Torontohye#143 september 2017 by Torontohye/Թորոնթոհայ

Ä´. î³ñÇ ÂÇõ 11 (143), êºäîºØ´ºð 2017 Øß³ÏáõÃ³ÛÇÝ, ÀÝÏ»ñ³ÛÇÝ, ²ÛÉ³½³Ý ä³ñµ»ñ³Ã»ñÃ

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Volume 12, No. 11 (143), SEPTEMBER 2017 Toronto Armenian Community Newspaper

TO ADVERTISE IN CANADA s ONLY ARMENIAN MONTHLY NEWSPAPER CALL 416-878-0746

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TO ADVERTISE IN CANADA s ONLY ARMENIAN MONTHLY NEWSPAPER CALL 416-878-0746

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ART and CULTURE

êºäîºØ´ºð 2017 Ä´. î²ðÆ, ÂÆô 143

Canada- 150: Armenian Canadian Achievements

Atom Egoyan s Ararat Celebrates Fifteenth Anniversary at POM

Soprano Isabel Bayrakdarian

Bayrakdarian as Leila in Bizet's Pearl Fishers.

A shining star of the Canadian musical scene is Canadian Armenian soprano Isabel Bayrakdarian. Born in Lebanon, into an Armenian family, she moved to Canada as a teenager. Bayrakdarian graduated in 1997 from the University of Toronto with an honours B.A.Sc. in Engineering Science (Biomedical Engineering The same year she was the winner of the Metropolitan Opera National Council Auditions. Bayrakdarian thereafter found her career taking rapid wing. She scored a success in the Lyric Opera of Chicago s world premiere production of William Bolcom s A View from the Bridge. The following year, she walked away from Placido Domingo s prestigious Operalia competition with first prize. More debuts followed, including her San Francisco Opera debut, as Valencienne in The Merry Widow, and her Metropolitan Opera debut, in the New York premiere of Bolcom s opera; a season later, she won plaudits as Teresa in the Met premiere of Berlioz s Benvenuto Cellini. Mozart became a specialty: Zerlina in Don Giovanni (New York, Houston, Salzburg), Susanna in Le nozze di Figaro (Los Angeles, London), and Pamina in The Magic Flute (New York, Toronto). Her roles at Toronto s Canadian Opera Company range from Gluck s Euridice to Debussy s Melisande to Poulenc s Blanche in Dialogues des Carmelites; and away from Canada, she has shone as Monteverdi s Poppea in Barcelona, Handel s Romilda (Serse) in Dresden, and Janachek s Vixen in New York, Florence, and the Saito Kinen Festival in Matsumoto, Japan. Bayrakdarian also has appeared with the premier orchestras of New York, Boston, Chicago, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Pittsburgh, Minnesota, RAI Torino, Paris, London, Vienna, Toronto, Vancouver and Montreal under the baton of such eminent conductors as Seiji Ozawa, James Conlon, David Zinman, Michael Tilson Thomas, Alan Gilbert, Nicholas McGegan, Christoph von Dohnanyi, Christoph Eschenbach, Colin Davis, Sir Andrew Davis, Nikolaus Harnoncourt, Mariss Jansons, Leonard Slatkin, James Levine, Anne Manson, Bramwell Tovey, Peter Oundjian and Richard Bradshaw. She is the featured vocalist on the Grammy-award winning soundtrack of the blockbuster film The Two Towers from The

Filmmaker Joe Berlinger and director Terry George on the set of The Promise. Photo courtesy of Jose Haro.

Lord of The Rings trilogy and on the soundtrack of Atom Egoyan's Ararat. A trance music collaboration with the electronica band Delerium garnered yet another Grammy nomination. She sings on the BBC-produced short film Holocaust - A Music Memorial Film from Auschwitz, as well as her Gemininominated film Long Journey Home, documenting her first visit to her ancestral homeland Armenia. Bayrakdarian is the winner of four consecutive Juno Awards for Best Classical Album. Her recordings with orchestra include Henryk Gorecki s Symphony No. 3 with John Axelrod conducting the Danish National Symphony Orchestra, released on the Sony Classical label, Gustav Mahler s Symphony No. 2, with Michael Tilson-Thomas conducting the San Francisco Symphony, and Respighi s Il Tramonto with Orchestre Symphonique de Laval. She is also the recipient of many awards including the Marilyn Horne Foundation Competition Award, Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee and the Diamond Jubilee Medals, the Arbor Award from the University of Toronto, the George London Foundation Award, and Canada Council s Virginia Parker Prize. She holds an Honorary Doctorate from Canada's Wilfrid Laurier University, and an Honorary Fellowship from the Royal Conservatory of Music. Bayrakdarian is on the Voice Faculty at the University of California Santa Barbara (UCSB). Source: www.bayrakdarian.com

The annual Pomegranate Film Festival (POM) will take place from November 15-19, 2017 in Toronto. POM will present an exclusive screening of Atom Egoyan s monumental film Ararat in remastered DCP format for the first time ever. The ground-breaking Canadian production celebrates its fifteenth anniversary this year, and will be screened at the Regent Theatre on Friday, November 17th. The audience will relish seeing the film s spectacular cast on the big screen, including David Alpay, Charles Aznavour, Eric Bogosian, Bruce Greenwood, Elias Koteas, Christopher Plummer and Arsinée Khanjian. Egoyan and Khanjian will participate in a special interactive discussion with the audience, making the evening an unforgettable event. The making of Ararat remains dear to Toronto s Armenian community, as many served as local actors. It continues to be cherished as a groundbreaking film on the Genocide, having opened the door for films like The Promise, The Lark Farm and Theý Cut to be made. The film has shown the world not only the dire consequences of the Armenian Genocide, but to think more deeply of the complex nature of truth, memory and denial. The screening of Ararat will be followed by the documentary, Intent to Destroy, directed by Academy Award nominated director Joe Berlinger. Following Terry George s The Promise, Berlinger shows candid behind-thescenes experiences of the cast and the details of the production of the film. The film tackles the complex nature of Turkish denial and the ways in which this strong campaign has attempted to hinder awareness of the Armenian Genocide. Berlinger brilliantly employs valuable archival evidence of the Genocide to leave no uncertainty of events.

POM is proud to also screen a couple of films involving LGBTQ issues, including the feature film, Apricot Groves, directed by Iranian director Pouria Heidary Oureh. The film is a story about Aram (played by Narbe Vartan), an Iranian-Armenian youth who lives in the United States. He returns to Armenia where he wants to arrange a formal marriage proposal to a girlfriend he had in the U.S. In Yerevan, Aram spends the day finding the perfect clothes and gifts to be presented to her family. As his brother guides him through the city, Aram s eyes are opened to new Armenian customs and traditions. Secrets are eventually revealed and Aram bravely uncovers his identity and chosen path. As an exploration of identity, the film ultimately celebrates courage and understanding. POM is excited to screen Heidary Oureh s first feature, which has recently enjoyed much success on the film festival circuit. Additionally, the festival will present Listen to Me, a documentary produced by PINK Armenia with support from the United States Embassy in Yereran. PINK Armenia, the NGO Public Information and Need of Knowledge, is a community-based LGBT organization that serves and supports the needs of its community and promotes basic human rights. Directed by Gagik Ghazareh, the film follows the stories of ten LGBT people in Armenia, telling of their experiences, sharing their voices, and especially looking at the aftermath of the explosion of the DIY PUB in Yerevan. Ghazareh is the talented artistic director at the Armenian Center for Contemporary Experimental Art and founder of the One Shot International Short Film Festival. Once again POM will showcase the best of Armenian cinematic talent from Canada and around the world.

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Canadian Delegation Discusses Bilateral Relations with Officials in Armenia and Artsakh Stepanakert, Artsakh On September 1, 2017, a Canadian delegation headed by Rev. Majed el-Shafie, founder and president of One Free World International, and Members of Parliament Tony Clement and Ms. Rachael Harder shadow ministers of Public Services and Procurement and the Status of Women, respectively, concluded their four-day fact-finding mission to the Republic of Armenia and the Republic of Artsakh. Accompanying the delegation was the Republic of Artsakh s permanent representative in North America, Mr. Robert Avetisyan and the Executive Director of the Armenian National Committee of Canada (ANCC), Sevag Belian. While there have been multiple visits by Canadian delegates to Artsakh in the past, this particular visit was special in its kind, considering that it was tasked by a specific fact-finding mission that aimed to study and reveal the gross human rights violations that were committed by Azerbaijan, during the Four-Day War in April 2016 said Sevag Belian, Executive Director of the Armenian National Committee of Canada During their visit, the delegation held several meetings with highranking officials from Armenia and Artsakh, where bilateral relations and current developments in the ongoing peace process were discussed. This visit and the delegation s special investigation into the war crimes committed by the Azerbaijani armed forces during the April aggres sion reveals important information for the international community to consider and learn the reality behind this conflict said Belian. Our expectation from the Canadian government is to continue its balanced approach towards the peaceful settlement of the conflict through the framework of the OSCE Minsk Group, advocate for the establishment of monitoring

mechanisms along the line of contact, and encourage the participation of the Republic of Artsakh in the negotiation process, which is the only fair method to reach a viable settlement of the conflict added Belian. Shortly after their arrival in Artsakh, Rev. El-Shafie and the parliamentarians were subjected to s l a n d e r o u s a t ta c k s b y t h e Azerbaijani Foreign Ministry, eventually being placed on Baku s infamous blacklist . Meanwhile, Azerbaijani state media falsely accused the ANCC with defamatory accusations of sponsoring the trip of the delegation. In an interview given to the Globe and Mail, Clement refuted the Azeri fabrications and said What I saw with my own eyes is very disturbing in terms of the atrocities that were committed by Azerbaijani forces. In terms of the political situation, I am sure I echo Global Affairs Canada when I say it is better to have a negotiated solution than a continuing war Also commenting on the issue, Shahen Mirakian, president of the ANCC said The ANCC worked with One Free World International and the governments of Armenia and Artsakh to plan the itinerary for this unprecedented fact-finding mission, without any further involvement. This mission was Rev El-Shafie s initiative and we were pleased to provide our input, make appropriate introductions and participate On September 1st, the delegation concluded its four-day trip at a press conference held at the National Assembly of the Republic of Artsakh, where they presented the preliminary results and impressions of their mission to local and international media outlets, specifically noting their reiteration to continue advocating for the peaceful resolution of the Artsakh conflict and the fundamental rights of the people of Artsakh.

Canadian delegation meets with the Armenian parliament speaker Ara Paployan (first from R) in Yerevan.

Meetings

Reciprocal bilateral exchanges between the two countries is one of t h e m o s t i m p o r ta n t f a c t o r s contributing to the advancement of relations between Canada and Armenia. We are hopeful that such visits will take place more often and they will create the necessary conditions for Canada to establish a permanent diplomatic mission in Armenia said Belian. During their meetings with Armenia s Foreign Affairs and Defence ministers, as well as the speaker of the National Assembly of Armenia, on August 29th, the sides discussed various issues pertaining to the expansion of bilateral relations between Canada and Armenia, regional developments, the ongoing peace process in the Artsakh conflict and the importance of protecting the self-determination of the people of Artsakh. While in Yerevan, the delegation also visited the Armenian Genocide Memorial, where they paid their respect to the 1.5 million innocent victims that lost their lives during the Armenian Genocide.

National NewsMedia Council, National Ethnic Press and Media Council of Canada align to strengthen inter-cultural dialogue in Canadian media The National NewsMedia Council of Canada formed a new alliance with the National Ethnic Press and Media Council of Canada. The agreement will amplify the reach of both organizations on issues of shared concern, such as press freedom, multicultural representation in the media, news literacy, and journalism ethics. This landmark agreement provides the foundation for a more productive intercultural dialogue in Canadian media, says John Fraser, President and CEO of the NNC. It recognizes the power journalism has to influence and effect significant social development. As part of the agreement, the NNC and the NEPC have agreed to act as steering committees to help each other inform and resolve editorial complaints raised against members when issues of race or ethnicity are of central focus. In addition, the two organizations have agreed to collaborate on public outreach and research projects to act as a bridge between mainstream and

multicultural media in Canada. This is the beginning of a new era for our organization and our members, says Thomas Saras, President and CEO of the National Ethnic Press and Media Council of Canada. Working with our brothers and sisters at the NNC and in the mainstream press will be extremely valuable in helping shed light on the ever-changing experiences of ethnic Canadians. The NNC was established in September 2015 as the successor organization to the former Ontario Press Council, Manitoba Press Council, BC Press Council and Atlantic Press Council. It has over 800 members representing daily and community newspapers, magazines and digital news platforms in every province in the country. The National Ethnic Press and Media Council of Canada s mission is to promote and integrate the economic, social, and cultural interests of ethnic communities into the mainstream of Canadian society. Over the last twenty-six years, the NEP has built a strong membership that today stands at more than 800 titles.

The ongoing denial of the Armenian Genocide by the Turkish government and Azerbaijan s continuous aggression against Artsakh is the continuation of the very same genocide that the Armenian people were subjected to 102 years ago said Rev. Majed ElShafie, head of the delegation and founder and president of One Free World International. From September 30 to September 1st, the delegation was hosted by the Republic of Artsakh, where similar meetings were held with the President of the Republic of Artsakh, the speaker of the National Assembly and the ministers of Defence and Foreign Affairs. The delegation also visited the frontlines and the towns and villages that saw heavy destruction by the Azerbaijani army in April 2016. This war is not only your war. It s a war for humanity. While we are calling for the peaceful resolution of this conflict, we have to understand that Artsakh has the right to exist and defend itself said Rev. El-Shafie. In Stepanakert, the delegation informed the government that they

arrived in Artsakh to conduct a factfinding investigation on the violations of the international humanitarian law and military crimes committed by Azerbaijan during the large-scale aggression launched against Artsakh in April 2016. Our message is very simple and very clear. The rights of humans and the rights of the Armenian people need to be protected said MP Rachael Harder. We believe it is in the best interest of both Armenia and Azerbaijan to reach a peaceful resolution and to arrive at a solution that respects and honours the homeland of the Armenian people concluded Harder. G o v e r n m e n t o ff i c i a l s i n Stepanakert welcomed the initiative of the delegation and stressed the importance of raising general awareness within the international community about the motives and consequences of the Azerbaijan s aggressive politics and to properly condemn those responsible for advancing the criminal activity of the Azerbaijani authorities.

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AGBU Spearheads The Promise to Educate Movement to Foster Armenian Genocide Education

Eye on the past... If you re too stuck on the past, will you miss your future? This is often something I wonder about. Whether you re mulling over a regret or bad decision, or yearning for the good old days when life was much simpler, could focusing too much on one s past stop them from shaping their future? And do I sound too much like my grandmother?? I believe that as human beings we are somewhat wired to focus on our past. Recently, I read about the human brain and its different parts. I was a little distracted in my reading as only a few parts really stuck with me perhaps I shouldn t have been trying to absorb this material while laying on a sunny dock on the edge of a cool lake (oooh shiny object hmmm do I need more sunscreen wait, did I apply any before I got out here?!) There is a part of our brain, the amygdala, that stores our most painful memories: a break-up, an accident, a loss. These are so that we learn from those events and steer clear so as not to (hopefully) subject ourselves to the hurt feelings again. In caveman days, this part of the brain would have been what would lead us to not touch fire or to not try and pet the very cute saber-toothed tiger. The other, reptilian part of the brain is that which controls instinct. Again, this part developed during caveman times and is somewhat outdated for life in modern times. This is the part of the brain that triggers our fight or flight response. Again, backed into a corner by an angry woolly mammoth would trigger the body s cortisol and release our adrenaline to make us fight our way out alternatively, it may give fuel to our legs to run as fast as we can away from imminent danger. Without looking at the past and learning about why we are the way we are or why we respond to our world around us in ways which are seemingly less logical or rational, we wouldn t understand that there s something much more powerful taking over the past. On my annual pilgrimage to the North Land otherwise known as the cottage I am left questioning many things from my past. Like why my career path took the turns that it did. Why certain people in my life were taken away too soon. Or why I was faced with so many obstacles and hurdles when it came to my renovation project. I wonder sometimes, did I not read the signs? Did I not gather enough information to make my decisions? Could I not have been more prepared? I mull these, and other questions, in my mind over and over in an attempt to find some

piece of the puzzle that will ease my mind beyond that which I already believe (albeit, sometimes with great difficulty): everything happens for a reason. Perhaps mother nature can provide more answers Have you ever watched a daddy-longlegs spider get from one place to another? These creatures are fascinating. The daddy long legs spider has a small, oval shaped body with 8 very long, hair-like legs. As it creeps and crawls, it uses one of its legs to navigate. It pauses, bobbing up and down, as it reaches around almost 270 degrees in front and to its sides with its navigational leg, as it travels from one terrain s surface to the next. If you watch casually, you may think that it s like a slightly drunk person, doing an awkward dance in an attempt to steady oneself when in reality, it is continuously gathering and processing information before it commits the rest of its entirety after all, life itself is at risk. There are times when I wish I could be like the dancing daddy long legs spider instead, I m about as impulsive as any one of the mosquitos that flies top speed towards the brightest light, only to get burned. So, if I was to encapsulate this into a statistical equation, my impulsiveness, borne out of a child-like desire to embrace life, jump head first, and feel my way through, greatly increases the probability for questioning, wondering and with a focus on my rear-view. In other words, just as Mr. Daddy long legs has a 270 degree view ahead, I am left with a 270 degree view focused on what s behind: what if I had said this? What if instead of making that right turn, I turned left? In statistics and in life there is one thing that has a probability of zero, the past is in the past and nothing can change it. And despite my reveries and desire to better understand why things are the way they are, the present will not allow me to stay in the past and in so doing, it saves me from my ponderings. In my present, I find I am surrounded by a gentle warmth as the sun has broken through the clouds and melts away my ponderings, the gentle lap-lapping of the waves against the dock are calling out that it s time for a loud splash into the black water of the lake, and the wind, rustling through the leaves, cheers me on as I hesitate for a moment thinking about the cold water. No fighting, no flight, and no amygdala to tell me that jumping in the lake will surely mean I ll freeze to my death. I can safely put my past on pause it will be exactly where I left it and venture to figure it all out in my future.

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On August 14, the Armenian General Benevolent Union (AGBU), in partnership with Survival Pictures, the production company behind The Promise, and major Armenian organizations in North America, launched The Promise to Educate campaign to raise funds for the advancement of Armenian Genocide education across the United States. Expanding on the social impact mission of The Promise and recognizing the gaps in genocide education in the U.S., AGBU and its partners have initiated a campaign to send copies of the film and relevant curriculum resources to public educational institutions across the country. While human rights issues and related history are included in the social studies curricula of the vast majority of public schools, the Armenian Genocide goes largely ignored. Currently, the Armenian Genocide is not a required subject in history courses in most schools and lack of awareness and teaching materials leaves it on the sidelines. "The primary goal of the filmmakers of The Promise was not only to bring our history to light, but to encourage a dialogue among middle school and high school students and their teachers," said AGBU Central Board Member Ani Manoukian. "The AGBU Alternative Education Department works to provide a diverse range of resources on various topics of Armenian language, history and culture for classrooms. The distribution of The Promise DVDs, along with tailored study materials, provides access to trustworthy information about the Armenian Genocide, challenging the powerful forces of denial." Donations will allow AGBU to supply Keep The Promise Educational Packages to American public middle and high schools, higher educational institutions and libraries. Each package includes a copy of The Promise DVD, a letter from filmmaker Terry George, a tailored The Promise Study Guide and a reference of Armenian Genocide curriculum resources and contacts. The package is developed in cooperation with well-known genocide education organizations, such as

the Armenian National Institute (ANI), The Genocide Education Project and the Zoryan Institute. Following the successful grassroots outreach campaign for the movie, AGBU and major Armenian organizations in North America, including the Armenian Assembly of America, the Armenian National Committee of America (ANCA), Children of Armenia Fund (COAF), the Dioceses and Prelacies of the Armenian Church of the United States and Canada, as well as other religious and cultural institutions, are again joining efforts to bring Keep The Promise Educational Packages to classrooms. "Tell the world about the Armenian Genocide, and every genocide taking place across the globe. We owe it not only to the descendants of the Armenian Genocide, but all people who are vulnerable, to learn about and learn from our history so that it is never repeated again," said filmmaker Terry George in his letter addressed to educators. "Together, through education we can raise awareness so that future generations will never forget and never stay silent." A minimum donation of $100 distributes Keep The Promise Educational Packages to five public institutions in the United States.

Three Christs, Co-Written by Eric Nazarian, to Have World Premiere at Toronto International Film Festival (A.W.) Three Christs, directed by Jon Avnet and co-written by Armenian-American screenwriter, filmmaker, and photojournalist Eric Nazarian and Avnet, will have its world premiere at the 42nd annual Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF). Three Christs follows Dr. Alan Stone, who is treating three paranoid schizophrenic patients at the Ypsilanti State Hospital in Michigan, all of whom believe they are Jesus Christ. The film stars Richard Gere, Peter Dinklage, Julianna Margulies, Walton Goggins, Bradley Whitford, and Jane Alexander. The North American premiere of FrenchArmenian filmmaker Robert Guédiguian s The House by the Sea ( La Villa ) was also announced by festival organizers. Nazarian a frequent contributor to the Armenian Weekly was born in Armenia and raised in Los Angeles, Calif. He is a screenwriter, filmmaker, and photojournalist. In 2007, Nazarian wrote and directed The Blue Hour, his first feature film, which won six international awards. In 2008, Nazarian received the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (home of the Oscars) prestigious Nicholl Fellowship in Screenwriting for his original screenplay, Giants. Nazarian s film Bolis was the recipient of the Best Short Film

Eric Nazarian

Award at the 14th ARPA International Film Festival in 2011. Nazarian is currently adapting Chris Bohjalian s critically acclaimed novel The Sandcastle Girls for the big screen. The 42nd annual Toronto International Film Festival is scheduled to be held Sept. 717 in Toronto, Canada.

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The Zoryan Institute s GHRUP: Exploring Genocide and Human Rights Below is an article written by Captain Cheng Xu regarding his experience this summer at the Zoryan Institute s two-week Genocide and Human Rights University Program (GHRUP) at the University of Toronto. What truly exceeded my expectations about the course was my engagement and interaction with fellow students. The level of academic inquiry and scholarship that was brought together by IIGHRS was unparalleled and I had not felt this challenged in a very long time. Not only were the seminar discussions dynamic and enlightening, speaking with other students during the breaks and social events reveal that this next generation of scholars is on the cutting edge of research in their respective fields. That was the most exciting part about the course for me. The interaction and networking alone was inspiring and motivated me to reach for a higher level of scholarship. My name is Cheng and I am a first year PhD student at the University of Toronto in the Political Science department. I have served in the Canadian Armed Forces for over nine years and I study state violence and counterinsurgency. I was introduced to the Genocide and Human Rights University Program (GHRUP) from my long-time mentor, Dr. Alan Whitehorn, a leading scholar in the field of the Armenian Genocide. Dr. Whitehorn taught my undergraduate level course on genocide studies and spoke highly of the program and encouraged me to take it when I have the chance. GHRUP is a two-week intensive academic program designed to bring together students from various national backgrounds across all academic disciplines for an integrated approach to learn and discuss the issues in the field of Genocide and Human Rights studies. Within GHRUP, students have the benefit of exposure to a wide range of topics from a diverse set of instructors, each with their expertise to contribute to the overall learning experience. Students also have the option of taking this course towards a graduate level credit at their home institutions. My

interests were piqued immediately and I went to find out more on the website of the International Institute for Genocide and Human Rights Studies (IIGHRS). The IIGHRS website states that the course is taught by 12 leading experts in their fields over a 2-weeks period. This was the most crucial determining factor for me to take this course. Genocide, mass atrocities, state violence, and human rights had already been well within my own research interests, but the chance to meet and interact with renowned scholars in the field was invaluable to me prior to going on this course. I was pleased to see that there is coverage of the theories and debates within the field, as well as a wide range of case studies for comparative analysis. Throughout the two-weeks, I was for the most part, very much impressed by the scholars and lecturers who taught the course. They were able to provide incredible insights and analysis on subjects and introduced me to perspectives and methodologies that I had not previously considered. The students were drawn from a diverse background in terms of academic disciplines, nationalities, and professions. While most were academics, many of the students have also had professional experiences working in the field of human rights law. The diversity of the student body was one of the biggest advantages to this course as it was able to integrate a variety of theoretical perspectives, from history, to political science, to sociology, to anthropology, as well as bring grounding to the theory from pragmatic experiences in praxis. Students benefitted from the pragmatic challenges and insights faced by practitioners and those with professional experience and exposed to the issues surrounding the translation of theory to practice. I found myself well situated within both worlds in among the students in the sense that I ve had much academic training, equal time in the professional world through my military service. I found that bridging the gap between to two worlds in the discussion to be simple and seamless for me and I was able to relate to my colleagues no matter where they situated

Cheng Xu participating at the GHRUP sessions this summer in Toronto.

themselves, whether as academics or as professionals. My intention to take the course was to enhance my own understanding in the field, discovering additional resources for my own research and dissertation, with the eventual view of establishing myself as a scholar in the field of studies on state violence, mass atrocities, and genocide. From a pedagogical perspective, it was my experience that this course was well planned and set up to serve its intent. It followed a logical progression, from introductions of theories and methodologies to case studies, presented in chronological order, to the future of the field of genocide and human rights. I highly enjoyed the intensity-format of this course. I had not taken anything of the sort throughout my academic career and this was the first of its kind for me. The format ensured focus on the discussions at hand without distraction and was purpose-driven and goal-oriented. I believe this course should be maintained in its current format both pedagogically and logistically. From a pedagogical perspective, the two-week intensity not only put students in the correct mindset, but it also helped the students bond

as a cohesive group over the course of the two weeks. By the end of the course, students have made lasting connections and friendships as a result of the intense shared academic experience. From a logistical point of view, this method is advantageous because it fits very well within the academic school year. It does not impinge on other academic commitments. For working professionals, the two-week block can be managed by taking vacation time away from work, as was with my case. Whereas if the course was more spread out, it would have been difficult for me to take a long-dispersed time away from work to take this course. Another personal advantage I found to this course was that it put me in an academic frame of mind. I had been in the work force for nearly five years and have not had much opportunities to engage with academia in that time. However, this course was able to help me refocus and re-hone my academic and critical thinking faculties, in the sense that I had to hit the ground running. I now feel much more prepared to take on my PhD studies after such a long hiatus from academia.

Tebi or Not Tebi ? That Is the Question By Mari Tikoyan Should all Armenians go Tebi Yergir? The idea of Armenians moving back to Armenia has been a heavily discussed topic amongst the Armenian community. During my time interning for the Armenian National Committee of America, I have come across Armenians who have completely opposite opinions on this issue. Some people believe that every Armenian must move back to strengthen Armenia and preserve Armenian culture. Others have no desire to move to Armenia and enjoy living in the diaspora. However, my summer in Washington has allowed me to finally answer the question of going Tebi Yergir. During my first week in the ANCA Leo Sarkisian Program, I got into a discussion about going Tebi Yergir with a fellow intern. My colleague basically argued that all Armenians should move back to the Homeland because assimilation is inevitable and one must take the appropriate measures to strengthen and preserve our culture. I thought long and hard about this concept; I even pictured how life would be if I picked up everything and decided to move to Armenia. After imagining such scenarios, I realized that the idea of moving Tebi Yergir may not be for me. There are so many benefits of the Armenian diaspora. I believe it is one of the greatest strengths for Armenia. Some overlook the benefits and even go so far as to argue that Diasporans are not real Armenians. In my case, being a diasporan Armenian has only strengthened my desire to maintain my

history and culture. From a young age, I joined almost every Armenian youth organization imaginable. I was involved in AYF, ACYOA, and I went to Armenian school. I would drive about an hour into a different state just to go to an Armenian church. I would drive about an hour just so I could get together with my Armenian friends from the DC area. I would spend countless weekends at Armenian events and I always longed for weekends with my Armenian friends. Yes, my Armenian may not be the most fluent, it may take me a while to read a sentence in Armenian, I may not hang out with my Armenian friends as frequently as others, I may live in a smaller Armenian community and I may not have a desire to spend my life in Armenia. However, I have always gone the extra mile to maintain my Armenian heritage. I have always been proactive in keeping my connection with the Armenian community. I want to give back and help contribute to making Armenia a better place. So when I hear some argue that diasporan Armenians do a terrible job in maintaining the Armenian culture, I cannot help but get frustrated. Being Armenian is so much more than knowing the language, knowing every bit of Armenian history, and wanting to live in Armenia. Being Armenian is about embracing your Armenian background, informing those around you of our struggles as a nation, and working to create a better Armenia for those in the generations to come. Interning for the Armenian National Committee of America has taught me just that. The ANCA works tirelessly to bring Armenian

ANCA Leo Sarkisian Intern Mari Tikoyan with Congressional Armenian Caucus Co-Chair Jackie Speier (D-CA), one of two U.S. House members of Armenian descent.

issues to the forefront, support the Armenian cause, and help create a better Armenia. The Armenian National Committee of America has reaffirmed my faith in the Armenian diaspora. In working on the various projects this summer with supporters from across the US, I have seen the commitment, the passion, and drive our community members demonstrate to strengthen the Armenian Homeland. I ve witnessed the benefit of the Armenian diaspora throughout my entire life. Had I not been the sole Armenian in my high school, none of my classmates would have known about Armenia or Artsakh. If I did not live with non-Armenian roommates in college, they would have never heard about the Armenian Genocide or have the chance to attend the

annual protest in front of the Turkish Embassy. If Aram Hamparian was not in front of the Turkish Ambassador s residence on May 16th iPhone in hand - people may never have seen the brutal beating of peaceful protesters by President Erdogan s bodyguards. I am forever grateful to live in the diaspora because I have the chance to educate those around me and bring awareness to Armenian issues. So no, I do not think one must go Tebi Yergir to preserve the Armenian culture. Just one look at the dedicated Armenian communities around the globe serves as enough proof that the Armenian diaspora is alive and well and the important role they play in the life of the Armenian nation.

ARMENIA

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New Embassy Is Sign of Strengthening Chinese-Armenian Ties By Oksana Musaelyan Armenian President Serzh Sargsyan meets with his Chinese counterpart Xi Jinping in Beijing in March 2015. China is building a new embassy in Yerevan that, once completed, will be Beijing s second biggest in the former Soviet Union. The project is a sign of China s growing economic and diplomatic roles in Armenia. The groundbreaking ceremony on August 9 was attended by Armenian Foreign Minister Edward Nalbandian and Chinese Assistant Foreign Minister Li Huilai. The building is projected to be completed in 2019 and measure 40,000 square meters. Relationships are developing quickly, and, naturally, more efforts and employees are needed, and also a larger building, Tian Erlong, China s ambassador to Yerevan, said at the ceremony. It is obviously the desire of this country [China] to further intensify its policy in the region, Armenia s Deputy Foreign Minister Shavarsh Kocharyan told journalists. While China is expanding its influence around the world, Armenian officials contend that their relatively multi-vector foreign policy gives Yerevan an advantage in gaining Beijing s attention. Armenia is attractive to China because not only is it a strategic partner of Russia, but it also has a very good relationship with the European Union, with which we will soon sign a new agreement, said Karen Bekaryan, an MP from the governing Republican Party of Armenia. Armenia has traditionally warm relations with the United States, has traditionally good relations with the Arab world. Armenia is angling to become China s

Senior Armenian and Chinese officials break ground on the site of a new Chinese embassy building in Yerevan, 9 August 2017.

favored diplomatic partner in the region. China is attracted to Armenia for developing its diplomacy which is impossible for China in Georgia because of the latter s strongly proWestern orientation, claimed Gor Sarkisyan, country director of the Chinese governmentrun Confucius Institute, in an interview with EurasiaNet.org. China has huge business interests in Georgia, but Tbilisi isn t as attractive as a political partner. If Armenia is making a turn to China, it began with the 2015 visit of President Serzh Sargsyan to Beijing, where the two sides signed a declaration of friendly cooperation, as well as agreements on economic, political, and military ties. China has invested heavily in iron mining in Armenia, and trade between the two countries is growing rapidly, although turnover is still less than with neighboring Azerbaijan

New Armenia-Karabakh Highway Inaugurated

Cars on a newly constructed highway connecting Karabakh to Armenia.

(RFE/RL)- A newly built second highway connecting Armenia to Nagorno-Karabakh was inaugurated in the presence of President Serzh Sarkisian and other senior officials. Work on the 115-kilometer -long road began in 2011 and was essentially completed months before the inauguration ceremony, costing 17 billion drams ($36 million) in funding. The Armenian and Karabakh governments footed 56 percent of the bill. The rest of the sum was raised by the Hayastan All-Armenian Fund in annual telethons broadcast from Los Angeles in 2013 and 2014. In a statement on the ceremony, the pan-Armenian charity headquartered in Yerevan noted the strategic significance of the project. Passenger and cargo traffic between Armenia and Karabakh has until now been mainly carried out through a highway passing through Lachin, one of the seven districts in Azerbaijan proper that were partly or fully occupied by Karabakh Armenian forces during the 1991-1994 war. The Lachin road stretches for more than

80 kilometers from the Karabakh capital Stepanakert to the southeastern Armenian town of Goris. It was built in 1997 with the financial assistance of the Armenian Diaspora and the late U.S.-Armenian billionaire Kirk Kerkorian in particular. The second highway runs from the northern Karabakh town of Martakert to Vartenis in eastern Armenia through the Kelbajar district that has been under Karabakh Armenian control since 1993. Officials say that the new highway will not only shorten travel time between Yerevan and northern Karabakh but also stimulate economic activity in nearby rural communities and bring more tourists to the Armenian-populated territory. In particular, it will significantly facilitate visitors access to two medieval Armenian monasteries located in the area. The Vartenis-Martakert road should also benefit an Armenian company mining gold and copper in northern Karabakh. It is Karabakh s single largest corporate employer and taxpayer.

and Georgia. For Armenia, China in 2015 ranked behind only Russia on the list of the country s top import/export partners. In 2016, Armenia became a dialogue partner with the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. Officials in Yerevan hope this status can enhance the chances of Armenia becoming a node in China s ambitious One Belt, One Road infrastructure program. A Chinese company is currently conducting a feasibility study for the construction of the Armenian section of the long-planned TehranYerevan railroad. The project has an estimated price tag of up to $5 billion, said Sergey Manasaryan, Armenia s ambassador to China, in an interview with website EADaily. The lion s share of Armenia s exports to China is copper concentrate, and so there is practically no real trade, Manasaryan said. But another Chinese company is conducting

a feasibility study to build a $500-million copper smelting plant in Armenia, he said: God willing, it will be finished this year. One factor currently hindering the development of closer relations with China is a lack of Chinese speakers in Armenia. But that is starting to change. At the Confucius Institute, the number of students in Chinese language courses jumped from about 120 in 2014 to more than 300 last year, Sarkisyan said. Meanwhile, Yerevan State University s Department of International Relations started offering Chinese language courses three years ago and the school now has 45 prospective diplomats who are learning Chinese, said Arthur Israelyan, the head of the university s Chinese Department. In addition, the Chinese and Armenian governments are jointly building a school for Chinese language studies: construction started in 2014 and the facility is scheduled to open next year. It will accommodate up to 650 students and will be the largest training center for teaching Chinese in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. It would educate Armenian students starting from the fifth grade, as well as hold summer programs for students from neighboring countries. Learning Chinese has become a matter of prestige now in Armenia, Izabella Muradyan, director of Yerevan s Chinese Center for Science and Culture told EurasiaNet.org. The growing number of Armenian people, and especially young people, learning Chinese is pragmatic: the Armenian political and economic elite understands that it is beneficial for them to cooperate with China.

Sarkisian To Set Up Pan-Armenian Council

Armenian President Serzh Sarkisian and Diaspora Minister Hranush Hakobian meet with members of the Armenian community in Massachussetts, 31Mar2016.

(RFE/RL)- President Serzh Sarkisian is pressing ahead with plans to form an advisory pan-Armenian council that will consist of senior officials from Armenia and representa tives of its worldwide Diaspora. Sarkisian met with the chairman of the Armenian Constitutional Court, Gagik Haruti unian, and other state officials on Friday to discuss ongoing preparations for the inaugural session of the council which his office said will take place next year. Plans for creating such a body were first announced in 2015 by a high-level commission that organized official commemorations of the 100th anniversary of the Armenian genocide in Ottoman Turkey. The commission was head ed by Sarkisian and comprised other senior Armenian state officials as well as the top clerics of the Armenian Apostolic Church and leaders of some Diaspora organizations. It was agreed that the council will seek greater international recognition of the geno cide, examine conditions of Armenians around the world and coordinate pan-Armenian activities. Practical modalities of its creation were supposed to be worked out by a task

force headed by Hartiunian and Vigen Sarg sian, the then chief of the presidential staff who became Armenia s defense minister last October. A statement by the presidential press service said Harutiunian presented approach es and mechanisms for the council s formation during Friday s meeting chaired by Sarkisian. It said the head of state instructed officials to draft a package of corresponding decisions that will be discussed at an Armenia-Diaspora conference slated for next month. One of those documents will relate to the agenda of the first council meeting to be held in 2018. The statement did not specify whether the Pan-Armenian Council will hold its first meeting before or after Sarkisian completes his final presidential term in April 2018. The president has still not publicly clarified whether he plans to stay in government in another capacity. There are an estimated 8 million to 9 million ethnic Armenians around the world. Only up to 3 million of them live in Armenia. Most of the others reside in Russia, the United States, Europe and the Middle East.

ARMENIA

Government Sees Strong Growth in Armenian Brandy Industry

Grapes harvested at a vineyard in the Ararat Valley, 9Sep2013.

(RFE/RL)- Armenia s wine and brandy companies will likely increase grape purchases from local farmers by 28 percent this year after posting sharp production gains in the last 18 months, Agriculture Minister Ignati Arakelian said recently. Arakelian spoke at a meeting with senior executives of those companies held by Prime Minister Karen Karapetian. It focused on government support for a major sector of the Armenian economy providing income to tens of thousands of grape farmers. According to Agriculture Ministry projections cited by Arakelian, the country s

2017 grape harvest is on track to shrink by 10 percent due to an unusually cold winter that severely damaged many vineyards. Nevertheless, the ministry expects wholesale grape purchases by Armenian distilleries to rise to 141,000 metric tons from 110,000 tons in 2016. Arakelian implicitly attributed that to a nearly 30 percent rise in exports of Armenian brandy which he said was registered so far this year. Russia is the main export market for the alcoholic beverage. According to the National Statistical Service (NSS), brandy and wine production

in Armenia soared, in physical terms, by 61 percent and 30 percent respectively in the first half of 2017. The NSS reported less drastic but still double-digit production increases in 2016. Output in the sector contracted in 2015 primarily because of a sharp depreciation of the Russian ruble. Many local firms struggled to pay grape farmers as a result. Some small manufactures also delayed payments for grapes purchased from mostly subsistence farmers last fall. Hundreds of such villagers staged angry protests this winter and spring. Arakelian, who managed Armenia s largest brandy producer until being named agriculture minister last October, was reported to urge all liquor firms to sign contracts with their grape suppliers in order to avoid problems. Karapetian, for his part, promised continued government support for the winemaking industry. He said his government is already subsidizing loans extended to brandy and wine companies for grape purchases. It also engineered late last year a significant cut in the price of natural gas used by them, the premier said. I don t know of many other governments that provide so much financial and other assistance to the agriculture sector, Karapetian added, according to the government statement. The statement said the industry executives presented their problems, proposals and

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Fewer Armenians Involved in Agriculture (RFE/RL)- Despite strong growth in agriculture reported by the Armenian government, the number of people involved in the sector has declined considerably in the last few years, according to official statistics. Figures from the National Statistical Service (NSS) show that there were a total of 338,000 farmers and other agricultural workers in Armenia last year, down from 437,200 in 2012. Economic growth in the country all but ground to a halt last year. Finance Minister Vartan Aramian attributed the slowdown to a revised calculation of domestic agricultural production which was carried out shortly after last fall s government reshuffle in Yerevan. The previous Armenian cabinet claimed until then that both the agricultural sector and the economy as a whole are on track to grow in 2016. Government officials blamed the drop on unfavorable weather conditions. Agricultural output shrank by 1.4 percent in the first half of this year following an unusually cold winter. The plight of our villagers is very difficult now, Agriculture Minister Ignati Arakelian said recently. Arakelian, who was appointed in October, said the mostly subsistence farmers are struggling to grow the right crops and sell them at a profit.

Further Growth Recorded in Armenian Diamond Industry (RFE/RL)- Armenia s diamond-processing industry, once a key sector of the national economy, has continued to grow rapidly this year after a decade of decline that began in the early 2000s, official statistics show. According to the National Statistical Service (NSS), Armenian firms manufactured 90,776 carats of gem diamonds in the first half of 2017, up by 53.5 percent from the same period in 2016. Refined diamonds were Armenia s most important export item throughout the 1990s, providing jobs for thousands of people. The sector had a rough time in the following years due to a host of mainly external factors, including a loss of reliable suppliers of rough diamonds. The onset in late 2008 of a global financial crisis only aggravated the slump, with Armenian diamond output plummeting by half in 2009 to less than 50,000 carats. The volatile sector s ensuing slow recovery accelerated in 2013. The industry contracted sharply in 2014 but returned to double-digit growth the following year. Its combined output surged by 54 percent

The Armenian Ministry for Economic Development reported on Tuesday that one of its senior officials, Gagik Mkrtchian, and Armenia s ambassador to Russia, Vartan Toghanian, met with a Russian deputy finance minister in Moscow this week to discuss ways of boosting Russian diamond supplies. An agreement was reached on taking practical steps as early as possible, it said in a statement. The statement cited Mkrtchian as saying that the agreement s implementation will contribute to continued growth in the Armenian diamond-processing sector. It did not elaborate.

Workers at a diamond-processing plant near Nor Hajn.

in 2016, to 125,431 carats. The figure was still well below the 2003 level of almost 290,000 carats recorded by the NSS. The country s diamond-cutting companies employed more than 2,000 people at the time. The largest of those companies belong

to Western investors that supply them with mostly African rough diamonds. The Armenian government has long been trying to facilitate imports of more uncut diamonds from Russia, which has one of the world s largest deposits of the precious stone.

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ARTSAKH

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Karabakh: De-mining Continues Amid Rising Tension By Stephen M. Bland (EurasiaNet)- At 7 AM on a recent Monday morning, the staff of the HALO Trust gathered at their compound in Stepanakert, the capital of Nagorno-Karabakh. This summer, tension has been running high amid frequent exchanges of gunfire along the line of contact separating Armenian and Azerbaijani forces. Amid the constant chatter of the rising risk of a resumption of all-out warfare in Karabakh, HALO Trust staffers are continuing their work of trying to eradicate a pernicious legacy of the conflict. As the world s largest humanitarian mine clearance organization, the HALO Trust has had a permanent presence in Karabakh since 2000. There are currently 210 staff working at 15 sites, Amasia Zargarian, the Caucasus Program Support Officer, told EurasiaNet.org. Since 1995, landmines have caused 370 civilian casualties in Karabakh, one of the highest per capita rates in the world. At its peak in 2004, 43 casualties involving mines and unexploded ordnance were recorded. By 2016, that figure fell to just a single incident. One of the biggest issues facing the HALO Trust is that the bulk of mined areas are located beyond the Soviet-era boundaries of Karabakh, creating problems in terms of funding and accessibility. Our biggest donor, USAID, and other bilateral donors aren t willing to fund clearance conducted beyond the Soviet-era boundaries,

HALO Trust demining work in Nagorno Karabakh

Zargarian explained. A couple of years ago, though, we had a private family foundation based in the US who pledged up to $4M in matched funding to clear Karabakh by 2020. Political sensitivities complicate HALO s work, according to Zargarian. Azerbaijan doesn t like the fact that we work here, he explained. They lobby very actively to stop what we re doing especially in the US Congress saying we work with the [Armenian] military. Zargarian rejected the accusation of bias. We re very careful in maintaining ourselves as a non-political organization, he said. The flare-up of fighting in April 2016

marked a setback for the HALO Trust s efforts. After the heavy fighting died down between Armenian and Azerbaijani forces, HALO representatives discovered new areas of contamination. There are large swathes in the Lachin Corridor and the south-east we re not clearing at the moment because they re very close to the line of contact, he said, adding that the organization is conducting an awareness campaign to teach children to stay away from ordnance that litters the area. De-mining is a painstaking process. A crowdfunding campaign in 2016 raised $30,000 towards clearance efforts of a

minefield just beyond the Soviet-era boundary near Myurishen (Miru en), a village in the Khojavend Region of Azerbaijan, occupied by Armenian forces. The mines here were laid by Armenians to protect the village, area supervisor Arkadi Zakharyan explained. One of the deminers was posted here during the war, so he knows where some are planted. At a second site near the village of Harav, in Azerbaijan s Khojaly Region, the stillness was broken by the hammering of markers into the ground; red sticks demarcated the limits of a cleared area, yellow the site of destroyed mines. In Harav, mines were planted close to the footpaths, but they re long since overgrown, Zakharyan said. When we surveyed this area, we found a 320 centimeterlong Grad missile still live and being used as part of a fence. Zargarian, the program officer, said that despite the rising risk of conflict, HALO Trust remains hopeful that it can have all currently known minefields cleared by 2020. Overall, we ve cleared approximately 90 percent of known mined areas, Zargarian said. We know it s a really ambitious goal, but we think it s achievable. Editor's note: Stephen M. Bland is a freelance journalist who covers the Caucasus and Central Asia.

Azerbaijan Building Up Forces in Nakhchivan Azerbaijan is carrying out a substantial military buildup in the exclave of Nakhchivan, as the territory s strategic significance increases for both Baku and its foe, Armenia. Nakhchivan is separated from the rest of Azerbaijan by a slice of southern Armenia, and it does not border Nagorno-Karabakh, the focus of the ongoing conflict between the two states. But it is the closest part of Azerbaijani territory to Yerevan and other strategic Armenian targets. Accordingly, with the prospect of a renewal of total war appearing to increase, Nakhchivan is becoming a flashpoint. Another strategic consideration for Azerbaijani planners is that Nakhchivan is the ancestral home of President Ilham Aliyev s family. Azerbaijan has set up a new unit, known as the Combined Army Unit (Special Forces), based in Nakhchivan. It also has sent new air defense systems to the territory, as well as rockets and artillery, including Smerch, T-300 Kasirga, and T-122 Sakarya multiple-launch rocket systems. And it now holds annual joint military exercises in Nakhchivan with Turkey. The enemy should know that Nakhchivan is defended by the most professional army, said Defense Minister Zakir Hasanov at the most recent iteration of the exercises in June. Nakhchivan saw fighting during the hot phase of the Karabakh conflict in the early 1990s, but the region was relatively quiet in the more recent past. Of late, sniping and shelling has centered around the line of contact separating the two sides in and around Karabakh. That has begun to change, though, as the Nakhchivan-Armenia border saw several skirmishes in the April 2016 flare-up of heavy fighting. And in August 2016, Azerbaijan shot down a reconnaissance drone that it said Armenia had sent into Nakhchivan. The enemy must be aware that if there is a provocation against Nakhchivan, we will initiate a robust response, and within a few minutes, all [Armenia s] major cities will be attacked, Hasanov said shortly after last

April s fighting. Everyone knows that Nakhchivan s defense has been organized at the highest level and the most professional army is defending Nakhchivan. The buildup in Nakhchivan has been closely monitored in Armenia. We need to understand that we face a threat of the renewal of hostilities, and that the aggression from the enemy could be initiated from any direction, said Armenian analyst Grant Melik Shahnazaryan. Azerbaijan s overhaul in Nakhchivan began in about 2013, when Hasanov carried out a shakeup of senior military officers in the region, and President Aliyev signed a decree to bolster the military forces in Nakhchivan. At present, Azerbaijan has about 20,000 soldiers based in Nakhchivan (out of an estimated 67,000 total active duty troops), and around 400 armored vehicles, aircraft, air defense systems, and artillery systems. The focus has not been on the quantity of forces, but the quality, one Azerbaijani officer told EurasiaNet.org, speaking on condition of anonymity. The transformation was not in the number of active personnel the improvement was to the internal structure of the forces, and greater autonomy in decision-making in the event of a security threat, the officer said. Turkish assistance has played a key role in the buildup. Ankara s actions are connected to its security guarantee for Nakhchivan that it maintains under the terms of the 1921 Kars Treaty between Turkey and the Soviet Union. In addition to the annual exercises with Turkey, Azerbaijan has sought to increase Turkey s visibility as a military player in the region, for example by holding a trilateral defense ministerial meeting between Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Turkey there. In addition, a kind of gentlemen s agreement has been established: when senior Turkish military officers or civilians working on defense issues visit Azerbaijan, they also stop in Nakhchivan. The buildup has gained new impetus in the last year. After Armenia s acquisition of powerful Russian Iskander ballistic missiles

Ilham Aliyev (right) visits a Combined Army Unit base in Nakhchivan in January 2017. (Photo by: Azerbaijani Presidential Press Service).

which for the first time has opened up the possibility of striking Baku, oil infrastructure, and other strategic targets in Azerbaijan Baku has increasingly referred to Nakhchivan s military value as a location for a counterattack. The border of Nakhchivan is just 60 kilometers from Yerevan, meaning that Azerbaijan s Smerches (with a range of 90 kilometers) and the Kasirgas (100 to 120 kilometers) could easily reach the capital. The Nakhchivan army is capable of completing any task, President Aliyev said during a visit to the territory in January. Today, the military potential of Nakhchivan is at the highest level. The most modern equipment, weaponry, ammunition are sent here. Both sides, however, appear to realize that attacking each other s capitals would invite a destructive counterattack, and so an attack from Nakhchivan would seem only a last resort. In particular, an attack on Armenia from Nakhchivan could prompt Yerevan to demand that, under the provisions of the Collective Security Treaty Organization, Russia intervene on its behalf, an escalation that Baku

absolutely hopes to avoid. In the worst case scenario of total war, the short distance between Nakhchivan and A r m e n i a s s t r a t e g i c l o c a t i o n s a n d infrastructures makes it even harder for Armenia to detect, track, intercept and destroy the attacking missiles launched from Nakhchivan, said Fuad Chiragov, an analyst with the Azerbaijani government-run think tank Center for Strategic Studies. But, he added, Given that Armenia is a member of the CSTO, Azerbaijan is unlikely to make the first move in terms of using its military capacity in Nakhchivan as an offensive tool.

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ARTS AND CULTURE

Syrian-Armenian Artist Kevork Mourad s Immortal City to Be Presented at Brandeis University

WALTHAM, Mass. The Rose Art Museum at Brandeis University recently announced that it will present Immortal City, an exhibition of new paintings by acclaimed Syrian-Armenian artist Kevork Mourad created in response to the war in Syria and the destruction of the artist s beloved city of Aleppo. The exhibition will take place Sept. 8, 2017Jan. 21, 2018. Kevork Mourad, born in Syria in 1970, is known for paintings made spontaneously in collaboration with composers, dancers, and musicians. Of Armenian descent, Mourad performs in his art both a vital act of remembering and a poetic gesture of creativity in the face of tragedy, as he mediates the experience of trauma through finely wrought, abstracted imagery that celebrates his rich cultural heritage even as he mourns its loss. Mourad s paintings ask viewers to stop

and bear witness, to see the fragments of a culture destroyed textiles, ancient walls, Arabic calligraphy, and bodies crushed by war. Using a unique method that incorporates monoprinting and his own technique of applying paint with one finger in a sweeping gesture, Mourad produces paintings that are fantastical, theatrical, and lyrical, the line reflecting the music that is such an integral part of his practice. An 18th century etching from the Rose s permanent collection by Italian artist Giovanni Battista Piranisi will accompany Mourad s work and locate Mourad s practice within a centuriesold artistic interest and fascination with the city in ruins. In times of conflict or crisis, artists can operate as our conscience, says Kristin Parker, deputy director of the Rose and the organizer of the exhibition. Over 400,000

Wikimedia, Gulbenkian Foundation Host Wiki Camp for Western Armenian

The Wikimedia Foundation and the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation hosted the Third International Wiki Camp for Western Armenian from Aug. 12 to 20. Forty-four participants from Armenia, Lebanon, Istanbul, France, Greece, and the United States had an opportunity to write and edit articles for the Armenian Wikipedia page. The Armenian Communities Department of the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation began supporting Wikimedia Armenia in 2015 to encourage young authors to populate the website with Western Armenian articles. Western Armenian was placed in the Atlas of World s Languages in danger by UNESCO in 2010. Through the Wiki Camps and the dedicated volunteers, Western Armenian articles have increased since the start of the project. In 2015, there were 650 Wikipedia articles; in the beginning of 2017, the article count was 5,565. During the week-long program, the 1625-year-old participants were trained on how to edit articles and write new ones with all of their components, and they participated in various activities throughout the day that

encouraged the teenagers to write, talk, and read in Armenian in a casual, fun, and a dynamic environment. Verginie Touloumian, the representative from the U.S., had an opportunity to edit the pages of Simon Vratsian and the Armenian Youth Federation (AYF), and write new articles about the Vorsgan Group, Bedo, Vahan Navasartian, and the Battle of Mush s St. Arakel Cathedral. It was inspiring to see that teenagers dedicate hours a week to populate the website with information, said Touloumian. Through the program, we are combating the extinction of the language and encouraging the [expansion] of research topics available for people searching in Western Armenian, Touloumian added. Although the core objective of the Wiki Camp was to encourage participants to write in Western Armenian and use the language as an everyday means of expression, it also aimed to foster an exciting environment in which new friendships across the world were built. As participants departed, they received certificates of completion and vowed to continue adding to the archives of the popular website.

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people have died in the Syrian conflict, and more than 6.5 million people have been displaced. This multicultural country has been fractured and desperately impoverished, resulting in the international plight of refugees today. Mourad s exhibition expresses our shared humanity, while the accompanying programs aim to help us contend with loss and devastation, to encourage hope and empathy, and to share ways in which the preservation of heritage and the arts can contribute to building human resilience. A series of programs will be presented alongside the exhibition, including a multi-day workshop Nov. 7-9 titled Culture Cannot Wait; it will bring a range of experts working to preserve cultural heritage in times of crisis to the Waltham campus, presented in collaboration with the International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property, Rome, and Brandeis s Heller School for Public Policy. This invitationonly workshop will offer a public program on Nov. 7. On Nov. 4, Mourad and clarinetist/ composer Kinan Azmeh will perform Home Within, an audio-visual performance that has toured the world in efforts to raise awareness and funds for Syrian refugees. In this work, art and music develop in counterpoint to each other, reflecting on the Syrian conflict and its aftermath. The Immortal City exhibition grew out of a 2015 MusicUnitesUS residency with Mourad and Azmeh at Brandeis. MusicUnitesUS is a program that strives to foster understanding and appreciation of diverse cultures through music, hosting a residency that explores ways to approach difficult situations through an artistic lens.

A New Folk Orchestra Is Born in Shushi The Naregatsi Art Institute (NAI) Shushi Center recently announced the formation of the Armenian folk instrumental Naregatsi Shushi Orchestra. Named after Saint Gregory of Narek, NAI is a nonprofit arts organization established in 2000, with headquarters in Yerevan and an educational art center in Shushi. It was founded by philanthropist Nareg Hartounian with the essential assistance of his brother, Saro Hartounian, and their beloved and now late father, Garabed Hartounian. In 2005, thanks to the efforts of Nareg Hartounian, the Naregatsi Folk Ensemble was created. From the very beginning, all pedagogical and concert-related work and activities were financed by him, with concert tours including different provinces of Armenia and Artsakh, as well as countries in Europe. The following year, the Naregatsi Art Center was established in Shushi. The center hosts 12 art classes specializing in a variety of subjects, attended by more than 100 children at no cost. The center s objective is to contribute to the cultural recovery of the city, which was destroyed during the Karabagh war and faces enormous difficulties. The center aims to be a link between all artists and art lovers in the region by implementing educational programs designed bring up a new generation with the Armenian spirit as well as awareness and appreciation of cultural and national values; it enables young people to create freely and to benefit from a professional orientation in the arts.

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French Armenian Director Robert Guediguian s Film to Compete in Venice Film Festival

French-Armenian director Robert Guédiguian s 2017 film, La Villa, will be entered in the 74th Venice Film Festival, according to the festival s official website. La Villa (titled The House by the Sea in English) is set in a bay area near Marseille, France. The story takes place in a picturesque villa owned by an elderly father of three, according to Variety magazine. His three children gather by his side for his final days Angela, an actress living in Paris; Joseph, who has just fallen in love with a girl half his age; and Armand, the only one who stayed behind in Marseille to run the family s small restaurant. The characters consider what they have inherited of their father s ideals and of the community spirit that he created in the magical villa. Guédiguian is a film director, screenwriter, producer, and actor. Most of his films including La Villa star actors Ariane Ascaride and Jean-Pierre Darroussin.

Jivan Avetisyan s The Last Inhabitant to Screen at Venice Film Festival

Jivan Avetisyan s The Last Inhabitant will be shown at the Venice Film Festival this September. The Fish Eye Art cultural foundation reports that its Italian counterpart Blue Knowledge Association has initiated the presentation of The Last Inhabitant at the Venice Film Festival. Meetings and discussions are planned with film representatives, distributors and producers concerning the director s next project, Gate to Heaven, and other topics.

êºäîºØ´ºð 2017 Ä´. î²ðÆ, ÂÆô 143

ARMENIA

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