benefit of the Women's Colleges jointly, and on which the Women Principals sat ex-officio. Of these funds the Women Students' Fund has been divided equally between the five Colleges, who have assumed responsibility for the two small pensions which were the sole remaining liabilities on the fund. The College has received £967.2s. 9d. as its share of this fund and has paid it into the Pension Reserve Fund. The Winter Williams Law Scholarship (for Women) will in future be administered by the Board of the Faculty of Jurisprudence solely, instead of partly by the Board and partly by the committee as hitherto. The Bertha Johnson Loan Fund will be administered by the University Chest—loans to women under II

graduates being granted as heretofore on the recommendation of the Principal of the applicant's college.

The College has decided to appoint a Dean who will be generally responsible for the discipline of those in statu pupillari, and Miss Sweeting has been appointed to this office. The Dean will relieve the Principal of a certain amount of routine work; changes in the lodge and the appointment of a night porter have made it possible for undergraduates in College to have midnight leave without having to ask for it specially. This is the practice already in operation at the other Women's Colleges. Disciplinary matters of serious importance will still be referred to the Principal but such cases are likely to be exceptional.

Miss Treves (now Mrs. Barham) resigned her joint Lecturership in Law at Somerville and St. Hugh's last summer. In view of the very small number of our undergraduates reading Law, the College decided not to proceed to another appointment at present. Miss Theodora Cooper of Girton College, Cambridge, has been appointed Lecturer in Economics from I October 1960. Miss Cooper was at Girton from 1953 to 1956 and obtained a Class II, division 1, in both parts of the Economics Tripos ; for 1956-7 she held a Swedish Government Scholarship at the University of Stockholm, and from 1957 to 1959 a Research Scholarship at Girton College. It had become increasingly difficult to obtain adequate teaching in Economics outside the College and this appointment should greatly strengthen the teaching for the School of Philosophy, Politics, and Economics in the College. Miss Gradon has been granted sabbatical leave for Hilary Term and is spending the term in London and Paris working on manuscripts in the British Museum and the Bibliotheque Nationale. Miss Stephen (Rawnsley Student) has been given leave of absence for the year 1960—I in order to take up a British Council Scholarship to Poland. She will return into residence next October for the second year of her studentship.

The late Dame Catherine Fulford, who died in January 1960, left the residue of her estate to be divided between the five Oxford Women's Colleges and New Hall, Cambridge. So far each College has received Z8,5oo on account of this bequest. The final settlement of the estate has still to take place. There are no specific conditions attached to the bequest and the College has not yet decided what use it will make of this generous legacy. Miss Vera Brittain is giving the royalties on her book, Women in Oxford, to be divided between the colleges. A number of Senior Members who were undergraduates while Miss Salt was Assistant Bursar (1922-41) are giving, in memory of her, a specially bound Prayer Book and small Bible for use at the reading desk in Chapel. The suggested individual contribution was 'not more than 2/6' and the sum of ÂŁ32. Its. 9d. was subscribed by 246 donors. The order has been given to the Oxford University Press, but, at the time of writing, the books have not been received from the binders.

The results in Schools in 196o were satisfactory and very similar to those in 1959: of the 61 candidates who sat for Final Honour Schools, 4 obtained First Classes, 42 Second Classes, 14 Third Classes, and 1 a Fourth Class.

The following are to be congratulated on their First Classes: Sheila Oates (Jubilee Scholar) in Mathematics; Anne Hudson and Joanne Leedham (now Mrs. Zuckermann) in English Language and Literature, and Sylvia Hanson in Modern Languages (German and French). A number of members of the College are also to be congratulated on winning University Scholarships and Prizes: Mrs. Friedman (E. C. Richardson), a Senior Mathematical Scholarship; Sheila Oates, a Junior Mathematical Prize; Shelagh Jameson, the Thomas 12

Whitcombe Greene Scholarship and the Thomas Whitcombe Greene Prize; Paula Cook, the Herbertson Memorial Prize, and Christine Renshaw, the Marjorie, Countess of Warwick Travelling Bursary. Shelagh Jameson has also been elected to the Una Goodwin Senior Scholarship at St. Anne's and a scholarship awarded by the British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara, while Anne Hudson has been elected by the College as its first Dame Catherine Fulford Senior Scholar. She has also been elected to a Lecturership in English Language at Lady Margaret Hall, the appointment to take effect from October 1961. Eight members of the College were awarded State Studentships in 1960: Marianne Koenig, Paula Cook, Anne Hudson, Joanne Leedham, Susan Leggett (relinquished), Ann Kettle, Shelagh Jameson, and Ann Mitchell, and two—Sheila Oates and Maureen Houghton—have been awarded D.S.I.R. grants. These studentships and grants are intended to enable their recipients to work for higher degrees. Altogether 196o has been, academically, a very good year. The number of undergraduates in residence in 1960–I is 190, of whom 181 are reading for Final Honour Schools, 2 are reading for Diplomas, and 7, who are graduates of other universities, are reading for higher degrees. There are also 17 graduates of the College in residence reading for higher degrees and 7 for the Education Diploma. Numbers in these different categories vary a little from year to year but, until the College can increase its accommodation by building, it is unlikely that there will be any significant alteration in the total. E. S. P. 24 February 1961

GIFTS AND ENEFACTIONS

U

NDER the will of the late Catherine Fulford: One-sixth of the residue estate. Up to the present 8,5oo has been received on account of this bequest.

In memory of Sophia Frances Salt from Senior Members who knew her when they were undergraduates: Specially bound Prayer Book and Bible for use at the Reading Desk in Chapel.

From Mr. and Mrs. R. E. M. Cook: £25for books for the Library.

DEG 1 EES, 1960 )

I \

D.Phil. Mrs. Friedman, M.A. (E. C. Richardson). Thesis: 'Some problems in algebraic topology.' A. H. K. King. Thesis: 'Aspects of British Colonial Policy 1825-37 with particular reference to the administration of Major General Sir Richard Bourke in Cape Colony and New South Wales.' M. R. Lunt, M.A. Thesis: 'Biochemical Studies on Arthropod Chitin.' H. M. Swiderska. Thesis: 'Stanislaw Orzechowski (1513-66)'.

B.Sc. E. M. Smith, B.A. B.M. P. F. Hull, M.A.; A. M. G. Lewis, M.A.; A. C. Maddocks, M.A.; G. M. Roberts, B.A. M.A. (by incorporation) T. C. Cooper (from Girton College, Cambridge); J. A. Crawford (from Trinity College, Dublin).

M.A. Mrs. Absalom (L. E. Fairbank), Mrs. Adler (C. E. M. Lawrence), J. M. P. Anderson, J. A. Bailey, Mrs. Baker (D. K. Daniel), E. L. Blanchard, N. M. Blindell, E. D. Bowyer, E. E. Browning, S. M. C. 13

Cameron, L. M. R. Cattley, Mrs. Collins (J. M. Summers), Mrs. Dollery (D. M. Stedman), S. M. Draycott, Mrs. Elkins (D. Dyson), Mrs. Elliott (K. T. Classen), Mrs. Evans (C. M. M. Gernos Davies), Mrs. Flash (D. Chitty), R. A. H. Francis, Mrs. Freer (D. G. Pointon), Mrs. Gauthier (M. J. Mason), Mrs. Gosling (D. de Rin), J. M. Griffith, Mrs. Hargrove (P. Loveday), Mrs. Howard (B. Batra), P. F. Hull, the Countess of Huntingdon (M. W. Lane), Mrs. James (B. Cooper), Mrs. James (C. M. Loveday), G. M. Jones, E. C. Kennedy-Skipton, E. M. I. King, A. M. G. Lewis, Mrs. Lide (M. R. Lomer), A. G. G. Lloyd, M. E. Loyd, A. C. Maddocks, M. G. Marshall, Mrs. North (M. J. Pizzey), Mrs. Pacey (M. M. Mclsack), A. S. Penney, J. M. Pye, Mrs. Ridler (A. M. Morris), M. A. E. Scott, C. M. Smart, Mrs. Smith (M. L. Davies), T. Solesby, R. Sumner, Mrs. Swindells (L. W. Iggulden), B. H. Wardle, Mrs. Warren (J. M. Deacon), S. E. Westcott, Mrs. Woodhouse (S. A. Smith).

B.A. M. E. Alais, Mrs. Ailing (J. I. A. Batsford), S. J. G. Alliston, P. J. M. Allum, D. C. Ashby, C. W. Barron, M. Beckinsale, M. E. Belcher, Mrs. Bell (A. Farrer), J. M. Bott, J. Buddicom, N. P. Byrne, M. A. Carter, R. G. Cole, C. M. Colsell, J. M. M. Cook, P. J. Cook, J. E. Dawson, R. Denson-Dart, J. M. Dukes, C. Dunbar, M. T. McD. Ellis, M. P. Ellis, E. Franklin, B. J. Godfrey, W. A. Greenfield, J. C. M. Grose, S. R. Hanson, Mrs. Hargrove (P. Loveday), W. E. Hefford, M. E. M. Henkel, M. A. Hodgkinson, M. D. Hood, M. A. Houghton, A. M. Hudson, Mrs. Jambor (K. L. M. Hubay), S. A. Jameson, M. H. Johnston, V. B. Jones, A. J. Kettle, Mrs. Lawrence (D. M. Webb), J. Lloyd-Jones, F. McKenzie, S. M. Mander, M. P. Massey, M. S. Mathai, G. W. Miles, M. P. Miles, A. W. Mitchell, M. Moore, S. Oates, L. N. Parker, B. M. Paylor, J. H. Prosser, D. C. Pyett, A. C. Rashleigh, A. J. Read, J. M. Riach, R. A. Shenton, C. P. Simmons, J. A. B. Snow, A. Tolansky, J. S. Welch, M. K. Wilmers, J. M. H. Wood, M. A. blooding, Mrs. Wright (U. Belman), A. Young, Mrs. Zuckermann (J. P. Leedham).

University Scholarships and Prizes Senior Mathematical Scholarship: Mrs. Friedman (E. C. Richardson).

Thomas Whitcombe Greene Scholarship: S. Jameson.

Thomas Whitcombe Greene Prize: S. Jameson.

Herbertson Memorial Prize: P. Cook.

Junior Mathematical Prize: S. Oates.

Marjorie Countess of Warwick's Travelling Bursary: C. Renshaw.

Other Postgraduate Awards St. Anne's College Senior Scholarship: S. Jameson.

British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara Scholarship: S. Jameson.

State Studentships: M. Koenig; P. Cook; A. Hudson; Mrs. Zuckermann (J. Leedham); Mrs. Hopkinson (S. Leggett) (relinquished); A. Kettle; A. Mitchell; S. Jameson.

D.S.I.R. Grants: S. Oates; M. Houghton.

'4

College Awards Yates Theological Senior Scholarship: M. E. Isaacs (B.D. King's College,

London).

Dame Catherine Fulford Senior Scholarship: A. Hudson.

Hurry Prize: A. Hudson.

Elizabeth Wordsworth Essay Prize: B. A. Humfrey.

Hilary Haworth Essay Prize: (shared) W. James and C. Pike.

Special Prizes: S. Oates; S. R. Hanson; Mrs. Zuckermann (J. Leedham).

Graduate Assistantships at American Universities University of California at Los Angeles: J. Bott.

University of Minnesota: A. Walley.

University of Pittsburgh: J. Welch.

Columbia University, New York: Mrs. Friedman (E. C. Richardson).

HONOUR EXAMINATIONS, 1960 Literae Humaniores

Class II: M. E. M. Henkel, S. A. Jameson, J. Lloyd-Jones, F. McKenzie, C. P. Simmons.

Mathematics

Class I: S. Oates.

Class II: M. A. Carter, M. A. Houghton, J. M. Riach.

Class III: P. A. Gildea-Evans.

Natural Science

Physics. Class II: M. Moore, M. R. Scruton.

Class III: J. M. Bott, A. F. Smith.

Chemistry Part I (unclassified): M. D. Hood, J. H. Prosser.

Chemistry Part II, Class II: D. A. Brimacombe.

Animal Physiology. Class III: J. A. B. Snow.

Zoology. Class II: C. W. Barron.

Class III: J. E. Dawson.

Modern History

Class II: M. E. Alais, W. E. Hefford, M. A. Hodgkinson, A. J. Kettle, S. D. Leggett, D. C. Pyett, D. M. Webb, J. M. H. Wood, A. Young.

Class III: A. Tolansky, A. P. Walley.

English Language and Literature

Class I: A. M. Hudson, J. P. Leedham.

Class II: M. Beckinsale, M. E. Belcher, E. M. Borg, N. P. Byrne, M. H. Johnston, M. S. Mathai, A. W. Mitchell, L. N. Parker, J. A. Sylph.

Modern Languages

Class I: S. R. Hanson (German and French).

Class II: D. C. Ashby (German and French), J. M. M. Cook (French), M. P. Ellis (French), V. B. Jones (French and German), M. P. Massey (German and French). R. A. Shenton (Spanish and French), M. K. Wilmers (French and Russian).

Class III: P. J. Allum (Italian and French), A. J. Read (Italian and French).

15

Philosophy, Politics and Economics Class III: J. M. Dukes, M. H. Payne, M. A. Wooding.

Psychology, Philosophy and Physics Class III: Mrs. K. L. M. Jambor.

Geography Class II: P. J. Cook, S. M. Mander, M. P. Miles, J. S. Welch.

Jurisprudence Class III: B. M. Paylor.

Class IV: M. T. McD. Ellis.

Theology Class II: A. C. Rashleigh.

Classical Honour Moderations Class II: A. Blyton, S. A. Greeves, M. Nash.

Class III: E. J. Jacka, P. I. Page.

Mathematical Honour Moderations Class II: D. E. Harris, L. A. Hayes, P. G. W. Hunt, P. R. Jones.

Class III: M. V. Bedwell, C. M. V. Pike.

Natural Science Honour Moderations Class III: E. A. King.

Diplomas Diploma in Anthropology: (Distinction) A. E. A. P. Sandford.

Diploma in Cultural Anthropology: A. H. Redmayne.

Diploma in Education: M. R. Benson, M. K. Credland, W. A. Kitchen, M. E. A. O'Brien, J. A. Smith, A. E. Ward (Distinction), J. P. Wareing.

MATRICULATIONS : MICHAELMAS TE M 1960 Senior Scholar: ISAACS, MARIE E.

(Yates Senior Scholar), University of London.

Scholars: DAVIDSON, SANDRA LILIAN

(Jubilee Scholar) (Mathematics), Staveley-Nether-

thorpe Grammar School.

BILHAM, JENNIFER CLARE (Nuffield

Scholar) (Natural Science), Sutton High

School.

MITCHELL, JANET GLOVER

(Gamble Scholar) (Mathematics), Penistone

Grammar School.

REYNOLDS, JENNIFER DOROTHY

(Ethel Seaton Scholar) (English), City of

London School for Girls.

THOMAS, GILLIAN RAY

(Old Students' Scholar) (History), Monmouth School

for Girls.

Exhibitioners: BALDWIN, GILLIAN WALKER (English), Croham Hurst School, Croydon.

BLAIR, HILARY ANNE (History), University of the Witwatersrand, South

Africa.

BRAY, ANNE 16

(English), Howell's School, Llandaff.

MONTOYA, VELMA KAMALINA, University of Los Angeles.

NEWTON, ELIZABETH ANN (Natural Science), Bromley County

Grammar

School.

PAINE, SARAH (History), Simon Langton Grammar School, Canterbury.

PARKER, JOSEPHINE BRIDGET CUMING (Classics), Brighton and Hove High

School.

PLUMPTON, MARCIA GWENDOLYN (Classics),

Portsmouth Northern Grammar

School for Girls.

(Modern Languages), East Ham Grammar School for Girls.

POWLEY, PAMELA ANN (Classics), Rosebery County Grammar School, Epsom.

PRICE, BRIDGIT CAROLYN (History), County Grammar School, Bexhill.

RICHARDSON, HILARY JULIAN (Modern Languages), St. Hilda's School, Whitby, Yorks.

ROBINSON, JANICE (Natural Science), Rosebery County Grammar School, Epsom.

SCOTT, DOROTHY ANN (History), Roedean, Brighton.

SENIOR, ELIZABETH ANN (Classics), Bradford Girls' Grammar School.

SIMPSON, ELIZABETH MUIRHEAD (Natural Science), Merchant Taylors' School for Girls, Crosby.

SINNETT, ANN LILIAN MARY, University of Bristol.

SHIRLEY, ERYL ANNE CARTON (Mathematics), High School for Girls, Chichester.

SKINNER, JACQUELINE MONICA (History), Plymouth High School.

SMART, BARBARA PENROSE (Geography), St. Leonards School, St. Andrews, Fife.

SQUIRE, DIANE EVELYN (Natural Science), Portsmouth Northern Grammar School for Girls.

THORNE, SALLY ELIZABETH (Modern Languages), Rosebery County Grammar School, Epsom.

WHITE, MARGARET (Philosophy, Politics and Economics), Ullathorne Grammar School, Coventry.

POWELL, MARGARET ALINE

JUNIOR COMMON ROOM EPO 1" T, 1961 HE most important event in the life of the J.C.R. this year has been the new arrangements at the Lodge. Anyone living in College can now purT chase a late-leave ticket any night which enables her to stay out until midnight, if she wishes. The automatic switch on the inner door at the Lodge means that the J.C.R. no longer has to wait outside in the cold night air from 10.45 p.m. to II p.m. whilst the porter turns out lights in College. Both these changes have been much appreciated.

The J.C.R. has been less affluent this year on current account after purchasing an automatic Bendix washing-machine. This has now been installed in the wash-room and has reduced the laundry bills of many. We were the first J.C.R. to donate ÂŁ5O, qua J.C.R., in response to a final World Refugee Year appeal, and a collection box in College raised over IO for Congo Relief. As far as internal affairs are concerned, two alterations have been made in the J.C.R. constitution. In future the J.C.R. President will be elected in the sixth i8

week of Michaelmas Term, and the J.C.R. Committee, in addition to the four officers, now includes the President of the Art Committee, the President of the St. Hugh's Dramatic Society, and the Shop Supervisor. This full committee represented the J.C.R. at the visit to St. Anne's College of H.M. The Queen and H.R.H. The Duke of Edinburgh on 4 November 196o. All the Presidents of the Women's J.C.R.s were presented to the Royal Visitors. The J.C.R. voted unanimously in favour of participating in the newly formed Undergraduate Council. The President of the J.C.R. was a member of the Committee of Five, which drew up a constitution and pleaded its cause before the Vice-Chancellor and the Proctors. The Art Committee has continued to purchase prints for the J.C.R., and the Shop Supervisor has undertaken a radical reform of the shop; there is now a separate Shop and Drinks cupboard account and some goods are now bought wholesale, which, as well as increasing profits, enables members of the J.C.R. to purchase more cheaply. This has made the work of the Treasurer much easier.

The St. Hugh's Dramatic Society has been active this year. In Trinity Term 196o it combined with Wadham Dramatic Society to produce Christopher Fry's The Firstborn in Wadham gardens. In Michaelmas Term 196o, a Keble—St. Hugh's Dramatic Society was formed. Its play readings have been successful, and there is some acting talent among the present first year.

The Lindum Society has continued to meet two or three times per term.

Members of the Society have read papers on Durrell, Trinidad, the Communist Revolution in China, Byzantine mosaics, and Thinking Machines.

Miss Iris Murdoch discussed the Modern novel with the Society.

Various members of the J.C.R. have been prominent in University life.

Wendy James was Chairman of J.A.C.A.R.I., Caroline Reynolds was President of the Italian Club, and Belinda Humfrey was President of the P. G. Wodehouse Society. Romola Christopherson was Secretary of E.T.C., Lindsey Campbell was Secretary of the Yoga Club, Sarah Greeves was Secretary of the Archaeological Society, and Catherine Allen was Secretary of the East Africa Association. Judith Milburn organized the Women's Expedition to the Azores during the Long Vacation, which carried out geographical research, and Jennifer Callender was the Quartermaster. Caroline Reynolds edited the Old Palace, a magazine published by Roman Catholic undergraduates; Jennifer Purkis was deputy-editor of Breakthrough, a universities Christian magazine, and Romola Christopherson was Drama critic for Isis. Jane Hodlin played Elizabeth Arden in Merton's Summer Production of Arden of Faversham, and the Queen in O.U.D.S. Major Production Richard II. Jenifer Cameron read poetry by D. H. Lawrence and Theocritus in an evening of Music and Poetry, arranged by Professor Coghill in the Playhouse, the University Theatre, on 3o January 1961. Jean Furlow has been singing with the Collegium Musicum Oxoniense, which was placed fourth in the International Choirs Festival last year at Arezzo. Janet Tucker played the 'cello with the Oxford University Music Club at Cambridge.

The Carol Service this year was held in Chapel on Advent Sunday in the form of a Festival of Nine Lessons and Carols. The choir, which included basses and tenors, sang Byrd's motet Ave Verum Corpus. A concert of organ music and singing was given recently in the College Chapel by an embryo St. Hugh's—St. Catherine's Musical Society.

We congratulate Ann Hudson, Joanne Leedham (Mrs. Zuckermann), Sylvia Hanson, and Sheila Oates on their Firsts. We congratulate Sheila again on winning a Junior Mathematical Prize, Paula Cook on winning the Herbertson Memorial Prize, Shelagh Jameson on winning the Thomas Whitcombe Green Prize and on gaining a scholarship to Ankara, Christine Renshaw on winning the Marjorie, Countess of Warwick Bursary, and Ann Hudson on her appointment as Lecturer in English Language at Lady Margaret Hall.

MARY RAINE (J.C.R. President, 1960–I)

GAMES REPORT, x96o-61

A

GAIN this year, St. Hugh's has been well represented in the sporting activities of the University.

Last summer Barbara Peel was captain of the Tennis team, she and Maureen Houghton playing in the match against Cambridge, while we had four representatives in the Cricket team: Janet Carruthers, the secretary of the club, Mary Holley, Ann Hamlin, and Pauline Jones. Jenny Albery again played in several representative Lacrosse teams and she, Jenny Cross and Ann Scott were members of the team which at last defeated Cambridge.

The Hockey team, for which Marion Hood and Mary Holley again played, was also successful in the University match, while the College team did well to reach the final of Cuppers, where they lost to St. Anne's.

St. Hugh's is very well represented in the Netball club. Pauline Jones (Secretary), Margaret Evans, Elizabeth Newton and Sally Thorne all played in the team which beat Cambridge, and next year we provide the club with Captain (Pauline Jones), Secretary (Elizabeth Newton), and Treasurer (Margaret Bedwell). In fact, in winning Cuppers, we had a team all of whom have played for the University.

Three first-year people played in the winning Badminton team against Cambridge—Jennifer Bilham, Ann Scott, and Sally Thorne, while Joanna Beattie captained the Squash team for which another first-year, Jennifer Elgood, also played. We did not have a representative in the University Table-tennis match as Ann Rosenberg (Treasurer) was unable to play.

We now have a very good number of swimmers in College, providing Christine Renshaw (Captain), Alison Hawkes (Secretary), Elizabeth King (Treasurer), Jane Prosser, Diana Ladkin, and Ann Scott for the University team which was narrowly defeated by Cambridge.

PAULINE JONES

IT AR

O

N 15 October 196o, GWENDOLINE MARY KENYON HILL, Commoner of the College 1908-11. Aged 71.

On 9 March 196o, AUDREY SPINK, M.A., Commoner of the College 1911-14.

Aged 68.

20

On 27 October 196o, NANCIE MOLLER, M.A., Commoner of the College 1922-5. Aged 57.

On 6 May 196o, IRENE MAUD SHRIGLEY, M.A., Commoner of the College 1922-6. Aged 58.

SOPHIA FRANCES SALT THE death of Miss S. F. Salt on 21 February 1960 has caused much grief to her many friends. She was appointed in 1922 as Assistant Bursar, specially in charge of health and, until her retirement from St. Hugh's in 1941, she was one of the best-loved figures in College life. She began by being in charge of No. 4, then lived in College, and from 1932 to 1939 was Warden of St. Hugh's House. Her previous experience of nursing was considerable and had been gained in the First World War, when she was a V.A.D. in a military hospital in Cairo and later in military hospitals at Netley and Seale Hayne. She brought to the care of the sick not only skill but a fund of kindness and cheerful common sense, and every invalid felt the immediate benefit of one of her visits and responded happily to her well-known greeting of 'Better ? That's right!' and many will remember how helpful she was in providing reading matter from her own large stock of books.

The warmth of her generous humanity was not confined to the sick, however; she was a popular figure on all occasions and her fund of entertaining stories was almost inexhaustible. She had a breadth of vision and a wellbalanced outlook on life that made her a real help to undergraduates at a time in their lives when people are apt to get things out of proportion. Miss Salt's kindly but sound judgement was of inestimable benefit. Again and again in the letters which people wrote when sending a contribution for her memorial there was the expression of the affection which she had inspired. Many will remember the enthusiasm with which one of Miss Gwyer's delightful remarks was greeted after Miss Salt had been away through illness, 'If St. Hugh's had lost its Salt where would be its savour ?'

A sincere and practising Christian who really lived her faith, Miss Salt was a most regular member of the congregation at College Chapel and it is fitting that the memorial to her should be specially bound copies of the Bible and the Book of Common Prayer for use in the Chapel.

I. A.

NANCIE MOLLER IN the autumn of 196o came the news of the sudden death in Khartoum of Nancie Moller, after a mercifully short illness. To those of us who enjoyed her friendship the first shock was succeeded by a feeling of incredulity, 'this cannot be'—for it seemed impossible to believe that anyone so vitally alive as Nancie, with such initiative and energy which she used so generously in the service of others, should have had, in the fullness of her powers, to lay down her work.

She had many gifts, outstanding among them being her power of administration; her readiness, even at an early age, to accept responsibility, led her, after a period of school teaching and some commercial experience, to become Warden at Winkworth Hall. A few years later she was appointed to the 2I

important post of Warden and General Secretary of the London School of Medicine for Women which owed so much to her wise judgements and prompt action in a time of crisis during the Second World War. She became expert in the organization of large-scale student evacuations and air raids made constant demands on her capacity for making swift decisions. As she grew older her love of pioneer work seemed to grow stronger rather than weaker, and it is impossible to over-estimate what the new Physical Training College at Wentworth Woodhouse, of which she was first Principal, owes to her strong leadership and high standards in establishing its first traditions. It was again this pioneer spirit and unfailing courage which carried her to Khartoum, there to use her imagination and understanding of the student mind in a wider international field as first warden of the Hostel for Women Students at the University.

All these achievements will ever remain as a permanent memorial to her, but to those of us who were her friends at Oxford the most vivid memory is of those timeless qualities which belonged so essentially to Nancie's personality.

Her spaciousness of mind, her creativity, her infectious gaiety and humour— these were the qualities which gave her her zest for life and her power of enjoying each new experience to the full. We remember with happiness her wide tolerance and generous appreciation of the achievements of others, but also her swift indignation when her sense of justice was aroused. She loved people and no one knew better than she how to bring out the best in them, but for all her delight in good conversation, and interesting personalities, she never lost touch with the homeliness of little things, and her enjoyment of the company of children was one of her most endearing qualities.

Her loyalty and devotion to Oxford and to her old College brought her back to many Gaudies, there to renew old friendships and to make fresh contacts.

Few of our Senior Members can have served their generation more faithfully, or have established over so wide a field our most treasured traditions.

D. R.

MARRIAGES MARY JOSEPHINE BAKER tO GRAHAM VALLANCE DARRAH (Merton

College), at St.

John's Church, Peterborough, on 5 September 1959.

JANET ISOBEL BATSFORD tO ROGER ALLING, in August 1959.

JOYCE BIRT tO CHARLES PHILIP CORNEY, B.LITT., M.A. (Jesus College),

at Hamp-

stead Registry Office on 14 May 196o.

ELIZABETH LOUISE BLANCHARD to ROBERT F. SAGLE of

Washington, D.C., U.S.A.,

on 5 November 196o. at the Church of SS. Michael and Martin, Hounslow, on 29 February 196o.

SHEILA MORAG CLARK CAMERON to GERALD CHARLES RYAN, at the Temple Church, London, on 3 December 196o.

ROSEMARY GLORIA COLE to PETER S. THORNTON (St. Peter's Hall and Cuddesdon Theological College), at St. Peter's Church, Redcar, on 31 December 196o.

LORNA ANNE DALTON to CARL R. MOREY, MUS.BAC. (Toronto), at the Beck Chapel, Indiana University, on 2 June 196o.

DEIRDRE KATHLEEN DANIEL tO ALEC JAMES BAKER, D.C.Ac., at St. Thomas' Church, Heigham, Norwich, on 2 April 196o.

RUTH BRICK to DAVID JOHN GREGORY HOLLIDAY,

22

of Pittsburgh, U.S.A., in Blythe Bridge, Staffordshire, on 16 August 196o.

AUDREY MARGARET DOWNIE to HERBERT RYDER SHERLOCK, at St. Andrew Parish Church, Kingston, Jamaica, on 3o July 196o.

CHRISTINE DUNBAR tO PAUL SPYROS SARBANES (Balliol College), in Massachusetts, U.S.A., on 11 June 196o.

DOROTHY DYSON tO T. H. ELKINS, in July 1953.

KATHLEEN MARY FITT tO RICHARD JOHN COOK, on I October 1960.

PATRICIA EVA FOSTER tO ARTHUR GUY MALINS SLATTER (Christ Church), at St. Michael's Church, Chenies, Bucks., on 6 August I960.

BRIDGET JANE GODFREY to JOHN MURRAY (Corpus Christi College, Oxford), On 29 July 1960.

JEAN MARY GRIFFITH tO MICHAEL G. BUTLER, B.A. (Cantab.), On 31 December PAMELA AUDREY DEAKIN to DR. BYRON AMDUR ELIASHOF,

1960.

BARBARA BRIGID ANN HAMILTON

to JOHN ADDISON BALLARD, at Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A., on 14 May 196o.

LOTTIE HARPNER tO MR. ENSER, in the summer of 1960.

ANNE PATRICIA MARY HEATH to ROBERT V. CLARKE (University College), at Marston Green, Birmingham, on 29 October 196o.

JOAN CYNTHIA HESLOP tO REX CAMRASS, L.D.S., R.C.S. (Eng.), on 5 January 1961.

SHEILA EDWINA KELLY tO THE REV. JOHN NICHOLAS GRAY ROBINSON, B.A.

(Exeter College), in Exeter College Chapel, Oxford, on 18 April 196o.

MARIANNE FRANCES KOENIG to J. C. C. MAYS, on 7 January 1961.

MARY KURN to DR. F. J. A. ALEXANDER, in 1960.

SUSAN DOROTHY LEGGETT tO MR. HOPKINSON, in 1960.

ANN MARY LEWIS to DR. DENNIS HANSON GATH (Corpus Christi,

Cambridge, and St. Catherine's, Oxford), at St. Clement Danes Church, London, on 3 December 196o.

ANNE GERALDINE GREY LLOYD to JOHN RALPH LONGTHORNE CLAPHAM (Trinity College, Oxford), on 20 August I960.

MARGARET SYLVIA LLOYD to ROBERT ANTHONY LAWRENCE BALDWIN (Balliol College), at the University Church of St. Mary the Virgin, Oxford, on September 196o.

MAUREEN ELIZABETH MCKAIG to JOHN KENDALL, at Ewell, Surrey, on 9 April 1960.

FIONA MACRAE-TAYLOR to LT.-COLONEL ARTHUR H. BUCKHAM, O.B.E.,

in the Chapel of the O.B.E., St. Paul's Cathedral, on 3 October 1959.

JEAN MARY MILLS to ROSS ANDERSON, at Temple Ewell Parish Church, on 27 August 1960.

HELEN PERRIS MOORE tO ROBERT ANTHONY GOMME, at Hampstead Registry Office on 14 May 196o.

SARAH MYERS to ANTHONY CURTIS, in Preston, Lancs., on 3 October 1960.

AUDREY LILIAN NOAKES to ROGER CHARLES COZENS, LL.B. (Birmingham), at Christ Church, Crouch End, on 11 June 196o.

ANTHEA EVELYN PAGE tO R. A. NEWMAN on 26 March I960.

THE HON. HEATHER DOREEN PARNELL to ROBERT PETER MANGIN BELL, at All Saints, Minstead, Hants, on 23 April 196o.

JUNE PORTER to JOHN HARRIS BINFIELD, B.A. (Jesus College, Oxford), at the Church of the Holy Trinity, Sloane Street, Chelsea, on 7 January 1961.

CYNTHIA GRACE PRITCHARD tO DAVID WILLIAM ANDERSON, B.A. (Lincoln College), at St. Aldate's, Oxford, on 16 July 196o.

23

ELIZABETH CLARE RICHARDSON to PAUL J. FRIEDMAN,

at St. Peter's Church,

Osmotherly, Yorkshire, on 18 June 196o.

EILEEN MELLA ROSS tO ALAN RAYMOND MAYHOOK, B.A. (Balliol College), at St. George's Church, Leeds, on 12 September 1959.

AUDREY ELIZABETH ADLINGTON PRESTWICH SANDFORD tO LT.-COLONEL W. S. B. GUNN, in September 196o.

SHIRLEY ANN SMITH tO J. MICHAEL WOODHOUSE, on 6 April 1960.

SUSAN SPIKE to DR. CHRISTOPH M. BULST (Brasenose College), at St. Mary's

Church, Green Street Green, Kent, on 31 December 196o.

ALEGRIA JOY UBIETA tO MR. GUNNER, in June 1960.

ELIZABETH JANE WATT tO NORMAN N. FELTES, Assistant

Professor of English, Loyola College, Montreal, on 29 December 1959.

DIANA MARY WEBB to ROGER LAWRENCE, on 20 August 1960.

JENNIFER LOUISE WEST to WALTER IAIN BARBOUR, M.A. (Cantab.), at Deal, on 27 Aug. 196o.

IRTHS MRS. BARTON (C. P. Green)-a daughter (Rosalind Caroline), 4 January 1960.

MRS. BRIDGWATER (P. M. Pearsall)-a daughter (Jennifer Jane), 26 April 1960.

MRS. BRIERLEY (A. F. Ritchie)-a son (Alistair Philip), 17 July 1959.

MRS. BROWN (Margaret Rochat)-a son (Dominic Marcus), 23 July 196o.

MRS. BUCKHAM (Fiona Macrae-Taylor)-a son (Andrew Arthur), 9 November

1960.

MRS. BURBRIDGE

(0. D. Grenfell)-a daughter (Rachel Margaret), 15 June

196o.

MRS. CAMPBELL THOMPSON

(M. A. W. Toovey)-a son (Michael), 18 April

1960.

MRS. CARDY (J. P. Robinson)-a daughter (Isobel Clare), 16 May 1959.

MRS. CHESHER (V. M. Varley)-a son (Christopher Francis), 19 January 1960.

MRS. COTTIS (J. B. Moon)-a daughter (Rosemary Jane), 29 February 196o.

MRS. DARRAH (M. J. Baker)-a daughter (Caroline Jane), I I June I960.

MRS. DEANS (J. M. Cope)-a son (Peter Simon), 2 April 1960.

MRS. DOLAN (L. G. Mansfield)-a son (Robin Michael), 16 September 196o.

MRS. ELKINS (Dorothy Dyson)-a son (Martin John) in December 1956; a

daughter (Louise Christine) in September 1958.

MRS. ELLIOTT (F. J. M. Arthur)-a daughter, 17 December 1960.

MRS. FELTES (E. J. Watt)-a son (Nicholas Robert), 3o October 1960.

MRS. FINCHAM (Jill Cousins)-a son (Julian), 3o December 1959.

MRS. GORDON-THOMSON (Jill Gleadall)-a son (David John), 19 January 196o.

MRS. GORRIE (L. C. Mackintosh)-a son, 5 February 196o.

MRS. GRAY (M. S. Viner)-a son (Jeremy), 22 November 196o.

MRS. GRIFFITHS (Valerie Kipping)-a daughter (Elizabeth Bronwen), 7 July

196o.

MRS. HAINES MRS. HARDIE

24

(C. P. M. Dight)-a daughter (Helen Mary), 1 July 196o.

(P. M. C. Uhde)-a son (Robert Ian), 23 July 196o.

MRS. HARDY (M. M. Morris)-a daughter (Katharine McQueen), 19 May 1960.

MRS. HARPER (Patricia Della-Porta)-a son (Alan Grant), 25 May 196o.

MRS. HOWELL (G. E. Davies)-a son (Andrew Jonathan), 2 October 196o.

MRS. HOWL (E. M. C. Dyke)-a son (Oliver Jonathan Dyke), 29 May 196o.

MRS. HYDE (A. E. Galbraith)-a daughter (Dorothy Charlotte), 3o January

1960.

MRS. ILES (M. W. Davies)-a daughter (Sonya Ruth), 4 November 1959.

MRS. JONES (V. J. Puckridge)-a son (Christopher Mark Vyvyan), 3 November 1960.

MRS. KELVIN (Patricia Hackwood)-a son (Nicholas James), 6 June 196o.

MRS. LEWITTER (Diana Nixon)-a daughter (Olivia Clare), 8 May 196o.

MRS. LIDE (M. R. Lomer)-a son (David Alston Simmons), 29 December 1959.

MRS. LITTLER (A. E. J. Herbert)-a daughter (Judith Helen), 6 December

196o.

MRS. LOCKYER (C. M. Wheatley)-a daughter (Susannah), 16 March 196o.

MRS. LOTHIAN (Y. E. Mead)-a son (Timothy John), 12 September 196o.

MRS. LOWE (A. C. R. E. Goodbody)-a son (Antony John), 13 May 196o.

MRS. LYONS (S. M. John)-a son (David Anthony), 3o April 196o.

MRS. MANDL (M. E. Clifford)-a daughter (Suzanna), 16 November 196o.

MRS. MORTIMER (B. P. Rose)-a son (Crispin Piers), 5 June 196o.

MRS. MUNRO-FAURE (H. E. Bambridge)-a daughter (Eleanor Anne), 15 November 1960.

MRS. PATE (M. K. F. Dale)-a son (Christopher William), 24 June 196o.

MRS. PEABODY (C.-N. Fonthier)-a son (Norbert Worthington), 28 November 1960.

MRS. PEVSNER (F. E. Q. Tate)-a son (Mark Francis), 22 June 1960.

MRS. PRICE (Jean Bates)-a son (David Alan), 20 March 196o.

MRS. RENTOUL (M. C. Tindal)-a daughter (Susan Mary), 7 May 196o.

MRS. RIVETT (J. D. Peacock)-a son (John Graham), 29 December 196o.

MRS. ROYDS (P. M. Maycock)-daughters (Caroline), 1953, (Sarah) 1955,

(Cordelia) 1957.

MRS. SANKEY (G. W. Putman)-a son (Martin Xavier), 3 December 196o.

MRS. SPALL (Geraldine Crowther)-a son (David Charles), in January 196o.

MRS. SPARROW (F. M. Mylechreest)-a daughter (Catherine Mary), 21 January

196o.

MRS. STONEHOUSE (S. L. Cutcliffe)-a son (Nevil John), 15 November 196o.

MRS. THOMAS (Margaret Bird)-a daughter (Victoria Mary), 1 o June 196o.

MRS. TODD (H. M. Wilton)-a son (Anthony James), 14 July 196o.

MRS. TOZER (J. C. Morland)-a daughter (Jacqueline Carol), 15 December 1960.

MRS. WAHBA (Josephine Salkind)-a son (Yusef), 27 June 196o.

MRS. WESTROP (N. M. Clegg)-a son (Charles Harry), 27 November 196o.

MRS. WILSON (K. W. Walters)-a daughter (Katharine Belinda Mary),

25 March 196o.

MRS. WOOD (E. B. B. Young)-a son (Richard Neil Ashley), 24 July 196o.

MRS. WOOF (P. S. Moore)-a daughter (Anne Madeleine), 27 March 196o.

Adoption: MRS. HOWARTH

(M. E. Eade)-a daughter (Stephanie Paula), b. 10 July 1956.

25

PU LICATIONS I. W. Busbridge, M.A., D.Phil. The Mathematics of Radiative Transfer.

Cambridge Tract No. 50, C.U.P., 3os. Published 20 September 1960.

(Cambridge Tracts in Mathematics and Mathematical Physics.)

(Mrs.) P. E. C. Crampton, M.A. Translated from the Danish: The Small Flag, by jorgen Halck. Published by Jonathan Cape.

M. R. Cunningham, M.A. Section in People Matter, the National Adult School Union's Handbook for 1961, price 5s. from N.A.S.U., 35 Queen Anne Street, London, W. 1.

(Mrs.) Margaret Fairley. Selected Writings of William Lyon Mackenzie, 1824-37. Oxford University Press (Toronto). $6.50 (in England 52s.).

November 1960.

A. A. B. Fairlie, M.A., D.Phil. Baudelaire: Les Fleurs du Mal. Edward Arnold, London, 1960. 6s. 6d.

(Mrs.) Diana Fearon, M.A. Murder-on-Thames. Robert Hale. los. 6d.

(Mrs.) A. M. Holt, M.A. Green Henry-a translation into English of Gottfried Keller's autobiographical novel Der Griine Heinrich. Published John Calder Ltd., London, August 196o. 21s.

(Mrs.) J. A. Hope Simpson, M.A. The Stranger in the Train. Hamish Hamilton. 196o. 12s. 6d.

Anne Young Swimmer. Constable, 196o. los. 6d.

0. J. Lace, M.A. Teaching the Old Testament. Seabury Press, Greenwich, Connecticut. Published February 196o. Obtainable through S.P.C.K. at I os. 6d.

(Mrs.) M. R. Lide, M.A. The Bait (a novel) to be published by John Murray in the spring of 1961.

(Mrs.) A. E. Mirsky, M.A., D.Phil. The Fourth Gospel and Jewish Worship.

Published by the Clarendon Press, April 1960. Price los.

Margery Perham, M.A. Lugard: the Years of Authority. Collins, z6 September 1960. 5os.

The Psychology of African Nationalism. Optima, March 1960.

(Mrs.) M. E. Potter, M.A. The Foreign Girl (by Anne Betteridge). Hurst & Blackett, 1960. I Ts. 6d.

D. S. Russell, M.A., F.R.C.P. Neuropathy and Myopathy Complicating Malignant Disease, in Cancer Progress. Butterworths, London, 1960.

N. K. Sandars, B.Litt. The Epic of Gilgamesh, English Version Penguin Classics, 3o September 1960. 3s. 6d.

M. E. Seaton, M.A., D.Litt. Sir Richard Roos, Lancastrian Poet. Rupert Hart Davis, 1961 (z Jan.). 3 gns.

(Mrs.) E. M. Simpson, D.Phil. Sermons of John Donne (with the late G. R. Potter), vol. v, 1960, University of California Press and C.U.P. ÂŁ3 .

ARTICLES (Mrs.) 0. R. Anderson, M.A., B.Litt. 'The establishment of British supremacy at sea and the exchange of naval prisoners of war, 1689-1783', English Historical Review, January 1960. `British Governments and rebellion at sea', Historical Journal, iii (1960). `Further Light on the inner history of the Declaration of Paris', in Law Quarterly Review, July 1960.

26

(Mrs.) 0. R. Anderson, M.A., B.Litt. 'The Russian Loan of 1855: An example of economic liberalism ?', in Economica, November 1960.'

Ruth Barbour, M.A. 'Summary description of the Greek manuscripts from the library at Holkham Hall' in Bodleian Library Record, vol. vi (1960), pp. 591-613.

(Mrs.) Bohuslava Bradbrook, D.Phil. 'Letters to England from Karel apek', in The Slavonic and East European Review, vol. xxxix, no. 92, London, December 1960, pp. 61-73.

M. L. Cartwright, M.A., D.Phil., F.R.S. 'Reduction of systems of linear differential equations to Jorden normal form', in Annali di Matematica pura ed applicata iv, 51 (1960), 147-60.

M. M. Chattaway, M.A., B.Sc., D.Phil. 'The Monbuik Berry Festival' and `Starting again at 6o'. Both for Country Crafts, the Journal of the Countrywomen's Association of Victoria.

Kathleen Coburn, B.Litt. 'Coleridge: Poet into public servant', in Proceedings of the Royal Society of Canada, 1960 (some account of Coleridge's services in Malta 5804-5 as Public Secretary).

(Mrs.) P. E. C. Crampton, M.A. Translated from the German: The Blind Women, by Rainer Maria Rilke. Published in Two Cities, 15 May 1960 (La Revue Bilingue de Paris, Quarterly Review).

M. R. Cunningham, M.A. 'Crime and Conscience' in One and All for November 1960, price 6d. from N.A.S.U., 35 Queen Anne St., W. 1.

E. M. Deuchar, M.A. 'The Effect of an amino acid analog on catheptic activity in somite mesoderm of the chick embryo', in Developmental Biology, vol. ii, pp. 129-37. `Adenosine triphosphatase activity in early somite tissue of the chick embryo' and 'The effect of an amino acid analogue on ATP-ase activity in somite tissue of the chick embryo', Journal of Embryology and Exp. Morphology, vol. viii, part 4.

D. M. M. Edwards-Rees, M.A. 'New members' and 'How Real is the N.F.Y.F.C.' in The Young Farmer.

(Mrs.) Dorothy Elkins, M.A. Translation from French: 'A history of the International Geographical Union', in Orbis Geographicus, 1960. Wiesbaden.

Herma Fiedler, M.A. 'The Oxford Orchestral Society' in the musical magazine, The Strad, April 1960.

(Mrs.) N. Gorodetzky, B.Litt., M.A., D.Phil. `Zinaida Volkonsky as a Catholic', in The Slavonic and East European Review, London, December 1960, vol. xxxix, no. 92.

D. H. F. Gray, M.A. 'Linear B and Archaeology', in B.I.C.S. vi (1959) and note in B.I.C.S. vii (1960).

Jean Holmes, B.A. Paper on Velocity Fields in the penumbrae of sunspots— in print for Monthly Notices R.A.S. Betty Kemp, M.A. 'Sir Francis Dashwood's diary of his visit to St. Petersburg in 5733' in Slavonic and East European Review, vol. xxxviii, no. 90.

(Mrs.) S. H. E. Kitzinger, B.Litt. 'Conditional Philanthropy towards Coloured Students in Britain', in Phylon, vol. xxi, no. 2, Summer 1960. `Hopes and Realities', in The Cambridge Review, 21 May 1960.

D. M. Knox, M.A., B.Litt. 'The Development of the Tied House System in London', in Oxford Economic Papers, N.S. vol. x, no. 1, February 1958, Clarendon Press.

27

(Mrs.) R. J. Leys, M.A., B.Litt. 'Archbishop Blackader in Venice', in

Bollettino dell' Istituto di storia della societa e dello stato Veneziano, vol. i (1959)• (Mrs.) R. D. Malone-Barrett, B.A. Short Story, in Irish Press, 14 September 1960.

(Mrs.) H. E. Munro-Faure, M.A., B.M., B.Ch. `Necrotizing Arteritis of the Coronary Vessels in Infancy', in Pediatrics, vol. xxiii (1959), p. 914.

D. M. Nutbourne, M.A., B.Sc. 'The effect of dilution on the titratable acid in urines and acidified phosphate buffer solutions, and the correction for this effect in the determination of the rate of elimination of hydrogen ions from the body by the renal tubules', in Clin. Sci. 1960, xx. pp. 263-78. `The effect of a water diuresis on the urinary excretion of hydrogen ions in man', de Wardener H.E. in Clin. Sci. 1960, xx.

Margaret Osborn, M.A. 'Personal Relations in Work and Service', in Nursing Times, z6 August 1960.

(Mrs.) Sheila Patterson, M.A. 'A West Indian immigrant group in Britain' in Race (Journal of the Institute of Race Relations, vol. i, no. 2, May 1960).

A. C. Percival, M.A. 'James the First, Headmaster of Rugby', in Educational Review, vol. xii, no. 2, February 1960.

M. A. Priestley, B.Litt. (with Ivor Willis). 'The Ashanti kings in the eighteenth century; a revised chronology', in Journal of African History, vol. i, part i, 1960.

M. E. Reeves, M.A. 'The secular historian today', in The Christian Scholar, vol. xliii 2 (1960), pp. 91-96.

Review of The Pursuit of the Milennium by N. Cohn, in Medium iEvum, vol. xxviii. 3 (1960), pp. 225-9.

D. M. Rennie, M.A. 'The excavation of an earthwork on Rodborough Common in 1954-55', in Transactions of the Bristol and Gloucestershire Archaeological Society, vol. lxxviii, 1959• (Mrs.) H. S. Rossotti, B.Sc., M.A., D.Phil. 'Limitations of the Ligard solubility method for studying complex formation', in Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry, vol. xiii (1960), pp. 18-21. (with F. J. C. Rossotti), 'The determination of stability constants of metal ion complexes', in Proceedings of the Symposium on the Chemistry of Coordination Compounds, Agra (1959)Part II, pp. 174-89.

D. S. Russell, M.A., F.R.C.P. 'A note on cerebral medullo-epitheliomas', in J. Path. Bact. (1960), vol. lxxix, p. 403.

N. K. Sandars, B.Litt. (with M. F. S. Hood and C. L. Huxley), 'A Minoan cemetery on Upper Gypsades', in Annual of the British School at Athens,

vols. liii—liv M. J. Sargeaunt, M.A., B.Litt. 'The Puritan Element in Two Centuries of Children's Books in England', in The University Women's Review, no. 50, April 1960.

M. M. Sweeting, M.A. 'The Caves of the Buchan Area, Victoria, Australia'.

Zeit. fur Geomorphologie, 1960 (Beitrage zur Karstmorphologie).

Mrs. N. F. Takada, M.A. 'Mr. Rambler Advises', in Doshisha Women's College Annual Reports of Studies, 1959.

Tolonius of Augustan Age', ibid. 1960.

M. R. Toynbee, M.A. 'Captain Henry Isham: a friend of Pepys' (with Sir G. Isham), in Genealogists' Magazine, September 1959.

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M. R. Toynbee, M.A. 'Some Royal Stewart holidays in Oxfordshire', in The Stewarts, vol. xi, no. 2, 196o.

(Mrs.) E. H. Turner, M.A. 'Naval Medical Service, 1793-1815', in The Mariner's Mirror, vol. xlvi, no. 2, May 196o.

E. C. Vollans, M.A., B.Litt. 'The evolution of farm lands in the Central Chilterns in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries', in Transactions and Papers of the Institute of British Geographers, 1959, pp. 197-241.

(Mrs.) E. I. Young, M.A. 'The weft and the warp', in The World Federalist, vol. vii, no. 1, September 196o.

NEWS AND APPOINTMENTS OF SENIOR MEMItERS [The date of appointment is 196o unless otherwise stated. The date after each name is that of entry to the College.]

(1957), was appointed Librarian, Kokstad Library, East Griqualand, from November.

MRS. ANDERSSOHN, M.A. (G. M. James, 1942), was appointed Headmistress of Drayton Parslow School, Bletchley. s. M. ANDREWS, M.A. (1921), resigned as Deputy Head and Senior English Mistress at Tonbridge, after illness in 1959-60, and now teaches part-time in the same School.

R. E. ARTHUR, B.A. (1955), was appointed to the L.C.C. Divisional Staff from September.

D. C. ASHBY, B.A. (1957), was appointed British Assistant at the Karl RehbeinSchule in Hanau/Main, Germany, for one year.

D. E. ASHHURST, M.A. (1951), has gone to the Department of Zoology, Institute of Agriculture, University of Minnesota, U.S.A. J. A. BAILEY, M.A. (1953), entered New Hall, Cambridge, in October, to read for the Diploma in Numerical Analysis and Automatic Computing.

C. A. BAKER, M.A., S.M., B.CH. (1952), was Obstetric House Surgeon at Forest Gate Hospital from March to October. She obtained D.Obst.R.C.O.G. in October and was appointed Casualty Officer at King George V Hospital, Ilford.

MRS. BAKER, M.A. (D. K. Daniel, 1953), was appointed Secretary to the Permanent Secretary, University of Bristol Union, in January.

MRS. BALLARD, B.A. (B. A. Hamilton, 1954), is spending a year in ex-French Equatorial Africa with her husband to do research for his doctoral thesis.

MRS. BARRETT, M.A. (B. N. Coates, 1952), was appointed a teacher of Commerce at a local school, under the Middlesex County Council, in September.

MRS. BEDI, M.A. (F. M. Houlston, 1929), wrote in June: 'This last nine months has been a world on its own. In October I was asked by the Prime Minister to tour and give a report on the Tibetan refugee camps. By November I was sent on deputation to the Ministry of External Affairs as Welfare Adviser for Tibetan Refugees. I stayed six months in a bamboo but rehabilitating and looking after refugees in the Misamari; after that have P. J. M. ALLUM, B.A.

29

toured Sikkim, Katimpong and Buti; it is an experience too deep to translate into an air letter.' She received a national prize for an Urdu Children's Book, translation of Rhymes for Ranga.

MRS. BLAINEY (Joan Cooke, 1908), was appointed W.V.S. Civil Defence organizer—Herefordshire.

N. M. BLINDELL, M.A. (1953), who did refugee work in Austria and Germany from November 1959 to August 196o, is now taking a secretarial course at Pitman's College, London.

M.G. D. BOYALL, M.A. (194o), was appointed Head of the Modern Languages department at Carlyle School, London, from September.

MRS. BOYD, B.A. (J. M. Martin, 1952), has returned to Malaya after one year in North Borneo.

MRS. BRADBURY (L. F. Todd, 1904) is doing some Church work in Fairford and is active in the Women's Institute.

R. M. BROOKE, M.A. (1945), who has held the Walter Pothecary Scholarship for research in Religious Education since 1958, passed the University of London Academic Diploma in Education.

E. E. BROWNING, M.A. (1952), was appointed Administrative Assistant, Registrar's Department, University of Manchester, in October 1959.

N. P. BYRNE, B.A. (1957), was appointed Research Assistant, Chambers' Encyclopaedia Research and Information Bureau, in September.

MRS. CAMRASS, M.A. (J. C. Heslop, 1944), resigned her post at Roundhay High School, Leeds, in December. She is taking up a new appointment at a Matriculation High School in Ulverstone, Tasmania. Her husband has a position as dental officer in that town.

M. L. CARTWRIGHT, M.A., D.PHIL. (1919), was a guest of the Nigerian Government at the Independence celebrations, 26 September to 6 October, nominated by the University College, Ibadan, so that she stayed at Ibadan most of the time but also visited Kano and Zaria.

MRS. CHALKLEY, M.A. (A. M. Walker, 1930), visited Leningrad and Moscow with her husband in June.

MRS. CHORLEY, M.A. (J. E. Mayo,1948), is working on a history of seaplanes and flying boats.

MRS. CLAPHAM, M.A. (A. G. G. Lloyd, 1953), was appointed Assistant English Mistress at Beckenham Grammar School for Girls.

KATHLEEN COBURN, B.LITT. (1930), was appointed General Editor of the Collected Works of S. T. Coleridge.

MRS. COLLINS, M.A. (J. M Summers, 1935), has been Senior English Lecturer at Lincoln Diocesan Training College since 1953.

MRS. COOK, B.A. (K. M. Fitt, 1954), was appointed Administrative Assistant at the Royal Society.

JANE COX, B.A. (1956), who had a temporary post with The Economist, is now taking a secretarial course.

MRS. COZENS, B.A. (A. L. Noakes, 1953), left Sweet & Maxwell Ltd. and gave up the Assistant Editorship of the Criminal Law Review.

A. C. CREED, M.A. (195o), is teaching at a private school in Vancouver and has a part-time post at the University of British Columbia. She hopes to return to England next year via New Zealand and Australia.

MRS. CURTIS, B.A. (Sarah Myers, 1954), moved from The Times Educational Supplement in February to become a reporter on The Times.

3o

(1954), was appointed Assistant French Mistress at Camden School for Girls, London, from September.

MRS. DANCER, M.A. (D. E. Chatfield, 1942), who obtained a Diploma (postgraduate) of Social Studies, University of Southampton, in June, was appointed a Psychiatric Social Worker at the Royal Victoria Hospital, Netley, in July.

ELISABETH DAVID, M.A. (1946), was appointed to the Employee Relations Department, Esso Petroleum Company Ltd., Milford Haven.

MRS. DAVIES, M.A., B.M., B.CH. (R. S. Signy, 1950), who continues to work in the out-patients department at the San Fernando General Hospital doing pediatric and medical clinics, is President of the Family Planning Association of Trinidad and Tobago.

MARJORIE DAVIES, M.A. (1941), has a year's leave of absence from Spalding High School, September 196o to July 1961, and is reading for the Lambeth Diploma in Theology at the Rochester and Southwark Diocesan Deaconess House, Clapham Common.

R. J. DEAN, M.A., D.PHIL. (1922), expects to be in Europe, July 1961 to August 1962, on sabbatical leave.

BRENDA DICKESON, M.A. (1947), was appointed a Senior Caseworker with the Family Welfare Association in September.

MARGARET DODWELL, M.A. (1944), took A.R.C.M. (violin) in September.

MRS. DONNE, B.A. (N. A. Keys, 1923), whose husband died in 1952, has a son now at Oxford.

MRS. DONOUGHUE, B.A. (C. R. Goodman, 1954), was appointed Production Assistant, B.B.C. Schools' Television (Primary Schools' programmes) in March.

C. E. DORMER, M.A. (1921), left East Haddon Hall School, Northampton, in July.

MRS. DUNCAN, B.A. (M. C. Mogford, 1947), was appointed Lecturer in German at the Loughborough College of Further Education: she is part-time assistant French mistress at Our Lady's Convent High School, Loughborough.

MRS. EAST, M.A. (Millicent Standeven, 1938), has returned to full-time teaching and was appointed English mistress at Lilley and Stone High School for Girls, Newark, from September. s. M. EATON, M.A. (1943), left her post at the Queen's School in July and took a round-the-world trip by air with a stay in New Zealand for two months, touring and visiting schools.

MRS. ELIASHOF (P. A. Deakin, 1958), was awarded a Graduate Fellowship at Columbia University, New York, to study for a Ph.D. degree in Medical Cell Biology.

NORA ELLIOTT, M.A. (1940), was appointed Senior Housing Assistant, Cumbernauld Development Corporation, in July.

MRS. ELLMAN, M.A. (Betty Samuell, 1931), who lost her husband in May, is now working with Messrs. Mills & Boon as publishers' editor.

P. M. C. EVANS, M.A. (1931), was re-elected to the House of Laity, Church Assembly, in October.

M. J. EWERT, M.A. (195o), joined the Oxford University Press, London, in 1959, and is now working in the editorial department.

MRS. FELTES, B.A. (E. J. Watt, 1956), was a Lecturer in English Language at University College, Dublin, from January to May. H. E. DALES, B.A.

31

MRS. FESSLER, M.A.

(A. M. Arnold, 1944), was appointed a W.E.A. Tutor

(part-time).

M. Richardson, 1940), was appointed to the Science Staff of Cheltenham Ladies' College.

MRS. FLASH, M.A. (Delphine Chitty, 1936), who was married in 1942 and has two sons and one daughter, has been teaching French and some German at Colston's Girls' School, Bristol, for the past three years.

Y. A. GABELL, B.A. (1956), was appointed an Assistant-Mistress (Geography) at Norwich High School for Girls (G.P.D.S.T.) M. S. GALLOWAY, M.A. (1950), was appointed Editorial Secretary and Translator with the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, Brussels, in January.

MRS. GARRETT, M.A. (H. L. Coates, 1937), continues occasional radio work and book-reviewing in the Christchurch Press. In February she was the first woman to serve on a jury in a criminal case in New Zealand (where jury service for women is voluntary) and during a second case she was foreman of the jury. She will be visiting England with her husband in 1961.

MRS. GATH, M.A., B.M., B.CH. (A. M. Lewis, 1953), was appointed House Physician in Paediatrics, Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading.

MRS. GORODETZKY (Yates Lecturer 1942), M.A., B.LITT., D.PHIL., was elected President of the British Universities Association of Slavists 1959-60, reelected April 1960—I. MRS. GRAY, B.A. (M. S. Viner, 1944), was appointed an independent member of the Brush and Broom Wages Council in 1958 and of the Ostrich, Artificial Flower and Fancy Feather Wages Council in 196o. She is continuing, parttime, her practice at the Bar in Hampshire.

MRS. L. GREEN, M.A. (June Burdett, 1944), has been compering Woman's Hour from the North, B.B.C., once a month.

MRS. GREGORY, M.A. (Anita Kohsen, 1945), writes that in the summer of 1960 the Institute for the Study of Mental Images installed its own printing press, the Gaily Hill Press.

M. E. L. GRIFFITHS, M.A. (1936), was appointed Senior History Mistress, Berkhamsted School for Girls, Herts., in September 1958.

MRS. HALL, M.A. (B. M. Henderson 1945), is doing a year's part-time teaching in a Secondary Modern School for Girls in Oldbury, and several evening courses for the W.E.A. on the Citizen and the Law. M. HAMPDEN-JACKSON, M.A. (1936), has been a tutor to the Beechlawn Tutorial College (Miss Keyes-Young), Oxford, since 1955.

MRS. HARDIE, M.A. (P. M. C. Uhde, 1946), sailed out to join her husband in Aden in November to be met with the news that he was being sent home on medical grounds, and after 1I days in Aden she sailed back.

F. W. HARE, M.A. (1927), was elected Secretary of the Midland Branch of the Association of Headmistresses.

MRS. HARRIS (Evelyn Phipps, 1912), is leaving South Africa and after June 1961 will be living at Devizes.

MRS. HARRIS, M.A., B.M., B.CH. (T. E. Zaiman, 1945), who passed the Conjoint D.P.M. examination in December, was reappointed Registrar at Bethlem Royal and Maudsley Hospitals till 31 March 1961.

LILIAN HARRISON, M.A. (1929), has been Senior English mistress at the High School, Normanton, Yorks., since September 1958.

MRS. FITZPATRICK, M.A., B.SC. (J.

32

(1955), was appointed Assistant Classics mistress at Bromley High School, Kent.

A. M. HEDLEY, M.A. (1934), was appointed Headmistress of Worthing High School for Girls from September.

MRS. HEMMING, M.A. (J. M. E. Fortescue-Foulkes, 1942), will be leaving Kenya and going with her husband and two sons to Hargeisa, Somali Republic, in August 1961 until February 1962, when they return to England on six months' leave.

J. M. HEPBURN, M.A. (1940), was appointed to the Royal Naval Barracks, Devonport, in May. v. J. HODGES, B.A. (1954), who spent two months in Greece in the summer teaching English at a school in Patras, was appointed H.M. Inspector of Factories in the South London district from September.

JEAN HOLMES, B.A. (1956), is a research student at the University Observatory, Oxford.

CECILY HORNBY, M.A. (1935), is still working as a Psychiatric Social Worker, but moved to the Victoria Children's Hospital, Chelsea.

MRS. HORNIBROOK, M.A. (Margaret Hemstock, 1918), had an oil-painting hung in the Royal Academy, 1960.

M. A. HOUGHTON, B.A. (1957), is a Research Student at St. Hugh's.

R. M. HOWARD, M.A. (1936), was appointed Administrative Assistant, Food Manufacturers' Federation Inc. from March 196o to succeed as Section Secretary from April 1961.

K. A. M. JACKMAN, M.A. (1941), was promoted to be Head of the Modern Language department at Fairfield Grammar School, Bristol.

EDITH JACKSON, M.A. (1934), was appointed acting Inspector of Education (Women), Northern Nigeria, in November.

MRS. JAMES, M.A. (Z. M. Diggines, 1939), was appointed a Magistrate in the County of Norfolk in January.

MRS. JARMAN, M.A., D.PHIL. (R. M. Lodge, 1941), was appointed Assistant Lecturer, Harrow Technical College, from September.

MRS. JOHNSON, M.A. (H. J. M. Annett, 1936), is doing voluntary work for the National Association for Mental Health.

MRS. JOHNSON, M.A. (Y. E. I. Williams, 1926), the wife of a hill sheep farmer on Exmoor, has two sons and two daughters and her second son is now a Scholar at Exeter College, Oxford.

MRS. JONES, B.A. (E. E. Langridge, 1955), was appointed History mistress at Gravesend Grammar School for Girls from September.

GLENDA M. JONES, M.A. (1952), was appointed Head of the English department at St. Stephen's Girls' College, Hong Kong.

R. J. JONES, B.A. (1955), was appointed Assistant English mistress at St. Mary's School, Calne, from September.

MRS. KAGAN, M.A. (I. L. Echt, 1946), received an M.S. degree in Library Service from Columbia University, New York, in February.

MRS. KEARNS, M.A. (Betty Broadbent, 1941), has returned to London after three years in Newcastle upon Tyne.

Al. M. KERSHAW, B.A. (1954), was appointed an Assistant Mistress at Harrogate College from September.

MRS. KIPLING, M.A., B.M., B.CH. (J. W. Hollins, 1942), was appointed Locum Medical officer to Students Health Service, University of Hull, in 1959.

GILLIAN HAYES

33

(1956), was appointed Assistant Mathematics mistress at the Blyth School, Norwich, from September.

D. M. KNOX, M.A., B.LITT. (1948), was appointed Mathematics Lecturer at the Digby Stuart Training College, Roehampton, in 1958.

L. F. LIMPUS, B.A. (1923), was appointed a Governor of Ferndown County Modern School, Dorset.

M. R. LUNT, M.A., D.PHIL. (1951), was appointed to the Scientific Staff of the Medical Research Council Unit for Research in Cell Metabolism, Department of Biochemistry, Oxford.

MRS. LUSCOMBE, M.A., B.M., B.CH. (A. C. M. Wickham, 1948), was appointed part-time medical officer, Blood Transfusion Service, from December.

G. A. P. MABERLY, B.A. (1957), was appointed a Vocational Guidance officer with Middlesex County Council.

ENID D. MCLEOD, M.A. (1915), was promoted from the rank of Chevalier to that of Officier de la Legion d'Honneur, by the French Government, in June.

MRS. MAITLIS, M.A. (Marion Basco, 1952), was appointed Head of the English Department at the Hunt Memorial School, Freeville, New York.

MRS. MALONE-BARRETT, B.A. (R. D. Volkert, 1921), was Housemother at Court Lees Approved School for Boys from January to July 1959.

Al. G. MARSHALL, M.A. (1953), was appointed to the staff of U.G.S. Settlement (Union of Girls' Schools for Social Service), London, S.E. 15, from August.

E. N. MARTIN, M.A. (1922), was one of two Canadian Delegates to U.N.E.S.C.O. Asia-Pacific Area Seminar on 'The Museum as a Cultural Centre in the Development of the Community', Tokyo, Japan, 4 to 3o September.

MRS. MIDGLEY, B.A. (C. A. Gaminara, 1934), is now in Holland where her husband is Commercial Counsellor to H.M. Ambassador.

MRS. MORDA EVANS, M.A. (C. M. Gernos Davies, 1938), was a Lecturer in English for Foreigners at Guildford Technical College from January to July, before moving to Yorkshire in September.

MRS. MOREY, B.A. (L. A. Dalton, 1955), has a post as Assistant Editor, Bureau of Business Research, Indiana University, while her husband is working on his Ph.D. B. M. C. MORGAN, B.A. (1921), was elected a Fellow of the Linnean Society in April.

MRS. MORGAN, M.A. (Mary Evans, 1947), has returned to England, after six removals in eight years.

MRS. MURRAY, B.A. (B. J. Godfrey, 1956), was appointed Statistical Assistant in Scottish Agricultural Industries Ltd. MRS. NEWMAN, B.A. (A. E. Page, 1954), was teaching at Roundwood Park Secondary Modern School from April to August and is now teaching at Birklands School, St. Albans, Herts.

MRS. NIEBUHR, M.A. (U. M. Keppel-Compton, 1926), is continuing her academic work at Barnard College, though her husband retired from his Professorship at the Union Theological Seminary in June. She is looking forward to a sabbatical next year.

D. M. NUTBOURNE, M.A., B.SC. (1943), was appointed acting Tutor at Newnham College in October.

MRS. PACEY, M.A. (M. M. McIsack, t927), who is Deputy Headmistress at the Bluecoat School, Oldham, Lancs., has two daughters, one 21 and one 12.

W. A. KITCHEN, B.A.

34

(S. M. V. Runganadan, 1941), is Woman Correspondent for Span. She and her husband return to England for good in June 1961.

H. A. PALING, B.A. (1955), was appointed Assistant Personnel officer, Simon Carver Ltd., Cheshire.

YOLANDE PATERSON, M.A. (195o), was appointed Senior Geography mistress at Reigate County School for Girls from September.

MRS. PATTERSON, M.A. (Sheila Pridmore, 1936), was appointed Newsletter Editor, Institute of Race Relations, London.

JENNIFER PEARSON, B.A. (1955), has been a clinical student at St. Mary's Hospital Medical School, Paddington, since April.

PAULA PEDLAR, M.A. (1943), was appointed Administrative Assistant, National Federation of Community Associations.

MRS. PEILE, B.A. (F. 0. W. Hoare, 1928), was appointed part-time teacher of English and Religious Instruction at Tapton Secondary (Modern) School, Sheffield.

MRS. PICKSLEY, B.A. (Ann Finding, 1952), is going to Burma in 1961 with her husband who has an appointment there for four years. They will be living in Rangoon.

JUNE PORTER, B.A. (1956), was appointed History mistress at Materi Dei College for Girls, Welwyn Garden City.

JOANPOTTER, M.A. (195o), entered Ridgelands Bible College, Bexley, in October, for a two-year training.

MRS. POTTER, B.A. (V. E. Houghton, 1917), exhibits in the Crafts Centre of Great Britain.

MRS. POWELL, M.A. (A. H. Johnson, 1939), has been working as part-time assistant to her husband, the Editor of the Victoria County History of Essex, since September 1959.

J. M. PYE, M.A. (1936), who was Private Secretary to Sir John Cockcroft during his appointment as Director of A.E.R.E. Harwell 1952-9, was appointed to the staff of Group Records office, A.E.R.E. in the Higher Executive officer grade.

MRS. RACE, M.A. (E. M. Carabine, 1952), finished teaching in Coventry in November when she moved to Braintree, Essex, where her husband was transferred.

A. C. RASHLEIGH, B.A. (1956), was appointed junior Classical mistress at Bishop Strachan School, Toronto, Canada, from September.

M. E. REEVES, M.A. (1923), was a member of the Committee which produced the Crowther Report, i.e. the Central Advisory Council of the Ministry of Education. From September to December she was in the United States on a lecture tour of Liberal Arts Colleges sponsored by the Association of American Colleges. v. B. C. F. RHYS DAVIDS, B.A. (1915), was elected Chairman of Banstead Urban District Council (her second term of office).

MRS. RIDLER, M.A. (A. M. Morris, 1953), has been teaching full time at Faringdon Girls' Grammar School, since April.

MRS. RICHARDS, M.A. (A. M. James, 195o), has now left Nigeria as her husband has taken a post in Leeds.

M. M. RIGBY, B.LITT. (1949), British Editor of the Annual Bibliography of English Language and Literature, was appointed General Editor for the 196o and following volumes.

MRS. PADFIELD, M.A.

35

D. Peacock, 1951), was Pathology Assistant in Morbid Anatomy at the London Hospital from March to August, and from September a part-time assistant in a general practice in Bletchley in which her husband is an assistant.

MRS. ROBERTS, M.A. (G. M. Jolliffe, 1939), was appointed a part-time Lecturer in English at the Welsh College of Advanced Technology and Liberal Studies, Cardiff.

MRS. ROBINSON, B.A. (S. E. Kelly, 1955), was appointed Assistant History mistress at Solihull High School for Girls from September 1959.

PROFESSOR D. S. RUSSELL, F.R.C.P. (M.A. 1942), was elected an Honorary Fellow of Girton College, Cambridge. s. V. RYMER, M.A. (1947), left Battersea Comprehensive School and will be teaching History and Scripture at St. Hilda's School, Ootacamund, S. India, a small school for European and Indian children, for two years from February 1961.

M. J. SARGEAUNT, M.A., B.LITT. (1922), was elected President of the London Association of University Women from July.

MRS. SCOTT, M.A. (Margaret Millington, 1944), was appointed part-time Psychiatric Social Worker at Warlingham Park Hospital, Surrey, from August.

K. W. SCOULAR, M.A., D.PHIL. (1951), was appointed Lecturer in English at Scottish Church College, Calcutta, in 1957. She broadcasts on All India Radio on English Literature.

M. G. SHIELL (1948) has been Director of Studies at Kirby Lodge (coaching school), Cambridge, since September 1959.

MRS. SINKER, M.A. (J. M. Bullen, 1945), went in October with her husband and three children to Adelaide, South Australia, where her husband has taken an engineering appointment with the government.

I. D. SMITH, M.A. (1915), retired from the City of London School in 1959 and is now doing part-time coaching at Bendixens.

E. M. STRONG, M.A. (1919), retired from general practice at the end of 196o.

MRS. SYKES, B.A. (M. J. Whicher, 1921), was appointed a Probation Officer at Taunton, Somerset, from September.

A. H. F. TENNENT, M.A. (1951), was appointed Assistant Librarian at Royal Holloway College from July.

MRS. THOM (E. A. Jeffrey, 1927), has moved to another house in Colchester since her husband's death in January.

MRS. THOMSON, M.A. (P. B. Davies, 1939), wrote that the new Vicarage and Church Hall for Chelsea Old Church was nearly finished and they hoped to be in it about the middle of January 1961.

D. M. THORNTON, M.A. (1934), was a United Nations Delegate to a conference, in October, on the rehabilitation of the physically disabled sponsored by the World Health Organization and gave a paper on the role of the social worker in the rehabilitation team.

MRS. THORNTON, B.A. (R. G. Cole, 1956), has been Physics teacher at Cleveland Grammar School, Redcar, Yorks., since September 1959.

D. R. TITHERIDGE, M.A. (1948), was appointed Lecturer in Zoology and Physics at Kinnaird College, Lahore, West Pakistan.

ANN TOLANSKY, B.A. (1957), is doing a six-months' secretarial course at Davies' Secretarial College, London.

MRS. RIVETT, M.A., B.M., B.CH. (J.

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(M. V. Blake, 1939), was appointed French mistress at Old Vicarage School, Richmond, Surrey.

E. R. W. UNMACK, M.A. (1915), retired from her work as Educational Psychologist at St. George's Hospital and Consultant Psychologist to the National Children's Home, and is now doing voluntary work with the Association for Research in Infant and Child Development at the Child Development Research Centre, London, N.W. 3.

E. A. VIGAR, B.A. (1954), was appointed Computer Programmer in the Engineering Mathematics Department at A.E.I., Rugby, in September.

MRS. WALKER, B.A. (S. H. M. Wilson, 1935), has been Senior Mistress at Ruffwood Comprehensive School, Kirkby, near Liverpool, since September 1959.

E. M. WALLACE, M.A. (1908), has now settled in England and will not be returning to South Africa.

A. E. WARD, B.A. (1956), was appointed Assistant History mistress at Wyggeston Girls' School, Leicester.

MRS. WARRELL-BOWRING, M.A. (N. M. Windross, 1943), will be living in Norway for two years as her husband has been appointed O.E.E.C. representative for the U.K.A.E.A. Winfrith at the boiling water reactor project, Halden.

B. J. WATCYN-WILLIAMS, M.A. (1946), was appointed Headmistress of the Grammar School for Girls, Bridgend, Glam., from January 1961.

C. E. WATSON, B.A. (1921), took up a secretarial post in Chipping Campden, in November.

B. J. WEST, M.A., B.M., B.CH. (1949), is a General Practitioner at Gorleston-onSea, Norfolk.

MRS. WIGG, M.A. (M. A. Brown, 1950), was appointed an Assistant Mistress at Shrewsbury High School from September.

Al. E. WILKINSON, M.A. (1944), spent six months in Geneva on loan to the Secretariat of the European Free Trade Association. She has now returned to the Secretaries' office of the Customs and Excise, where she is concerned with the day-to-day work of E.F.T.A. from a U.K. point of view.

VANESSA WILLIAMS, B.A. (1956), was appointed Junior History mistress at Bartley Green Girls' Grammar School, Birmingham, from September.

M. A. WOODING, B.A. (1958), was appointed an Administrative Assistant, Federal Public Service, West Indies.

MRS. WOOF, M.A. (P. S. Moore, 1950), was appointed a teaching Fellow at Victoria College, University of Toronto.

E. M. WRIGHT, M.A. (1941), received 'the Archbishop's commission to teach Theology' from the Archbishop of Canterbury.

M. M. WROTTELSEY, B.A. (1926), was transferred to the headquarters of the Wages Inspectorate, Ministry of Labour, in February.

MRS. YOUNG, M.A. (E. I. Marshall, 1936), was appointed an examiner (honorary) for the Commonwealth Knowledge Badge and the International Knowledge Badge, Girl Guides, Surrey.

E. R. ZIMAN, M.A. (1947), who has been on the staff of the University of London Library since 195o, is now a Chief Library Assistant.

MRS. TREHEARNE

37

College has no known address for the following Members, and the Principal's Secretary would be grateful for any news.

L. I. G. Bickmore (1906-9) Mrs. Blakey (M. L. Wright) (1919-22) Mrs. Bown (M. E. Prichard) (1919-22) F. E. Bramley (1937-40) Mrs. Clutterbuck (B. A. Bristow) (1942-5) Mrs. Cooke (J. M. Dutton) (1943-6) Mrs. Doran (G. M. Ziar) (1941-4) Mrs. Godwin (E. J. Hackshaw) (1924-7) J. 0. Harries (1938-41) I. R. G. Hart (1909-12) Mrs. Hartcup (A. A. E. Levinson) (1936-4o) G. H. Johnstone (1919-22) N. P. Littlewood (194o-3) E. Mason (1935-8) Mrs. Shewell (I. M. Miles) (1939-42) Mrs. Stewart (M. I. Hodgkins) (1943-6) J. 0. Stovin (1933-6) E. M. Watson (1922-5)

THE

SCHOLARSHIPS FOR POSTGRADUATE WORK THE B.F.U.W. and the I.F.U.W. offer each year for competition amongst members certain Scholarships and Fellowships that enable the holders to undertake research work abroad, mostly for an academic year, or occasionally for a shorter period to complete a piece of work; there is also available each year a Scholarship at Crosby Hall, the B.F.U.W.'s Club House in London.

Particulars may be obtained from: The Secretary, British Federation of University Women, 17A, Kings Road, London, S.W. 3

UNIVE SITIES IN WESTERN GERMANY

A

RECENT article in the Rheinische Merkur on the future of the universities in Western Germany, begins by telling of Le Corbusier's advice at the end of the war to the assembled councillors and architectural experts of Vienna when he was asked how he would rebuild the city. His advice was to pull down what was left and build a modern 'Vienna of the Future' north of the Danube. It is surprising to read in this article that the idea of reforming the whole of the university system in Germany—of 'pulling down' and beginning again by modelling the new system on foreign patterns—has been seriously entertained. And it is difficult to see how this could ever come about, even if it were desirable. The radical nature of the suggestion, which would include important changes in the methods of appointment and promotion, indicates that for a number of people the problems facing the universities are insuperable under the present system.

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At present the universities are obliged to matriculate any person who has obtained the `Abitur', the school-leaving examination, and set no limits on the number of students who may be accepted at any one university. Freedom of movement for the student from one university to another during his course has not been curtailed, and there is no equivalent of a First Public Examination which could be used to exclude the weak student. The result is that a professor does not know how many students he will have from one semester to another, although in the popular subjects like German and English he can usually count on a constant increase, especially in the winter semester (which runs from November until the end of February). Officially, then, there is no numerus clausus, except in seven of the eight technical high schools, but in practice there are certain limiting factors. In the sciences, for example, laboratory space naturally determines the number of students who can be admitted for the semester. In the arts subjects lectures are open to everyone, but the numbers who may take part in seminars are restricted, although the restriction varies widely from one subject to another. In Munich, for example, in the academic year 1959-60, the proseminar (for less advanced students) and seminar were limited to thirty-five in the English Department. In the Department of German, the proseminar was limited to ninety, and the seminar to fifty or sixty. In the Department of History, Professor Schnabel admitted two hundred to one of his seminars. The seminar as a method of teaching implies personal contact between teacher and students. Each member of the seminar should produce during the term an extended piece of work on some aspect of the course and have it discussed either privately by the professor or lecturer, or openly by his fellow students as well, after he has read it as a paper. A seminar of two hundred can hardly be called 'restricted', and a great number of the members of such a seminar may prove to be 'passengers', merely listening to the first few rows who are taking an active part. Nobody regards this as ideal. For the upper seminars there is usually a kind of entrance examination, and in addition to this the professor selects students for his seminar by interview. The crossing of this hurdle is essential for those who intend to proceed to the State Examination or to the Doctorate (the alternative ways of concluding one's university study). Unfortunately I have no statistics of the number of students who have not completed their studies, but there is, of course, no compulsion upon them to do so. A man may study by himself and attend lectures without going to seminars at all if he merely wants to taste university life for a few years and leave it at that. Normally it takes between four and six years to complete a course of studies, but more than half the students are earning the money for their course as they go along, and this may lengthen the time they spend at the university. (Only 25 per cent. of students are in receipt of grants.) Overcrowding may also have the result of lengthening the time of study.

The problem of increasing numbers is particularly acute in the larger universities such as Munich, Hamburg, Kiel, Cologne, Munster, and Aachen.

In 1958 the number of students matriculated in Munich was 16,154; in 1959 and in 596o the numbers of students matriculated were respectively 18,400 and 20,000. The increase in the Department of English has been approximately two hundred a year for the last three years, and in 1959-60 over 1,150 students were studying English with a staff of two professors and twenty lecturers and assistants (some of these part-time). This was a very reasonable proportion compared with the situation in the department of German, where 39

there were fewer teachers available for the 1,600 students, and where there were places for only 120 of these 1,600 in the seminar library and reading rooms. In the English Department the classes for prose composition and translation work on all levels are usually between 5o and zoo, making the labour of correcting very heavy if the work is taken in. The groups for English conversation are limited to 12 or 15 (which usually means that between 2o-5o people who want to join the class are excluded). Tutorial groups of 15-20 are designed to encourage the less advanced students in informal discussion of texts, and in the German Department the seminars are so full that the students who fail to achieve a place are directed into the tutorial groups. These are a very useful supplementary form of teaching, but, unlike the proseminar and seminar, do not provide the student with a certificate at the end of the semester, and these certificates are an essential part of his qualification for the final stage of his study. (They also accompany him as he moves from one university to another, and give an idea of his progress.) The tutorial group can therefore in no way be regarded as a substitute for the seminar. It is quite regular in Munich for lectures to be attended by i,000 or more students, especially in the Departments of English, German, and History, but the large halls can accommodate the numbers. Last year Professor Schnabel's lectures on modern Germany, with a full and fascinating account of the rise of Hitler, filled the Auditorium Maximum for two consecutive four-month semesters.

There are at present eighteen universities in Western Germany and eight technical high schools (compared with twenty-three universities and ten technical high schools in 1937 in the whole of Germany for a smaller number of students than the present total). The total number of students in Western Germany in 196o was estimated at 200,000, of whom more than to per cent. were from abroad. (Germany is very generous in its intake of foreign students.)

By 1965 the total number of students at a moderate estimate will be 230,000 and some say 26o,000. The problems of numbers, of teaching-staff, and of organization have been publicized widely during the last few years, and the tone of the discussion in the press has been urgent, critical, and often despairing. In November 196o the Wissenschaftsrat (an advisory commission for the development of higher education in Germany) published its recommendations for a policy of expansion, new building and increase in teaching-staff.

It has decided against a policy of restriction or radical reform, and recommends that three new universities and one technical high school should be created in the course of the next four years, and planned in such a way as to relieve the pressure on the overcrowded universities. How this is to be achieved is not clear. One feels that new universities in, for instance, Bremen, the Ruhr, Constance, Regensburg, or Ulm would not necessarily attract students away from cities like Munich, which offers first-class theatre and opera and fine art-galleries, and where the mountains are within easy reach.

Financially the universities have always been the responsibility of the Liinder (for instance Bavaria supports Munich University, Hessen supports Marburg, Nordrhein-Westfalen Munster University, and so on). There have been grants to the universities from the state in recent years—in 1958 these amounted to approximately one-thirtieth of the amount spent by the Lander A —but now the Wissenschaftsrat has proposed that 5o per cent. of the cost of new buildings and of new universities should be borne by the state, and this would be an interesting innovation. If the recommendations of the Wissenschaftsrat for augmenting teaching-staff were adopted, the Lander would have 40

to spend 71 per cent. more per annum in stipends than they are doing at present.

The type of appointments in the universities is also under discussion. It is difficult to make comparisons between the posts in British and in German universities. Between the full professor and the associate professor at the top, and the assistant on the lowest level, there is the Dozent, who has qualified for his academic career by Habilitation a stringent process which commands great respect, as indeed it should. Since the process of Habilitieren is so demanding, there are too few Dozenten, and besides this, Germany is still suffering the effects of losing a great number of university teachers before and during the war. In some departments there are posts which rank higher than that of assistant, but these, like the post of assistant, are usually not permanent appointments. The position of Dozent is regarded as the ante-room to a professorship, and there seems to be no equivalent for the type of post which we have in our universities, where there are different kinds of lecturerships and a scale of promotion. The permanent posts are Beamtenstellen (like Civil Service appointments), whereas the assistants are appointed by the professor and are answerable only to him. The scarcity of teachers on the middle rungs of the ladder usually forces the professor to appoint more and more young assistants to help him run the classes, to organize the library, and to give advice on courses to the newly arrived students; what he really needs is more lecturers of senior standing to whom he could delegate some of the more complicated problems of organization. Thus the professor and the Dozent are usually over-burdened, for they are, as well, involved every year in all the `finals' examining, for which assistants are of course not qualified.

It is interesting to note the reactions of the writer of a leading article in Die Zeit of last December to the proposal of the Wissenschaftsrat that the number of intermediate posts between assistant and professor should be increased. He asked whether it would be possible to ensure that these 'middle posts', that is those below the rank of Dozent, would carry the necessary academic prestige. (This indicates the importance of the Habilitation. It is in fact easier for a young assistant lecturer in this country to feel that he is established as a university teacher as soon as he is appointed.) The second question raised was this: would not the broadening of the basis of appointments raise a further barrier between the student and his professor ? This suggests some unfortunate assumptions, for example, that assistants and lecturers somehow operate as screens to hide the professor from the student, and that it is not worth increasing the student's chance of being known as an individual to a university teacher who is not a professor. I have not met with either of these ideas in the university departments with which I have had close contact. My experience is that more is done to ensure personal contact with the student than one would have believed possible with such numbers.

It will be interesting to watch the developments in the West German universities in the next few years. There will be, I think, a number of university teachers determined to keep the standards high, and to find some way of eliminating those students who, by common consent of the department, should never have been allowed to matriculate. There will probably be an equally determined attempt to affirm the student's right to remain at the university once he is there.

Munich itself could be seen as the symbol of a stage of transition: part of the building is being pulled down as other parts are being put up. The vibra—

41

tion of drills and the thud of falling masonry threaten to obliterate the wisdom of those who cannot produce their voices, and there is no guarantee that a department will remain where it is for long. The liveliness and determination of teachers and students under such difficult conditions is impressive, and after my experience of a year of teaching in the university of Munich, I should like to record that nowhere could I have met with colleagues who were more courteous and kind, and with students who were more eager to learn and understand.

MARGARET JACOBS

42

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