Christmas Cards Exchange… Sharing our traditions Creative Classroom Group
In this booklet you can find about the Cultural Heritage of different countries during Christmas and New Year’s Day. A big thanks to all the members of Creative Classroom Group, who shared their traditions and sent their festive wishes to their colleagues!
Tradition: Vasilopita Origin: Greece Vasilopita (Greek: Βασιλόπιτα, Vasilópita, lit. '(St.) Basil-pie' or 'king pie', see below) is a New Year's Day bread or cake in Greece, which contains a hidden coin, which gives good luck to the receiver.
It is associated with Saint Basil's day, January 1, in most of Greece, but in some regions, the traditions surrounding a cake with a hidden coin are attached to Epiphany or to Christmas. It is made of a variety of dough, depending on regional and family tradition, including tsoureki.
Сhristmas tradition - Bulgaria In Bulgaria, it is an important part of Christmas Eve preparations. Traditionally а young man of the family was sent dressed in his best clothes to cut down an oak, elm, or pear tree. That tree is used as the Budnik (Бъдник). A prayer for forgiveness was necessary before it could be chopped down and carried on one's right shoulder as it is not allowed to touch the ground. An indication of the importance of the ritual is that Christmas Eve translates to Budnik or Budnik Eve (Бъдни вечер) in Bulgaria.
ĐĄhristmas tradition - Bulgaria Bulgaria's Christmas Eve is celebrated, for best adherence to tradition, with an odd number of guests who dine on a a meal likewise consisting of an odd number of dishes. This rich vegetarian meal, which encourages abundance in the coming year, includes grains, vegetables such as stuffed peppers, fruits, and nuts. Another special aspect of the the Bulgarian Christmas Eve meal is “bogovitsaâ€? the special round and decorated loaf of bread, into which has coin in it. The person who finds the coin will be rewarded with good fortune. Koledari, or Christmas carolers, go from house to house through villages. These groups of carolers are typically made up of young men dressed in traditional costumes which vary from region to region. Some preparation goes into the koledari's performances, which begin at midnight on Christmas Eve. This tradition is said to protect against evil spirits. The koledari are rewarded with food in return for their services.
New Year in Bulgaria The Survakane is a tradition where the younger members of the family such as children and grandchildren, pat the elders on their backs while making wishes for their health and prosperity. The patting is usually done with a stick and is signifies good times to come the following year.
CROATIA : božićna pšenica But, grown-ups have their customs on this day, too! Mothers – or, sometimes, daughters – plant wheat grains, usually in a round dish, which is known as Christmas wheat ( božićna pšenica). What's more, people in some regions plant Christmas wheat even earlier – on St. Barbara's day, 4th December, so that the wheat could grow even taller before Christmas. It's believed that the taller the wheat grows, the more prosperous the coming year will be. This tradition dates back to times when agriculture was the main economic activity and is connected with fertility cult. By Christmas Eve, the wheat, now hopefully tall, green and beautiful, is tied with a ribbon in red, white and blue – the colours of the Croatian flag.
Sveti Nikola (St. Nicholas’ Day) tradition in CROATIA 6th December Croatians love giving gifts and Sveti Nikola marks the beginning of the gift-giving season in December. On the eve of St. Nicholas' Day, children polish their boots and leave them on the window sill, hoping that St. Nicholas will bring them gifts, usually sweets. But those children who weren't good, polite and obedient to their parents get sticks instead! St. Nicholas is accompanied by Krampus, a hairy demon. While Nicholas rewards the good children, it's Krampus who leaves sticks for the children who behaved badly so that their parents can discipline them!
St. Nicholas & Krampus
CHRISTMAS TRADITION IN CROATIA People put hay under the table as a reminder of the conditions Jesusu was born in, to remind themselves to be modest in life.
CHRISTMAS TRADITIONS IN CZECH REPUBLIC http://www.myczechrepublic.com/czech_culture/czech_holidays/christmas _superstitions.html
CROATIAN CHRISTMAS WISHES https://www.croatia-times.com/like-croatia/christmas-traditions-in-croatia/
The Throwing of the Shoe-Czechia According to one popular superstition, girls are supposed to throw a shoe at Christmas. It’s a tradition to toss a shoe or a slipper over their shoulder with their back to the door. If the shoe lands pointing at the door, they will soon be married. When the shoe points in the opposite direction, the girl will remain single for at least another year.
Also, all women should get a kiss under the mistletoe to have love guaranteed throughout the next year.
GOLDEN PIGLET ON THE WALL CZECH CUSTOM Some people fast during Christmas Eve in the hope that they will see a vision of 'the golden pig' appear on the wall before dinner! This is meant to be a sign of good luck!
Christmas traditions in Czech republic In the Czech republic, they have many Christmas traditions‌ For example cutting an apple in half - if there is a star inside, you ‘ll have a happy year.
TRADITION: Joulu sauna from FINLAND The Christmas sauna is a Finnish Christmas tradition. It was the most important event for the Finns at Christmas, which was prepared with devotion and care. The Christmas sauna has been part of the celebration of the Finnish farmer over the centuries Before dinner a traditional joulu sauna is heated up for cleaning up and calming down for Christmas celebration.
Traditions in Finland
Christmas Tradition in France- Calendrier de l’ Avent (Advent Calendar) The period of four weeks before Christmas is dedicated to preparations for this big feaste. On 1 December children open their first ‘window/door’ in the Advent calendar. This French Christmas tradition makes kids even more excited about upcoming Christmas events. The original version of the Advent Calendar contained images. But nowadays, the modern ones are filled with toys and chocolates. (source: French moments: https://www.google.com/search?hl=gb&gl=gr&tbm=isch&q=Christmas%20traditions%20% 20in%20France&gs#imgrc=Dia5J-MrIP911M)
Christmas in Ceorgia In Georgia, Christmas is celebrated on the 7th January. On Christmas Day, many people will go on a 'Alilo', a parade in the streets. They are dressed in special clothes and costumes to celebrate Christmas. Some people carry Georgian flags and others might be dressed as people from the Christmas story. Children like taking part in the Alilo as they're often given sweets! Carols are sung and they vary across the country. Many of the songs and carols sung during the Alilo include these words: “ოცდახუთსა დეკემბერსა, ქრისტე იშვა ბეთლემსაო’” (osdakhutsa dekembersa qriste ishva betlemsao) which means “on 25th December Christ was born in Bethlehem”.
In Georgian Happy/Merry Christmas is 'გილოცავ შობა-ახალ წელს' (gilocav shoba-akhal c’els). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qlYuJR7iAyg
Christmas in Germany Christmas in Germany is celebrated with many traditions that are unique to Germany. Christmas celebrates the birth of the Christ child, Baby Jesus. The German festive season starts at the end of November or early December with the Advent celebrations. On the 6th of December, families celebrate Saint Nicholas Day. Often a 'real' Saint Nicholas, dressed in the red coat and hat and wearing a white beard -to disguise the father of family friend- and sometimes even his fearsome helper 'Knecht Ruprecht', who is dressed in black, come to the homes with young children. They come to ask the children if they have been good all year and also bring small gifts to the good children and to reprimand the naughty ones.
Adventskalender- Germany An adventskalender is a special calendar used to count the days of Advent in anticipation of Christmas. It was first used by German Lutherans in the 19th and 20th centuries. Traditional Advent calendars feature the manger scene, Saint Nicholas and winter weather, while others range in theme, from sports to technology. Many Advent calendars take the form of a large rectangular card with "windows", one for each day of December leading up to and including Christmas Eve (December 24). The calendar windows open to reveal an image, a poem, a portion of a story (such as the story of the Nativity of Jesus), or a small gift, such as a toy or a chocolate item.
Christmas tree - tradition in GREECE Christmas Trees are popular in Greece. The first known Christmas tree in Greece was in 1833 and was set-up by King Otto next to a large decorated boat. Over time, especially in the late 20th century, decorated Christmas trees became more popular than decorating a boat. But now having a boat as well as a tree is becoming more popular!
Greece - Karavakia (Christmas Boat) Christmas boats in Greece, known in Greek as karavakia, are the most traditional symbols during the holidays. Greece has always been a nation of sailors. Men worked away at sea for long periods. Families celebrate their return by decorating wooden boats. It was a special way of saying welcome home. Wooden boats adorned with lights and ornaments became a custom during holidays. Also, Greek island children went door to door with these wooden boats happily singing Greek Christmas carols. Neighbours would drop in little treats inside each boat, like sweets or candy, as they sang.
Breaking the pomegranate A Greek New Year’s Eve custom Pomegranate, this bloody red ancient fruit, has been the symbol of fertility and prosperity for thousands of years in Greece and Greek mythology.During Christmas time in Greece you see pomegranates everywhere. Hanging on the doors at houses , in shops’ decorations and some of them are real fruits some of them are silver, gold, brass with glitter, painted in red etc. But breaking a pomegranate on the floor is really a strange custom.
BREAKING THE POMEGRANATE - GREECE “Spasimo Rodiou” Just before 12 o’clock on New Year’s Eve, all the lights in the house are turned off, thus symbolizing the old year that passes. When the clock strikes 12, someone in the house breaks a pomegranate by throwing it on the doorstep. The red seeds that come out of the fruit represent the luck of the New Year and they say that the more seeds get on the floor the luckier the people in the house will be. If someone gets a red spot by the fruit’s juice they will be very luck that year.
This tradition came to them from ancient times. The fact that the pomegranate from the Greeks symbolizes good luck, fertility and abundance. Therefore, it broke on the threshold of pomegranate house in the New year and housewarming in Ancient Greece and in modern.
Now in different regions of the country, the custom is carried out a little differently: somewhere the whole family leaves the house a couple of minutes before midnight, congratulates each other on the holiday, and then, after the clock strikes, break grenades on the threshold of the house and go into the house with the right foot. In other regions, grenades are broken on the threshold of the house on January 1 after the Liturgy, to which this grenade is taken with them.
The Greeks even have a well - known expression-"Broke grenades", which means a good start of some business.
In Greece at Christmas “Kallikantzari� visits the houses. They are teasing Greek goblins that appear during the twelve days of Christmas. They eat small creatures and are afraid of the sun. They enter in houses and cause chaos.
Greek Tradition: Dive for the cross! Epiphany, also Theofania, is celebrated on January 6th and is a day of brightness, as Christians celebrate the baptism of Jesus by John the Baptist. The most important ritual is the blessing of the waters with the Holly Cross. The priest throws the Holly Cross in the water and swimmers jump in the water to recover it. The one who catches the Holly Cross will be blessed for the whole year!
ะกhristmas tradition - Italy NATIVITY Christmas is an annual festival, commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ,observed primarily on December 25 as a religious and cultural celebration among billions of people around the world. A feast central to the Christian liturgical year, it is preceded by the season of Advent or the Nativity Fast and initiates the season of Christmastide, which historically in the West lasts twelve days and culminates on Twelfth Night; in some traditions, Christmastide includes an octave] Christmas Day is a public holiday in many of the world's nations, is celebrated religiously by a majority of Christians, as well as culturally by many non-Christians, and forms an integral part of the holiday season centered around it. AUGURI DI BUON NATALE E FELICE 2019!-I WISH YOU A MERRY CHRISTMAS AND HAPPY 2019!
ITALY CHRISTMAS TRADITIONS In Brindisi, Italy, people celebrate Christmas by carrying around the house a baby Jesus figurine, taken from the Nativity Scene, while everybody sings a Christmas song. At the end of this �home walk�, after a short prayer, the figurine is placed in the Nativity Scene.
ITALY- The Italian Presepe The Presepe is a piece of Italy’s tradition and heritage. It is a scene of the stable where Jesus was born, complete with the figuriness of Mary, Joseph, Jesus and the Wise Men,
animals and shepherds.
ITALIAN CHRISTMAS CRİBS Presepi (literally “cribs”) are said to date from the 13th century, when St Francis of Assisi used live animals to create a nativity scene in his cave. Animals (and people) are still occasionally used in Christmas tableaux, but most modern presepi are static.
ITALIAN TRADITION- ZAMPOGNARI In Rome and the surrounding area, (Lazio (Frosinone and Latin province), Abruzzo, Molise, Campania, Puglia, Basilicata, Calabria, Sicily.)the inhabitants dressed in traditional woolen costumes, wearing knee-length boots, white stockings and long black cloaks, singing in the bagpipe and whistles, enjoying the crowds gathered around the churches.
ITALY - LA BEFANA In Italy children wait until Epiphany, January 6, for their presents. According to tradition, the presents are delivered by a kind ugly witch called LA BEFANA, who travels on a broomstick delivering gifts for good children and lumps of coal for bad children.
ITALY - SAINT LUCY Santa Lucia - the saint has become a sort of Father Christmas figure, visiting in the night to bring children gifts.
Youngsters write letters and leave them out for her to find, while on the night before December 13th, they set out milk or coffee for Lucia, biscuits and wine for the helper who accompanies her, and flour or hay for the donkey she rides. Obedient children wake up on Saint Lucia's Day to find sweets and presents awaiting them. On December the 20th, Italians celebrate “l’ottava di Santa Lucia”. Typical Italian sweet: giuggiulena - nougat with almonds
Christmas Tradition in Italy Zecchinetta is a card game. For Christmas it is played the day long. It is also called lanzichenecco, or lasqueneet, It is named after the French spelling of the German word Landsknecht ('servant of the land or country'), which refers to 15th- and 16th-century German mercenary foot soldiers; The lansquenet drum is a type of field drum used by these soldiers. Zechinetta is played with a pack of 40 cards. https://www.hamburger-kunsthalle.de/sammlung-online/bartolomeopinelli/eine-gruppe-v von-jungen-maennern-spielt-karten-bei-derzecchinetta#
Italy - fireworks
Latvia ( Jurmala) Christmas brings people together. There is a Christmas tree at home and they celebrate Christmas at home , with joy and family.
Christmas old man brings their presents. The present are usually put under the Christmas tree. The presents are opened on during the Evening of Christmas Eve or on Christmas Day. Before Christmas children learn to say poems by heart. You might also get a present by singing, playing a musical instrument or doing a dance.Latvia also claims to be the home of the first Christmas Tree! The first documented use of a evergreen tree at Christmas and New Year celebrations is in town square of Riga, the capital of Latvia, in the year 1510.
Lithuania The traditional Lithuanian Christmas dinner consists of 12 meals, symbolizing the 12 apostles. Typical dishes on this evening are herring salad, potato salad, beetroot soup, mushrooms, aspic, fish, Christmas Eve biscuits, nuts and apples. There is also a drink from cranberries. Only the next day, with the end of Lent, plenty of meat on the table.
POLAND TRADITION
Hay under the tablecloth on 24th December - Poland The Wigilia (Christmas eve) feast has some unusual traditions, most curiously placing a layer of hay under the tablecloth. It's a way of remembering that Jesus was born among animals. In many Polish houses (especially in the countryside) it is customary to put some hay underneath the table cloth
RORATY - POLAND One of the most beautiful Christmas Polish traditions is a mass called "roraty," that is only celebrated during Advent since the 12th century. The mass begins before sunrise, in complete darkness. The word "roraty" comes from the first words of the prayer that begins the mass, which are "Rorate coeli" in Latin, meaning "Heaven, drop the morning dew," and which asks for blessings on the new day that is about to begin. People who participate in the service bring torches or candles with them, which are lit at certain times during the mass. This service has a very special atmosphere since it starts in total darkness, before sunrise, candles are lit at the altar and in the hands of the people participating in the service. As the mass comes to an end, the sun has risen and the world is bathed in light, symbolizing the nativity of Christ.
Roraty - Poland One of the traditions associated with Advent, are so-called "rorate" Mass, also called simply Rarity, and correct Mass of the blessed virgin Mary during the season of advent is a kind of reflection of the Celebration of the Epiphany, which once was celebrated on December 18. Rorate Mass are performed at sunrise. The expectation of the rising of the heavenly body symbolizes the expectation of the coming of Christ, the Sun of Truth, who scattered the darkness. That is why the Rorata is often preceded by a procession with candles, headed by children with homemade lanterns. The service begins in the half-light and only during the hymn "Glory to God in the highest" in the Church turn on the light.
Another distinctive feature of The rorat Masses is a special candle standing at the altar and symbolizing the virgin, who as the dawn heralded the sunrise of the Truth-Jesus Christ.
Christmas Eve in Poland The Christmas Eve supper, which consists of 12 dishes (the number of the Apostles or the months of the year), starts when the first stars appear in the sky. When everybody is seated around the table, a special wafer, called Oplatek, that is embossed with images of the Holy Family is shared among the tablemates. So, before starting to eat, each one takes a piece of the wafer and sometimes small pieces are offered to the family pets. An extra empty seat is provided at the table for anyone who may wish to join. This tradition, which can be traced back to pre-Christian times, is also connected with honouring the deceased persons. Finally, when the Christmas Eve dinner is finished, everyone approaches the Christmas tree for the gift exchange.
ะกhristmas tradition - Poland CHOINKA-A Christmas tree is a decorated tree, usually an evergreen conifer such as spruce, pine, or fir or an artificial tree of similar appearance, associated with the celebration of Christmas, originating in Northern Europe. The custom was developed in medieval Livonia (present-day Estonia and Latvia), and in early modern Germany where Protestant Germans brought decorated trees into their homes] It acquired popularity beyond the Lutheran areas of Germany and the Baltic countries during the second half of the 19th century, at first among the upper classes.
MATGONATA MALAYH! - PACEFUL CHRISTMAS AND BLESSED NEW YEAR!
Going to the church at midnight on Christmas Eve. The Cooks Mass - Tradition in Portugal Going to the church at midnight on Christmas Eve. The Cooks Mass Christmas Eve has many of its own customs and traditions. The most widely practised one that still exists today is going to a Midnight Mass Church Service. The Midnight Mass Communion Service (or 'Christ-Mas') was a very special one as it was the only one that was allowed to start after sunset (and before sunrise the next day), so it was held at Midnight! Christmas Eve is also the day when people in some countries, like Germany, Sweden and Portugal exchange their presents. Traditional Christmas food in Portugal, called "Consoada", is consumed on the evening of Christmas Eve and consists of cod with green vegetables and cooked potatoes. This is normally followed by crustaceans, wild meat or other expensive foods.
Tradition in Portugal: “Presepio� The tradition of the crib in Portugal has remote origins. The cribs of the Cathedral and the Museum of ancient art in Lisbon, as well as the monumental layout of the Basilica of the "Estrela", that is superior to each other both for the size of the composition and the number of characters (over five hundred ), a masterpiece by Machado de Castro. The "living nativity scenes" are also popular, as well as the home devotional ones: on Christmas Eve, before the consoada (the dinner), the Crib is inaugurated, while in the fireplace a stump is burned that will burn continuously, day and night, until to the Epiphany, to keep evil people away.
Portugal - socks by the fireplace
Christmas tradition in Romania Christmas is the seven week period in which Christians are preparing spiritually for the birth of the Holy Child. In the past people didn’t consume any animal products such meat, eggs or different products. This is called post. The Christmas celebrations really begin on Christmas Eve, 24th, when it's time to decorate the Christmas Tree. This is done in the evening of Christmas Eve. In Romanian, Christmas Eve is called 'Ajunul Craciunului'. Also Christmas Eve is celebrated by singing Christmas carols to share the joy with everyone.
Christmas traditions in Romania - Sorcova Sorcova is a popular Romanian custom, practiced on January 1st. Belonging to the New Year's customs, the Sorcova walk is especially the joy of the children. They carry a tree-lined twig or a viper made of a stick around which colored paper flowers have been intertwined. Traditionally, the Sorcova was made of twigs from one or more fruit trees like apple, pear, cherry or plum. They're put into water in a warm place on 30th November, so they hopefully come into leaf and blossom on New Year's Eve! Nowadays often a single twig of an apple or pear tree is used and it's decorated with flowers made from colored paper. The name Sorcova comes from the Bulgarian word rawv, allusion to the barely scarred branch, once broken from a tree. Sloping several times in the direction of a certain person, Sorcova plays somewhat the role of a magic wand, endowed with the ability to transmit force and youth to the target. The wisdom text, reminiscent of a spell, only strengthens the effect of the Sorcova movement.
SURVAKANE in Bulgaria = SORCOVA in Romania Similar to SURVAKANE “Сурвакане” from Bulgaria, in Romania this tradition have the name „SORCOVA”.
Christmas traditions in Romania The Day of Ignat - Families in the country sacrifice the pig on 20th December. Christmas meal is full of traditional dishes. Sausages, ‘tochitură’ and ‘piftie’ are some of the products. Carols - they are more than simple songs; their messages are full of good wishes, prosperity and health. They are rewarded with fruits and pretzels or money for their wonderful wishes.
Christmas tree - the most important symbol. It is said to be the tree that brings happiness, luck and fertility. On Christmas Eve, all family members start decorating the fir tree with coloured baubles, lights and tinsel.
Romanian Sacrifice of the pig Pork is an important part of the Romanian Christmas Eve and Christmas Day meal. On December 20, St. Ignat's Day, a large pig, fattened for this very purpose, is sacrificed to provide the staple ingredient to the Christmas time feast. Early in the morning the villages prepare the necessary for pork cutting and preparing traditional pork dishes. In all agitation, the happiest are the children who climb the scraped and cleaned pig to be cheerful all year round. They say that the pig which was not cut till that day it is not getting fat anymore, because he saw its knife. Every family of householders must cut the pig at Christmas. That means: to be healthy and red over the year. They say: “La anul si la multi ani cu sanatate�
Christmas Tradition in Romania: the STAR
From Christmas to Epiphany, children wander around the neighborhood with the steua, the star The children decorate a wand, with a star at the top and go to sing a simple song that tells the story of the birth of the Child Jesus. The boys are like little angels that bring the good news and there is no home that does not make them enter to make their songs of good wishes heard. The landlords pay them back by offering donuts, nuts, apples, sweets or coins.
The Star Carol Children make a star using coloured paper and then they put in the middle a picture of Jesus. It symbolizes the Star followed by the three Wise Kings. The Star Carol is a tradition during the 3 days of Romanian Christmas. It announces that Jesus is born. The children sing holding the star in the hand. "The star has appeared on high, Like a big secret in the sky, The star is bright, May all your wishes turn out right‌"
Lead pouring Above the flame, a bit of lead starts to melt. Prepare the pot of water and pour the lead carefully.The casting that comes into existence guides his future. For example, star casting means
success, recognition.
ROMANIAN CHRISTMAS TRADITION „MERSUL CU STEUA�. In Romania, the days of the birth of Jesus are also celebrated, but as befits the old culture, also in Romania you can find unique traditions. Carol singing is a folk custom derived from agricultural and pastoral cultures, which was originally associated with vegetative magic, intended to provide the hosts with fertility and good harvests. Carollers would give their family members good wishes for the New Year, for them to get married for what they received Christmas treats or small donations.
Romania plugusurul Or bittern greeting plow, plow as it is called in the people , is an ancient agrarian custom par excellence, which is still practiced today, especially in Moldova . On the eve of New Year's Eve , in many places, even on New Year's Day, the group of two to twelve boys or recently married men leave the house in the house to wander with the Plug or to "hunt" in Moldova. With Plugusor, children today also worships.
Slovenia - St Nicholas - 6th December The tradition of Sveti Miklavz (St. Nicholas) who brings gifts to children on the eve of December 6th, is a popular Slovenian folk tradition, first mentioned in written records in 1839. Every child that has been good in the past year receives a gift, and is encouraged to continue in the same manner in the year to come.
Dedek Mraz brings gifts on New Year’s Eve
Сhristmas tradition - Slovenia Christmas crib & Lucy’s grains they should bring the light of the world; good luck and God’s blessing.
CHRISTMAS IN SLOVENIA In Slovenia, a few days before December, people gather in groups in order to go for dormouse hunting “polhanje”. The grease of these animals is beneficial as it’s used in medicine. The slovenians offer it as a gift on New Year’s Day.
Los Reyes Magos - SPAIN The Three Wise Men, Melchior, Caspar and Balthasar, bring children their gifts on the Day of the Epiphany, on January 6th. The day before, on January 5th, in towns and cities all around the country, there are parades, a reenactment of the arrival of the Three Wise Men. When kids return home, they leave their shoes for the kings to fill them with presents. Next morning, they find the wrapped presents from Los Reyes Magos.
Celebrating El Tió de Nadal - Spain The form of the Tió de Nadal is a hollow log about thirty centimetres long.The Tió has come to stand up on two or four stick legs with a broad smiling face painted on its higher end, enhanced by a little red sock hat. Children must take good care of the log, keeping it warm with a blanket and feeding it, so that it will defecate presents on Christmas Day or Eve. On Christmas Day the children beat the tió with sticks, while singing various songs of Tió de Nadal. Then somebody puts their hand under the blanket and takes a gift. The tió does leave candies, nuts and small toys.
Christmas Tradition in Spain LoterĂa de Navidad is a national lottery, sometimes just called El Gordo. It has been organized every year since 1812. The draws are held in Madrid on 22nd December every year. El Gordo de Navidad draws take hours to complete due to the sheer number of prizes and the format is closer to a raffle than a standard lottery. The balls are drawn from two machines, called 'bombos', which each hold thousands of balls. Navidad tickets are sold as either a full ticket, known as a 'billete', or a tenth of a ticket known as a 'decimo'. Rather like a raffle, players buy pre-printed billetes.
New Year’s Tradition - Spain The tradition of eating 12 grapes at midnight on New Year’s Eve is linked to the “miraculous grapes” bringing luck to the fortunate fellow who is able to cram 12 grapes into the mouth and swallow them in 12 seconds. Each grape represents a month of the year. With globalisation, more and more tourists who visit Spain are adopting the fun tradition/superstition. It’s quite fun to watch people gobbling down 12 grapes! Have you ever tried?
Los Reyes Magos and the “pinzon” bird - Spain “Aragonian tradition” This is a story that mixes the magic and illusion of Christmas and the Three Kings with this little bird “Pajarito Pinzón”. The childhood of many Aragonese children grew with the presence of “Pajarito P inzón”. The “Pajarito Pinzón” is a bird that was the sneak of the three Wise Men. It was spying on children and knew who were good and who behaved badly during the year. The ones who were good they would get presents!
Christmas Tradition - Spain In Spain there is a tradition to go to church after Christmas dinner on 24th of December at 12.00 h.
At Christmas- night, the kids leave milk and biscuits for Santa and carrots for the reindeers.
Tizón de Nadal or Toza “Christmas log”
Catalan and Aragon tradition
*Spain* Beginning with the Feast of the Immaculate Conception (December 8), one gives the tió a little bit to "eat" every night and usually covers him with a blanket so that he will not be cold. The story goes that in the days preceding Christmas, children must take good care of the log, keeping it warm and feeding it, so that it will defecate presents on Christmas Day or Eve. On Christmas Day or, in some households, on Christmas Eve, one puts the tió partly into the fireplace and orders it to defecate. The fire part of this tradition is no longer as widespread as it once was, since many modern homes do not have a fireplace. To make it defecate, one beats the tió with sticks, while singing various songs of Tió de Nadal.
Christmas Tradition in Spain BelĂŠnes It is the tradition to create nativity scene which are representing the birth of Jesus.
BASQUE COUNTRY Santo Tomas is an important fiesta in the calendar year for the Basque people. Taking place on December 21st right before the holidays, it was traditionally a day for local farmers to bring their goods to town and sell to the locals in preparation for the festivities and holiday meals.
New years Tradition - Spain
Tuenzia celebrate New Year's Eve Muslims celebrate New Year's Eve a few days before our new one year, so there is no reason to count on any special fun on January 1, but some young Tunisians celebrate by going to a disco, just like we on Saturday or Sunday.
Christmas traditions in Turkey In Turkey Christmas is not celebrated. Turkish celebrate "Noel" on New Year's Eve and also decorate trees and exchange gifts with love ones and have fun with family.
Santa Claus in Turkey is called Noel Baba.
New year’s tradition: Exchanging presents in Turkey Many people in Turkey start celebrating New Year’s Eve with a large family dinner. The main course is traditionally a roasted turkey. Variety shows on television begin in late afternoon and continue until early morning of the next day. Many people play games while waiting for the clock to strike midnight. State TV channels announce the winning numbers of a New Year’s national lottery just before midnight. Many people also congratulate each other, toast to a New Year and exchange small gifts at midnight between New Year’s Eve and New Year’s Day.
National Lottery Draw - Turkey If you visit Turkey at this time of the year you will see lots of Christmas lights and decorations around, which does not entail a religious turn but a festive trend. For the Turkish people the most important day is New Year’s Eve. That is when the NATIONAL LOTTERY DRAW takes place with the first prize of up to 20 million euros!!!
(Taken from: https://jumpinweb.wordpress.com/2012/12/19/christmas-inturkey/)
New year lottery in Turkey (millipyango) or Turkish dream Every year on the night of December 31 to January 1 (December 31 at 23:50) the national new year lottery Milli Piyango is held in Turkey. Ticket sales start in the new year and is very popular among the residents of Turkey this year, almost all lottery tickets of the national lottery Milli Piyango have been sold out. The cost of a full (quarter) the ticket is 50 liras, half of 25 pounds, and a quarter of the ticket is 12.5 pounds.
Tombala Playing Bingo Turkey Turkish families play “TOMBALA” during the night on Christmas Eve.
Playing Bingo (Tombala) *Turkey* Activity played on Christmas Eve with family members.
...and roasting chestnuts on the stovetop while playing
Turkey
A nazar (from Arabic نظرArabic pronunciation: [naðˤar], word deriving from Arabic, meaning sight, surveillance, attention, and other related concepts) is an eye-shaped amulet believed to protect against the evil eye. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazar_(amulet)
Tradition in Ukraine : Vertep Vertep is a portable puppet theatre which presents the nativity scene and episode from the Bible and also secular plots . It first appeared in the 16-17th century. The original meaning of the word is "secret place","cave", referring to the cave where Jesus Christ was born. The vertep box often was a multi-storey building. The sacred act took place on the upper level. In recent times at Christmas young children dress as the various characters and act out the plays of the vertep. This form, following the old tradition of Malanka ( New Year’s Eve), is quite popular in Western Ukraine. Often hidden political meanings are placed in the performances. https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=15829177
The Christmas cult of ancestors - Ucraine January 7th celebrated the first day of Christmas (it was good to celebrate three days from 7th to 9th of January). In the morning, the whole family or several representatives went to church for a festive prayer, which was dedicated to the memories of the birth of Jesus Christ. Returning from the church, people greeted joyfully: Christ is born! - Praise him! or - Wish holy Christmas be healthy! Sometimes in the morning the owner again candles, enveloped with smoke house, sprinkling Holy water, the hostess was washing the dishes, and still again with the prayer sit for the Lenten table. And only after that once again washed bowls, spoons and covered skoromnye dishes, people break the fast, because the post is over. For Christmas specially fed and chopped wild boar to cook sausages, gut (blood, jelly, potion, roast buckwheat porrige. One diary dish was also prepared
UKRAINE- Didukh
It is a Ukrainian Christmas decoration; made from a sheaf of wheat, it is a symbolic sacrifice taken from the best of the autumn harvest. "Didukh" literally means "the spirit of ancestors". Didukhy are traditionally made from the first or the last stalks of wheat reaped during the year. It symbolizes the household's wish for an abundance of nature and a bountiful harvest for the upcoming year.
Traditional dishes and recipes
New Year’s Tradition - Albania Traditional food: FERGES It’s a traditional food especially for the New Year’s dinner and it’s veal stew. (Yammy)
božićni stol CROATIA ”
Croats have always valued the Christmas season, and they developed a large number of customs and traditions related to the holiday. Bozicni Stol is a tradition that refers to different ways to decorate christmas tables.
CROAČšIA
A Yule log is a traditional dessert served near Christmas
Christmas tradition in Finland
Tradition: Eating Oysters Origin: France Eating Oysters and Foie Gras One of the things you see most of at this time of the year are the oysters. The French eat oysters all year round but in December they go oyster-crazy. I don’t have the numbers, but I would not be surprised if two thirds of the annual oyster harvest is gulped down with a glass of wine at this time of the year. They sell and serve them in droves!.
A possible alternative for a starter is the foie gras, the fat duck liver, wonderfully creamy and smooth, maybe prepared with a bit of Armagnac. (In the foie gras, or in the cook.) Or more likely, there will first be oysters and then the foie gras. (https://www.forbes.com/sites/karlsson/2016/12/28/what-the-french-eat-forchristmas-and-new-year-gastronomy-in-paris/#1040ac0668a6)
GERMANY Dominosteine is a sweet primarily sold during Christmas season in Germany. Dominosteine consist of several layers, covered with a thin icing of (typically) dark chocolate. The base consists of Lebkuchen. Further layers contain jelly and either marzipan or persipan.
Cristopsomo - GREECE Jesus Christ’s bread. Serve with honey and figs. “Christ is born, the light is on, so that the leaven is done”. The dough is made into a large cross and several other personal symbols. The loaf is decorated with images representing aspects of the family’s life and profession. The recipe here Christopsomo is a tradition that dates back thousands of years and is considered sacred in Greece.
Greece Vasilopita is a New Year's Day bread or cake in Greece
Vassilรณpita Inside, there is a lucky coin or charm. If you find the lucky coin in your piece of cake, you will have good luck all year.
https://www.the-travel-insiders.com/nothing-sayschristmas-greek-hospitality
GREECE
Greece In Greece, traditional Christmas cookies are “Melomakarona” (egg-shaped cookies dipped in honey), “Kourambiedes” (resemble light and airy shortbread, but are made with the addition of almonds which are the main ingredients) and “Diples” ( made of thin sheet-like dough are the same as angel wings, except that they are dipped in syrup)
melomakarona
kourambiedes
diples
GREECE. GIAPRAKIA (Minced meat, rice wrapped in cabbage leaves)
A Traditional Christmas Greek recipe from Kozani.
Greece- Typical christmas cookie Kourabiedes: Greek Christmas Butter Cookies made with toasted almonds
KOURAMBIEDES -
Greek Christmas cookies
GREECE: Melomakarono - an egg-shaped Greek dessert
Make the Cookie Dough
1. 2.
Ingredients
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For the Cookies Zest of 1 orange 3/4 cup sugar 1 cup olive oil 1 cup vegetable oil 7 1/2 cups all-purpose flour 2 teaspoons baking powder 1 teaspoon baking soda Pinch of salt 3/4 cup orange juice 1/4 cup brandy For the Syrup 1 cup honey 1 cup sugar 1 1/2 cups water 1 cinnamon stick 3 to 4 whole cloves 1- to 2-inch piece lemon rind 1 teaspoon freshly squeezed lemon juice Garnish 3/4 cup coarsely ground walnuts Ground cinnamon
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Preheat the oven to 350 F. In a small bowl, using your fingers, combine the orange zest with the sugar, rubbing the grains as if you were playing with sand to release the orange oils into the sugar. Using an electric mixer, beat the oils with the orange sugar until well mixed. In a separate bowl, sift the flour with the baking powder, baking soda, and salt. Add the orange juice and brandy to the mixer and mix well. Slowly incorporate the flour mixture cup by cup until a dough forms that is not too loose but not quite firm either. It will be dense and wet but not sticky. Once the flour is incorporated fully stop mixing. To roll the cookies, pinch a portion of dough off about the size of a walnut. Shape it in your palms into a smooth oblong shape, almost like a small egg. Place it on an ungreased cookie sheet. Shape and roll the cookies until the sheet is filled. Press the tines of a large fork in a crosshatch pattern in the center of each cookie. This will flatten them slightly in the center. The cookies should resemble lightly flattened ovals when they go into the oven. Bake for 25 to 30 minutes until lightly browned. (The cookies will darken when submerged in the syrup.)
Tradition: Nine Fast Dishes Origin: Greece Baklava
Christopsomo Bread
Kourabiethes Cookies
Egg-Lemon-Chicken-Rice Soup
Pork
Yiaprakia Stuffed Cabbage
Melomakarona Cookies
Karythopita Walnut Spice Cake
https://www.thespruceeats.com/greek-christmas-food-traditions-1705476
Kalitsounia Kritis Cheese Pastries
Christmas - tradition in Italy Panettone and Pandoro Panettone contains candied orange, citron, and lemon zest, as well as raisins, which are added dry and not soaked. Pandoro is a traditional Italian sweet yeast bread, most popular around Christmas and New Year. Typically a Veronese product, pandoro is traditionally shaped like a frustum with an eight-pointed star section. It is often served dusted with vanilla-scented icing sugar made to resemble the snowy peaks of the Italian Alps during Christmas Wikipedia
Italian Christmas specialities: TORRONE It is as nougat confection, typically made of honey, sugar, and egg white, with toasted almonds or other nuts, and usually shaped into either a rectangular tablet or a round cake. It comes out only around Christmas time and has both a crunchy and soft version, and can be white or chocolate, or other flavors, and sometimes is also covered in chocolate.
Christmas - tradition in ITALY Struffoli is a Neapolitan dish made of deep fried balls of sweet dough. The dough is used in many Italian sweet treats such as chiacchiere. For struffoli, the dough is formed in to balls about the size of marbles. Crunchy on the outside and light inside, struffoli are mixed with honey and other sweet ingredients and formed into mounds or rings. There are many different ways to flavour them, but the traditional way is to mix them in honey with diavulilli (nonpareils sprinkles), cinnamon, and bits of orange rind. Naming varies by region: in Calabria they are also known as scalilli, and in Abruzzi cicerchiata. They are often served at Christmas and are sometimes served warm.
Wikipedia
Latvian Christmas Traditional Food Pies (Pīrāgi) oven baked crescents filled with smoked meat – are among the most important Latvian Christmas dishes. In fact, in my family we only make them twice a year – once for the winter, once for the summer solstice.
CHRISTMAS IN MALTA In Malta they follow the British tradition on Christmas Eve: A lot of families eat Turkey with cranberry sauce following British traditions...but its not that strict. Some eat meat or fish or chicken. They also eat mince pies and Christmas cake or Christmas pudding.
POLAND - Christmas EVE Traditionally, Christmas Eve dinner begins when the first star has appeared in the sky. First, there is a prayer. Then the family wish one another all the best for the New Year and, as a sign of reconciliation, love, friendship and
peace, share opłatek - Christmas wafers that symbolise holy bread. An extra set of plates and cutlery is laid on the table for an unexpected guest and as a reminder of those who have passed away.
The twelve dishes of Polish Christmas In Poland, Christmas Eve dinner is the most important celebration of the year. The supper, which traditionally includes twelve dishes and desserts, may last for a good couple of hours.
The twelve dishes that are eaten: -
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1. Red borsch with ceps raviollis 2. Mushroom soup 3. Fried carp 4. Cabbage rolls 5. Pickled herring 6. Mushroom and sauerkraut dumplings 7. Mushroom cutlets 8. Fried fish and carrot salad 9. Poppy seed roll cake 10. Dried fruit compote 11. Gingerbread 12. Christmas pudding (kutia)
Poland dzielenie się opłatkiem
Sharing wafer
The King’s cake --- Portugal Bolo-rei literally means king’s cake and was introduced to Portugal in the 19th century. Its name derives from the fact that it is crown-shaped and is eaten on the day of the Kings, January 6th (Dia de Reis); actually it is eaten during the whole Christmas period. Another reason for its name is that traditionally it contained a dried broad bean and a little trinket or gift hidden somewhere in the cake. The three kings offered gifts to baby Jesus and their cake also has a gift! As you cut the cake, the person to find the trinket in its piece would have good luck for the year; the poor person who got the dried broad bean had to buy the bolo-rei next year.
Eating Bolo Rei - Portugal Bolo Rei, i.e. the King’s cake, is a traditional Portuguese cake that is usually eaten from December 25 until Epiphany on the 6th of January. It is a staple dessert in any Portuguese home during the holidays. It is a round cake with a large hole in the middle looking like a king’s crown and covered with crystallized and dried fruit. It is baked from a soft, white dough, with raisins, various nuts and the characteristic dried fava bean. Tradition dictates that whoever finds the fava has to pay for the Bolo-rei next year. A small prize (usually a small metal toy) was also hidden in the cake. However, this tradition of hiding of the prize in the cake has been discontinued since the mid-90s for fear of choking accidents.
(Wikipedia)
Christmas in Portugal - Filho a dessert
Christmas tradition in Portugal-Bacalhau da Consoada| Christmas Eve Cod
On Christmas Eve people, according to a Portuguese tradition, use to eat “Consoada”, which is boiled codfish with potatoes, cabbage and hard-boiled eggs. This dish is served on 24th of December. According to the tradition there are more than 365 different recipes for bacalhau. The name consoada stems from the latin word “consolata” which means “confronted”. In the old days people spent this day in church praying and fasting and after the “Missa do Galo” they gathered at home and ate a light meal consisting of fish.
Christmas traditions in Romania In Romania, Christmas is greeted with full tables of food, tradition and houses decorated with many symbolic things. Christmas and holiday season start on 30th November (Saint Andrew’s Day) and ends on 7th January (the celebration of Saint John).
Christmas fast - Christmas is the 7-week period in which Christians prepare spiritually for the birth of the Holy Child. People do not consume any animal products, such as meat, eggs or dairy products. There are certain days called ‘loosening’ (‘dezlegare’ in Romanian) when people are allowed to eat fish.
Masa de craciun Romania
POPRTNIK Slovenia A special bread in Slovenia A sweet bread from white flour This particular type of bread is originated in pre-Christian times. According to popular belief
it possessed healing and magical powers. As a symbol of Christmas it was offered at dinner tables all the way through the Christmas feasts until Epiphany.
Ginger bread cookies from Slovenia Ginger bread cookies are very tasty small breads that almost all households in Slovenia bake at Christmas time. The ginger bread in Slovenia is called Lectar and represents our living heritage. Slovenia has a very long tradition in baking the ginger bread. That’s why there is a Lectar museum (ginger bread museum) in Radovljica. Traditionally the ginger bread cookies are shaped as hearts and represent a present to our loved ones.
Christmas traditions in SPAIN TurrĹ?n is a traditional Christmas dessert in Spain. It has a lot of sugar, honey, along with toasted almonds and other nuts, usually it is shaped as a rectangle or a round cake.
Eating seafood on Christmas Eve- Spain Christmas normally means the fishmonger does very well for himself in Spain, and soup tends to be seafood based. So Sopa de Marisco, with lots of lovely seafood and a fish stock to warm you up, and arm you for the main course. And lots of seafood to follow, Prawns, or Gambas, are the most popular at this time of year, and a large platter of seafood will be placed on the middle of the table for all to share.
ROSCON DE REYES, SPANISH TRADITION
Sweet bread ring, stuffed with cream or chocolate and with a litte surprise inside. The one who finds it is crowned as The king of the house.
Pumpkin and turkey: Turkish New Year Tradition In Turkey, they usually celebrate New Year with many turkish specialties, including pumpkin and turkey.
Turkey Turkish Salep is a hot creamy drink that warms you up in winter.
Ukraine, Christmas is on January,7
Ukrainian Christmas dishes, prepared by the SS On Christmas Eve there are 12 meatless dishes on the table
Ukrainian Christmas dishes, prepared by the SS
Singing Carols
The Greek Kalanda Tradition
A carol is also known as Kalanda or Kalanta in Greek. These carols play an important part in Greek Christmas tradition and they are typically sung on both New Year’s Eve and Epiphany Eve, which is on January 5. Children go door to door singing, often carrying triangles and other instruments, such as drums, to accompany the songs. They wish the homeowners health, wealth, and prosperity by what they sing.Their parents often give them some money so that they can buy sweets along the way.
Kalanta
- GREECE
Kalanta Xristougenon (Κάλαντα Χριστουγέννων) is a Greek traditional Christmas carol (kalanta) translated into English simply as "Christmas Carol." This carol is commonly abbreviated as "Kalanta" or "Kalanda", some other common titles for this Christmas carol are Kalin Iméran and Christos Genate. This carol is commonly sung around Christmas and accompanied by light percussion instruments such as the Triangle (musical instrument) and Guitar. This Greek traditional Christmas carol gained a large audience beyond Greece through various performances by Nana Mouskouri throughout Europe.
HUNGARY BETLEHEMEZE’S Presenting how Baby Jesus was born is a very important custom in Hungary practised even today. The nativity play is called “betlehemezés,” and it has similar features to Christmas carolling, but it is not all about going to strangers’ houses and singing Christmas songs. Rather, it is a dramatic play in which multiple people take part. “Betlehemezés” introduces the birth of Jesus Christ and the visit of the Three Wise Men (biblical Magi) through dialogues and carols. The play is performed in a manger where we find the holy family.
Latvia Before Christmas children learn to say poems by heart. You might also get a present by singing, playing a musical instrument or doing a dance.
Polish Carols Christmas Carol (Polish) (English) Bรณg siฤ rodzi, moc truchleje God is born and the night is shaken https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IomK7_2hWVc
Romania In Romania Christmas carols are sung by people (usually children) dressed like goats and bears. The traditional Christmas carols are “Ursul” - Bear, “Capra” - Goat.
The carolers go around towns and sing the carols and they believe they´ll get some sweets, small presents or money. These animal costumes and dances should chase away evil spirits before new year.
Christmas Tradition in Romania Caroling is a long and the most tradition. Children, young people and also old people are walking through the village, or from house to house, singing the carols (songs). They greet the coming of Christ on earth. Between Christmas and Epiphany (God|’s baptism, 6th January) the carolers, are walking with the star. The symbolism of the carol with star recalls the star
which proclaimed the Jesus birth. She guided the three magicians to find the crib in which the miracle happened. In our days one is going with the carol with star only in the first and second day of Christmas.
Christmas tradition in Romania Crăciun Fericit! The Herods: groups of biblical characters. Folk theatre actors perform the moments of Jesus birth. Spoken Christmas carols are considered to be the oldest form of listening. In Romanian culture, Christmas is not only for humans but for the entire creation of God, thus many carols focus on blessing Mother Nature.
Romania - Colinda : a Christmas Carol Colinda
Umblatu cum capra Romanish tradition
Walking with the goat The "Capra" caroling has as a protagonist a flame that knows how to play and who puts an embossed mask with a mirror headed with flower beads. Together with other carols, he goes from house to house and wishes households to meet in the coming year.
This custom usually runs from Christmas to New Year.
KOLEDOVANJE -
Slovenian Christmas caroling Caroling, “koledovanje,” is a tradition where a group of men (koledniki) go from house to house in the village and sing songs or speak greetings without musical accompaniment. Children and women can also take part. This custom brings good luck and is rewarded with small gifts. “Koledovanje” can take place at Christmas, New Years, and the Epiphany. These ritual visits derive from pagan times, when early Slav singers had the same role. The name “koleda” derives from the word calender.
UKRAINE - Christmas caroling At Christmas children go caroling from house to house and get money and sweets.
One of the worlds´ dearest Christmas melody is from Ukraine! "Carol of the Bells"...
CHRISTMAS TRADITION IN UKRAINE: CHRISTMAS EVE The most interesting part of Ukrainian Christmas is CHRISTMAS EVE, with its wealth of ritual and magical acts. They are fortune telling, singing christmas carols. Caroling expresses respect to the master of the house and his family.
Contributors Gaia Giorgetti - Italy
Uta Steinel-Schrenk Germany
Vasiliki Psaridou - Greece
Sophia Kouzouli- Greece
Caterina Angotzi - Italy
Rita Zurrapa- Portugal
Renata Jakič - Slovenia
Sandra Santos - Portugal
Theodota Louda - Greece
Hélène Zavattin - France
Lidija Mlakar - Slovenia
Marcela Urs - Romania
Elena Tkachenko - Ukraine
Maria Tsiamtsiouri- Greece
Katerina Dimou, Greece
Luisella Bianco - Italy
Mihalca Gabriela Lenuta, Romania
Destino Marusca - Italy
Dragana Videnov - Serbia
Rita Giovanna Ogliari - Italy
Magdalena Goc - Poland
Georgia Maneta- Greece
Maja Bojanović - Croatia
Contributors Angeliki Kougiourouki - Greece
Tsagaraki Sofia-Greece
Fuencis de Vicente - Spain
RODICA IONESCU - ROMANIA
Gkavaki Lampriana - Greece
Delfina Casalderrey - Portugal
Gabriela Gasner - Romania
Aurelia Berusca - Romania
Barbara Koziori - Greece
Yana Tsykunkova - Ukraine
Veselina Bojanova - Bulgaria
Grazia Pietropaolo-italy
Chryssa Kozanita - Greece
Steffen Kraft - Germany
Işıl GÜLMEZ - Turkey
Nertila Muçka
Anželika Grigaliūnė - Lith
Crăciun Lorena - România
Martina Toso - Italy
Vilija Rakstiene - LITUANIA
Erika Boninsegna - Italy
Ioanna Georgiadou - GREECE
Joëlle Hoël - France
Małgorzata Malczyk - Poland
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Albania
Contributors Tsigara Sofia- Greece
Popa Camelia SandaRomania
Barbara Cholewka - Poland
Helen Pappa-
Mercedes Horjales - Spain
Marija Grah, Croatia
Cristea Alexandru Romania
Stavroula Makaronopoulou - Greece
Călinescu Ioana AlexandraRomânia
Nedeloiu Alexandra DianaRomânia
Vasiliki Kremmyda-Greece
Esther Peyrolón - Spain
Tănase Simona - România
Ispir Iuliana-florentina România
Anna Siudzińska - Poland
Camelia Domnica Mocanu România
Cristina Herdes ROMANIA
Alda Senra MartinsPORTUGAL