Kinetic Facade & Pavilion Design

Explorations in Parametric Design

Ardacan Özvanlıgil

No: 10899744

2022-2023

Lecturer: Amirhossein Ahmadnia

Isovist Analysis of Wellington Civic Square

Facade

Module & Facade Algorithm

Facade Module

The main module of the facade showcases 4 rotateable triangular panels positioned along the diagonal axis, adding a dynamic and adaptable movements for each part.

Color Change

In high heat areas, the rotateable triangular panels automatically close, assuming a light color to reflect sunlight and reduce heat absorption. Conversely, in cooler areas, the rotation of the panels is adjusted to allow for less closure, enabling better heat retention and energy efficiency. This adaptive feature ensures optimal thermal regulation throughout the building.

Structural Analysis & FEM

Facade Structure Analysis Algorithm

Loads

City: New Zealand, Wellington (Windiest City in the World)

Max Wind Speed: 146.4 m/s

Wind Load: 12.86 kN

The measurement of the strength of gravity is called gravitational acceleration, and on the Earth's surface, it is approximately 9.8 meters per second squared (m/s²).

12860 N = 12.86 kN

1- Wind Load

2- Earth Gravity

Structural Requirements

The current utilization rate (29.3%) being below 50%, it is possible to employ a filled O-section made of Aluminum 'AW3004H14' with a diameter of 10 cm and thickness of 2 cm for the structure. Additionally, the compression and tension forces exerted on the material are 0.527 kN/cm2, which is well below the maximum force capacity of the material of 18 kN/cm2.

Axial Stress Graph

Utilization Graph

Material & Partial Structure by Forces

Family of Material: Aluminium

Type: O-Section

Diameter: 10 cm

Thickness: 2 cm

Type of Material: Aluminum 'AW3004H14'

E: 7000 [kN/cm2]

G12: 2700 [kN/cm2]

G3: 2700 [kN/cm2]

gamma: 27 [kN/m3]

alphaT: 2.3E-5 [1/C°]

ft: 18 [kN/cm2]

fc: -18 [kN/cm2]

flowHypo: Mises;

Environmental Analysis

Environmental Analysis Algorithm

Dry Bulp Tempreture (°C) & Relative Humidity (%)

Wind Speed (m/s) & Dry Bulp Tempreture by Various Periods (°C)

Direct Sun (°C), Sky Matrix & Radiation (kWh/m2)

Direct Sun Radiation

By collecting and analyzing data on the daily solar movements in Wellington, we gain valuable insights into various parameters of a building within the sample area. This data allows us to study the Direct Sun (°C) experienced by the building, as well as the Sky Matrix and Radiation (kWh/m2) it receives.

Impact of Facade on Direct Sun (°C)

The analysis reveals that the kinetic façade design effectively mitigates direct sunlight exposure on the building. When the triangular modules are closed, the building experiences approximately 0 to 54 hours of sunlight per hour. However, in semi-closed areas, this level of exposure persists for a longer duration, ranging from 54 to 216 hours. Thus, the kinetic façade significantly reduces direct sunlight penetration, enhancing the building's comfort and energy efficiency.

Isovist Analysis of Wellington Civic Square

Isovist Analysis Algorithm

Selected Area: Wellington Civic Square

Full Adress: Civic Square, 101 Wakefield Street, Wellington Central, Wellington 6011 ,New Zealand

Coordinates: 41°17’19.57’’ S ,174°46‘38.19’’ E

Wellington Civic Square is the vibrant heart of Wellington, New Zealand, offering a dynamic and culturally rich experience. With its open space, beautiful landscaping, and seating areas, the square provides a welcoming environment for relaxation and socializing. Hosting community events, festivals, and performances, it serves as a hub of activity.

Visibility Heat Map

Max. Visibility

Min. Visibility

Optimum Isovist Path

Urban Pavilion

Structure, Flexibility & Adaptability

The circular cells comprising the pavilion are created using coordinates on the XY plane and Z-axis. The pavilion's layout is designed to facilitate an optimal path for spatial movement. Multiple spaces are created within the pavilion, which can accommodate square cels that their diameter can be adjustable. The pavilion's structure is connected using tensile strength at six points, with two of these points supporting vertical structures that enable the cover to be formed through compression. This design is particularly beneficial in Wellington, known as the windiest city in the world, as it reduces the impact of horizontal external forces by creating open spaces within the cells, thus decreasing the surface area. Consequently, the pavilion's algorithm allows for the creation of various forms by altering the position of the points. In this proposal, the location and internal organization of the pavilion have been optimized based on visibility and circulation through isovist analysis.

This image showcases the pavilion, positioned at the most prominent and visible point and intersection of access paths within Wellington Civic Square. Surrounded by the buildings and a lively atmosphere.

A street view of Wellington Civic Square, offering a different perspective on this vibrant public space. As one walks along the streets, the eye is immediately drawn to the striking pavilion that stands proudly in the heart of the square. The pavilion's circular cell design creates a sense of intrigue and adds a contemporary touch to the surrounding urban environment.