Torontohye #142 august 2017

Ä´. î³ñÇ ÂÇõ 10 (142), ú¶àêîàê 2017 Øß³ÏáõóÛÇÝ, ÀÝÏ»ñ³ÛÇÝ, ²Ûɳ½³Ý ä³ñµ»ñ³Ã»ñÃ

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Volume 12, No. 10 (142), AUGUST 2017 Toronto Armenian Community Newspaper

TO ADVERTISE IN CANADA s ONLY ARMENIAN MONTHLY NEWSPAPER CALL 416-878-0746

ACC Toronto Summerfest 2017 Had a Record Breaking Run

Armenian singer Sirusho performing with Hamazkayin Erepouni Ensemble, July 9 at ACC Summerfest.

Toronto Mayor John Tory taking selfies with a young boy, July 7 at ACC Summerfest.

The 21st annual Toronto Armenian Summerfest, held on the July 7 9 weekend, attracted record crowds with its unprecedented lineup of musical entertainment.

Performers came from Armenia, Los Angeles and Toronto to entertain the crowds late into the night.

This year s headliner, making her first Toronto appearance, was Sirusho, who

ACC Summerfest attendee

shared the stage with the Hamazkayin Erepouni Dance Group and pleased the crowd with her many hits.

Famous singers Armenchik, Adiss Harmandian, Harout Bedrossian, Joseph Krikorian, Martin Mkrtchyan, with Liquid Trio and children s entertainer Joelle livened the attendees with Armenian oldies and the latest hits.

Along with the music, there were food

stands and children s entertainment on site throughout the three evenings.

A number of municipal and provincial politicians attended the event, led by Toronto Mayor John Tory, who is a regular visitor to Summerfest and other ACC events.

His visit included a social media tweet wishing Pari Vayeloum to the Armenian community of Ontario.

ÂáñáÝÃáÛÇ Ð³Û Î»¹ñáÝÇ ºñ¿óÝ»ñáõ ÀÝÏ»ñ³ÏóáõÃÇÝÁ Ïáã ÏþáõÕÕ¿ ·³ÕáõÃÇë »ñ¿ó ³Ý¹³ÙÝ»ñáõÝ Ù³ë ϳ½Ù»Éáõ ÀÝÏ»ñ³Ïóáõû³Ý »õ í³Û»É»Éáõ Ùï»ñÙÇÏ ÙÃÝáÉáñï ³Ù¿Ý »ñ»ùß³µÃÇ ³é. ųÙÁ 9:00¿Ý ÙÇÝã»õ Ï.». ųÙÁ 2:00Á ÂáñáÝÃáÛÇ Ð³Û Î»¹ñáÝ¿Ý Ý»ñë£

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ú¶àêîàê 2017 Ä´. î²ðÆ, ÂÆô 142

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ú¶àêîàê 2017 Ä´. î²ðÆ, ÂÆô 142

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ú¶àêîàê 2017 Ä´. î²ðÆ, ÂÆô 142

ú¶àêîàê 2017 Ä´. î²ðÆ, ÂÆô 142

¶Ç￱Çù ÿ ³ÕÙ³Ý Í³Ëë»ñÁ ·ñ»Ã¿ ÝáÛÝÝ »Ý »õ ϳ˻³Éª ÁÝï³ÝÇùÇ Ï³ï³ñ³Í ÁÝïñáõûݿÝ

´³ñ»õ § »ë ×áÝ ø¿ÛÝÝ »Ùª R.S.Kane Funeral Home-Ç Ý³Ë³·³ÑÁ: ºÃ¿ Û³õ»É»³É û·Ýáõû³Ý å¿ïù áõÝÇù § Ëݹñ»Ù ϳåáõ»ó¿ù Ù»½Ç Ñ»ï Ð»é© 416-221-1159 γ٠e-mail: info@rskane.ca

TO ADVERTISE IN CANADA s ONLY ARMENIAN MONTHLY NEWSPAPER CALL 416-878-0746

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ú¶àêîàê 2017 Ä´. î²ðÆ, ÂÆô 142

ú¶àêîàê 2017 Ä´. î²ðÆ, ÂÆô 142

ARMENIANS IN CANADA

Canada- 150: Armenian Canadian Achievements

Musician, Guitarist and Multi-instrumentalist Levon Ichkhanian

Levon Ichkhanian

Levon with his father Edouard Ichkhanian

Levon Ichkhanian was born in Beirut, Lebanon in 1964 into a musically rich Armenian family.

Ichkhanian s father Edouard is a renowned Musical Director of Middle Eastern Artists. His Uncle, Professor Joseph Ichkhanian is the founder of the classical guitar program at the Beirut Conservatory of Music and Uncle Jacques was a master Flamenco guitarist. Levon s cousin, Hovannes Darbinian, was the world s leading scholar and performer of the Armenian Tar and choir master for the oldest cathedral in the world Etchmiadzin, in Armenia.

Levon s first professional performance was at the age of 13 in Toronto with modern Armenian singer Adiss Harmandian.

Over the past 35 years Levon has been performing, composing, recording, touring, and producing in several genres including Jazz, World and Traditional music.

He has performed at international events such as the Beijing Olympics, Chet Atkins Musicians Days Festival, The International Guitar Festival of Great Britain, Peter Gabriel s WOMAD, Montreal Jazz Festival, World premiere of the The Ark a commission by the Nashville Chamber Orchestra in commemoration of Armenia s 1700 anniversary of adopting Christianity, and The Toronto Symphony Orchestra's Ararat: Music of Armenia concert in commemoration of the Armenian Genocide Centennial.

He has worked with a diverse and multicultural array of artists, including Ustad Zakir Hussain, Hariharan, Shankar Mahadevan, Loreena McKennitt, A.R. Rahman (Oscar winner from Slum Dog Millionaire), Marvin Hamlisch, Sir Andrew Lloyd Webber, Elton John, David Foster, Sarah McLachlan, Paul Anka, Donny and Marie, Chantal Kreviazuk, Brian Wilson, Rufus Wainwright, Daniel Lanois (producer for U2 & Neil Young), Barbra Streisand, Diana Krall, Jann Arden, Gustavo Santaolalla (Oscar winner from Babel, Broke Back Mountain) and Atom Egoyan.

Ichkhanian has performed on over 150 commercial recordings and soundtracks.

He was the music coordinator and

composer for the 2015 Men s Handball Championship Ceremonies in Qatar and recipient of the Governor General of Canada s acknowledgment for musical excellence.

He has worked with Diana Krall, Jann Arden, and Rufus Wainwright s Rufus does Judy concert re-creating Judy Garland s 1961 Carnegie Hall concert.

He has 3 CD releases: after hours with Grammy award winner John Patitucci, travels featuring Alain Caron, and Kick-n Jazz with master drummer Bernard Purdie.

Contemporary jazz with world beat overtones aptly describes the music of the Armenian-Canadian multi-instrumentalist/composer.

Ichkhanian is currently a music coach at York University and gives various master classes in Canada and Armenia.

He recently became an Armenian citizen and was presented with the Anania Shirakatsi award for service in Canada and abroad.

Levon recently completed studies in Theoretical Perspectives in Ethnomusicology & Musicology at York University and presented a paper Transitory Homeland, the Temporal Music of Diaspora Armenians at the Canada 150: "Music and Belonging" International Ethnomusicology conference.

Currently, he is on a cross-Canada tour with the Phantom of the Opera production.

His humanitarian work has helped raise funds for over 25 charities and causes, such as Armenia Medical Clinic Project, Heart and Vision, South African Women, Nelson Mandela Children s Fund, Lions Club, Habitat, Asian Tsunami Disaster, UNICEF and Nepal Earthquake.

His latest volunteer work is supporting Jazz guitar programs in Armenia for underprivileged youth.

His upcoming art project is curating The Armenian Guitars, a series of custom Guitars

by Gibson, Godin, among others, that feature Armenian designs, motifs and dedications.

Ichkhanian indeed adds to the mosaic of Canadian culture with his multilayered talent and generous spirit.

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Levon Martirosyan Appointed Armenia s Ambassador to Canada (Armenpress)- President Serzh Sargsyan on July 12 signed a decree on appointing Levon Martirosyan Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Armenia to Canada (residence in Ottawa).

According to the President s another decree, Armen Yeganyan has been relieved from the post of Ambassador of Armenia to Canada. *** Born on February 19, 1976 in Yerevan.

1997-1999 Served in the Armed Forces of the Republic of Armenia.

1992 1997 Graduated from the Law Department of Yerevan State University.

Lawyer.

2001 2002 Graduated with honours receiving an LLM degree in international human rights in the faculty of Law of the University of Essex in Great Britain.

2000 Participated in a number of programmes and training courses John Smith Fellowship Programme in Great Britain, for young political and social leaders.

2003 High educational executive course of the Leaders of the 21st Century in the Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, USA. 2008 French Foreign Ministry Personnalité d avenir (Personality of Future) political program for young politicians of the world (France).

2008 International Observer for the presidential elections of the USA on the invitation of US State Department.

Private legal activities.

July 2007 Appointed Assistant to the Prime Minister of the Republic of Armenia.

2008 2012 Assistant to the President

Levon Martirosyan

of the Republic of Armenia.

2001 Founded the Young Democrats Union NGO. 2003 Founded the British Alumni Association NGO. 2007 Co founder of the United Liberal National Party (MIAK.) MIAK Secretary General.

December 2007 resigned from the position of ULNP Secretary General.

2007 Member of the MIAK Secretary and Board.

May 6, 2012 Elected Deputy of the National Assembly of the Republic of Armenia from the proportional electoral system of the Republican Party of Armenia.

Married, with two children.

Raffi Sarkissian Appointed Principal of the ARS Armenian Private School Toronto, Canada On June 28, the ARS Armenian Private School announced the appointment of Raffi Sarkissian as Principal of the school.

Dr. Armen Martirossian, who had served as the school s Principal for several years, recently resigned for personal reasons. [Dr. Martirossian] has graciously offered his support and guidance over the summer as the Board of Trustees and School Administration prepare for the next academic year. We look forward to working with him during this transition period. We would like to thank Baron Armen for his years of dedicated service to our school and look forward to celebrating his achievements at a farewell reception, read a part of the statement released by the school.

Sarkissian is a proud A.R.S. Armenian Private School alumnus (class of 1997). He earned a B.A. Honors in History (2006) from York University, a Bachelor of Education from Trent University (2008), and a Master of Education (2012) from York University. He holds full Principal s Qualifications and Ontario College of Teachers certifications in the primary, intermediate and senior divisions. He has worked at A.R.S. Armenian Private School since 2008, first as a humanities and social sciences teacher and guidance counselor at A.R.S. High School (2008-2011), followed by six years as the Vice Principal of the junior school (2011-2017).

Sarkissian, a frequent contributor to the Armenian Weekly, has conducted extensive research in Genocide and Human Rights Education and is the founder and former chair of the Sara Corning Centre for Genocide Education. He has co-authored a collection of poems titled The Reflecting Crane and has contributed a chapter titled The Benefits and Challenges of Genocide Education: A

Raffi Sarkissian

Case Study of the Armenian Genocide in the book Understanding Atrocities: Remembering, Representing and Teaching Genocide published by the University of Calgary Press.

The A.R.S. Armenian Private School is the largest co-educational, Armenian-Canadian bilingual and bicultural day school in Ontario, teaching to students from Preschool through to Grade 12.The Armenian language, cultural and religious studies are weaved into the general curriculum in adherence with the Ontario Ministry of Education guidelines.

With over 600 students strong, A.R.S. is an intimate school where students form positive bonds not only with each other and their teachers, but with the entire school community.

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OBITUARY

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In Memory of Kalousd Babian There s a saying, It s not how long we have them, but how much we love them when they re here. We all loved Kaloust very, very much and however much we think about that saying, we will miss him very, very much. We will miss Kaloust for the very simple reason that he was that rarity- a good man. Kaloust was a good man, and there are not that many people we can say that about. Always with a smile on his face, everlastingly optimistic, happy to see you, it was always a joy to be with him. Never envious, always genuinely thrilled for other people s good fortune and achievements, he always made you feel special, and that he was the fortunate person to have known you.

We met 42 years ago when he and Souren came to see one of my plays, because he read that I was Armenian. They stayed behind after the curtain, we met and went to a restaurant to talk and we remained close friends ever since. As we all know, Kaloust was very passionate about Armenian culture and Armenian artists. An exceptional artist himself, he has left us behind a legacy of magnificent photographs. He was such a major force in propagating Armenian culture in this country, whether it was art, music, literature, theatre or film. He also befriended Atom and Arsinee, amongst many other artists and he constantly supported us, encouraged us, was always enthusiastic about our various ventures and did all he could to open all doors for us within and outside the Armenian community. I could never have done those five Armenian themed plays without his help and support.

In every conversation, he always mentioned how fortunate he was to have his beloved family, whether things were going well for him or not, he never failed to say that.

As recently as a couple of weeks ago, the last time I saw him, he said to me, for people who have the sickness that I do, I m one of the most fortunate ones . I have a wonderful family who takes care of me and so many close friends who support me.

There is another saying, We are all better when we are loved . That s what Kaloust did with his life. He loved everyone who crossed his path. He brought love to this world. He met the wonderful Hasmig and together they brought to life the wonderful Sarig and Varak.

He loved his family with an undying passion and he brought into this world happiness. He truly made the world a better place with his life.

When one asks what is the measure of a man? It is when one leaves the world a better place after he s gone. With his joy of life and his constant kindness, Kaloust was certainly one who left the world a much better place.

We ll always love Kaloust, we ll miss him, and I don t think any of us will ever forget this wonderful great man.

school in the mornings and those were the memories I treasure most. He got me hooked on CBC s Metro Morning and would tolerate nothing but Andy Barry on these drives, asking me every now and then what this or that word translated to and his eyes would shine with pride when I disagreed with him or would get all worked up about this or that social issue.

We discussed Margaret Atwood, Leonard Cohen, the NDP, theatre, music and more on those car rides and I am so thankful now for something I took nearly for granted- he spoke to me like a real adult, he respected my opinions and he loved to hear what I had to say. He nourished a sense of perspective in me and I am the opinionated woman I am because he believed in my opinions and never told me to dial them down.

Dad was the original hipster, before the idea even existed. A feminist, a humanist, a nature loving, real film using, bearded and bespectacled giant in my eyes. Really and truly the first man that I loved and the one who showed me what it means not only to be a father and a husband but a real human being. He taught me how to be generous with Sarig Babian order. Between my brother and I, you d think my soul, passionate with my interests and we had cured cancer, won the Giller Prize, above all considerate about those around me.

Our dear dad passed, quite unexpectedly, stacked up academy awards and brokered On those precious rides to school, I would on Thursday evening. In the days that world peace two times over. So many of be egging him on to step on the gas as we immediately followed I was looking around you indulged his proud dad stories, I am sure. are running late and he would turn around everywhere for some sort of sign I noticed He saw us both in the way I hope I can see and look at me with some insane serenity and more butterflies, that were probably moths, myself- with limitless potential, and a sense tell me to pause for a moment and look at all than I ever had Must be a sign The very of great moral responsibility. He cheered not these cars zipping along the 401 with us . morning after he died I found a novelty watch only us on, but all of you. Any of you who Each one contains a life, a set of priorities, that said Time Is Money I had lost months recorded some sort of achievement, created challenges and triumphs he would remind me. ago and had searched high and low for something and shared it with the world- I For a 15 year old trying to avoid a late slip, it Most definitely a sign But as I was searching promise you, dad was cheering you on, wasn t what I wanted to hear. As a woman, for some sort of signal from the universe that clipping articles, authoring congratulatory cards looking back I m so grateful it s what he he would be with me even when his body no and imparting yet another one of his said. longer physically was, the phone calls, visitors, Kaloustism- It s so important, to commend He stopped and smelled every single memories shared, and you all here today are and appreciate one another . flower. He saw those blossoms where others those signs, I realize. All of you who met my He was a tremendously proud Armenian didn t. And most importantly- it wasn t enough dad surely carry a bit of his energy with you- and loved our language and culture immensely. for him to enjoy those petals and colours for I really do believe these are the signs I have He loved this community and watched it himself- he would share them with so many been so frantically searching for. blossom from its adolescence, always of you here today. I know that many of you I know that all of you who spent any sort encouraging those with new ideas and different received his flowers and handwritten remarks of time with him know that he really did possess perspectives. He loved that I was involved over the years. I used to roll my eyes at him a heart of gold and not in the way that with the Pomegranate Film Festival and as but I am so proud of the man I was lucky people tend to throw around niceties and soon as we would hold the year s first meeting enough to call my dear old dad. platitudes when someone has passed. A would pester me for his Festival Pass never Thank you for all of those who visited with genuine, honest to goodness heart of gold. In mind that the lineup was not yet solidified or him in the last few years when the cruel all the time I was lucky enough to be his tickets printed. He prayed under all the disease of ALS took so much of his energy daughter, he never ever spoke maliciously Armenian steeples in this city, attended events and independence from him. He really about someone and, much to my chagrin at in the many different community centres and appreciated it and you added a sparkle to his times, never indulged me in a bit of gossip or gave his own modest donation to any and all every day. Thank you so much for all the snarkiness. I actually think he was genetically causes Armenian. outpouring of love and grief you have shared incapable of doing so and he worked as hard Not only was he a proud Armenian, he with us. Thank you to my mom and brother as he could to pass that onto us though in was an equally proud Canadian and for taking such amazing care of him in the last this case, he was only mildly successful. I can Torontonian. He loved this country with all chapter of his life. But I want to thank him say with a healthy sense of self-awareness his heart and was adamant that my brother most for truly being the sort of dad who would that I have a bit of a love me or hate me type and I recognized that this city extends much do anything and everything for his kids but of personality but dad was one of those further than the 2km radius around this very who also expected anything and everything very few and very rare human beings that building. He would quiz us on which subway from us and believed that we could do that received so much love from those around him; stop followed which, would throw the Perly s and more. I want to publicly thank him in front precisely because that is all he put out to the map book at us in the backseat and challenge of you all here for the constant encouragement, universe us to plot routes to the different parks and the unending support, the love that I could As a father, he was truly the gold plated neighbourhood he took us to explore when drown in and for showing me what it means standard. He was a cheerleader of the highest we were younger. He would drive me to high to be a real man.

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Ara Graphics

Hrant Alianak

Below are two eulogies of Kalousd Babian read by his friend actor and playwright Hrant Alianak and his daughter Sarig Babian during his funeral on July 25th in Toronto.

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ANCC Calls Upon the Canadian Government to Immediately Halt Azerbaijani Arms Sales Ottawa- The Armenian National Committee of Canada (ANCC) is appalled to learn that the Canadian government has granted an export permit for the transfer of highly sophisticated military equipment from the Toronto-based INKAS Armored Vehicle Manufacturing over to the Republic of Azerbaijan.

In a letter addressed to Canada s Minister of International Trade, the Honourable François-Philippe Champagne on July 24, the ANCC called upon the Canadian government to immediately halt the transfer of weapons to Azerbaijan and take the necessary steps to reverse this wrong decision.

Such transfers of dangerous weaponry to a rogue states such as Azerbaijan violate

the very basic norms of Canada s arms exports regulations and pose a significant danger to domestic and regional stability said Shahen Mirakian, president of the ANCC. As has been demonstrated repeatedly thus far, the Azeri regime is adamant on using such equipment not only to perpetuate regional instability by threatening the peace and security of the Republic of Armenia and the Republic of Artsakh (Nagorno-Karabakh), but also to crack down on dissent at home. added Mirakian.

In response to the decision taken by the Canadian Government, the ANCC has launched an online action alert campaign, urging members and grassroots activist to take immediate action and demand the

cancellation of this highly controversial arms deal.

As a matter of fact, in April of last year, Azerbaijan, armed with then-newly acquired lethal weaponry, initiated the Four-Day War which was the deadliest clash between Armenian and Azeri forces since the 1994 ceasefire, and has been culpable of countless ceasefire violations up to that point and ever since.

By allowing this export of military goods to Azerbaijan, Canada is contributing to the hostilities among Azerbaijan, Armenia and the Republic of Artsakh. Such decisions are contrary to Canada s commitment and full support of the OSCE Minsk Group negotiation process and for a peaceful resolution to the

conflict.

As for its human rights record, Azerbaijan has been repeatedly condemned by prominent rights watchdogs such as Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International for what is deemed to be a recurring suppression of fundamental freedoms, most notably its continuing assault on independent journalism and human rights advocacy in the country.

In observance of Canada s stated priorities regarding arms exports, namely preserving regional peace and stability, and protecting human rights, we urge the government to not allow the interests and motives of hostile nations trump our shared values of justice and democracy. concluded Mirakian.

Canadian Defence Deal with Azerbaijan Raises New Questions about Arms Export Controls

By Levon Sevunts The article was published on cbcnews.ca Export permits for military vehicles issued despite concerns over Azerbaijan s poor human rights record A deal by a Canadian company to export armoured personnel carriers to Azerbaijan and set up a joint production of these militarystyle vehicles in the oil-rich former Soviet republic is once again raising questions about the efficacy of Canada s defence export controls.

Toronto-based INKAS Armored Vehicle Manufacturing has signed a deal with Azerbaijan s interior ministry under which the company has already delivered a few Canadian-made armoured personnel carriers (APCs).

The privately owned company has also set up a joint venture with an Azerbaijani firm to produce APCs in Azerbaijan, which has been embroiled in a simmering armed conflict with neighbouring Armenia since the breakup of the Soviet Union in the early 1990s, said Roman Shimonov, vice-president of marketing and business development at INKAS. Azerbaijan is a very unique country in terms of geographic location, in terms of geopolitical challenges, because they are in the middle between Iran and Armenia and Turkey, said Shimonov, who has also been appointed CEO of the joint venture AZCAN Defence Solutions. And they have resources, more resources than other countries, and they are looking to be able to have more solutions in terms of defence and not only defence, they re looking to protect their borders.

Export permits approved by Ottawa Shimonov says the company has fully complied with all the government rules for the export of military goods.

We cannot sell anything without getting a written permit from export control and once we get it, we know that our authorities, our Canadian authorities, have checked and they have approved, Shimonov said.

Global Affairs Canada, the federal department responsible for issuing export permits for military and controlled goods, said all applications for permits to export dual-use, military and strategic goods are assessed on a case-by-case basis, based on the specific goods and technology being exported, the destination country, and the specific end-use and end-user, amongst other criteria.

Regional peace and stability, including civil conflict and human rights, as well as the possibility of unauthorized transfer or diversion of the exported goods and technology, are actively considered, said Global Affairs spokesperson Natasha Nystrom.

Recurring crackdown on fundamental freedoms

And yet the federal government granted INKAS permits for the export of APCs despite ongoing concerns over Azerbaijan s poor human rights record.

Canada and Azerbaijan benefit from cooperation on issues of mutual interest and concern, Nystrom said. However, we are concerned with the recurring crackdown on fundamental freedoms in Azerbaijan, particularly with respect to journalists and human rights defenders in the country.

Groups such as Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch have criticized Azerbaijan s human rights record and accused it of a thorough crackdown on dissenting voices, as well as persistent reports of torture and other ill-treatment perpetrated by its law enforcement agencies.

In November 2015, Azerbaijani police used Israeli-made armoured personnel carriers similar to those produced by INKAS in a controversial security operation that resulted in the death of six people and dozens of arrests in the town of Nardaran, about 30 kilometres northeast of the capital Baku.

Ongoing armed conflict The granting of the export permits also seems to contradict the government s own export control goals that stipulate among other things that Canadian defence exports do not contribute to national or regional conflicts or instability.

In April 2016, tensions between Azerbaijan and Armenia once again erupted into an intense four-day war in contravention of a ceasefire signed in 1994. The Azerbaijani military launched a surprise offensive against Armenian forces that control the breakaway Armenian-populated region of NagornoKarabakh and surrounding areas.

In addition, there are almost daily reports of clashes, sniper fire, artillery exchanges and commando raids along the entire line of contact between Armenian and Azerbaijani forces in the disputed region.

According to data collected by the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) over the last two decades, Azerbaijan has spent over $30 billion of its oil wealth to rearm and retrain its military, purchasing high-tech weapons and munitions from Russia, Israel, Turkey, Ukraine and Pakistan.

They feel that part of their land is taken and they want to be competitive in terms of capabilities, and that s why they re looking to protect their soldiers and they re looking for the best product, and when it comes to the best product in our industry, we definitely can offer a lot of solutions, very cost-effective solutions, Shimonov said.

Paramilitary and law enforcement solutions And yet at the same time, Shimonov claims INKAS doesn t produce military

Canadian made armoured personnel carrier.

vehicles.

We mostly focus on paramilitary and law enforcement solutions, Shimonov said during an interview at the recent CANSEC defence industry trade show in Ottawa. Our vehicles are not designed to provide any solution in the military field.

However, that s not what the company claims in its sales pitch on its own website.

The INKAS Sentry APC is designed to be used by military forces, SWAT, and other law enforcement agencies all over the world, reads the vehicle overview of its Sentry model APC. The INKAS Huron APC is a multipurpose tactical vehicle, which is able to protect its passengers in high threat environments within almost any climate condition. The vehicle is designed and equipped to operate in police and military tactical missions, convoy protection and border control all over the world, reads the overview of its Huron model.

AZCAN s new ISR (intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance) vehicle is armed with a Pitbull light remote weapon stations jointly designed by the Israel based companies IAI and General Robotics, reads the description of the vehicle published in press release at the ADEX 2016 arms show

in the Azerbaijani capital of Baku, where Shimonov presented the Sentry APC to President Ilham Aliyev.

The Pitbull LRWS integrate sensors for automatic detection of enemy targets with accurate and fast counter fire capabilities.

Greater scrutiny needed Cesar Jaramillo, executive director of the peace group Project Ploughshares, said the export permit issued to INKAS illustrates an ongoing problem with Canada s arms exports control mechanism.

The government needs to take a much closer look at the destination country s general human rights record and the notion of risk and end use when it makes determinations on issuing export permits for military goods, Jaramillo said.

Even if it s on case-by-case basis, I think the general knowledge about problems in a certain country should be again an indicator which cases should merit more scrutiny than others, and I think that countries like Saudi Arabia, Azerbaijan, perhaps, fall into that category of greater scrutiny, Jaramillo said.

If the likely end use of any equipment going to Azerbaijan or anywhere else poses or triggers a certain risk, then the export we believe should not proceed.

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20

VARIETY

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Jampar is the Place to Be This Summer A Self-actualizing Summer...

By: Talyn Terzian Gilmore Sometimes things don t seem to have an end in sight be it a renovation project, or a task for which you volunteered your time when you didn t have any time to volunteer. For a person, like me, who has a gnat-like attention span with at least 10 balls in the air at any one time, a burning platform under her feet, and is constantly chased by the bogey monster of procrastination, patience is forever out of reach. So when I don t see an end in sight and an powerless to usher in a conclusion, I am one very unhappy camper.

Take for example the job of raising two independent, self-actualizing young men.

A self-actualized person means someone who has reached their full potential something I hope for my two boys that feels so far out of my reach!

The 11-year old and seven-and-a-half year old have now been out of school for a good month. By the time you read this, I will have survived five weeks, four days, and thirteen hours of a break from the usual routine of school, homework, wash, rinse, repeat! I will have endured the twenty-orso questions every day before 10:00am for what feels like a million times: What s for breakfast? Can I play on the iPad / iPhone / Xbox / Nintendo / computer? Can we go for a bike ride? Can we go for a scooter ride? Can x come to our house? Can I go to y s house? When can we go to a hotel? Why did you get another white car? Why didn t you just buy a Ferrari?

Would you rather eat a hamburger that tastes like coke, or drink a coke that tastes like hamburger? I actually have an answer for that last one.

It. Does. Not. End EVER. Aaaaand What kind of parent would I be if I squash their creativity? If I say, NO MORE QUESTIONS!! What if, say, I just so happened to have a slight lapse and say that lapse was appropriately timed after the twenty-first question of, would you rather never puke or never have to cut your toenails? would I still be hastily judged?

How about if during the barrage of questions between 9 and 10am which only happen to be when I m first starting to feel like a human because these children won t go to sleep until 10:30 or 11:00pm every night because it s too bright outside which means I get about 5 minutes of metime before I pass out and they still get up at 7am and hover around me like little satellites? Allow me a continuance as I make my case: at 7am I am still wiping sleep from my eyes because I woke up at 3am, 4am, and 5am before I finally got to a deep sleep and am wiping the drool from my cheek and patting down my ever frizzing hair all while blindly searching for coffee any coffee so that I can begin answering the questions coming at light speed and one word answers won t do, nor will taking too long as they reframe the question in at least three different ways...how about then???!!

What about when the whining starts from nowhere? Because the 11 year old took the turn of the 7.5 year old and asked two questions in a row? HOW ABOUT when you ve broken away and snuck into your closet to pen this monthly contribution and they find you with, Hi what are you doing in there?

Ooooh what s this? CAN I ASK THEM TO STOP THEN? Will that put the promise of raising independent, self-actualizing adults at risk??

I will preface here to say that now I m whining. I am, by no means, doing this alone. Mr. Niceguy is in this with me yet somehow, he does a much better job. You wanna go for a bike ride? Sure. A night swim only an hour after you ve already swam and showered and are all ready for bed? Why not. Movies on a weeknight starting at 9pm? But of course it s summer! He s an awesome, super-fun, perspective-having dad. But that s not me.

I have no perspective. I m the planner.

I m the timekeeper. I m the goal setter Incidentally this goal was not initially mine. Rather, this was a legacy inherited from my Mom 2. The little time I had with her before she passed could, in some ways, fill an eternity and yet, eternity doesn t seem large enough to contain all that I feel when I think about our moments together.

When I first met my future mother in law, the original Mrs. Nicemom, I stopped dead in my tracks. Here stood a woman with an impressive stature, beguiling eyes the same shade of unique blue as Mr. Niceguy, with a kind-but-cautious expression on her face and all I could think was, Will she approve of me? She was so incredibly kind and warm the personification of a nurturing hug. At that moment, I could have never known what a profound impact she would have in my life despite only being in it for a mere three years.

Among the key things I learned from her including that she had self admittedly mistakenly prescribed to the school of thought where you don t tell your children to clean up their rooms, a mistake that was somewhat rectified in the first decade of my marriage was the importance of time and the longing for more of it. I never got to ask her my twenty questions but while the chapter came to an end, the story did not. Everytime I look at my boys faces I remember her legacy and that goal she s ever present.

So perhaps stopping the barrage of questions is not the best course for either of us. While it will be important to perhaps, carve out some space and ask for some mommy time during these heydays of summer, together with a little bit of balanced discipline, it s equally valuable to join in and let the imagination run wild figuring out whether I prefer a popcorn that tastes like pancakes, or pancakes that taste like popcorn or whether I d rather never barf or never be bitten by mosquitoes, or better yet, when ARE we going to a hotel???

ARS summer campers during different activities.

Raffaella Keshishian Monday, July 3rd was the day Armenian youth from all over the GTA filed inside the Armenian Youth Centre for the start of Jampar this summer.

Kids who are fortunate enough to go to summer camp are lucky, indeed. This year, camp director Mariam Arakelian put together a unique schedule, giving campers something new to look forward to every day. With the help of counsellors who have either attended Jampar growing up, grew up in the Armenian Toronto community or attend ARS day/high school, the programs are safe and well run.

Being that summer camp can open a whole new world of friendship, interest, skills, and independence for children, Jampar provides it all, with a twist of Armenian culture reminding the campers of their roots and all there is to know.

The main difference between summer camp and school is five days a week of class and rules, but with no pressure. Pressure is linked with school; pressure to achieve, the pressure to do things on time and pressure to abide by the social hierarchy that exists (for the older grades), or to fit in.

Rita Titizian, a camper who has been attending Jampar since kindergarten and is currently one of the oldest, likes the acceptance. She says her favourite part of camp is being able to interact with her friends because going two months without seeing them is a really, really long time. And if there is no other way to connect over the summer, camp provides that for them. Since there are kids who come from different schools, and some may not know who is popular the children come free to camp, a fresh start and are able to leave it at camp and try again if their previous school year had not gone as planned.

Jampar is a breath of fresh air where the pressure is off. The kids come in feeling good about who they are, what they can do and what they can learn. Although certain campers excel in different classes during the summer, the creative thinkers, those with artistic temperaments, science and technology or athletics, the pace we go at is not overwhelming.

Jampar 2017 is the first summer Camper of the Week has been introduced to the campers. One camper from each grade, beginning at JK and ending in five plus, gets chosen based off of who demonstrates everything counsellors look for in a camper: helpful, listening and respectful.

This year, Jampar also has a number of specialty counsellors. Aleen Agob teaches the kids traditional Armenian dance. The first three weeks consisted of classes dedicated to nailing the footwork to Hampartsum which the kids show progress and increasing interest as the weeks go on. Aleen also leads the campers to cook easy meals a week. So far, the kids have made hummus, nachos, strawberry jam with their own freshly picked strawberries and cupcakes. Every camper aids their group in mixing the ingredients, implementing the importance of unity, respect, trust, and teamwork in all environments.

Alyna Paddon has a new art project for the kids to do each class. Whether it be molding Armenian food out of clay, creating their own comics or making slime; the kids show the utmost interest because she is always switching it up and listening to their desires.

A unique class, which is only offered at Jampar is taught by Sako Kelebozian. Sako is highly involved in the Armenian community, so he understands firsthand how important it is for the campers to learn about their heritage in ways they may not in school. Sako has taught the kids about diaspora, the variety of Armenian food and the multitude of Armenian inventors and how they helped shape today.

He does this all in a creative way, creating educational games to keep the children involved while adding competition.

Music class is once a week and provides opportunities for the campers to work on their musical interests. Those could include singing, playing instruments, dancing or even writing their own music to a beat of their own choice.

As long as they are following the rules to be respectful and attentive listeners, music class gets the kid going.

Outdoor and gym time implements the necessity of physical activity. For kids, a great cont. on page 25

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Sarkisian Satisfied With Armenian Military Arsenal (Azatutyun). President Serzh Sarkisian has insisted that the Armenian military has enough modern armaments to cope with security threats to Armenia and NagornoKarabakh.

Meeting with military personnel, government officials and public figures in the resort town of Dilijan on Thursday, Sarkisian clarified his controversial 2016 remark that Armenian soldiers are fighting with weapons from the 1980s.

Firstly, the context [of the statement] was a bit different, he said in televised remarks publicized by his office on Friday. Secondly, there is not a single army in the world that possesses all modern types of weaponry.

Neither the American army nor the Russian army nor any other army can claim to have all the modern weapons because no army, no state can gain them [at once.]

But every army needs to have sufficient weaponry in order to be able to accomplish its tasks. That is evaluated in its entirety. On top of that are soldiers skills. Today our army possesses not the most advanced armaments but sufficient weaponry and ammunition to

achieve objectives set for it.

A sufficient quantity and quality of weapons and ammunition plus intelligent and resilient fighters: this is the formula for success which I don t doubt, added Sarkisian. He did not disclose news types of weapons which Armenia has acquired in recent months.

Two years ago, Russia allocated a $200 million loan to Armenia which is being spent on the purchase of more Russian weapons at internal Russian prices that are below market-based levels.

The Russian government subsequently publicized a long list of items which the Armenian side is allowed to buy with that money. It includes, among other things, the Smerch multiple-launch rocket system, TOS1A heavy flamethrowers, anti-tank weapons and shoulder-fired surface-to-air missiles.

The arms supplies envisaged by the loan agreement appear to have begun last year.

According to the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms, Russia delivered 300 airdefense systems to Armenia in 2016. Those most probably were shoulder-fired Igla and Verba systems.

Armenian Troops Join U.S.-Led Drills In Georgia

(RFE/RL)- The flags of countries participating in U.S.-led military exercise that began near Tbilisi on 30 An Armenian army platoon is taking in part in U.S.-led multinational military exercises that began in Georgia on July 31.

The two-week drills taking place at the Vaziani military base near Tbilisi involve about 2,800 soldiers from the United States, Georgia, Britain, Germany, Turkey, Ukraine, Slovenia and Armenia. The U.S. contingent includes several M1A2 Abrams battle tanks and Bradley infantry fighting vehicles making up a mechanized company.

81gThe exercise affords participating nations an opportunity to train in a multinational environment while enhancing cooperation and interoperability, 81h U.S Army Europe said in a statement on the drills codenamed 81gNoble Partner. 81h "These exercises will help Georgia to get closer to NATO standards and to strengthen stability in the whole region," Reuters quoted Georgian Prime Minister Giorgi Kvirikashvili as saying at the opening ceremony.

The exercises began a day before U.S.

Vice President Mike Pence 81fs visit to Georgia. Pence plans to attend the drills and address participants on Tuesday.

The Russian government did not comment on the event as of Monday afternoon.

It had criticized previous U.S.-led war games held in Georgia.

The participation of 30 or so Armenian servicemen in the drills highlights Armenia 81fs desire to complement its military alliance with Russia with closer security ties with the West.

The South Caucasus country has deepened defense cooperation with the U.S. and other NATO member states since the early 2000s.

It currently contributes more than 100 troops to NATO-led missions in Kosovo and Afghanistan and regularly participates in multinational exercises organized by the U.S. military.

Nevertheless, the alliance with Russia remains the bedrock of Armenia 81fs national security strategy. Defense Minister Vigen Sargsian underlined this fact on Saturday when he attended the opening ceremony near Moscow of the 2017 International Army Games partly hosted by

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President Serzh Sarkisian speaks at a meeting with Defense Minister Vigen Sargsian (L) and other officials in Dilijan, 13Jul2017.

In late 2015 or early 2016, the Armenian military also acquired advanced Russian Iskander missiles. The acquisition was apparently not covered by the low-interest Russian credit.

Defense Minister Vigen Sargsian said in January that Yerevan is planning more arms acquisitions in addition to the $200 million defense contracts signed with Moscow. He

gave no details.

Russia has long been Armenia s number one arms supplier, reflecting close militaries ties between the two states. Membership in the Russian-led Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) has enabled Armenia to receive Russian weapons at discounted prices or even for free.

Sarkisian Touts Armenia s Special Ties With Iran

(RFE/RL)- President Serzh Sarkisian has reaffirmed his desire to deepen Armenia s relations with neighboring Iran in all areas of mutual interest.

Many prerequisites are in place for further development of the special relationship between our countries and peoples, Sarkisian told the Iranian daily Shargh in an interview published on August 1st.

Our countries are the inheritors of ancient and rich civilizations of the region firmly linked to each other by millennia-old neighborhood, he said, according to the Armenpress news agency.

Armenian-Iranian relations, Sarkisian went on, are also based on a dialogue between Christianity and Islam, cultural similarities as well as common geopolitical interests.Both nations are builders of regional security, he declared.

Sarkisian will underline those relations when he flies to Tehran later this week to attend the inauguration ceremony of Iran s recently reelected President Hassan Rouhani. cont. on page 25T h e A r m e n i a n leader was also present at Rouhani s first inauguration in August 2013.

Our countries belong to the same culture and civilization, Rouhani said during an official visit to Yerevan in December. He also said that Iran will increase exports of natural gas to Armenia and deepen broader economic ties with its Christian neighbor.

Armenia - President Serzh Sarkisian (R) greets his Iranian counterpart Hassan Rouhani at Yerevan airport, 21Dec2016.

Armenia - President Serzh Sarkisian (R) greets his Iranian counterpart Hassan Rouhani at Yerevan airport, 21Dec2016.

Speaking to Shargh, Sarkisian stressed the importance of boosting bilateral commerce.

He pointed to the ongoing construction of a new power transmission line, which should significantly increase Armenian electricity exports to the Islamic Republic, and the upcoming launch of a free economic zone on the Armenian-Iranian border.

Sarkisian further noted that ongoing negotiations on a free trade deal between Iran and the Russian-led Eurasian Economic Union (EEU) were initiated by his administration.

Iranian investors could also take advantage of Armenia s preferential trade regime with the European Union, he said.

Earlier this year, officials from Armenia s Transport Ministry and national rail network encouraged Iranian businesspeople to use Armenian territory for shipping commercial freight to and from Europe. At a meeting in Yerevan, they presented financial and logistical details of the proposed transport corridor that would also pass through Georgia and the Black Sea. In June 2016, Rouhani attended the signing in Tehran of an Armenian-Iranian agreement on visa-free travel between citizens of the two states. In Sarkisian s words, the number of Iranian tourists visiting Armenia has significantly risen since then.

There have also been signs of growing military cooperation between Yerevan and Tehran. Armenian Defense Minister Vigen Sargsian held talks with his Iranian counterpart Hossein Dehqan during an official visit to Iran in January. Sargsian referred to defense industry as a potential area of bilateral cooperation.

22

ARMENIA

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Armenian IT Growth Hits Record High (RFE/RL)- The rapid growth of Armenia s information technology (IT) sector employing thousands of engineers accelerated to 38.2 percent last, according to government data.

The tech industry had already expanded by an average of over 20 percent annually in the previous decade, making it the fastestgrowing sector of the Armenian economy.

According to government estimates, the country s 500 or so mostly small and mediumsized IT firms earned over $550 million in combined revenue in 2015.

The sector is dominated by the Armenian branches of U.S. tech giants like as Synopsys, National Instruments, Mentor Graphics and VMware. But its steady expansion is also increasingly driven by homegrown Armenian companies.

The most successful of these startups is PicsArt, one of the world s leading mobile photo editing and sharing applications. The company now has more than 350 employees in Armenia and boasts 90 million active monthly users worldwide.

Another, smaller startup founded in 2013 attracted $5 million in funding from two U.S. venture capital firms earlier this year. The company called Teamable develops special software used by businesses for hiring skilled

Children at the Gyumri branch of the TUMO Center for Creative Technologies, 13May2016.

workers. Like PicsArt, Teamable has offices not only in Yerevan but also in San Francisco.

Another Armenian firm, SoloLearn, won this month the Grand Prize of Facebook s annual Apps of the Year event, which attracted 900 submissions from 87 countries.

SoloLearn offers a free online app for people interested in learning computer programming.

Karen Vartanian, chairman of Armenia s Union of Information Technology Enterprises (UITE), stressed the growing importance of

such startups. Our local products are increasingly emerging and proving a success in the international market, he told RFE/RL s Armenian service (Azatutyun.am).

Vahan Shakarian, the executive director of the Yerevan-based company Technology and Science Dynamics manufacturing smartphones and tablet computers, said the sector s has been rapidly developing because it is export-oriented. He also cautioned: Booms are possible in economics. They key thing is

to at least stay at the same level after they are over. It s quite a challenge.

For Vartanian, the key challenge is a continuing lack of skilled IT personnel in Armenia. Our growth is now stunted by a serious shortage of personnel, he said. The education system is in tatters.

Industry executives have long complained about the inadequate professional level of many graduates of IT departments of Armenia universities. According to their estimates, there are now between 2,000 and 4,000 job vacancies in the sector employing about 15,000 people.

Successive Armenian governments have pledged to tackle this problem. Vartanian insisted, however, that there is still no comprehensive, strategic cooperation on the matter between the authorities and IT companies.

In January, Prime Minister Karen Karapetian met with a team of government officials and tech executives that proposed a wide-ranging reform of engineering education in Armenia. One of those executives said only half of 1,300 IT students graduating from Armenian universities each year are qualified enough to work in the sector without undergoing further training.

Cell-phones Can be Charged at 2 Solar Armenian Team Wins Bronze at FIRST Powered Bus Stops in Downtown Yerevan Global Robotics Olympics in USA

The Armenian team wins 3rd place at the annual 1st Global robotics challenge in Washington, DC. A woman charges her smart phone at a solar-powered bus stops in Yerevan.

(Azatutyun). The European Union has installed first-ever solar-powered bus stops in Yerevan as part of its efforts to foster Armenia s greater use of renewable energy.

The head of the EU Delegation in Armenia, Piotr Switalski, reaffirmed the EU s commitment to the country s energy security as he inaugurated and tested one of the two such facilities placed in the city center. The message is very clear: the EU is promoting cheaper and cleaner energy and contributing to Armenia s energy independence, Switalski told reporters.

The bus stops will enable residents and visitors of Yerevan to charge their mobile phones and other digital gadgets with free solar energy. Each facility can fully charge up to 24 phones a day.

The bus stops were inaugurated at the end of EU Energy Days in the Armenian capital which the Delegation organized to showcase EU-funded reforms in Armenia s energy sector.

According to Switalski, the EU has already allocated more than 30 million euros ($33 million) for that purpose.

Most of that assistance is being spent on the ongoing construction of a new electricity transmission line that will connect Armenia to neighboring Georgia. The EU is also financing renewable energy projects in the Armenian towns of Spitak and Vayk.

Solar and wind power currently make up only a tiny share of electricity produced in Armenia. The Armenian government has declared the spread of these renewable energy

sources a priority.

Just last week, Prime Minister Karen Karapetian attended the official opening of Armenia s first-ever factory manufacturing solar panels used for power generation. A private company claims to have invested so far $2 million in the factory currently employing around 50 people. The government exempted equipment and raw materials imported by the company from customs duties earlier this year.

Most of Armenia s electricity is generated by natural gas and nuclear fuel imported from Russia. Also, the Russian gas monopoly Gazprom owns the country s gas distribution network and one of its largest thermal power plants.

Asked whether the EU assistance is aimed at easing Armenia s dependence on Russia for energy, Switalski said: We don t think in political or geopolitical terms as such.

We think about ordinary Armenians so that they have cheaper and cleaner energy.

We believe that energy efficiency, new technologies simply improve the quality of life of ordinary Armenians, added the diplomat.

Richard Mills, the U.S. ambassador in Yerevan, said last month that Armenia can attract billions of dollars in investments from U.S. energy companies if it liberalizes its energy sector. In his words, U.S. investments could also be channeled into renewable energy.

One U.S. firm, ContourGlobal, completed a $250 million acquisition of Armenia s largest hydroelectric complex over a year ago.

A team representing Armenia won bronze during the annual FIRST Global robotics challenge, which concluded Tuesday at the DAR Convention center in Washington, USA. First Global organizes a yearly international robotics challenge to ignite a passion for Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) among the more than two billion youth across the world.

Teams from 163 countries competed in the event.

In this year s challenge, competitors were asked to design their robot to complete a variety of engineering tasks focused on access to clean water, and best cooperate

in international robot alliances that have a variety of skills to accomplish these tasks because allianced that cooperate the best will be most prepared to succeed.

Armenia s team was represented by students from the TUMO Center for Creative Technologies.

The students selected for FIRST Global are among those who have participated in the organization s robotics workshops, have demonstrated the ability to work in a group, have numerous achievements in different fields and are dedicated to the fields of robotics and programming.

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23 Turkey Says Activists, Amnesty International Director Must Remain in Jail TURKEY

Amnesty Secretary General: Today We Have Learned That Standing up for Human Rights has Become a Crime in Turkey I S TA N B U L , Tu r k e y A n Istanbul court ordered that six human rights activists detained on July 5 including the director of Turkey s Amnesty International office must remain in custody. A total of 10 activists were detained over accusations that they were involved in aiding a terror group. The remaining four activists were released from detention on July 18, pending the outcome of a trial, but have been banned from traveling abroad.

The remanding of six human rights defenders in pre-trial custody is an appalling affront to justice and a new low in Turkey s post-coup crackdown, said Amnesty International in a statement.

Amnesty International Turkey s Director, Idil Eser, who was among those remanded in custody, was detained alongside nine others on July 5 while attending a routine workshop. All 10 activists are suspected, without grounds, of committing crime in the name of a terrorist organization without being

a member. The six who were remanded in custody join Amnesty International Turkey s Chair, Taner Kiliç, behind bars.

Turkish prosecutors have had 12 days to establish the obvious: that these activists are innocent. The decision to proceed shows that truth and justice have become total strangers in Turkey, said Amnesty International s Secretary General Salil Shetty. This is not a legitimate prosecution, this is a politically motivated persecution that charts a frightening future for rights in Turkey, Shetty added.

The bizarre accusations include attempts to link Idil Eser with three unrelated and opposing terrorist organizations through her work with Amnesty International. The prosecutor s request that she be remanded in pre-trial prison custody references two Amnesty International campaigns, neither of which were authored by Amnesty Turkey, one of which was conducted before she joined the organization.

An accusation levelled against lknur Üstün of the Women s Coalition, who was released on bail, is that she requested funding from an embassy to support a project on gender equality, participation in

Human right activists detained in Turkey.

policy making and reporting.

Today we have learned that standing up for human rights has become a crime in Turkey. This is a moment of truth, for Turkey and for the international community, said Shetty. Leaders around the world must stop biting their tongues and acting as if they can continue business as usual. They must bring pressure to bear on Turkish authorities to drop these spurious charges and to immediately and unconditionally release the rights defenders, Shetty added.

The six jailed human rights

Iraqi Kurdistan Going Forward with Independence Referendum on September 25 By: Harout Manougian There will be no delay. The referendum [on independence] will take place on September 25. It was a clear message from Bayan Sami Rahman, the representative of the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) [of Iraq] to the United States, during a panel discussion at the US House of Representatives cohosted by the London Center for Policy Research and Soran University.

Earlier this month, US officials had been trying to convince the KRG to postpone the referendum, citing worries about how it may affect Iraq s 2018 parliamentary election, according to Rudaw, an Iraqi Kurdish media outlet. The announcement of the referendum had also triggered angry reactions from Baghdad, Ankara, and Tehran, who have concerns about what an independent Iraqi Kurdistan might mean for the future of the region.

Congressman Trent Franks (R-AZ), who was also one of the panelists at the event, expressed his unreserved support for an independent Iraqi Kurdistan. Last year, he brought forward a bill in Congress to authorize shipments of arms directly to the KRG, without coordinating with Iraq s federal government in Baghdad the bill did not pass under the Obama administration. He recognized the role of the Kurdish peshmerga forces in the war against ISIS and expressed the need to align Iraqi Kurdistan directly with the United States instead of allowing it to be dominated

by Islamist regimes in Turkey or Iran .

Another panelist, retired Brigadier General Ernie Audino, called for the establishment of a permanent large-scale US military base in Iraqi Kurdistan. A London Center Senior Fellow and a Senior Advisor to the Kurdistan National Assembly of Syria, he highlighted the KRG s resistance to Islamic jihadism and described Erbil as an island of decency and humanity floating to the top, like cream.

Dr. Kamal Kolo, a Christian native of Kurdistan, stated that the KRG had spoken in favour of an autonomous area for Christian

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minorities within an independent Iraqi Kurdistan. He used the flow of Chaldean and Assyrian refugees into Iraqi Kurdistan as evidence that they felt safe under the jurisdiction of the KRG. He expressed that it was now up to those Christian minorities to begin negotiations with the KRG on what their status in an independent Kurdistan would look like.

Professor Walid Phares, an advisor to Donald Trump during his presidential campaign, in his remarks, speculated that American opposition to the referendum could be overcome if the following four conditions are met: first, the vote is well-organized and conducted without irregularities; second, that minorities are well-represented and do not raise objections; third, that the KRG is subsequently able to successfully conclude negotiations with Baghdad; and, finally, that an independent Iraqi Kurdistan does not encourage separatism in other countries. All the panelists agreed that the referendum would serve only as an initial step, providing the KRG with the mandate to enter into negotiations with Baghdad towards a final settlement.

Eli Gold, cofounder of the conservative London Center for Policy Research and its Senior Vice-President, concluded with the thought that, in Kurdistan, it is known that foreign governments cannot grant them independence; only they can grant it to themselves.

Harout Manougian is a 2017 ANCA Leo Sarkisian Intern and a 2019 MPA candidate at Harvard University s John F. Kennedy School of Government.

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defenders are dil Eser (Amnesty International), Günal Kur un (Human Rights Agenda Association), Özlem Dalk ran (Citizens Assembly), Veli Acu (Human Rights Agenda Association), Ali Gharavi (IT strategy consultant), and Peter Steudtner (non-violence and wellbeing trainer).

The four human rights defenders who were released on bail are lknur Üstün (Women s Coalition), eyhmus Özbekli (Rights Initiative), Nejat Ta tan (Equal Rights Watch Association), and Nalan Erkem,(Citizens Assembly).

Taner Kiliç was detained on

June 6. He was charged three days later with membership of the F e t h u l l a h G ü l e n Te r r o r i s t Organization and remanded in pretrial detention. Taner Kiliç has served on the board of Amnesty International Turkey for various periods since 2002 and has been Chair since 2014.

During his decades of work for human rights organizations in Turkey he has consistently demonstrated an unswerving commitment to human rights.

Amnesty International has initiated an online campaign demanding the release of the jailed

Nishanyan This Regime Is Going to Go, and We Will Return!

Sevan Nishanyan

(A.W.) In a recent interview with Armenian Weekly correspondent Gulisor Akkum, Sevan Nishanyan, who escaped prison and fled Turkey on July 14, said that Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan s regime s days are numbered and that he will eventually return to his home country.

I am sad that I will be away from my village and my home for a period of time. But I do not believe this political insanity in Turkey will continue for too long. This regime is going to go, and we will return! the Turkish-Armenian intellectual, travel writer, entrepreneur, and researcher told Akkum.

Nishanyan was jailed on Dec. 2, 2014, for construction infractions. The charges that had him locked up stemmed from the renovations and additions to his hotels in Sirince, an old Greek village in Izmir that has become a tourist destination thanks to Nishanyan and his rustic hotel business.

The bird has flown. Wish the same for 80 million left behind, Nishanyan said in a Tweet on July 14 upon fleeing the country. He also changed his profile photo on Twitter in the evening hours of July 14 and replaced it with a photo of a flying bird.

Nishanyan has since posted three new photos on his Facebook page, without specifying his location. The caption of one of the photos, which has since been removed but continues to be shared among several media outlets, simply reads fugitive in Turkish.

Nishanyan confirmed the reports of his escape to Turkish Habertürk daily newspaper by phone, but declined to give details of when and how he managed to flee.

I do not want to comment on that topic.

It is a bit too early to talk about methods and procedures. I will tell all the details when the time comes, let no one have a doubt. But, it is not yet the time, Nishanyan told the Turkish daily. I thought the 3.5 years [I served in prison] was enough. Therefore, I thought it was now time to take a bit of a breath. This is what happened. Utilizing some unique circumstances or deficiencies of Turkey, in this situation, I have decided to go out of our state s control, he added.

According to some reports, Nishanyan was allowed to leave prison for one day every three months and simply did not return after his latest sanctioned leave. Ni anyan was sentenced to a total of 17 years in a number of cases.

If Nishanyan really has escaped from prison, I would like to congratulate him, said Turkish-Armenian journalist Hayko Ba dat, who has been living in exile in Germany, in a tweet.

Nishanyan came to public attention in Turkey in January, when he announced that Turkey s Justice Ministry had banned all newspapers and books from prisons except for the Quran as of Jan. 9.

24

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ARMENIA

Armenia: Can the Government Reverse Demographic Decline?

Armenia s government is pursuing an ambitious goal of increasing the country s population by a third over the next two decades. It is unclear how the government intends to reach that goal, but the effort suggests the country s leadership is trying to address growing public concern about the country s demographic decline.

President Serzh Sargsyan announced the goal at the first meeting of Armenia s newly elected parliament in May. The population, at just under 3 million today, should rise to 4 million by 2040, Sargsyan said. Our major task for the coming decades should be a significant improvement in the demographic situation in Armenia, he stressed.

Such an increase would mark a dramatic reversal of Armenia s recent demographic trend. Since gaining independence in 1991, the country s population has declined by about 640,000 people. According to statistics from the United Nations, it is projected to decrease further, to 2.7 million in 2050 and to 1.8 million in 2100. And those are the conservative estimates: in a worst-case scenario, the UN projects that the population could fall to 2 million by 2050.

So far, the government has said little about how it intends to increase the population.

In his speech, Sargsyan said the initiative would have three prongs: halting emigration, increasing the birthrate and longevity, and creating economic conditions that would encourage emigrants to return to Armenia. By the end of 2017, the government will come up with a long-term strategy, as well as a fiveyear medium-term plan with concrete measures and their implementation timetable, a senior Sargsyan adviser, Aram Gharibyan, told EurasiaNet.org.

Armenia is not alone among countries in Eurasia that are grappling with a demographic decline. According to UN projections, Georgia s population is predicted to drop from 4 million in 2015 to under 3.5 million in 2050. Within the same timeframe, Belarus s population is projected to drop from 9.5 million to 8.1 million; Ukraine s from 44.8 million to 35.1 million; and Russia s from 143.5 million to 128.6 million.

But solving Armenia s demographic problems poses unique challenges because

A lone girl sits in a classroom of a renovated school in Armenia. This South Caucasus country s population continues to decline due to sub-replacement fertility, high sex-selective abortion rate and massive out-migration. (Photo: Flore de Préneuf/World Bank)

of its high level of migration. More Armenians are being born than dying known as natural increase but that is far outweighed by those who leave the country, mostly for better job prospects. About 1.5 million Armenians have moved abroad since 1991, about 90 percent of them to Russia.

You need to stop migration, said Artak Markosian, a demographer at the Armenian Institute of International and Security Affairs (AIISA), a Yerevan think tank. Without that, any natural increase won t matter.

Fertility, though, also has decreased: in 1990, the average Armenian woman bore 3.2 children; today that figure is 1.5. That is partly due to economic insecurity, and partly to changes in social norms, said Garik Hayrapetyan, the director of the Armenia office of the UN Population Fund.

He contrasted the traditional Armenian ideal of seven sons sitting with you around the table to a more contemporary sensibility

(about $3,130) for fifth children on up. But those one-off benefits do not seem to be enough to influence most Armenians family planning decisions, Markosian said. Maybe that pays for diapers for a year and not much more, he said. You need to pay at least 34 million drams for parents to think it s worth it.

Armenia s population trend stands in sharp contrast to that of its neighbor and archnemesis, Azerbaijan. The two countries have struggled over the Nagorno-Karabakh territory for almost 30 years, and intense bouts of fighting over the past 18 months underscore that the risk of renewed all-out warfare remains uncomfortably high. UN projections show that the Azerbaijani population is expected to rise from 9.8 million in 2015 to 11 million in 2050.

In Azerbaijan, women with five or more children are allowed to retire earlier and receive small government subsidies.

Whatever the chances of actually reversing Armenia s population decline, the fact that Sargsyan is giving it such a high profile suggests the politics around the issue may be changing. Sargsyan was asked about migration in 2014 and he responded that emigration was not unique to Armenia, that it was due in part to factors out of the government s control, and that it was decreasing anyway. Former prime minister Tigran Sargsyan said he welcomed unemployed people leaving Armenia: Let them emigrate; should they instead stay and revolt?

It appears that the government sees its denialist attitude as no longer tenable, said Styopa Safaryan, the director of the AIISA. Five, 10 years ago, when people would raise this issue the Republican Party would say You know guys, we re in a globalized world, where labor migration is quite OK, it s not exceptional for Armenia, you have this trend in all countries, Safaryan said. But now, he said, Sargsyan understands that, in spite of the fact that they weren t talking about that issue, it s become a topic of public discussion.

taking hold. Now it s about thinking of the family well-being that having your next child isn t going to risk the well-being of your family.

This is very important, he said. The issue is to create the environment where people would think about having their desired number of children, which is still three to four in Armenia as compared to one or two in Europe, he said.

Another demographic issue for Armenia is sex-selective abortions, which has skewed the gender ratio among children being born.

Armenia s rate of 112 boys to 100 girls is the third highest in the world, behind only China and Azerbaijan. If that rate continues, there will be 93,000 missing women by 2060 and a corresponding drop in births, Hayrapetyan said.

Armenia has made some modest efforts to encourage families to bear more children.

Joshua Kucera is the Turkey/Caucasus One program, launched in 2012, offers 1 million drams (about $2,100) to families who editor at EurasiaNet.org, and author of The have a third or fourth child and 1.5 million Bug Pit. He is based in Istanbul.

Armenia Reports More Syrian Migrant Arrivals In 2017 Syrian nationals of Armenian descent have continued to relocate to Armenia this year due to the continuing bloody conflict in Syria, Diaspora Minister Hranush Hakobian said on Friday.

Hakobian told RFE/RL s Armenian service (Azatutyun.am) that around 300 Syrian Armenians took refuge in their ancestral homeland in the first half of 2017.

The influx of refugees seems to be continuing, albeit on a smaller scale, despite the virtual end of heavy fighting in Aleppo where most members of Syria s pre-war Armenian community lived. Syrian government troops regained full control over the warravaged city in December.

According to the Armenian government, roughly 22,000 Syrian Armenians have fled to Armenia since the outbreak of the conflict in 2011. Some have migrated to Europe and North America for mainly economic reasons.

Many of the remaining refugees are struggling to find jobs in the unemploymentstricken country. Some have opened shops, restaurants and other small businesses, drawing on their business experience in Syria.

The Armenian government has encouraged that entrepreneurship by subsidizing business loans extended to them by local commercial banks.

Three years ago, the government set aside commercial space for Syrian Armenian businesses in an underground pass in

Syrian Armenians arrive at Zvartnots airport.

downtown Yerevan. Dalita Degirmenjian and her husband Hovannes, who fled Aleppo three years ago, opened a small pastry bakery there early this year.

In Degirmenjian s words, Syrian food is becoming increasingly popular with local Armenians accustomed to a different, less spicy cuisine. My most in-demand product is katayef, she said, pointing to a traditional Arab dessert baked by her.

We ve grown used to Armenia, the Syrian Armenian woman told RFE/RL s Armenian service (Azatutyun.am). We would go back [to Syria] only to sell our home and shop.

Asked about her family s biggest problem in Armenia, Degirmenjian s singled out housing. Renting an apartment in Yerevan remains a heavy financial burden, she explained.

Another Aleppo native, the 22-year-old Kevork Sukiasian, owns and operates a barber shop in the same commercial area. Thank God, we have lots of customers, he said.

We are satisfied.

Sukiasian also has no plans to return to Syria. He said, though, that while he has expanded his business in the last three years he finds its further growth extremely problematic. You can t move forward in this city because the main difficulty is that everything is expensive, he said. The young man also complained of higher taxes in Armenia.

Every entrepreneur dreams of paying less taxes and developing their business, countered Hakobian. Of course, there are differences between the tax legislations of Syria and Armenia, but I think that our [Syrian Armenian] people are adapting.

According to the Ministry of the Diaspora, around 2,000 young Syrian Armenians currently study in Armenia s schools, while 500 others are enrolled in local universities.

The European Union announced on June 20 that it will provide more than $3 million in aid to Syrian refugees in Armenia.

It said the funding will support them by enhancing access to health and psychosocial services, improving housing conditions, increasing access to economic opportunities, and by facilitating the integration of schoolchildren and students.

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Ï³Ý ë»õ ÿÛÁ ÏÁ ˳éÝáõÇ áõñóáí: ÆëÏ áñå¿ë ½áí³óÁÝáÕ ÑÇõÃ, ÃñÙ»É áõñóÁ, å³Õ»É¿Ý Û»ïáÛ Ë³éÝ»É ß³ù³ñ »õ çáõñ, Ù³ïáõó»É ë³éáÛóáí »õ ÉÇÙáÝÇ ß»ñï»ñáí: λñ³Ïñ³ï»ë³ÏÝ»ñáõ Ù¿ç, Ùë»Õ¿ÝÝ»ñáõ ѳٳñ Çõñ³Û³ïáõÏ Ñ³Ù»ÙáõÝù ÏÁ ѳݹÇë³Ý³Û. »õ Ëáñáí³ÍÇ ÙÇëÇÝ »õ ï³åÏáõ³Í Ùë»Õ¿ÝÝ»ñáõÝ Ù¿ç ϳñ»ÉÇ ¿ û·ï³·áñÍ»É ³ÛÝ: ÜáÛÝå¿ë Ñáñ³Í å³ÝÇñÇ å³ïñ³ëïÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ óñÙ áõñóÁ ÏÁ ˳éÝáõÇ å³ÝÇñÇÝ áõ ϳÃݳßáéÇÝ: ²õ³Ý¹³Ï³Ý óÃË³Ý ½³³Ã»ñÇÝ Ù¿ç ¿³Ï³Ý ï»Õ áõÝÇ ³Ýáñ û·ï³·áñÍáõÙÁ: îáÉٳݻñáõ (Ùë³ÛÇÝ Ã¿ å³Ñù³ÛÇÝ) ÙÇçáõÏÁ å³ïñ³ëï»ÉÇë ³Ýå³ÛÙ³Ý áõñó »õ ¹³ÕÓ ÏÁ ¹ñáõÇ Ã³ñ٠ϳݳãÇÝ»ñáõ Ñ»ï ÙdzëÇÝ: ì³Ý³Û ù¿É¿ÏÛáß ïáݳÍÇë³Ï³Ý ׳ßÇ íñ³Û ëá˳é³ÍÁ ÏÁ ѳٻÙáõÇ áõñó ¹³ÕÓ ³Ý³ÝáõË Ë³éÝáõñ¹áí, ÇÝãå¿ë ݳ»õ ÝٳݳïÇå ³ÛÉ ×³ß»ñáõÝ Ù¿ç ãáñóÝáí (ϳ٠»÷³Í Ù³ÍáõÝáí) å³ïñ³ëïáõ³Í: àñáß ßñç³ÝÝ»ñáõ Ù¿ç, ³Ù³ñ³ÛÇÝ å³Õ óݳåáõñÇÝ íñ³Û óñÙ ÍÇÃñáÝ Ï³Ù áõñó ÏÁ É»óÝ»Ý: ä³ñëϳѳۻñáõ ³õ³Ý¹³Ï³Ý ËáѳÝáóÇÝ Ù¿ç Ï³Û Ùáéóáõ³Í ׳߳ï»ë³Ï ÙÁ, ½áñë ÏÁ ÏáãáõÇ ÁñóÁËÛáõë, ³ÛëÇÝùÝ áõñóáí ËÇõë. å³ñ½áõÝ³Ï Ã³ÝÓñ ³åáõñ ÙÁÝ ¿, Ñ³Ù»Õ »õ ëÝݹ³ñ³ñ:

´³Õ³¹ñáõÃÇõÝÁ 2 ³åáõñÇ ¹·³É áõñó 2 ÉÇïñ çáõñ 5 ³åáõñÇ ¹·³É ³ÉÇõñ 2 ³åáõñÇ ¹·³É ÇõÕ Ï³Ù Ï³ñ³· ³Õ ä³ïñ³ëïáõÃÇõÝÁ 1.- ºéÙ³Ý çáõñáí ÃñÙ»É áõñóÁ ù³ÝÇ ÙÁ ųÙ: 2.- ²ÉÇõñÁ ûûõ³ÏÇ Ë³ñÏ»É ÇõÕáí, ³å³ É»óÝ»É áõñóÇ ÃáõñÙÁ, ³ÝÁݹѳï ˳éÝ»Éáí, áñå¿ë½Ç ѳٳë»é ¹³éݳÛ. »÷»É ÙÇÝã»õ áñ »é³Û:

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cont. from page 20 stress, anger or any negative emotion-type of release is letting it all out on the court or field.

All the while learning to work with others they may not know that well.

These lessons and rules are remembered especially on Tuesdays for swimming and every Friday for a field trip. As well as free pizza lunch for all the kids on Wednesday s, there is so much on a weekly basis for the campers to look forward to. After free pizza lunch, the upper grades get to learn Chess from a professional. Chess is one of the top Armenian sports and this is a great way to embrace their culture. Armenia had already mandate chess as part of the school curriculum. Although sitting down, it instills key lessons that aren t directly taught in the classroom such as logic, patience, and discipline.

This year, director Mariam Arakelian feels that Jampar provides a warm and safe Armenian community for the campers. With all the programs and events going on per

Ðûñë ÚÇß³ï³ÏÇÝ ß³ñ. 6-ñ¹ ¿ç¿Ý ö³ñ³×³ÝáíÇ Ù³ëÇÝ »ñµ ÏÁ ½ñáõó¿ñ« ³Ý ³Ù¿Ý ÇÝã ÏÁ Ùáéݳñ »õ »ñ³Ýáõû³Ý å³Ñ»ñ Ï'³åñ¿ñ« ³é³Ýó ³Ý¹ñ³¹³éݳÉáõ, áñ ¹ÇÙ³óÇÝÁ ݳ˳å¿ë Ïñݳñ Éë³Í ÁÉÉ³É ÝÇõÃÁ£ гÛñë« µÝáõû³Ý ѳݹ¿å ³Ýï³ñµ»ñ ã¿ñ« Û³×³Ë ÷áùñ ·Çõï»ñ ³É Ï'ÁÝ¿ñ© í»ñç»ñë« ûñ ÙÁ« Ýëï³ë»Ý»³ÏÇ å³ïáõѳÝÇÝ ³éç»õ Ýëï³Í« µ³ñÓñ³Ó³ÛÝ ì³ñ³· ϳÝã»ó. ùÇã ÙÁ í³Ëó³Í ùáíÁ í³½»óÇ« ÇٳݳÉáõ ѳٳñ å³ï׳éÁ© Ù³ïݳÝß»Éáí ¹ÇÙ³óÇ Í³éÁ Áë³õ© §Ý³Û¿°« ÑáÝ« ï»ñ»õÝ»ñÁ Ç° Ýã ݳ½³Ýùáí ÏÁ å³ñ»Ý¦ áõñÇß ûñ ÙÁ ϳÝã»ó, áñ ³Ï³Ýç³Éáõñ ÁÉɳ٠ÃéãáõÝÝ»ñáõ ѳٻñ·ÇÝ®£ àãÇÝã¿Ý Ï'áõñ³Ë³Ý³ñ« áõñ³Ë³óÝ»Éáí ßñç³å³ïÁ« ÙÇ³Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ß³Ñ»Éáí ³ÝáÝó ѳٳÏñ³ÝùÁ£ ä³å« íëï³Ñ »ÕÇ°ñ« áñ ¹áõÝ« ٳٳÛÇÝ« ê³ñÇÏÇÝ« ÇÝÍÇ« Ù»½Ç° ѳٳñ »Õ³ñ ³ÝÝÙ³Ý ³ÙáõëÇÝ áõ ѳÛñ« ù»½ »ñµ»ù åÇïÇ ãÙáéݳÝù« ¹áõÝ ³Ù¿Ý ûñ Ù»ñ Ùï³ÍáõÙÝ»ñáõÝ« Ù»ñ ³éûñ»³Û ³åñáõÙÝ»ñáõÝ Ù¿ç åÇïÇ ÙÝ³ë« ³ÛÝù³Ý ³ï»Ý áñ åÇïÇ ßÝã»Ýù© »õ ÃáÛÉ ïáõñ áñ ϳñ¹³Ù ì³ñáõųÝÇ ³ÛÝ µ³Ý³ëï»ÕÍáõÃÇõÝ¿Ý Ñ³ïáõ³Í ÙÁ« áñ ¹áõÝ ß³ï ÏÁ ëÇñ¿Çñ©

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week, the kids work on their teamwork and attentiveness.

Be that as it may, teamwork is in the nature of the job. Teamwork is essential to nearly every field, so these are skills the kids will reference later in life.

Another huge part of Jampar is the way the kids look up to the counsellor. Every counsellor is a leader and are aware of their power in that position. Being a role model means being upfront, not hiding the truth but illuminating it in all of its complexities, as well as being supportive and understanding.

Second year counsellor Bella Keshishian said along how much she enjoys working with kids, knowing you re positively impacting their lives is a pleasure.

Jampar epitomizes and celebrates the Armenian culture in an atmosphere all on its own. It is hard to believe that half of the summer has passed by already. All of us at Jampar have one more month left to create countless memories, learn life lessons, become education on the Armenian tradition and values and make friendships that will last forever.

г°Ûñ« »ë Ï»ñó٠³ÛÝ ×³Ùµ³Û¿Ýª áñ ×»ñÙ³Ï Ø³½»ñáõ¹ ½Çë ÏÁ ï³ÝÇ« ì³ëï³Ï³µ»Ï áëÏñÝ»ñáõ¹« Í»ñ ëñïǹ »õ ë¿ñ»ñáõ¹ ϻݹ³ÝÇ©©© ´³õ³Ï³Ý ¿- ³ß˳ï»ó³ñ « Ïñ»óÇñ« ²Ù¿Ý Ý»ïÇ« ѳñáõ³ÍÇ ì³Ñ³Ý »Õ³ñ ÇÝÍÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ© Ñá·Ç¹ ¿ª àñ Ñá·õáÛë Ù¿ç ÏÁ Û³ÍÇ£ ÇÙ ³ñÇõÝë ¿ ·áÛ³ó³Í ùáõ ùñïÇÝù¿¹© Úá·Ýáõû³Ý¹ ÍÇÉÝ »Ù ïËáõñ£ Ðá·Ç¹« ϳÕÝǯ« »ñµ ÏáõñÍù Ïáõ ï³ñ ÙÁññÇÏÇݪ ºë ßáõùÇÝ ï³Ï« ѳݷÇëï« Éáõé ÏÁ Ù»ÍݳÛÇ£ гñÏ ¿ ÑÇÙ³ ³°É ѳݷãÇë »õ »ë ù»½Ç Û³çáñ¹»Ù©©©© гÛñ ÇÙ ûñÑÝ¿°« ¹áÕ¹áç Ó»éù»ñ¹ ·ÉËáõë ¹Çñ© ÂáÕ Ù³ï»ñ¿¹ ϳÃÇ í³ñ ²ÕûÃù¹ ª »Ï³Í Ñá·õáÛ¹ å³Ûͳé Ëáñ³Ý¿Ý: ì»ñçÇÝ Å³ÙÝ ¿© ûñÑÝ¿° ѳÛñ£

Announcement:

Armenian Association of Toronto We regret to inform you that due to difficulty regarding Canadian visitor visas, the concert of

"Young Musicians of Shushi, Artsakh",

scheduled for September 23 and 24, 2017, has been postponed.

We will keep you informed of the new concert dates as soon as possible.

Thank you.

AAT

26

ú¶àêîàê 2017 Ä´. î²ðÆ, ÂÆô 142

see the asnswers reversed on this page

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ú¶àêîàê 2017 Ä´. î²ðÆ, ÂÆô 142