HABITER AUTREMENT À LA RÉUNION STUDIO S09 2017
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ENSAM RÉUNION
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BRICE DESPORTES
CONTENTS ANALYSIS
5 6 7 8 10 11 12 13
PROPOSAL
15 15 16 18 20 21 22 24 26 28 29
SITE STREET EDGES & VEGETATION ISOMETRIC VIEWS EXPLODED VIEWS TYPICAL FLOOR PLAN STRATEGIES PICTURES INTENTIONS CONTEXT FLOOR PLANS MASSING EXPLODED VIEW SECTIONS INTEGRATIONS TYPICAL UNIT TECHNICAL MATERIALITY
HABITER AUTREMENT À LA RÉUNION
STUDIO S09 2017 - ENSAM RÉUNION - BRICE DESPORTES
3
DATAS LOCATION
SAINT-GILLES-LES-BAINS - U2a
DELIVERY DATE
2017
PLOT SURFACE
1270 m²
ORIENTATION
67°
TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION
HOUSING & COMMERCIAL
NUMBER OF APARTMENTS
12
NUMBER OF SHOPS PARKING TYPE OF APARTMENTS BUILDING’S HEIGHT MAIN MATERIALS USED
3 18 UNDERGROUND - 6 ABOVE T3 (4) - T4 (5) - T5 (3) 17m CONCRETE - ALUMINUM
N
ANALYSIS HABITER AUTREMENT À LA RÉUNION 5 STUDIO S09 2017 - ENSAM RÉUNION - BRICE DESPORTES
SITE
$
$
$
$
DAILY DIRECT SOLAR LIGHT - JUNE
$ $
P $
$
$
From an urban point of view, the plot has a strong influence on its surroundings as it is located in the entrance of Saint-Gilles-les-Bains’ town center, right at the start of the commercial area. The road going down with a very light slope, the building is not affected by any significant terrain constraints in regards with its accesses (for pedestrian or cars).
4
W
$ $
$
$
DAILY DIRECT SOLAR LIGHT - DECEMBER
8
$
$
$
12
$
P
$
N
$
MAIRIE
E
Following the road, its main facades have a North/South orientation with the southern one facing the sea and thus the best view. This positioning, is creating a lot of shadows in the courtyard during the cooler months. Both the eastern and western gables are standing against existing buildings. The dominant winds, are coming from the SE in the winter and form the NW most of the rest of the year with higher speeds and probability in winter. The average air temperatures are at their S WIND DIRECTION DISTRIBUTION (%) lowest in September with 13°C and at their highest in March with 27°C.
6
HABITER AUTREMENT À LA RÉUNION
STUDIO S09 2017 - ENSAM RÉUNION - BRICE DESPORTES
ANALYSIS
$ $ shops P parking lots FLOWS - FUNCTIONS
$ 1.1000 N
STREET EDGES & VEGETATION
COMMERCIAL RECESSES The PLU states that there must be a minimum of 30% of the total plot’s surface of permeable ground. Accordingly, and counting the parking grass pavers, the existing project offers around 354m² of grass surfaces (on 381 needed). Many differences are noticable looking at the promotional images were greeneries were pluged everywhere possible in comparaison with the built project. There also seems to be no driving idea or strategy in their implantation. The architects rather appear to have labeled all left over spaces as green in order to comply with regulation without thinking much about their effect or usability.
PROMOTIONAL IMAGE
EXISTING GREEN AREAS
ANALYSIS HABITER AUTREMENT À LA RÉUNION 7 STUDIO S09 2017 - ENSAM RÉUNION - BRICE DESPORTES
ISOMETRIC VIEWS
SEPTEMBER 21ST - 13:45
8
HABITER AUTREMENT À LA RÉUNION
STUDIO S09 2017 - ENSAM RÉUNION - BRICE DESPORTES
ANALYSIS
SEPTEMBER 21ST - 9:30
ANALYSIS HABITER AUTREMENT À LA RÉUNION 9 STUDIO S09 2017 - ENSAM RÉUNION - BRICE DESPORTES
EXPLODED VIEWS T5+ DUPLEX
T5+ DUPLEX T5+ DUPLEX
T4
T4 T3
T3
CAR ACCESS TO UNDERGROUND PARKING
SHOPS
PEDESTRIAN FLOWS APARTMENT TYPES
10 HABITER AUTREMENT À LA RÉUNION ANALYSIS STUDIO S09 2017 - ENSAM RÉUNION - BRICE DESPORTES
FLOWS
TYPICAL FLOOR PLAN All flat layouts follow the same logic. The sleeping and wet rooms are facing the gallery, which acts as a buffer towards the street and the north, keeping both the noise and sunlight away from the inside of the apartments. The living rooms and the kitchen are oriented towards the ocean on the south-east with large terraces at their far ends.
Although the apartment layouts might seems logical with regards to the urban context and the building’s orientation, the outcome is plans of about 18m deep keeping all the service rooms such as the bathrooms and the toilets in the dark. Even the living room located in the middle of the apartment becomes quite dark.
VMC
VMC
All the building’s flats have access to both the street and courtyard facades. This particular configuration as well as their orientation parallel to the morning and evening breezes promote natural cross ventilation. However, because of the deep floor plan and the wet room locations, the air flows are either partial or very limited.
VMC
ANALYSIS HABITER AUTREMENT À LA RÉUNION 11 STUDIO S09 2017 - ENSAM RÉUNION - BRICE DESPORTES
STRATEGIES
MAIN VIEWS
SUN SHADES
PRINCIPAL NOISE SOURCE The aim of this analysis is to assess and evaluate to what extend different regulations are influencing and constraining the architects’ ability to design aesthetically pleasing and comfortable buildings to inhabit. For this purpose, the local plan (PLU), people with disabilities and (PMR) and thermal regulations were examined. While these regulations must have had a strong influence on the design, such as the compulsory 4m recess from the street, the maximal height of 16m, the percentage of green areas, the slope of the roof, the need to provide a lift or the width of the corridors, I believe that very few were constraining enough to push the design in a particular direction - apart from the ever present economical limitations.
12 HABITER AUTREMENT À LA RÉUNION ANALYSIS STUDIO S09 2017 - ENSAM RÉUNION - BRICE DESPORTES
RAIN SCREEN / SOUND BARRIER
I would argue that, on the contrary, they weren’t digested and included enough in the initial reflexions. As an example, take the few “shading elements” present on the 3D rendering above, most of them were clrearly added very late in the designing phase - the small corrugated steel awnings and only one of the vertical louver elements casts some shade on a small window for several minutes during a couple of winter mornings, the rest is purely “aesthetic”. I believe that, in this particular case, the strict regulations were not directly responsible for the design choice the architect made but that it is their shadow, together with the time and economic imperatives, that drove the architect’s mind down the known and less painstaking way.
PICTURES
ANALYSIS HABITER AUTREMENT À LA RÉUNION 13 STUDIO S09 2017 - ENSAM RÉUNION - BRICE DESPORTES
INTENTIONS
Following the analysis’ observations, the project will follow and extend the street’s urban typology of recesses along its edges. Anticipating a future expansion of the commercial street towards the entrance of Saint-Gilles and some pre-existing commercial pockets, the curbside will morph into a plaza giving access to fresh and planted commercial areas - much needed in Saint-Gilles’ micro climate.
Saint-Gilles can be seen as a special demographic setting and not very representative of the island’s population. This wealthy aera is mainly focused on balnear tourism and subsequently attracts a certain type of population. Taking this into account, the project will propose evolutive spaces both in the commercial areas and in the dwelling spaces. Office spaces will also be added to the development in order to extend the plot’s usability.
GENERAL INTENTION
1.500 N
PROPOSAL HABITER AUTREMENT À LA RÉUNION 15 STUDIO S09 2017 - ENSAM RÉUNION - BRICE DESPORTES
CH
EM IN S UM ME R
CONTEXT
-0,45
-0,15
RUE
-1,30
23%
DU G
ÉNÉ
-0,30
RAL
23%
DE G
AULL
E
23% 6,70
3,00 13,30
23%
14,80
0,00 12,30
16,30
10%
14,80
30%
10% 6,70
30%
3,00
9,20
0,00
-1,10
RU
ED
EL AP
LA
GE
3,00
SITE PLAN
16 HABITER AUTREMENT À LA RÉUNION
STUDIO S09 2017 - ENSAM RÉUNION - BRICE DESPORTES
1.500 N
PEDESTRIAN FLOW
COMMERCIAL
STAIR ACCESS
Saint-Gilles’ main street, la rue du Général de Gaulle, is set to become less crowded with cars in the near future as the plan is to turn it into a one-way planted street. This transformation will give pedestrians more room to walk and shop, and commercial areas and restaurant the opportunity to expand their activities on the street scape. The ground floor is strongly connected with the pedestrian flow at the street level and the built edges that model it. The aim of these guiding lines is to invite people in and to have the created plaza read as an extention of the street rather than a semi-private ambiguous courtyard.
While half of the ground floor area is to accomodate a car park at first, commercial spaces will ultimately replace it in order to extend further the main commercial street when the new urban plan with a decreased car flow will be completed. Every ecosystem has its own inherent complexity allowing all its constituents to survive, evolve and thrive in their surrounding environment. The same goes for us, humans, and the spaces we inhabit. Following that principle and assuming that to be efficient socially and environmentally a building should be seen as a living organism in itself, the project is relying on its round the clock life to provide its users with high living qualities.
COMMERCIAL PARKING
URBAN RECESS
FRONT PLAZA - NOON
BACK PLAZA - MORNING
PROPOSAL HABITER AUTREMENT À LA RÉUNION 17 STUDIO S09 2017 - ENSAM RÉUNION - BRICE DESPORTES
FLOOR PLANS -0,45
BUS
-0,15
-1,30
-0,30
SHOP 3 78m²
SHOP 1 144m²
0,00
RESTAURANT 135m²
GAR
0,00
BAG
E
SHOP 2 144m² -1,10
GROUND FLOOR PLAN
18 HABITER AUTREMENT À LA RÉUNION PROPOSAL STUDIO S09 2017 - ENSAM RÉUNION - BRICE DESPORTES
1.200 N
-0,45
BUS
-0,15
-0,30
6,70
3,00
3,20 0,00 7,25
6,20
5,75
7,25 6,70 5,75
OFFICES 189m²
3,00
0,00
-1,10 3,00
TYPICAL FLOOR PLAN
1.200 N
PROPOSAL HABITER AUTREMENT À LA RÉUNION 19 STUDIO S09 2017 - ENSAM RÉUNION - BRICE DESPORTES
MASSING
The main road is slightly going up along the site’s limit with a difference of about 80cm from end to end. The aim is then to create a link with the adjacent commercial building lower floor and extend its storefront edge inside the plot.
The access to the upper housing units as well as to the office spaces on the upper floors is provided by a bridge linking the two separate volumes. This shaded connection stays however a part of the urban context due to its location.
Around 230m² of commercial area is directly accessible from the plaza.
Green areas are precisely placed thoughout the plaza to provide shade and cool the air coming in the plot.
20 HABITER AUTREMENT À LA RÉUNION PROPOSAL STUDIO S09 2017 - ENSAM RÉUNION - BRICE DESPORTES
The four 20m deep dwelling volumes containing 11 flats in total are placed on top of the public plinth and span along most of the the entire plot’s length. This configuration allows to break down the big volume that would otherwise be created and bring back the building to a more human scale. This fragmentation also allows the inhabitants to identify with their dwelling more closely: “I live in the second block”
This plinth/mixed-use typology gives the possiblity to differenciate between the pedestrian realm on the ground floor with commercial spaces and the upper volumes with housing units. All functions must answer different needs and constraints with regards to their context and usability. The dwellings with their specific orientation and proportions can then be more independent from the other functions of the program.
EXPLODED VIEW
T4+ T4 T3 T4 T3 T4 T3
PEDESTRIAN BRIDGE APARTMENTS AND OFFICES ACCESS
APARTMENT TYPES DISTRIBUTION
FLOWS
PROPOSAL HABITER AUTREMENT À LA RÉUNION 21 STUDIO S09 2017 - ENSAM RÉUNION - BRICE DESPORTES
SECTIONS Again, this particular typology as well as the fragmentation of the main housing volume allows air to pass through the entire plot and promotes stack ventialtion. Creating a microclimate underneath it, and thanks to the strategic placement of the green islands, the housing block provides shade to the plaza and to the internal circulation bridge. This footbridge serves three stairwells, two residental and one for the offices.
In order to optimize the stairs efficiency and minimize vis-a-vis, all flats are shifted with each others. This volumetric playfulness also has the effect of breaking down the otherwise important dwelling volume. While the overall height of the building is slightly above the regulations, from the street the shifting volumes appear to follow the existing skyline.
COOL AIR
COOL AIR
URBAN NATURAL VENTILATION
INTERNAL CIRCULATION BRIDGE A B
-0,45
-0,15
-1,30
23% -0,30 23% 23% 6,70
3,00 13,30
23%
14,80
0,00 12,30
16,30
10%
14,80
30%
10% 6,70
30%
3,00
9,20
0,00
+13.10m
+10.10m
B
-1,10 3,00
A
+7.10m
+3.20m
-1.20m
CROSS SECTION AA
22 HABITER AUTREMENT À LA RÉUNION PROPOSAL STUDIO S09 2017 - ENSAM RÉUNION - BRICE DESPORTES
1.200
+18.30m
STREET FACADE
1.200
+13.10m +11.75m +10.10m +8.75m +7.10m +5.75m +3.20m
LONG SECTION BB
1.200
PROPOSAL HABITER AUTREMENT À LA RÉUNION 23 STUDIO S09 2017 - ENSAM RÉUNION - BRICE DESPORTES
INTEGRATIONS
EXISTING
24 HABITER AUTREMENT À LA RÉUNION PROPOSAL STUDIO S09 2017 - ENSAM RÉUNION - BRICE DESPORTES
EXISTING
MORNING
NOON
DUSK
PROPOSAL HABITER AUTREMENT À LA RÉUNION 25 STUDIO S09 2017 - ENSAM RÉUNION - BRICE DESPORTES
TYPICAL UNIT Following Saint-Gilles’ demographic and tourism oriented economy, all flats can be divided into tow separate entities which can be partially rented during the holiday season or in the case of changing family patterns. All individual units follow the same organization, the wet rooms at the extremeties, the bedrooms on the inside, where the sound and light are at their lowest, with the living room and kitchen facing the ocean. WOODEN DECK PLAIN DEEP VOLUME
The southern part with the best view can be used as a fully functioning T2 and rented during the holidays, while the northern side houses one or two rooms and a bathroom. In case of division, the apartments’ natural ventilation is not sacrificed thanks to the central atrium. The apartments’ layout are made to favorise natural ventilation and air movement and could be seen a long terrace in which only the bedrooms and toilets are closed.
VEGETAL SCREEN
33.75m²
T2
KITCHEN ELEMENTS
11.55m²
1.75m²
CARVE FOR ACCESS AND TO LET AIR THROUGH
T4
4.25m²
9.31m²
ORGANIZE OPEN AND CLOSED SPACES
10.39m²
6.82m²
PLAN - LAYOUT
N
ADD VEGETATION AND LAYERING
26 HABITER AUTREMENT À LA RÉUNION PROPOSAL STUDIO S09 2017 - ENSAM RÉUNION - BRICE DESPORTES
1.100
LIVING ROOM / KITCHEN - EVENING
SHOWER / DRYING SPACE
WOOD CLADDING / SUN & NOISE BARRIER
to profit from its high thermal mass. By contrast, all surfaces exposed to direct sunlight are either ventilated or with a low thermal emissivity. Fabric is used in the bathroom and shower areas because of its lightness and light diffusing properties. Combined with a bamboo cladding, it provides a always changing atmosphere as well as a perfect privacy screen.
COOL AIR PLANTER
The wet rooms (kitchen and bathrooms) act as thermal and humidity buffers for the rest of the apartment. Planters are located at both ends of the air path in order to further cool the entering air and to make use of the collected rain and shower water. In order to minimize maintenance and labor costs, raw materials are mostly used throughout the building. The bare concrete slab is thicker at the center of the apartments in order
BUFFER
KITCHEN
VEGETAL SCREEN
LIVING
BATHROOM VANITY
FABRIC / BAMBOO SCREEN
BEDROOM
WC
COOL AIR
WC
BEDROOM
BEDROOM
1.100
VENTING
N
N
BATHROOM - WLATE MORNING
PLAN - LAYOUT
BUFFER
PLANTER
BATHROOM
COOL AIR
1.100
PROPOSAL HABITER AUTREMENT À LA RÉUNION 27 STUDIO S09 2017 - ENSAM RÉUNION - BRICE DESPORTES
TECHNICAL
10h< 10h< 10h<
The project’s typology is created to maximize density while providing good thermal and daylight comfort. The slender and deep floor plans allow the apartments to be protected from direct sunlight without excessive use of shading which would compromise outside views. The long and narrow interstitial spaces enhance the building’s permeability while increasing the air speeds. They also allow natural light to come in all the different rooms depending on their functions.
The public space at ground level sits in its own micro-climate. Protected by the housing block over it and densely planted throughout, the cooled air circulates freely into the space and helps refreshing commericial and housing spaces. Together with around 20% of plain permeable soil, the different roofs act as water collectors bringing the water into the green pockets and into hidden reservoirs to minimize water consumption during the dry season.
REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM
10h< 10h<
<0h<0h<0h
<0h <0h
MARCH 21ST
N
JUNE 21ST
DECEMBER 21ST
JUNE 21ST
DECEMBER 21ST
SUNHOURS ON THE PLAZA
STRUCTURAL PRINCIPLE
500
65 LUX
WATER CYCLE
28 HABITER AUTREMENT À LA RÉUNION
STUDIO S09 2017 - ENSAM RÉUNION - BRICE DESPORTES
N
MARCH 21ST
ILLUMINANCE AT H:900mm AT NOON WITH AN INTERMEDIATE SKY
MATERIALITY 1.10
1.10
2
1
7
ORIENTATION
8
PLOT SURFACE
9
TOTAL FLOOR AREA
3 4
2367.6 m² 31% (19% soil + 12% pervious) 1.86 PLINTH / BLOCK
URBAN TYPOLOGY
1.20
BAMBOO
1270 m²
F.A.R.
6
BATHROOM FACADE DETAIL
NNE - SSW
PERMEABLE GROUND PERCENTAGE
5
WARM WOOD
MAIN DATA
10
FLOOR FINISH WOODEN DECK WATERPROOFING CONCRETE SLAB INSULATION CORRUGATED STEEL FABRIC TIMBER STRUCTURE BAMBOO CLADDING INTERIOR WALL FINISH
BARE CONCRETE
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION
HOUSING, OFFICES & COMMERCIAL
NUMBER OF APARTMENTS
11 (1112m²) 4 (596m²)
NUMBER OF SHOPS OFFICE AREA
660m²
PARKING
0 (11) T3 (4) - T4 (6) - T5 (1)
TYPE OF APARTMENTS BUILDING’S HEIGHT
18.30m
BUILDING’S DEPTH
21.5m MARKET
APARTMENT TYPOLOGY
METAL CLADDING
LIGHT PLASTER
FABRIC
PROPOSAL HABITER AUTREMENT À LA RÉUNION 29 STUDIO S09 2017 - ENSAM RÉUNION - BRICE DESPORTES