Technika a pracovny zosit pre 6 roc zs

Page 1

@ubomír Žáēok

TECHNIKA A PRACOVNÝ ZOŠIT PRE 6. RO NÍK ZÁKLADNEJ ŠKOLY

2016

Autor:

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Dievčatá a chlapci, do rúk sa vám dostáva učebnica Techniky. Veríme, že vedomosti, zručnosti a pracovné návyky, ktoré si osvojíte, vám pomôžu úspešne robiť jednoduché práce v domácnosti a vytvoria základ pre ďalší rozvoj vašich technických záľub, ako napr. modelárstvo, elektrotechnika, práca s počítačom a pod. V učebnici nájdete úlohy, ktoré vám pomôžu zopakovať si prebrané učivo z techniky a spoznať nové javy a zákonitosti, ktoré sa neustále zdokonaľujú v súčasnej technickej modernej a informačnej spoločnosti. Prajeme vám, aby ste v učebnici našli poučenie, inšpirácie a nadobudli aj s pomocou vašich vyučujúcich múdry a priateľský vzťah k technike. To, aby ste mohli efektívne využiť túto učebnicu, tak sme zdôraznili texty farebnou podtlačou a znakmi, ktoré uvádzame v nižšie uvedenom texte. Želáme vám radosť z poznávania nových vecí a z dobrých výsledkov.

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Vznik nárysu pohľadom spredu

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GRVN\ SLDQtQ D NODYtURY (OHNWULFNp YODVWQRVWL GUHYD V~ YODVWQRVWL GUHYD XUþXM~FH MHKR Y]ĢDK N HOHNWULFNpPX SRĐX $N MH GUHYR Y VXFKRP VWDYH WDN VD VWiYD L]RODQWRP $N MH GUHYR YOKNp WDN VD VWiYD SRORYRGLþRP YOKNRVĢ QDG ERGRP QDVêWHQLD YOiNLHQ )DUED GUHYD NDåGê GUXK GUHYD VD Y\]QDþXMH FKDUDNWHULVWLFNRX IDUERX NWRUi MH ]iYLVOi QD PQRKêFK þLQLWHĐRFK DNR V~ UDVWRYp SRGPLHQN\ YOKNRVĢ GUHYD D SRG 9{ĖD GUHYD Pi REPHG]HQê Yê]QDP SUL PDNURVNRSLFNRP XUþRYDQt OHER VD Gi Y\XåLĢ OHQ SUL þHUVWYR VStOHQRP DOHER RSUDFRYDQRP GUHYH 1DMLQWHQ]tYQHMãLH YRĖDM~ OLPED ERURYLFD VPUHNRYHF D VPUHN SUHWRåH REVDKXM~ åLYLFH /HVN GUHYD ]iYLVt QD MHKR SRYUFKRYHM ãWUXNW~UH D UH]H 3R]GĎåQH UH]\ V~ OHVNOHMãLH DNR SULHþQ\ þR MH VS{VREHQp ]UNDGLHONDPL VWUåĖRYêFK O~þRY /HVN SR]RURYDQê QD RKREĐRYDQRP UH]H EH] LQHM ~SUDY\ PDM~ QDMYêUD]QHMãt MDYRU\ EUH]D D KUXãND 0HFKDQLFNp YODVWQRVWL GUHYD V~ YODVWQRVWL NWRUp VD SUHMDYXM~ SUL S{VREHQt YRQNDMãLHKR ]DĢDåHQLD DOHER YQ~WRUQêFK WHSORWQêFK D YOKNRVWQêFK QDSlWLDFK 'HILQXM~ VD DNR VFKRSQRVĢ GUHYD RGROiYDĢ S{VREHQLX YRQNDMãtFK PHFKDQLFNêFK VtO WR ]QDPHQi RGROiYDĢ SURWL GHIRUPiFLL D SRUXãHQLX . ]iNODGQêP PHFKDQLFNêP YODVWQRVWLDP GUHYD SDWUt SHYQRVĢ SUXåQRVĢ K~åHYQDWRVĢ WYUGRVĢ ãWLHSDWHĐQRVW 7YUGRVĢ GUHYD MH VFKRSQRVĢ GUHYD RGROiYDĢ YQLNDQLX FXG]LHKR WHOHVD 7YUGRVĢ GUHYD VD PHULD U{]Q\PL VS{VREPL QDSU YWODþRYDQtP RFHĐRYHM JXĐ{þN\ ýtP PHQHM YQLNQH JXĐ{þND GR Y]RUN\ WêP MH WYUGRVĢ GUHYD YlþãLD

Skúšanie tvrdosti dreva pomocou vtláčania oceľovej guľôčky

3UXåQRVĢ GUHYD MH VFKRSQRVĢ GUHYD QDGRE~GDĢ S{YRGQê WYDU D UR]PHU\ SR RGĐDKþHQt VNRQþHQt S{VREHQLD YRQNDMãHM VLO\

7\SLFNêP SUtNODGRP SUXåQRVWL GUHYD MH OXN 3UL QDStQDQt WHWLY\ VD GUHYHQi NRQãWUXNFLD OXNX RKêED DOH SR Y\VWUHOHQt VD YUiWL GR S{YRGQpKR WYDUX F

Skúška pružnosti dreva

Drevené kreslo - príklad pružnosti dreva

âWLHSDWHĐQRVĢ GUHYD MH VFKRSQRVĢ GUHYD GHOLĢ VD S{VREHQtP NOLQX QD þDVWL

+~åHYQDWRVĢ GUHYD MH VFKRSQRVĢ GUHYD DEVRUERYDĢ HQHUJLX EH] SRUXãHQLD ãWUXNW~U\ 3RVWXSQRVĢ REUi]NRY ãWLHSHQLD GUHYD VL P{åHã SR]ULHĢ QD ZHERYHM VWUiQNH KWWS ZZZ ERUGL]DMQ VN UXEDQLHGUHYD

Skúšanie štiepateľnosti dreva pomocou klina (sekery) Skúška pevnosti dreva v tlaku

7HFKQRORJLFNp YODVWQRVWL GUHYD 3UL GUHYHQêFK PDWHULiORFK P{åHPH YSO\YRP S{VREHQLD YRQNDMãtFK VtO PHQLĢ LFK WYDU D UR]PHU\ 2KêEDWHĐQRVĢ MH VFKRSQRVĢ GUHYD SULMDĢ ~þLQNRP S{VREHQLD YRQNDMãtFK VtO QRYê WYDU D XGUåDĢ VL KR DM NHć VLO\ SUHVWDQ~ S{VRELĢ 3RYUFK\ RKêEDQêFK þDVWt V~ KODGãLH DNR QDSU SUL GHOHQt GUHYD RKQXWp V~ SHYQHMãLH VSRWUHED HQHUJLH MH QLåãLD 7DNWR RKêEDQp GLHOFH GUHYD VD SRXåtYDM~ QD YêUREX ãSRUWRYpKR QiUDGLD D Y QiE\WNiUVWYH

Tabuľka 5: Základné vlastnosti mäkkých drevín a ich možnosti využitia 0lNNp GUHYLQ\

6PUHN

-H QLHOHQ QDMSRXåtYDQHMãtP GUHYRP Y VWDYHEQtFWYH DOH SRXåtYD VD L N YêUREH QiE\WNX D WR DNR YR IRUPH UH]LYD WDN GUHYRYOiNQLWêFK GRVLHN Y\UiEDQêFK ] GUHYHQpKR RGSDGX 9\]UHWp GUHYR Pi IDUEX VYHWO~ ELHOX Då åOWNDY~ YRQLD åLYLFRX MH ĐDKNp SUXåQp D SHYQp 2EVDKXMH SRþHWQp KUþH NWRUp P{åX E\Ģ Y\SDGDYp DOHER ]UDVWHQp -H GREUH RSUDFRYDWHĐQp GREUH VD KREĐXMH StOL SUL VXãHQt QHPi WHQGHQFLX ã~YHULĢ NU~WLĢ D GHIRUPRYDĢ VD

-HGĐD

0i GUHYR VODER ãHGRåOWp MH PHQHM RGROQp SURWL KQLOREH DNR GUHYR VPUHNRYp 9\XåtYD VD SUL YêUREH QiE\WNX D Y VWDYHEQtFWYH

%RURYLFD

0i KQHGRåOW~ IDUEX NWRUi VD QD Y]GXFKX Y\IDUEXMH GR þHUYHQRKQHGHM 'UHYR MH VPROQDWp Pi QHSDWUQê OHVN D VODER YRQLD SR åLYLFL WêP OHSãLH RGROiYD KQLOREH -H WUYDQOLYp D GREUH VD LPSUHJQXMH 3RXåtYD VD QD YêUREX RNLHQ YRQNDMãtFK GYHUt FKDWRYpKR QiE\WNX D SRG

-HOãD

ýHUVWYR ]RĢDWp GUHYR MH YêUD]QH åOWRþHUYHQp RUDQåRYp SR Y\VFKQXWt MDVQH þHUYHQRKQHGp 9R YRGH VþHUQLH -H PiOR SHYQp D PiOR WUYDQOLYp 1DMþDVWHMãLH VD SRXåtYD QD V~VWUXåHQLH Y UH]EiUVWYH DOH WDNLVWR QDSUtNODG QD SRGODK\ Y EDOHWQêFK ViODFK SUHWRåH QLH MH UR]GLHO Y WYUGRVWL ]LPQêFK D OHWQêFK OHWRNUXKRY

/LSD

0i ELHOX IDUEX V QDUXåRYHOêP DOHER þHUYHQNDVWêP RGWLHĖRP 3{VREHQtP YOKNRVWL QD OLSRYp GUHYR VD VIDUEXMH GR ]HOHQNDYD 5RþQp NUXK\ V~ QHYêUD]Qp D GRVĢ QH]UHWHĐQp LFK IDUED MH VYHWORELHOD ďDKNR VD RSUDFRYiYD KREĐXMH ãWLHSD D OHãWt .YDOLWQH Y\VXãHQp GUHYR YãDN Xå QHSUDFXMH -H WR QDMREĐ~EHQHMãLH GUHYR SUH UH]EiURY D PRGHOiURY

7RSRĐ

0i VYHWOR KQHGp Då åOWNDVWR ãHGp GUHYR -H ĐDKNp D KRGt VD KODYQH QD YêUREX SUHJOHMRN

Tabuľka 6: Základné vlastnosti polotvrdých drevín a ich možnosti využitia 3RORWYUGp GUHYLQ\

6PUHNRYHF

0i þHUYHQRKQHG~ IDUEX GUHYR MH VPROQDWp K~åHYQDWp GREUH VD REUiED MH GRVWDWRþQH WUYDQOLYp D SHYQp .OLQFRYp VSRMH YãDN GUHYR ĐDKNR ãWLHSDM~ 6PUHNRYHF MH REĐ~EHQêP PDWHULiORP QD RENODG\ VWLHQ D VFKRGRY QD YêUREX FKDWRYpKR QiE\WNX D SRG

%UH]D

0i Y PODGRVWL ELHOH QHVN{U Då UXåRYNDVWp GUHYR 7\SLFNêP ]QDNRP EUH]RYpKR GUHYD V~ GUHĖRYp ãNYUQ\ ďDKNR VD REUiED MH K~åHYQDWp D SHYQp Y RK\EH L Y ĢDKX ġDåãLH VD ãWLHSD D Pi PDO~ WUYDQOLYRVĢ +RGt VD QD ]iKUDGQê QiE\WRN

Tabuľka 7: Základné vlastnosti tvrdých drevín a ich možnosti využitia 7YUGp GUHYLQ\

'XE

0i GUHYR åOWRKQHGHM IDUE\ D Pi YHĐNê REVDK WULHVORYtQ 3DWUt N KRVSRGiUVN\ G{OHåLWêP GUHYLQiP 3RVN\WXMH FHQQ~ GUHYQ~ KPRWX NWRUi Pi ãLURNp Y\XåLWLH 'UHYR MH ĢDåNp SHYQp D SUXåQp KRGt VD DNR QD SUiFH Y VWDYHEQtFWYH WDN QD SUiFH VWROiUVNH GYHUH RNQi SUDK\ VFKRG\ D SRG

%XN

-H SHYQHMãt QHå GXE ĐDKNR VD ãWLHSD GREUH VD LPSUHJQXMH D PRUt 'RVĢ SUDFXMH D ]RV\FKi MH PiOR RGROQê SURWL KXEiP D þHUYRWRþL 3RXåtYD VD Y GUHYRVSUDFXM~FRP SULHP\VOH QD YêUREX ]QiPHKR RKêEDQpKR QiE\WNX 2GSDG VD Y\XåtYD QD YêUREX GUHYRWULHVNRYêFK GRVLHN

+UDE

0i GUHYR ãHGRELHOH -H WR QDãH QDMĢDåãLH GUHYR -H SHYQp ĢDåNR ãWLHSDWHĐQp YHĐPL ]RV\FKi D SUL VWULHGDQt YOKNRVWL UêFKOR SRGOLHKD VND]H 3RXåLWHĐQp QD GUREQê QiE\WRN VWXSQLFH VFKRGRY GUHYHQp ~FK\WN\ UXNRYlWH VNODGDFLH PHWUH ãDFKRYp ILJ~UN\ Y\UiEDOL VD ] QHKR NRON\ R]XEHQp NROHVi ãWRþN\ D QDYtMDFLH IRUP\ Y\XåtYDOR VD Y NROiUVWYH YKRGQp QD YêUREX QiUDGLD GUREQp YêWYDUQp SUiFH

-DYRU

0i GUHYR W\SLFN\ EHODYp Då åOWNDVWp VR VODER UR]R]QDWHĐQêP MDGURP /HWRNUXK\ V~ PiOR SR]QDWHĐQp EêYDM~ VSUDYLGOD ]YOQHQp 'UHYR Pi W\SLFNê KRGYiEQ\ OHVN =OH VD KREĐXMH D OHSt -H YHĐPL REĐ~EHQp Y QiE\WNiUVWYH SUHWRåH VD Gi ĐDKNR OHãWLĢ 0LPR QiE\WNiUVWYD VD GUHYR MDYRURY SRXåtYD N YêUREH GRPiFLFK QiUDGt N YêUREH KXGREQêFK QiVWURMRY KXVOH JLWDU\ ćDOHM VD SRXåtYD Y OHWHFWYH V~VWUXåQtFWYH DWć

-DVHĖ

0i GUHYR URYQRPHUQH KXVWp D ĢDåNp SUHWR VD SRXåtYD QD YêUREX ãSRUWRYpKR D WHORFYLþQpKR QiUDGLD þL SRUtVN N UXþQpPX QiUDGLX ġDåNR VD PRUt DOH GREUH VD OHãWt

%UHVW

0i SRGREQp YODVWQRVWL DNR GXE ġDåNR VD REUiED 3RXåtYD VD QD YêUREX R]GREQêFK GêK QD RENODG\ VWLHQ LQWDU]LH D SRG

+UXãND

0i GUHYR UXåRYNDVWp Då þHUYHQRKQHGp 0iOR ]RV\FKi GREUH VD LPSUHJQXMH D Gi VD GREUH OHãWLĢ 9KRGQêP PRUHQtP P{åH LPLWRYDĢ UDGX Y]iFQ\FK GUHYtQ QDSU PDKDJRQ HEHQ D SRG 'REUH Y]GRUXMH þHUYRWRþL

2UHFK

0i ãHGRKQHG~ IDUEX WPDYR SUXKRYDQ~ 'UHYR MH SHYQp SUXåQp PiOR ]RV\FKi D QHSUDFXMH 'REUH VD ãWLHSD RKêED PRUt OHãWt D LPSUHJQXMH 3RXåtYD VD Y QiE\WNiUVWYH SUL YêUREH GêK Y UH]EiUVWYH D SRG

.RY\ .RY\ WYRULD YLDF DNR WUL ãWYUWLQ\ ]R YãHWNêFK SUYNRY 3DWULD N QDMYê]QDPQHMãtP OiWNDP NWRUp þORYHN QLHOHQ GQHV DOH DM Y GiYQHM PLQXORVWL Y\XåtYDO QD YêUREX U{]Q\FK SUHGPHWRY

9 SUtURGH VD NRY\ QDFKiG]DM~ Y QHUDVWRFK NWRUp VD QD]êYDM~ UXG\ = U~G VD NRY\ ]tVNDYDM~ WDYHQtP 6XURYp åHOH]R KWWS ZZZ Y\URED]HOH]D Z] F] LQGH[ KWP VD Y\UiED YR Y\VRNHM SHFL ]R åHOH]QHM UXG\ NRNVX D ćDOãtFK SUtVDG 9êURED åHOH]D MH ]ORåLWê SURFHV NWRUê PRåQR XNi]DĢ SRPRFRX DQLPiFLL x 3UYi DQLPiFLD MH ]DPHUDQi QD SUtSUDYX åHOH]QHM UXG\ NRNVX D SUtVDG KWWS ZZZ Y\URED]HOH]D Z] F] VLPXODFLH DQLPDFLD VZI x 1D GUXKHM DQLPiFLL YLGtPH SOQHQLH SHFH KWWS ZZZ Y\URED]HOH]D Z] F] VLPXODFLH DQLPDFLDB VZI x 1D WUHWHM MH Xå SULDPD YêURED åHOH]D KWWS ZZZ Y\URED]HOH]D Z] F] VLPXODFLH DQLPDFLDB VZ 2FHĐ MH ]OLDWLQD åHOH]D V QLHNWRUêPL LQêPL SUYNDPL SUHGRYãHWNêP V XKOtNRP 9\UiED VD Y RFHOLDUVN\FK SHFLDFK D NRQYHUWRURFK /LDWLQD VD Y\UiED ]R VXURYpKR åHOH]D 6XURYLQRX QD MHM YêUREX MH VWDUi ]ORPNRYi OLDWLQD D RFHĐRYê ãURW =OLDWLQ\ NRYRY KWWS ZZZ ]VFDPNH VN SUHGPHW\ WFKY ]OL KWPO Y]QLNDM~ ]OLDWtP þLVWpKR NRYX V LQêPL NRYPL þtP VD YêUD]QH ]OHSãLD LFK YODVWQRVWL bronz ± ]OLDWLQD PHGL D FtQX mosadz ± ]OLDWLQD PHGL D ]LQNX GXUDO ± ]OLDWLQD KOLQtND D PHGL V KRUþtNRP

Výroba železa vo vysokej peci

Tabuľka 8: Rozdelenie a využitie kovov ä(/(=1e

68529e ä(/(=2 ± PDWHULiO QD YêUREX RFHOH D OLDWLQ\

1(ä(/(=1e

+/,1Ë. ± SOHFK\ GU{W\ ODQi IyOLH

/,$7,1$ ± RGOLDWN\ R]XEHQp NROHVi

2&(ď ± VWURMiUVWYR DXWRPRELORYê SULHP\VHO SOHFK\ GU{W\ SOHWLYi EHWRQiUVND YêVWXå

0(Ć ± SOHFK\ IyOLH HOHNWULFNp YRGLþH 2/292 ± V~þDVĢ QiWHURYêFK KP{W RFKUDQD SURWL U|QWJHQRYpPX åLDUHQLX =,12. ± SRXåLWLH QD SR]LQNRYDQLH RFHĐRYêFK SOHFKRY &Ë1 ± QD VSiMNRYDQLH SRFtQRYDQLH SOHFKRY

=/,$7,1< %521= ± ]OLDWLQD PHGL D FtQX YêURED þDVWL VWURMRY 026$'= ± ]OLDWLQD PHGL D ]LQNX YêURED XPHOHFNpKR NRYDQLD '85$/ ± ]OLDWLQD KOLQtND PHGL D KRUþtND YêURED UiPX ELF\NOD OHWHFNê D DXWRPRELORYê SULHP\VHO

9ODVWQRVWL NRYRY .RY\ UR]GHĐXMHPH QD åHOH]Qp D QHåHOH]Qp 0HG]L åHOH]Qp NRY\ ]DUDćXMHPH VXURYp åHOH]R RFHĐ D OLDWLQX 0HG]L QHåHOH]Qp NRY\ SDWUL KOLQtN PHć RORYR ]LQRN FtQ 3R]QiPH DM ]OLDWLQ\ NRYRY PRVDG] EURQ] GXUDO D LQp NWRUp Y]QLNDM~ ]OLDWtP þLVWpKR NRYX V LQêPL NRYPL 0RVDG] Y]QLNi ]OLDWtP PHGL D ]LQNX 5R]R]QiYDPH PHFKDQLFNp I\]LNiOQH FKHPLFNp D WHFKQRORJLFNp YODVWQRVWL NRYRY 3HYQRVĢ SUXåQRVĢ D WYUGRVĢ ]DUDćXMHPH PHG]L PHFKDQLFNp YODVWQRVWL NRYRY 3HYQRVĢ MH RGSRU NRYRYpKR PDWHULiOX SURWL SRUXãHQLX V~GUåQRVWL D ]LVĢXMH VD QLHNRĐNêPL VN~ãNDPL ĢDKRP WODNRP NUXWRP RK\ERP QiUD]RP 7YUGRVĢ MH RGSRU NRYRYpKR PDWHULiOX SURWL YQLNQXWLX FXG]LHKR WHOHVD +RGQRW\ PHG]H SHYQRVWL þL WYUGRVWL VD QDFKiG]DM~ Y WHFKQLFNêFK WDEXĐNiFK 3UL fyzikálnych vlastnostiach ]LVĢXMHPH þL V~ NRYRYp PDWHULiO\ GREUêPL YRGLþPL WHSOD D HOHNWULFNpKR SU~GX þL VD GDM~ ]PDJQHWL]RYDĢ D SRG 3UL chemických vlastnostiach ]LVĢXMHPH DNR VD VSUiYD NRYRYê PDWHULiO YR YOKNRP SURVWUHGt DNR QDĖ S{VRELD U{]QH N\VHOLQ\ SO\Q\ .RY NRURGXMH YSO\YRP S{VREHQLD N\VHOtQ SO\QRY D YOKNpKR SURVWUHGLD

Technologické vlastnosti FKDUDNWHUL]XM~ VSUiYDQLH VD PDWHULiOX SUL VSUDFRYDQt QD YêURERN ± SUL RKêEDQt ]YiUDQt NRYDQt Y\URYQiYDQt D SRG 9ãHREHFQH SODWt åH ]OLDWLQ\ NRYRY PDM~ OHSãLH PHFKDQLFNp YODVWQRVWL D þLVWp NRY\ PDM~ OHSãLH I\]LNiOQH YODVWQRVWL 9 DXWRPRELORYRP SULHP\VOH VD SRXåtYD QD ]KRWRYHQLH KRUQêFK GLHORY NDURVpULH RFHĐRYê KOERNR ĢDåQê SOHFK 1D VSRGQp GLHO\ NDURVpULH VD SRXåtYD SR]LQNRYDQê SOHFK R KU~ENH ± PP ýDVWL PRWRURY SURILO\ SUH YêSOQH GYHUt SX]GUi WOPLþRY VD Y\UiEDM~ ] KOLQtND +OLQtN VD YR YlþãLQH SUtSDGRY SRXåtYD DNR ]OLDWLQD 3RPHU MHKR PQRåVWYD Y RVREQêFK DXWRPRELORFK VD QHXVWiOH ]Y\ãXMH 9 SULHPHUH MH KOLQtNRYi NDURVpULD R ĐDKãLD DNR RFHĐRYi NDURVpULD 0RGHUQê DXWRPRELO REVDKXMH Y SULHPHUX DVL U{]Q\FK PDWHULiORY D SULEOLåQH V~þLDVWRN 9\UREHQê DXWRPRELO REVDKXMH RFHĐ OLDWLQX KOLQtN VR ]OLDWLQDPL RVWDWQp NRYRYp PDWHULiO\ D LFK ]OLDWLQ\ SODVW\ JXPD VNOR NYDSDOLQ\ RVWDWQp 8YHGHQp ~GDMH V~ ] URNX

Medený drôt ako elektrický vodič

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Vodovodné rúry z polyetylénu

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Výrobky z PVC

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PET nádoby

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Pneumatiky z gumy

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Správne držanie nástroja (rašple a pilníka)

Ukážka pohybu nástroja pri pilovaní a rašpľovaní

Rozdiel medzi rašpľou a pilníkom

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Skrutkovitý vrták použiteľný na vŕtanie otvorov do kovových materiálov

Druhy vrtákov: skrutkovitý vrták, špiralovitý vrták a špulier)

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Rôzne druhy nožníc

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Správny postup pri ručnom strihaní plechu

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Ohýbanie drôtu pomocou kliešťov s oblými čeľusťami

Ohýbanie plechu

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Suchý článok

Jednoduchý článok

Suchý článok

Akumulátor

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Schematické značky elektrotechnických súčiastok

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Jednoduchý elektrický obvod

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Postup pri poskytnutí prvej pomoci pri úraze elektrickým prúdom

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'R ]RãLWD QDStã Qi]RY HOHNWURWHFKQLFNHM V~þLDVWN\

'R ]RãLWD GRSOĖ WDEXĐNX

'R ]RãLWD QDNUHVOt ]DSRMHQLH ĐXERYRĐQpKR HOHNWULFNpKR REYRGX ] SRQ~NQXWêFK HOHNWURWHFKQLFNêFK V~þLDVWRN QD REUi]NX 1DNUHVOHQp ]DSRMHQLH SUDNWLFN\ RGVN~ãDM

-HGQRGXFKp VWURMH PHFKDQL]P\ GUXK\ SUHYRGRY

3iND ± W\þ VO~åLDFD QD SUHYRG VLO\ D GYtKDQLH EUHPLHQ .ODGND ± NRW~þ SR REYRGH NWRUpKR RELHKD ODQR UHĢD] UHPHĖ 6O~åL QD QDStQDQLH UHĢD]H ODQD UHPHĖD YHGHQLD ODQD DWć 8ĐDKþXMH GYtKDQLH EUHPLHQ .ROHVR QD KULDGHOL ± NROHVR MH SHYQH XORåHQp QD KULDGHOL QD NWRUê VD QDYtMD UHĢD] DOHER ODQR 3UtNODG ODQRYê EXERQ QD åHULDYH 1DNORQHQi URYLQD ± ãLNPi SORFKD VO~åLDFD QD ĐDKãLH QDNODGDQLH EUHPLHQ 3UHYRG\ ± PHFKDQL]P\ XPRåĖXM~FH ]PHQX RWiþDQLD DOHER SRV~YDQLD SRK\EX

Kladkostroj

Pevná kladka

Voľná kladka

3HYQi NODGND MH NROHVR NWRUp VD RWiþD RNROR SHYQHM RVL D Pi SR REYRGH åĐDE SUH ODQR 1DMþDVWHMãtP SRXåLWtP NODGLHN Y SUD[L MH NODGNRVWURM 9]QLNi VSRMHQtP SHYQHM D YRĐQHM NODGN\ 6O~åL QD YêUD]Qp ]PHQãHQLH VLO\ SRWUHEQHM QD ]GYLKQXWLH EUHPHQD

Páka

Páka v praxi

Koleso na hriadeli v praxi

Naklonená rovina v praxi

Ozubený prevod

Reťazový prevod

Remeňový prevod

Ã’/2+< 1$ =23$.29$1,( 8ý,9$ = 7(0$7,&.e+2 2.58+8 -('12'8&+e 6752-( 0(&+$1,=0< $ '58+< 35(92'29 1D REUi]NX MH ]REUD]HQê ELF\NHO 3RYHG] DNê GUXK SUHYRGX VD QDFKiG]D QD ELF\NOL

$Nê MHGQRGXFKê VWURM Y\Ã¥tYD Ã¥HULDY QD ]GYtKDQLH EUHPLHQ. .GH YãDGH VD Y\XÃ¥tYD NROHVR QD KULDGHOL" 8YHć þR QDMYLDF SUtNODGRY

Pracovný zošit

TECHNIKA PRE 6. RO NÍK ZÁKLADNEJ ŠKOLY

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ÒORKD Porozprávaj, aký prínos malo objavenie žiarovky v živote človeka.

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ÒORKD 1D REUi]NRFK V~ ]Qi]RUQHQp SUHGPHW\ ] U{]Q\FK VWUiQ 'RStã GR YRĐQêFK ULDGNRY SUtVOXãQê SRKĐDG 1D YêEHU Piã WLHWR PRåQRVWt pohľad zľava, pohľad sprava, pohľad spredu, pohľad zhora, pohľad zozadu, pohľad zdola.

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ÒGDM NWRUê KRYRUt NRĐNRNUiW MH REUD] Ylþãt DOHER PHQãt DNR VNXWRþQê SUHGPHW ýORYHN NWRUê ]RVWDYXMH SRVWXS PRQWiåH FHOpKR YêURENX .YDOLILNRYDQê URERWQtN NWRUê ]KRWRYXMH YêUREN\ ] GUHYD 7HFKQLFNê SUtVWURM XPRåĖXM~FL SRþ~YDĢ KXGEX

ÒORKD 1DStã SUHþR VD SUL WHFKQLFNRP NUHVOHQt SRXåtYDM~ U{]QH GUXK\ þLDU ÒORKD 9\VYHWOL SUHþR VD SUHGPHW\ YHĐNêFK UR]PHURY ]Qi]RUĖXM~ QD WHFKQLFNRP YêNUHVH Y ]PHQãHQêFK UR]PHURFK

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]GURM HOHNWULFNpKR QDSlWLD ± GUHYR

I\]LNiOQH YODVWQRVWL PHFKDQLFNp YODVWQRVWL

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Ă’ORKD Ĺ Ă­pkami spoj nĂĄstroj/nĂĄradie a pracovnĂş operĂĄciu. 3LOQtN 2EU\VRYDQLH 5\VRYDFLD LKOD 6WULKDQLH 5XĂžQp QRĂĽQLFH 3LORYDQLH Ă’ORKD 1DStĂŁ NWRUp PDWHULiO\ P{ĂĽHPH GHOLĢ UXĂžQĂŞPL QRĂĽQLFDPL

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zaradenĂŠ do

funkÄ?nĂŠho

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