INVESTIGATION # 5
E G D I R B D E THE R
E G D I R B D THE RE tte Bridge o l r a h C s s e h c u D d n a Gr 25 July 1952, 3:00 a.m. Temporary granting of the headquarters of CECA to Luxembourg
1957 Launch of an international competition for the building of a bridge over the Alzette valley
3 February 1958 Setting up of a special commission for the expropriation of land on the Fort Olisy and Kirchberg plateau
21 and 22 April 1958 Meeting of the international Jury in the Victor Hugo Hall
2 April 1962 Cutting of the first sod
24 October 1966 Official opening by Grand Duchess Charlotte
1975 Siting of the European Commission on the Kirchberg plateau
19 October 1993, 5:00 a.m. Last death beneath the bridge before the installation of an anti-suicide device
22 October 2018 First tram to cross the bridge
© Théo Mey, Photothèque de la Ville de Luxembourg
Š 2014 - Laruade - Kostohryz - Langevin
WHAT?
ALIGNMENT OF THE NEW ROUTE
EVACUATION 8 houses, 22 households, 47 people
MADAME LÉONIE K. Shopkeeper, resident of Luxembourg-Pfaffenthal, now unable to live quietly in her home... almost directly below the bridge...
TREE FELLING
MELUSINE RESIDENCE: REFUSED Building permission for a block of flats on rue de la côte d’Eich in Luxembourg, presented by the architect, Camille Frieden.
THE SOLERI AFFAIR
1957 SEEN IN THE FRANKFURTER ILLUSTRIERTE
REQUEST FOR INFORMATION ABOUT THE „TOMORROW’S BRIDGE “ © archives DOA
„TOMORROW’S BRIDGE “
REVIEW OF THE SOLERI FILE © Archives D.O.A
Monsieur Soleri’s concept is very bold and extremely interesting but it does not tackle our problem.
1958 COMPETITION Paolo Soleri takes part in the competition for the bridge.
PAOLO SOLERI’S PROPOSAL FOR LUXEMBOURG A series of multi-functional bridges designed for the Luxembourg Bridge Design Competition in 1958. Seven designs are entered; Campanula Bridge, Levitation Bridge, Balance Bridge, Helium Bridge, Spanning Bridge, Omega Bridge and Flight Bridge. © David DeGomez
LUXEMBOURG, PARADISE VALLEY
PAOLO SOLERI 1969 ARCOSANTI, ARIZONA As architecture develops to become a phenomenon of human ecology, cities will become like an organism reflecting, in their complexity, the life that they contain.
ARCOSANTI 1963 In 1963, Soleri conceived the idea of an alternative urban community, ARCOSANTI. Today, students and volunteers continue to build the city.
INTERNATIONAL COMPETITION
ORGANISATION OF THE COMPETITION The question of the form of the present competition has given rise to discussion...
BAUFORUM N째9
1957 AGENDA A GCOMPETITION ENDA O OF FT THE HE J JURY URYA FOR NEW BRIDGE IN BERN
PROCEDURE TO FOLLOW
MEMBERS OF THE JURY
JURY © Pol Aschman Photothèque de la Ville de Luxembourg / Photo-montage S.Laruade
FOREIGN MEMBERS
GRELOT Inspector General of Civil Engineering, Director of the „Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées” Paris
GEORGES TOURY D.P.L.G architect Engineer from the prestigious Higher Education establishment, the „Ecole Polytechnique” Paris
Dr. -Ing. Curt KOLLBRUNNER
Dr. Ing KLINGENBERG
Dipl.Bau-Ing. ETH, Director of the A.G Conrad Zschokke, steel construction
Ministerial adviser, Federal Transport Ministry – Department for Road Construction
Döttingen (Aargau)
Bonn
H. TEN BOKKEL HUININK
R. FOUGNIES
Chief engineer on the Board of Directors at Rijkswaterstaat
Inspector General of Civil Engineering
The Hague
Brussels
Bridges Office
HOTEL ALFA A room for two booked at the Alfa Hotel © Pol Aschman Photothèque de la Ville de Luxembourg
GEORGES TOURY 1904-1991 Architect DPLG, Engineer polytechnician, town planner in Paris © Archives de la Ville de Lorient
M. TOURY He teaches at the Civil Engineering School under the leadership of Monsieur Louis Grelot. In the spring of 1943 G. Toury is appointed as town planner and chief architect of Lorient’s reconstruction.
LOUIS GRELOT Author of the Coursebook on Metallic Bridges
MEMORIES OF STUDENTS IN THE CLASS OF 51 ...wearing a black jacket and striped trousers, with drooping whiskers and a blank expression, he was, you must admit, really boring... Memories of Philippe Oblin, student of the „Grelot generation” class of 51
NATIONAL MEMBERS
HUBERT SCHUMACHER 1896-1961
© La Revue Technique
HENRY LUJA 1899-1977
Š La ville et ses architectes de Pierre Gilbert
VICTOR ENGELS 1892-1963
© La Revue Technique
MICHEL LUCIUS 1976-1961
© La Revue Technique
Michel Lucius in Baku 1912-1918
Michel Lucius in Baku 1922
STATEMENTS OF THE JURY 21 April 1958 and 22 April 1958
M. WEILER „Can we allow a bridge to be built of metal, from the aesthetic point of view?”
CONCRETE OR METAL? After discussion the jury agrees to consider a metal bridge on equal footing with a stone-built or a concrete bridge.
M. WILLEMS „Appearance of concrete in 40 years? Concrete is very difficult to repair.”
M. HALDER „A construction in metal should be selected.”
M. WILLEMS „Research into anticorrosion is growing quickly.”
R. FOUGNIES „Building a suspended bridge in the valley would not be successful.”
M. WEILER Government adviser, unable to take part in this meeting, M. Willems acts as Chairman.
M. TOURY „I am behind you, let’s choose a project right now!”
M. MICHELS „I am against straight lines. The MAN project is not the ideal solution, this project does not have any originality, it’s quite simply a type of bridge that you can find everywhere, either a little bigger or a little smaller.”
M. ENGELS „The leg bridge’s oblique struts appall me in our landscape!”
HUBERT SCHUMACHER „Something beautiful and elegant should be selected and it should be slightly ahead of our time. Following the Roman arches in our viaducts and the great arch of the Adolphe bridge, perhaps a simple straight line as a symbol of modernity?”
CONCRETE OR METAL? ESTHETIC OR ECONOMIC?
Reflexions du Jury
STILL MODERN IN 60 YEARS? 1958 - 2018
THE GREAT ARCH OF THE ADOLPHE BRIDGE From the architectural point of view it is exactly right to be very cautious. Caution... within the city of Luxembourg stands the Adolphe bridge built between 1900 and 1903 ... Around 1900 those magnificent arches dazzled engineers from all over the world.
Ouvrage symbolique de la capitale, le Pont Adolphe doit impérativement être renforcé et élargi pour accueillir bientôt le tram! Le Conseil de gouvernement a adopté, vendredi, le projet de loi pour réhabiliter le pont. Les travaux ne pourront excéder 62,9 millions d'euros. Photo: Gerry Huberty Le projet de loi autorise le gouvernement à réaliser les travaux pour la réhabilitation complète du pont mais aussi le réaménagement des Places de Metz et de Bruxelles, dans la capitale. "Les dépenses occasionnées par les travaux ne pourront pas dépasser le montant de 62,9 millions", précise bien le ministère d'Etat.
L'un des objectifs principaux du projet consiste à renforcer durablement les arcs principaux du Pont Adolphe pour contrer le phénomène de délaminage qui a été constaté. Pour que le futur tram puisse y circuler demain, il est prévu de rehausser et d'élargir le tablier du pont. Le projet prévoit ainsi la dépose du tablier actuel, puis la réalisation d'un nouveau tablier qui sera plus large et plus épais et qui constituera également une couverture étanche pour les maçonneries sousjacentes. Le tablier sera ainsi élargi de 1,50 m. La largeur de la chaussée passera à 13,50 m (7,50 m de gabarit du tram et deux voies de 3 m pour le trafic routier ou quatre voies de 3,37 m). L’approvisionnement en courant du tram est prévu par le bas. S’y ajouteront deux trottoirs de 2,10 m (élargissement de 2 x 30 cm), chacun sécurisé par une barrière chasse-roues de 0,50 m. Au total, la largeur sera ainsi portée à 18,70 m.
2014 63 MILLION TO REMAKE THE ADOLPHE BRIDGE
April 11, 2014 FIRST STEP ON THE THE BLUE BRIDGE
THE ROMAN ARCHES OF THE VIADUCT Pétrusse Valley Luxembourg
RESEARCH INTO ANTI-CORROSION The laboratory of Professor BECKPOT
INTERNATIONAL DAYS OF STEEL Liège Luxembourg Charleroi Bruxelles 18- 28 juin 1958
INTERNATIONAL DAYS OF STEEL LUXEMBOURG 1958 © La Revue Technique
SHORTAGE OF SAND © Le Jeudi
19 TONNES This is the tonnage of sand used by a resident of Luxembourg, one of the highest ratios in the world. Š Le Jeudi
CHAPEL ST ELOI DUDELANGE
1958 PROJECTS
FROM: GERMANY, AUSTRIA, BELGIUM, FRANCE, ITALY, LUXEMBOURG, SWITZERLAND Concrete girders Concrete arches Leg bridges Metallic girders Metallic arches Suspension bridges
15 18 3 15 7 6
projects projects projects projects projects projects
I CONCRETE GIRDERS
I CONCRETE GIRDERS
II CONCRETE ARCHES
II CONCRETE ARCHES
II CONCRETE ARCHES
III LEG BRIDGES
IV METALLIC GIRDERS
V METALLIC ARCHES
VI SUSPENSION BRIDGES
N° I. POLENSKY ZÖLLNER & ARTHUR SIMON, KÖLN
ABANDONED Too many pillars.
N° II. BAU & BODEN DÜSSELDORF
ABANDONED No arched bridge too similar to the Adolphe bridge.
N째 III. DICKERHOFF & WIDMANN
ABANDONED The same as N째II, no arched bridge too similar to the Adolphe bridge.
N째 IV. UNION
SELECTED Originality of the concept, support by most of the jury members.
N째 V. MAN
SELECTED Continuous metal frame.
N째 VI. SOCOL
ABANDONED The same as N째V, but 18 million more expensive.
N° VII. BAUWENS, KÖLN
ABANDONED Problem with the bond between concrete and metal.
2 FINAL PROJECTS
Voted for the bridge with metal girders:
FO
N A RM
KLINGENBERG CLÉMENT WURTH ENGELS LUCIUS
Voted for the leg bridge:
R O F
N O I UN
MICHELS GRELOT FOUGNIES REIFF WILLEMS KINNEN SCHUMACHER KOLLBRUNER
8 VOTES TO 5 IN FAVOUR OF THE LEG BRIDGE
INFLUENCE
EXPO 58 RHEINSTAHL UNION © Archives DOA
CENTURY 21 - THE 1962 SEATTLE WORLD’S FAIR © Archives DOA
Stand of the European Communities and of the six Member States
SEATTLE SPACE NEEDLE 1962 © Archives DOA
LUXEMBOURG CITY Bridge surfacing plate deck with asphalt
SIERRA LEONE Rutile mining project
WORLD CAMERA November 1967
LONDON Guiniting the inside of high cooling tower at a generating station
VISIT OF RUDOLF HILLEBRECHT
RUDOLF
HILLEBRECHT
Urban architect of the city of Hanover
VISIT OF Dr. J.A.K. HAMILTON Engineer on the construction of the Forth Road Bridge Edinburgh FORTH ROAD BRIDGE EDINBURGH 1964
25 May 1966
9 June 1966
21 June 1966
18 July 1966
27 July 1966
22 August 1966
26 August 1966
---------- Message ---------De: Gilles Guézo Date: samedi 12 octobre 2013 Objet: Bohus et une requette À: Bohumil Kostohryz <boshua@boshua.com> Dobriden Bohus, Je suis content d’avoir de tes nouvelles. Je suis toujours prof à l’école d’architecture de Rennes et je m’occupe toujours des échanges. Je suis aussi grand-père et mes petits-enfants ont l’âge de vos enfants (7 ans et 2 ans 1/2). Je connaissais le pont à béquille de la Grande Duchesse Charlotte, mais pas le nom de son architecte. Je ne crois pas qu’Egon Jux soit très connu en France. Il y a peut-être des informations dans ces deux ouvrages: LEONHARDT (Fritz), Brücken, Bridges, (4ème édition),Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Stuttgart (Allemagne), 1994. PRADE (Marcel), Les grands ponts du monde: pont remarquables d’Europe, Brissaud, Poitiers (France), 1990. Il y a plus d’infos sur le pont Adolphe (1900-1903), record de portée dans sa catégorie à l’époque, construit par Paul Séjourné qui était ingénieur des ponts et chaussées et spécialiste des pont en arche de pierre. Mais c’est de l’histoire ancienne.... Comme autre grand et beau pont à béquilles, il y a aussi celui de Sfalassa en Italie: Voilà, je suis pas d’une très grande aide. Par coïncidence, j’ai croisé cette semaine à l’école, Éliane Sourget qui était avec nous à Milevsko en 1995. Elle va venir donner des cours d’informatique. Amitiés
BRIDGE SFALASSA ITALY 1984 © Fritz Leonhardt
OCTOBER 10, 2013 FILE N° 64 85N1.3 Photographic archives of Mr. Théo Mey Strange discovery of a miniature reproduction of the concrete version of our national red bridge... Where is this bridge located?
16 OCTOBER 2013 The investigation leads us to Dudelange, a few metres from the French border. From our information, the bridge was built in 1969 to link a farm situated in the fields on the other side of the railway. The man on the right is probably the owner of the farm, the one on the left remains unidentified.
under the bridge COLLISION RAILWAY 6 DEAD, 23 INJURED UNDER THE BRIDGE
11 october 2006, 11:45 RAILWAY COLLISION 6 DEAD, 23 INJURED
ARCHITECT
INFLUENCE
REIDY & LEVY
STUDENT OF LE CORBUSIER
Architects, Brasil
JEAN-PAUL SARTRE Philosopher, Paris
WALTER GROPIUS Architect, Boston
OSCAR NIEMEYER Architect, Brasil
FRIENDSHIPS
ROBERTO BURLE MARX Landscape Architect, Brasil 1909-1994
HARDY KRUGER Actor
HATARI LODGE 1970, rebuilding of the „Momella Game Lodge” Farm by the film actor, Hardy Krüger in Tanzania
ARCHITECTURAL PRINCIPLES
JEHOVAH WITNESSES’ MEETING HALL Munich 1980
He gains his architectural principles from the spiritual world
1974 KÖHLBRANDBRÜCKE ON THE ELBE source - carte postale David Liaudet
Total length with driveway ramps: 3,975 m Height: 53,8 m above mean water beach Pylon height: 135 m.
2014, 35.000 CARS DAILY The Köhlbrandbrücke will be completely overhauled
SUICIDES Several people have committed suicide by jumping from the Kรถhlbrand Bridge source: Der Joker, Peter Maffay
CONSTRUCTION
ADALBERT BOROS Engineer for the RED BRIDGE 1931-2013
A burial and mass take place in his honour on
Thursday 2 May at 11.00 a.m. LIVING IN THE STREET Living in the street in Luxembourg for 50 years. His new home was the station in Luxembourg. He slept there and spent most of his time there.
in the Schléeschen chapel
A GREAT TEACHER IN THE STREET „There were lots of us who asked him for help. As for me, I used to pay him 50 Luxembourg francs and he’d help me with my mathematics or geometry homework”
„He arrived on 1 August 2006 ... I wanted to make him happy by putting up a photo of the Grand Duchess Charlotte bridge in his room. I was very surprised when I saw him really struggling with this. In the end, we realised that
he preferred not being reminded too much about his past“ Marcel Noé, Am Schléeschen care home in Echternach
1957 ENGINEER ON THE DAM OVER THE LAKE AT ESCH-SUR-SÛRE
CHOICE OF COLOR
SPRING
SUMMER
AUTUMN
WINTER
COLOR RESEARCH Such a startling coloration that you can state its color as easily as you can describe its shape.
MARSEILLE HARBOUR FREITAG FACTORY
„WHAT DO YOU THINK OF THE RED BRIDGE“ Article From „Lëtzebuergerland” 2 September 1966
FRANTZ KINNEN Painter
LUCIEN WERCOLLIER
„Why ask for opinions only now”
Sculptor „Shade of color suitable for a cheap toy”
JOSEPH - EMILE MULLER Art critic „For that, there is only one word: awful”
JOSEPH BESCH Honorary Prime Minister „From one extreme to the other”
J.P. KOLTZ Director of traffic „Tourists make fun of us”
J.P. MICHELS Architect and president of the „Artistic Cercle” „Red is my favourite color but not that red”
JOSEPH PROBST
LEON LOMMEL
Artist/painter
Bishop of Luxembourg
„I’m giving up my nationality”
„I am against the red”
ROGER BERTEMES
EDOUARD PROBST
Painter
President of the conservation of historic monuments
„The rust will not be obvious...”
„We haven’t been asked our opinion”
INAUGURATION
LUXEMBOURG, CECA HEADQUARTERS â&#x20AC;&#x17E;Even though, as is often recalled, the decision to start working on CECA (European Coal and Steel Community) in Luxembourg was taken at the end of a night of bitter argument, during which the chances of Luxembourg only became a possibility thanks to the ongoing disagreement about other options, it would, however, be wrong to attribute this outcome to inertia or chance alone. If at the right time, Mr. Bech was able to speak up for a proposal, it was that he compellingly foresaw and showed the as yet unspoken destiny of the Grand Duchyâ&#x20AC;? Speech by M. Pierre Werner Prime Minister 24 October 1966
MONSEIGNEUR LEON LOMMEL 24 October 1966 „May God bless this decision and protect the new Grand Duchess Charlotte bridge so that all those who cross it will follow, in righteousness of heart,
PATHS OF PEACE AND HARMONY“
1964 MILLENNIUM CELEBRATION
1964 OPENING OF THE CHILDREN’S CLINIC
1964 OPENING OF THE NEW SECONDARY SCHOOL
WHY? CECA TRAFFIC ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
TREATY OF ROME 25 MARCH 1957 The Foreign Ministers from the six member countries (Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands and West Germany) sign the treaties making up the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) and the European Economic Community (EEC) in Rome.
LUXEMBOURG, EUROPE’S CAPITAL? March 1957, Victor Bodson, Luxembourg Minister of Transport, presents his ambitious projects to a German journalist. The plan is to provide land to the European Communities at no cost for the construction of administrative and residential buildings. He also announces the construction of the largest concrete bridge in the world, measuring 450 meters, connecting the city centre to Kirchberg, the site of the future European Institutions.
© Frankfurter illustrierte N°1
„THIS WORK IS THE PRODUCT OF OUR EUROPEAN POLICY“ Speech by M. Pierre Werner Prime Minister 23 October 1966
FIRST CECA HEADQUARTERS
ARCHITECT HUBERT SCHUMACHER 1953
ALAIN POHER President of the European Parliament 23 October 1966 â&#x20AC;&#x17E;...This huge palace in Kirchberg, which was not meant for us, replaces our modest headquarters on Rue Beaumont and its many annexes.â&#x20AC;?
WHAT BELGIUM LOSES, THE GRAND - DUCHY GAINS!
KIRCHBERG PLATEAU
LAW OF 7 AUGUST 1961 APPROVED BY 49 VOTES TO 3 During its session of 13 July 1961 the Chamber of Deputies approved, by 49 votes to 3, the draft law pertaining to the creation of the Kirchberg plateau development fund.
350 HECTARES © Photothèque de la Ville de Luxembourg
NEW ROAD TOWARDS UNEXPLOITED LAND This new road will have the great advantage of allowing the city of Luxembourg to expand into green-field sites. The Kirchberg plateau is specifically designed to create a future, possibly international, housing district, only 2 km away from the city centre.
VIRGIN TERRITORY
FARM © Photothèque de la Ville de Luxembourg
LAND SPECULATION
CLAIMS OF THE KIRCHBERG FARMERS © Photothèque de la ville de Luxembourg
Schaffner go home We are no fair game for governmental speculations!
One square-meter for 26 cigarettes?... We „Kierchbierger “ (people from Kirchberg) may be farmers, but no stupid idiots!
Keep your bridge and leave us our ground! We want to stay where we are
The country urgently needs a protection of the Constitution. Doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t the Constitution apply to us, the people from Kirchberg?
Mr. Schaffner, what would you think of Echternach for the Headquarters?
There is need for change: respect our Constitution!
URBAN PLANNING
KIRCHBERG PLATEAU PLANNING PROJECT 1967 source - revue : La technique des travaux 1967
Copy of a site plan drawn up by the Bridges and Roads Administration
ZONING 1968 source - revue: La technique des travaux 1967
Usable areas, boundaries of the expropriated land and division of the plateau into sectors. Sketch drawn up in 1968 by the architect Guillaume Erpelding from the State Town Planning Service.
KENNEDY MOTORWAY This road ... gently sloping ... reminds you of ... the incline of the Avenue des Champs Elysée towards l’Etoile, in Paris.
PLANNING 1968 source - revue : La technique des travaux 1967
1958 PROJECT OF R.A COULON AND A.J CRIVELLI © Photothèque de la Ville de Luxembourg
EXPO 1958 BRUXELLES © Photothèque de la Ville de luxembourg
Model of the urbanisation project of the Kirchberg plateau, shown in Brussels, to support the bid by Luxembourg to become the new European city.
LUXEMBOURG BUILT FOR THE FUTURE OF EUROPE
FORECAST FOR 2020-2025, 10.000 RESIDENTS, 35.000 EMPLOYEES
1968 HEADQUARTERS OF THE EUROPEAN BANK
1970 EUROPEAN COURT OF AUDITORS
1973 EUROPEAN COURT OF JUSTICE
1973 EUROPEAN MONETARY FUND
Dear Monsieur Kinnen, what would all this be without your bridge!
ALCIDE DE GASPERI’S TOWER 1966 Architect Michel Mousel and Gaston Witry
22 FLOORS
The MP Wolter can be quoted as follows: „Everywhere I have been these past few years, big administrative buildings are springing up. They are
39 FLOORS
BUILDINGS LIKE THE UN. We can see it in Thionville, Brussels and in Geneva. We can talk about them but we can’t possibly now go on building residentialtype buildings to house the services of CECA.”
HEADQUARTERS OF THE UN 1952
Minutes from the debate in the Lower Chamber of Deputies on 13 July 1961, 64th session.
2001 SPACE ODYSSEY Stanley Kubrick 1968
2001 NEW YORK
When re-reading the article I I am listening to France Inter and a programme about cinema, the journalist is talking about Stanley Kubrick, slow, clear and worrying pictures go through my head, 2001 space odyssey, an
FILM,
HYPNOTIC
I wake up the programme has finished itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s the newsflash, still 11 September.
URBAN LIVING
Discover all facets of Luxembourg Smart City Conference Living City
SUSTAINABLE SMART CITY
GLOBAL CITY
TRAFFIC
ADHERE TO THE GENEVA DECLARATION ON INTERNATIONAL ROAD TRAFFIC OF 16 OCTOBER 1950
REASON 24 December 1957 For introducing the bill for the construction of a bridge above the Alzette river... Await report for 10.1.1958 at the latest!
REASON 1 Very sudden increase in road traffic, exceeding all imaginable forecast, even astounding all experts...
REASON 3 Access to the trimodal harbour at Mertert.
REASON 2 Vehicles are, at present, forced to cross the city and its outskirts with their narrow and twisting streets.
1960 MERTERT HARBOUR UNDER CONSTRUCTION © Théo Mey, Photothèque de la Ville de Luxembourg
INAUGURATION 1 september 1966 ©Théo Mey, Photothèque de la Ville de Luxembourg
2018 TAKE A TRAM RIDE THROUGH KIRCHBERG The Porte de l'Europe, which already features some striking architecture, such as the Philharmonie, will see further change, with the addition of a third European Court of Justice tower, as well as new offices, flats and a shopping centre.
(CS) Over the coming years the Luxembourg City district Kirchberg will undergo significant changes, with the tram only one of several construction projects, which also include large-scale housing developments, offices and a new shopping centre.
New residential areas will rise near Weimershof and Kiem, while the European Parliament's Konrad Adenauer building is already undergoing a significant expansion.
The tram will run along Avenue John F Kennedy, with the â&#x20AC;&#x153;Pont GrandeDuchesse Charlotteâ&#x20AC;?, better known as the Red Bridge, to undergo a revamp in preparation for the new mode of transport.
Luxembourg's national library will also move to Kirchberg, with a brand-new building along Avenue John F Kennedy. The tram's final stop in its first phase of construction will be LuxExpo, with plans to extend the tracks to Findel airport already in place.
GROWTH
FEAR AMBITION PROTEST
GASTON THORN 1974-1979 Prime Minister of Luxembourg
1973 PROJECT FOR A NUCLEAR POWER STATION IN LUXEMBOURG
PROTEST © W.Osterheld
PROJECT ABANDONED
28 March 1979
1978 „ CENTRE 300 ” OR „ GROUSSE KUEB ” © Musée d’Histoire de la Ville de Luxembourg; Photo Christof Weber
Building of a big conference centre to bring the European parliament to a permanent seat in Luxembourg
ROGER TAILLIBERT architect, Paris
PROTEST
PROJECT ABANDONED
NON FUNCTIONAL
ENERGY EATING
AGAINST CONSTRUCTION REGULATIONS
MEGALOMANIAC NO BEAUTY UNECONOMIC
POINTLESSLY EXPENSIVE
MISANTHROPIC
PETITION AGAINST THE PROJECT
*KUEB=RAVEN
THE CITY SKYLINE
ANALYSIS AND PROJECT FOR AN ENDANGERED CITY LEON KRIER Press conference at the Café du Commerce at 11:00 on 9 November 1978
JEAN LANGERS architect
1980 HEMICYCLE OR „ KLENGE KUEB ”
OLYMPIC STADIUM IN MONTREAL source - carte postale David Liaudet
Created for the Olympic games in 1976, Architect Roger Taillibert
FIRED FROM THE PROJECT „On 6 July, 1972, these three men were unveiling the model of the future Olympic facilities during a press conference which went round the world. All three fired from the project in 1975, messieurs Jean Drapeau, Claude Phaneuf and Roger Taillibert today serve as an example of post-Olympic waste.” source: stadeolympiquemontreal.ca, Claude Phaneuf
THE STADIUM FRIGHTENS PEOPLE 56% of the people of Quebec would be afraid of entering the Olympic stadium
1982 SPORTS CENTRE KIRCHBERG Architect Roger Taillibert
29 September 1985 EXPLOSIVE ATTACK IN THE KIRCHBERG SWIMMING POOL During the night of Sunday to Monday around 1:00 a.m. The suspects are still on the run.
PUBLIC NOTICE
Has anybody seen the individual who was on the roof of the Olympic swimming pool in Kirchberg on Sunday 29 September 1985?
Have people or cars displaying suspicious behaviour been seen around the swimming pool?
1976 CAMPUS CHAMONIX-MONT-BLANC Architect Roger Taillibert
2014 ENERGY-EFFICIENT RENOVATION
CECA COMPETITION 1965 „THE UNIVERSAL HOUSING UNIT“ International competition for a project to industrially manufacture a steel housing unit. „A house of classic design, produced entirely in a factory, sold at the same price as a large car, assembled in 135 hours and adaptable from the Baltic sea coast to the foot of mount Etna...“ description of the competition by M. B. Murisier.
1ST PRIZE J. BRANDI, Gﾃ傍TINGEN source - Archives UIA
1965 Announcement of the CECA competition published in the magazine UIA No 35
14 to the 19 September
1967 Exhibition of projects
TOP 10 - TETRA ARCHITECTS LUXEMBOURG
MODEL: TETRA ARCHITECTS PROJECT source - Archives Fondation de l’Architecture
THE MODERN ECONOMY DEMANDS MODERN MAN
MODERNISE? What does that mean exactly? Can you talk of modernisation in the economic sphere? Is to automate the same thing as to modernise? Is to produce nuclear energy, to modernise? Is to apply new technology, to modernise?
MICHEL RASQUIN
CINQUANTENAIRE HOUSING ESTATE IN ESCH Power of traditions and local practices with regards to social housing
ABOUT THE HOUSING OF A FOREIGN WORKFORCE source - D’Letzebuerger entrepreneur
WHERE? NEW CITY
OLD CITY
LOWER CITY
PFAFFENTHAL DISTRICT
LIVING UNDER THE BRIDGE © Photothèque de la Ville de Luxembourg
1965 A VIEW TO THE CECA’S TOWER FROM THE PFAFFENTHAL © Photothèque de la Ville de Luxembourg
SUICIDES NEW SUICIDE 19 OCTOBER 1989 5:00 The victim crashed on to the roof of the house, 29 St. Mathieu Street, falling through into the loft. Syndicat dâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Initiative de Pfaffenthal
PFAFFENTHAL: DESPAIR OF THOSE WHO COMMIT SUICIDE „Have you ever seen, Minister, like us the people who live in Pfaffenthal ... a human body that has been run over on a road after falling from a height of about 80 metres?” Fernand Theato in the name of the people who live in Pfaffenthal 14 May 1993 © Républicain Lorrain
THE CRY FROM THE DARKNESS OF ABBOT RIES OF PFAFFENTHAL „Yes, there’s a cry coming from the darkness when I glance up towards the top of the Red Bridge from where nothing good ever falls on us.”
NEW SUICIDE 16:30 17:00
15 JUNE 1985
10:00 31 MARCH 1988
14:25
28 SEPTEMBER 1985
27 FEBRUARY 1989
LETTER FROM THE CHILDREN OF PFAFFENTHAL source - Archives Fernand Théato
LETTER FROM THE NEIGHBOURHOOD source - Archives Fernand Théato
LOCAL ACTION source - Archives Fernand ThĂŠato
FILM „ THE RED BRIDGE ” GENEVIEVE MERSCH source - Archives Fernand Théato
SUPERJHEMP © Lucien Czuga, Roger Leiner source - Archives Fernand Théato
SYDNEY MORNING HEPALD 15 February 1991
A NORMAL DAY BENEATH THE RED BRIDGE
TORONTO STAR LUXEMBOURG (BELGIUM) No one has survived the fall.
WALL STREET JOURNAL 15 February 1991 First page
FALLING OBJECTS
FALLOUT OF THE SCHUEBERFOUER
SUPERJHEMP © Lucien Czuga, Roger Leiner source - Archives Fernand Théato
AN ORDINARY STONE „An ordinary stone, thrown from the bridge, effortlessly shatters a car roof and would kill the person inside the car...” Fernand Theato on behalf of the people who live in Pfaffenthal 14 May 1993
A SLAB OF CONCRETE WEIGHING 10 KG
A BIN LINER
A GAS CYLINDER 1 February 1990 23:00
WORK ON THE BRIDGE
WORKSITE TEMPORARILY STOPPED reason: dust fallout
ZINC POLLUTION
SANDBLASTING OF THE BRIDGE POLLUTES THE VEGETABLE GARDENS OF PFAFFENTHAL VALLEY 20 July 1989
CONCENTRATIONS OF ZINC HIGHER THAN USUAL
POLLUTION FROM HEAVY METALS Results regarding the analysis of the heavy metal content of the soils affected by the dust fallout from the sandblasting of Grand Duchess Charlotte bridge.
SOLUTIONS
A NET?
PAVEMENT IN THE MIDDLE OF THE BRIDGE?
DEMOLITION OF THE HOUSES BENEATH THE BRIDGE?
A PERMANENT WATCH? Establish a „Red Bridge“ permanent watch, in the Middle Ages they would certainly have had this idea!
AN EMERGENCY NUMBER? S.O.S. 41.28.68
THE PEOPLE LIVING THERE CLAIM A PARAPET Someone who has been run over... at the feet of a child who was playing... the traumatised schoolchild has had to receive medical treatment.
PARAPET?
PILOT PARAPET I It seems very unlikely that the minister will choose this „option”
PILOT PARAPET II
REPLY TO THE PEOPLE WHO LIVE THERE â&#x20AC;&#x17E;I understand the bitterness of those who live there... I strove for the installation of a parapet... the different possible solutions... always huge technical problems... remain determined to have the parapet built before summer...â&#x20AC;?
REPLY TO PARLIAMENTARY QUESTION NO. 24 I asked the Minister of Defence to heighten surveillance of the bridge in question.
GALLERY WITH A PLEXIGLAS ROOF „It has been proposed that a covered pedestrianised gallery be created on Grand Duchess Charlotte bridge. Yet this construction causes serious problems for the static balance of the bridge...” 25 April 1989 Parliamentary question 242
INCREASED SURVEILLANCE
PARAPET: THE CHOICE IS MADE Cost of the operation 40 million Luxembourg francs
14th International Architecture Exhibition Biennale di Venezia 2014
MODERNITY - LOVED, HATED OR IGNORED?
INVESTIGATION # 5 N° x/20 © 2014 - Laruade - Kostohryz - Langevin