Torontohye#127 May 2016

IJ. î³ñÇ ÂÇõ 7 (127), زÚÆê 2016 Øß³ÏáõóÛÇÝ, ÀÝÏ»ñ³ÛÇÝ, ²Ûɳ½³Ý ä³ñµ»ñ³Ã»ñÃ

гɿåÇ Æñ³íÇ׳ÏÁ` ̳Ûñ³ëïÇ×³Ý È³ñáõ³Í© г۳µÝ³Ï ³ճٳë»ñÁ ÎÁ ÐñÃÇé³ÏáÍáõÇÝ

Volume 11, No. 7 (127), MAY 2016 Toronto Armenian Community Newspaper

¶³Ý³ï³Ñ³ÛáõÃÇõÝÁ Üß»ó гÛÏ³Ï³Ý ò»Õ³ëå³Ýáõû³Ý 101ñ¹ ²Ù»³ÏÁ

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¶³Ý³ï³Û¿Ý ѳõ³ùáõ³Í ûųݹ³ÏáõÃÇõÝÁ Ïáõï³Ïáõ³Íª ÏÁ ëå³ë¿ Ô³ñ³µ³Õ ³é³ùÙ³Ý:

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åáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõ ѳٳ¹ñáõ³Í ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇÝ ßÝáñÑÇõ ѳõ³ùáõ³Í ¿ Ù»Í ù³Ý³Ïáõû³Ùµ ѳ·áõëï»Õ¿Ý« í»ñÙ³ÏÝ»ñ« ùݳå³ñÏ»ñ« ÏûßÇÏÝ»ñ »õ ³éûñ»³Û û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý ³ÛÉ Çñ»ñ:

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г½³ñ³õáñ ·³Ý³ï³Ñ³Û»ñ Ï°áõÕÕáõÇÝ ¹¿åÇ Ãñù³Ï³Ý ¹»ëå³Ý³ï³Ý ǵñ»õ гÛÏ³Ï³Ý ò»Õ³ëå³Ýáõû³Ý 101ñ¹ ³Ù»³ÏÇ µáÕáùÇ óáÛó: Èáõë³ÝϳñÝ»ñÁª ÆßË³Ý Ô³½³ñ»³ÝÇ:

²åñÇÉ 24ÇÝ ÂáñáÝÃáÛ¿Ý« ø»ÙåñÇ׿ݫ ØáÝñÿ³É¿Ý« гÙÇÉÃÁÝ¿Ý« ê»Ýà ø³ÃñÇݽ¿Ý úÃóáõ³ ѳٳËÙµáõ»ó³Ý ³õ»ÉÇ ù³Ý 3000 ѳÛáñ¹ÇÝ»ñ »õ ¶³Ý³ï³ÛÇ ËáñÑñ¹³ñ³ÝÇÝ »õ ³å³ Ãñù³Ï³Ý ¹»ëå³Ý³ï³Ý ³éç»õ µáÕáùÇ óáÛó»ñ ϳï³ñ»óÇÝ: ²ÝáÝó Ùdzó³Ý ³ëáñ³Ï³Ý« ùñï³Ï³Ý« éáõ³Ýï³Ï³Ý »õ åáÝï³Ï³Ý å³ïáõÇñ³ÏáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõ ³Ý¹³ÙÝ»ñÁ« áñáÝù úÃóáõ³ Å³Ù³Ý³Í ¿ÇÝ Çñ»Ýó ½ûñ³ÏóáõÃÇõÝÁ Û³ÛïÝ»Éáõ ѳÛáõû³Ý: гõ³ùÝ áõ ù³Ûɳñß³õÁ ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñå³Í ¿ñ ¶³Ý³ï³ÛÇ Ð³Û ¹³ïÇ Û³ÝÓݳËáõÙµÁ: úÃóáõ³ÛÇ áëïÇϳÝáõÃÇõÝÁ ³Ûë ï³ñÇ »õë Ãñù³Ï³Ý ѳٳÛÝùÇ Ý»ñϳ۳óáõóÇãÝ»ñáõÝ ³ñïûݳ·Çñ ïáõ³Í ¿ñ« áñå¿ë½Ç ³ÝáÝù ¶³Ý³ï³ÛÇ ËáñÑñ¹³ñ³ÝÇÝ ¹ÇÙ³ó Çñ»Ýó ѳõ³ùÁ ϳï³ñ»Ý ·ñ»Ã¿ ÙÇ»õÝáÛÝ å³ÑáõÝ« »ñµ ï»ÕÇ Ï°áõݻݳñ Ø»Í ºÕ»éÝÇ á·»ÏáãÙ³Ý ï³ñ»Ï³Ý ³õ³Ý¹³Ï³Ý ³ñ³ñáÕáõÃÇõÝÁ:

Ð³Û »õ Ãáõñù ѳٳÛÝùÝ»ñÁ Çñ³ñÙ¿ µ³ÅÝáõ³Í ¿ÇÝ Û³ïáõÏ ³Ýó³ñ·»É Ù»ï³Õ»³Û å³ïÝ¿ßÝ»ñáí: гõ³ùÇÝ Ý»ñÏ³Û ¿ÇÝ èáõëÇáÛ« Úáõݳëï³ÝÇ »õ ÎÇåñáëÇ ¹»ëå³Ý³ïáõÝ»ñáõ Ý»ñϳ۳óáõóÇãÝ»ñÁ: úñáõ³Ý ѳݹÇë³í³ñ ²ñ³ñ³ï Âáñáë»³Ý Û³ÛïÝ»ó« ÿ ÂáõñùÇ³Ý ³Ûëûñ »õë ÅËïáÕ³Ï³Ý Çñ ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ýáõû³Ùµ ÏÁ ß³ñáõݳϿ »õ ÏÁ ÏñÏÝ¿ ò»Õ³ëå³Ýáõû³Ý ·áñÍÁÝóóÁ: ²Ý Çñ ËûëùÇÝ Ù¿ç ¹³ï³å³ñï»ó ݳ»õ ²ñó³ËÇ Ë³Õ³Õ µÝ³Ïãáõû³Ý ѳݹ¿å ²½ñå¿Û׳ÝÇ ·áñͳ¹ñ³Í µ³ñµ³ñáëáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁ: Êûëù ³é³õ ¶³Ý³ï³ÛÇ Ù¿ç г۳ëï³ÝÇ ¹»ëå³Ý ²ñÙ¿Ý º·³Ý»³Ý« áñ ßÝáñѳϳÉáõÃÇõÝ Û³ÛïÝ»ó ¶³Ý³ï³ÛÇ Çß˳ÝáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõÝ« áñáÝù ѳÛáõû³Ý Çñ³õáõÝùÝ»ñáõÝ »õ ѳٳß˳ñѳÛÇÝ ³éáõÙáí Ù³ñ¹Ï³ÛÇÝ Çñ³õ³Ýó å³ßïå³Ý ÏÁ ѳݹÇë³Ý³Ý: ÆßËáÕ ²½³ï³Ï³Ý Ïáõë³Ïóáõû³Ý

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TORONTO ARMENIANS 20 George Clooney: One Cannot Deny Genocide زÚÆê 2016 IJ. î²ðÆ, ÂÆô 127

YEREVAN The Armenian Genocide is not just part of Armenian history, it s not the pain of a particular country or people, it s part of world history, said Academy Award-winning actor and humanitarian George Clooney at the Second Global Forum Against the Crime of Genocide in Yerevan.

Clooney spoke about genocide recognition, calling it a long struggle, One cannot deny what has happened, he said, adding, When someone is trying to annihilate a whole human race, culture, people, that s genocide, there can be no other version of it.

After the Holocaust we always heard the never again expression; however, it was followed by Rwanda, Cambodia, Bosnia, and Darfur genocides.

What we are doing today has two objectives. First, we have to look back into the past and remember that it s not the pain of a particular country or people; it s part of world history. Second, we need to move forward, Clooney added.

Clooney arrived in Armenia on April 22 to present the first Aurora Prize for Awakening Humanity, which recognizes individuals and organizations for the exceptional impact their actions have made on preserving human life and advancing humanitarian causes.

Clooney is a member of the Aurora Prize Selection Committee, which also includes Nobel laureates Elie Wiesel, Oscar Arias, Shirin

Armenian President Serzh Sarkisian, U.S. actor George Clooney and French-Armenian singer Charles Aznavour attend a remembrance ceremony at the Armenian Genocide Memorial in Yerevan, 24 April 2016.

Ebadi and Leymah Gbowee; former Ireland President Mary Robinson; human rights activist Hina Jilani; former Australian Foreign Minister and International Crisis Group President Emeritus Gareth Evans; and Carnegie Corporation of New York President Vartan Gregorian.

On behalf of the survivors of the Armenian Genocide and in gratitude to their saviors, an Aurora Prize laureate will be honored each year with a $100,000 grant as well as the

unique opportunity to continue the cycle of giving by nominating organizations that inspired their work for a $1 million award.

100 LIVES is a new global initiative rooted in the events of the Armenian Genocide, during which hundreds of thousands of Armenians were saved by the courageous and heroic acts of individuals and institutions. A century later, 100 LIVES seeks to express gratitude, to share remarkable stories of survivors and their saviors, and to celebrate the strength of the

Clooney speaks during Aurora Prize ceremony in Yerevan.

human spirit.

100 LIVES is an initiative of the IDeA (Initiatives for Development of Armenia) Foundation, a charitable foundation committed to promoting socioeconomic development in Armenia through investments in long-term, non-profit projects.

Burundi Activist Wins Prize Created In Memory Of Armenian Genocide On April 25, 2016, Marguerite Barankitse, a woman who saved thousands of children in Burundi from extermination received a new international humanitarian award created in memory of the 1915 Armenian genocide in Ottoman Turkey.

Hollywood star George Clooney awarded the first Aurora Prize for Awakening Humanity to Ms. Barankitse, a humanitarian worker from the African state, at a ceremony held in Yerevan.

The award was established last year by three prominent Diaspora Armenians: philanthropists Ruben Vardanyan and Noubar Afeyan, and Vartan Gregorian, the president of the Carnegie Corporation of New York. It is designed to honor individuals around the world who risk their lives to help others.

The prize is named after Aurora Mardiganian, an Armenian genocide survivor who witnessed the massacre of relatives and told her story in a book and film.

Barankitse, the founder of an orphanage in Burundi, was one of four finalists picked last month by an international selection committee co-chaired by Clooney and Elie Wiesel, a prominent Holocaust survivor. The committee also includes three other Nobel laureates: Iranian human rights campaigner Shirin Ebadi, Costa Rica s former President Oscar Arias and Liberian peace activist Leymah Gbowee.

Barankitse, who had to flee Burundi last year, has saved some 30,000 children who became orphans as a result of bloody ethnic conflicts that plagued her country as well as neighboring Rwanda over two decades ago.

Her Maison Shalom charity has sheltered and educated them.

American actor George Clooney and Russian-Armenian philanthropist Ruben Vardanyan (L) give the Aurora Prize for Awakening Humanity to Marguerite Barankitse, a humanitarian worker from Burundi, at a ceremony in Yerevan, 24Apr2016. (Photo courtesy of Auroraprize.com)

This is a victory of love over hatred, Barankitse said at the award ceremony timed to coincide with official commemorations of the 101st anniversary of the Armenian genocide.

Marguerite Barankitse serves as a reminder of the impact that one person can have even when encountering seemingly insurmountable persecution, Clooney said for his part.

The American actor and director emphasized the importance of the award.

Tonight s award celebrates heroism and bravery far beyond what most of us can do in a lifetime, he said.

We also honor the 1.5 million lives that

were lost 101 years ago, and we honor those lives by calling their tragedy by its true name: genocide, the Armenian genocide, added Clooney. Hitler once famously said, Who remembers Armenia? The answer is the whole world.

'3f '3fAustralia s former Foreign Minister Gareth Evans, another member of the Aurora selection committee, made a similar point.

The driving impulse of the prize was to ensure that we never forget, as some people want us to do, the Armenian genocide, and that we do continue to understand the incredible risks there are in so many places around the world of going back to the edge of that particular volcano, Evans said at the ceremony.

The prize carries a $100,000 personal grant to Barankitse. She was also awarded $1 million to donate to organizations that inspired her work. Barankitse chose three charities from Luxembourg as its recipients.

The committee co-headed by Clooney also awarded $25,000 to each of the three other finalists: Tom Catena, an American doctor running the sole hospital in Sudan s Nuba Mountains, Syeda Ghulam Fatima, a Pakistani advocate of destitute workers, and Rev. Bernard Kinvi, a Catholic priest who has saved the lives of over 1,000 Muslims in the Central African Republic.

Unlike the other finalists, Catena, who is based in a rebel-held region in southern Sudan, was unable to travel to Armenia for the ceremony. Addressing it by Skype, he appealed for urgent international humanitarian aid to the region.

We are sort of a small Syria in a lot of ways, he said, accusing Sudan s ruling regime of perpetrating a quiet genocide there for the past two decades.

100 LIVES, a pan-Armenian group which launched the Aurora Prize, also teamed up with the International Center for Journalists (ICFJ) to give its first Integrity in Journalism Award to Rukmini Callimachi, an investigative reporter with The New York Times. Callimachi has written extensively on the ordeals of thousands of Yazidi women in Iraq captured and used as sex slaves by the Islamic State extremist group.

In bearing witness to the suffering of these women, I hope that one day that suffering may end, Callimachi said as she received the award at the Yerevan ceremony.

Yazidi Genocide Memorial Unveiled In Yerevan

On April 21, in Yerevan, leaders of Armenia s Yazidi community inaugurated a memorial to Yazidis and other people massacred by the so-called Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) in what the United States has recognized as genocide.

The statue of a Yazidi woman holding a child was unveiled in a public park in the city center at a ceremony that was attended by parliamentary leaders of Armenia s main political parties and the head of the European Union Delegation in Yerevan, Piotr Switalski.

It symbolizes the suffering of Yazidis and other minorities in a region in northern Iraq that was overrun by the ISIS in 2014.

Amo Sharoyan, the chairman of the Yazidi Armenian organization Midia-Shangal, drew parallels between the massacres committed by the ISIS and the 1915 Armenian genocide in Ottoman Turkey.

The Armenian and all other genocides must be recognized and condemned so that such crimes are not repeated, Sharoyan said continue page 21 A memorial to Yazidis and other people massacred by the ISIS in Iraq is unveiled in Yerevan, 21 April 2016.

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Canadian PM Trudeau Upholds Genocide Obama Issues Statement on Armenian Recognition Commitment Remembrance Day Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau released a statement commemorating the 101st anniversary of the Armenian Genocide. In a statement dated April 24, 2016, Trudeau recalled the resolutions passed by both the Senate and the House of Commons recognizing the Armenian Genocide and stated that We preserve the memory of those who lost their lives and those who suffered during this genocide, and pay our deepest respects to their descendants, including those who now call Canada home.

Below is Trudeau s statement in its entirety.

Prime Minister Jastin Trudeau *** On this day, we mark the 101st commemoration of the tragic loss of life of the Armenian population during the waning days of the Ottoman Empire in 1915.

Both the Senate of Canada and the House of Commons have adopted resolutions referring to these events as genocide.

We preserve the memory of those who lost their lives and those who suffered during this genocide, and pay our deepest respects to their descendants, including those who now call Canada home.

In solemnly acknowledging this event, let us use this moment as an opportunity to look forward and strengthen our collective resolve to ensure such acts are never again repeated.

While we must never forget the lessons of history, we must also be reminded that past injustices do not serve our communities if they divide us. Canadians of all backgrounds and faiths stand together in reaffirming our collective commitment to the values of pluralism, human rights, and diversity.

On this anniversary, please join me in my hope for a peaceful future based on tolerance, respect, and reconciliation.

The Rt. Hon. Justin Trudeau, P.C., M.P. Prime Minister of Canada

Toronto Highway Banner: ''101 Years of Denial''

Below is President Barack Obama s Armenian Remembrance Day statement. Obama avoided the word genocide , instead employing the Armenian term Meds Yeghern (the Great Catastrophe).

*** Today we solemnly reflect on the first mass atrocity of the 20th century the Armenian Meds Yeghern when one and a half million Armenian people were deported, massacred, and marched to their deaths in the final days of the Ottoman empire.

As we honor the memory of those who suffered during the dark days beginning in 1915 and commit to learn from this tragedy so it may never be repeated we also pay tribute to those who sought to come to their aid. One such individual was U.S. Ambassador Henry Morgenthau, Sr., who voiced alarm both within the U.S. government and with Ottoman leaders in an attempt to halt the violence.

Voices like Morgenthau s continue to be essential to the mission of atrocity prevention, and his legacy shaped the later work of human rights champions such as Raphael Lemkin, who helped bring about the first United Nations human rights treaty.

This is also a moment to acknowledge the remarkable resiliency of the Armenian people and their tremendous contributions both to the international community as well as to American society. We recall the thousands of Armenian refugees who decades ago began new lives in the United States, forming a community that has enormously advanced the vitality of this nation and risen to prominence and distinction across a wide range of endeavors. At a moment of regional turmoil to Armenia s south, we also thank the people of Armenia for opening their arms to Syrian refugees, welcoming nearly 17,000 into their

Yazidi Genocide ... at the ceremony.

U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry said last month that the ISIS, an extremist group also known as Daesh, is responsible for genocide against Christians, Yazidis, and other religious and ethnic groups in both Iraq and Syria. We must hold the perpetrators accountable, he declared.

There are an estimated 50,000 Yazidis Armenian Youth Federation (AYF) Toronto members held banners over the busiest living in Armenia, making them the country s highway in Canada during rush hour. single largest ethnic minority.

On April 19, AYF Canada launched it's ''101 Hours of Action'' campaign dedicated President Serzh Sargsyan condemned to the 101st anniversary of the Armenian Genocide. The goal of this campaign is to reach as many people in the public as possible in the lead up to our annual demonstration and march in Ottawa on April 24.

President Barack Obama

country.

As we look from the past to the future, we continue to underscore the importance of historical remembrance as a tool of prevention, as we call for a full, frank, and just acknowledgment of the facts, which would serve the interests of all concerned. I have consistently stated my own view of what occurred in 1915, and my view has not changed. I have also seen that peoples and nations grow stronger, and build a foundation for a more just and tolerant future, by acknowledging and reckoning with painful elements of the past. We continue to welcome the expression of views by those who have sought to shed new light into the darkness of the past, from Turkish and Armenian historians to Pope Francis. ý Today we stand with the Armenian people throughout the world in recalling the horror of the Meds Yeghern and reaffirm our ongoing commitment to a democratic, peaceful, and prosperous Armenia. cont. from page 20 the mass killings and deportations of Iraqi Yazidis as absolutely unacceptable shortly after they were first reported in the summer of 2014. Sarkisian instructed Armenia s Foreign Ministry and diplomatic missions abroad to redouble their efforts to adequately raise the issue in the international arena.

The move followed a series of street protests staged by Yazidis in Yerevan. They said that the Armenian government is slow to react to the atrocities committed against their ethnic kin.

Toronto-Armenian community members stand with the people of Artsakh Visit SAH Website for all you donations to the new Syrian Armenians.

www.sah.armenian.ca

Members of Toronto-Armenian community expressed their solidarity with the people of Artsakh by a spontaneous gathering at the Armenian Community Center on April 5, 2016 in Toronto. Photo by Ishkhan Ghazarian.

Online donations and any donation greater than $20 will receive an immediate tax receipt by email. Online donations can be done by credit card or Paypal account.

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ARMENIAN GENOCIDE

Thousands Commemorate The 101st Anniversary Of The Armenian Genocide In Ottawa

Demonstrators at Parliament Hill.

Ottawa Over 3,000 Canadians from across the country gathered in Ottawa on Sunday, April 24th to commemorate the 101st anniversary of the Armenian Genocide and protest the Government of Turkey s ongoing denial.

The demonstrators gathered at the steps of Parliament Hill on Wellington Street to thank Canada and the Canadian government for their recognition of the Armenian Genocide, but also called upon the government to exert pressure on its NATO ally, Turkey, to come to terms with its past and put an end to its ongoing policy of Genocide denial.

101 years have passed since the start of the Armenian Genocide; the prototype for modern day genocides, including the Holocaust.

Through the efforts of the Turkish Government, the crime has gone unpunished. The families of victims have not been compensated and

virtually all Armenian property, cultural and religious wealth, and all remnants of the flourishing indigenous Armenian civilization of thousands of years remain confiscated or ruined in Turkey.

The demonstrators marched via Rideau Street to the Embassy of Turkey. Despite the passage of a century, activists gathered to protest against Turkey s ongoing denial policies and human rights violations, demanding justice and reparations for the 1.5 million victims of the Armenian Genocide.

The Armenian Youth Federation of Canada stressed the vitality of recognition and reparations in their annual speech.

We are here to tell this embassy that we will never accept an apology from the Turkish Government which offers no recognition, accepts no responsibility, expresses no regret and suggests no reparations for the

crimes committed , read the statement.

Members of the Armenian Youth Federation of Canada read to the protesters information about the lost churches, cultural centres and traditions of the confiscated provinces of Western Armenia, currently known as Eastern Turkey making clear that the Armenian losses are tangible and reinforcing the importance of reparations in any resolution for their cause.

The protest organizers also highlighted the various human rights abuses committed by the Turkish government today.

President Erdogan's infamous regime not only shamelessly continues to deny the Armenian Genocide, but actively suppresses freedom of speech and continues its notorious mistreatment and marginalization of minorities in Turkey with minimal regard to human

The crowd marching towards to Turkish Embassy in Ottawa, April 24, 2016.

Photo by Ishkhan Ghazarian

rights and democracy.

2015 marked the centennial of the Armenian Genocide, where millions of Armenians from around the world stood in unison to demand their rights and to obtain condemnation of the crimes that were perpetrated against them by the

Ottoman Turkish government. On this occasion, many countries, including Germany, recognized the Armenian Genocide, while Pope Francis called upon the government in Ankara to once and for all put an end to its policy of denial.

New Scholars join Zoryan 15th Annual Genocide and Human Rights University Program Toronto -Joyce Apsel, Course Director of Zoryan Institute's GHRUP welcomes new scholars, Dr. Andrew Woolford, Dr. Stephan Astourian, and Dr. Hazel Cameron to the faculty this year, as it approaches the 15th anniversary of the course, held annually at the University of Toronto campus. These new talents bring a diverse body of research and experience to our exceptional faculty of 12 scholars:

Dr. Andrew Woolford

Dr. Andrew Woolford In the wake of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission s final report, declaring their findings of cultural genocide against

Indigenous peoples of Canada, Dr. Andrew Woolford of the University of Manitoba will teach about this phenomenon and its implications.

His seminar will follow on the heels of Zoryan s conference held in March at McGill University in partnership with The McGill Centre for Human Rights and Legal Pluralism regarding cultural genocide, where Indigenous scholars emphasized the importance of educating the public on this history.

Dr. Woolford is the current President of the International Association of Genocide Scholars, a global organization committed to genocide scholarship.

Dr. Stephan Astourian The lands where the Armenian, Assyrian and Greek genocide took place are once again a battleground due to terrorism and ethnic cleansing of Kurds, Yezidis, Assyrians, Christians and even Muslims that do not conform to radical Islamic ideology, inflicted by ISIS. This is reminiscent of the mass killings of Armenians and the collective violence and conflict that had prevailed in Anatolia and its surroundings in the 19th Century as described by Dr. Stephan Astourian in his essay On the Genealogy of Armenian-Turkish Conflict, Sultan

Dr. Stephan Astourian

Abdulhamid and the Armenian Massacres.

Dr. Stephan Astourian, Executive Director of Armenian Studies at the University of California-Berkeley, has been invited to the program as faculty to share his expertise on the ongoing impact of the mentality of violence that has persisted in this region until today, continuing to victimize religious groups such as Yezidis of Sinjar, Chaldean Christians of Mosul, and Syrian Kurds on the border of Turkey.

It is critical that the unit on the Armenian Genocide lay the groundwork for other genocides the GHRUP presents, in addition to providing the context of what

continues to occur in this region. Dr. to Toronto this year for the first time Astourian is a member of the Zoryan as a faculty member. At the University Institute board of Directors. of St. Andrews, Scotland, her research focuses on war crimes, genocide, crimes against humanity Dr. Hazel Cameron One of the main objectives of and state complicity in political the GHRUP is to encourage violence. This year she will teach the emerging genocide scholars so they unit on the Rwandan Genocide, and may continue educating future speak about her vast experience working in the Great Lakes region of Africa.

GHRUP Program Director and Zoryan Chairman Professor Roger W. Smith describes the important framework of the course saying, comparative genocide studies can help us understand the conditions under which genocide and other acts of mass violence are likely to take place, help identify warning signs of the impending violence, and suggest ways in which genocide may be prevented.

This milestone GHRUP will run from August 1st to 12th, 2016 at the University of Toronto.

The Zoryan Institute and its Dr. Hazel Cameron generations of gross violations of subsidiary, the International Institute human rights and work towards their for Genocide and Human Rights prevention. It is therefore extremely Studies, is the first non-profit, rewarding to know that many GHRUP international center devoted to the graduates have gone on to become research and documentation of professors, instructors and teachers contemporary issues with a focus on in the field. Former GHRUP student Genocide, Human Rights, and Dr. Hazel Cameron will be returning Diaspora-homeland relations.

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On April 8, activists from across Canada gathered in front of the Embassy of Azerbaijan in Ottawa to participate in a peaceful protest organized by the Armenian Youth Federation (AYF) of Canada and the Armen Karo Student Association. More than 300 protesters assembled to voice their outrage and indignation over the recent violent attacks that were initiated by the Republic of Azerbaijan against the peaceful and democratic people of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic (NKR/Artsakh).

Overnight on April 1-2, Azerbaijan launched a full-blown attack on multiple positions of the NKR Line of Contact (LoC).

The Azerbaijani Army employed tanks, military helicopters, drones, and various caliber weapons in an assault that was aimed at the southern, southeastern, and northeastern fronts of the LoC. As a result, peaceful civilians, including women and children, were targeted and multiple casualties were reported.

In the wake of these unprovoked developments, the AYF and the Armen Karo Student Association mobilized their members and, together with the rest of the CanadianArmenian community, stood in unison to protest the continued and unlawful aggression of Azerbaijan, while showing their undivided support to the peaceful people of Artsakh.

Today, Armenians from the homeland and the diaspora are united to defend the Nagorno-Karabagh Republic s right to selfdetermination, said activist Shahe Papissian.

We may be a people geographically divided, but clearly, from the protests in Greece, France, Australia, United States, Armenia, and now here in Canada, we are a nation united, and we will not stand by as the Azerbaijani government tries to deal blows to diminish the future of NKR, added Papissian, in a speech delivered on behalf of the Armen Karo Student Association.

Despite the bilateral announcement of a ceasefire on April 5, protesters gathered in the capital city on April 8 to call on the Republic of Azerbaijan to immediately halt its continuous

aggression towards the Armenian population of the self-autonomous enclave and to refrain from making additional threats that further escalate the situation. While calling for full recognition of NKR s independence and for Azerbaijan to respect the republic s territorial integrity, and its right to self autonomy, protesters also demanded that Azerbaijan obey and follow the norms of international law and resort to peaceful negotiations in order to settle the conflict.

Time and time again, oppression, deception, corruption, and aggression have somehow remained the defining characteristics of the Azeri government. Since their independence in 1991, the peaceful and democratic people of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic have simply yearned to live a peaceful life that has always been dignified by consistent progression, democratic principles, and a cordial commitment to internationalism and international law, said Sevag Belian, a member of the AYF of Canada.

Furthermore, protesters urged the international community to condemn Azerbaijan s unprovoked aggression towards NKR, and ensure that the government in Baku is held accountable for its aggressive and intolerable behavior in the region. They stressed that if the international community fails to distinguish between perpetrators and victims, it will indirectly create incentives for further violations and reduce the chances of a peaceful resolution.

A historically undisputed Armenian land that has a history of more than 5,000 years, Nagorno-Karabakh was gifted to Azerbaijan in 1921 by Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin, as Hundreds of activists from across Canada gathered in front of the Embassy of Azerbaijan in an ill-conceived gesture to Turkey. Ottawa on April 8 to participate in a peaceful protest against Azerbaijan s aggression. (Photo: On Sept. 2, 1991, the people of Nagorno- AYF Canada) Karabakh declared independence from the recruited Islamic extremist mujahedeen from On multiple occasions, it has carried out Soviet Union and established the NagornoAfghanistan and Chechnya to join the unsanctioned attacks against NKR. The attacks Karabakh Republic. On Dec. 10, 1991, Karabagh held an independence referendum Azerbaijani army against Christian Armenians. that took place earlier this week, however, Despite the Moscow-brokered ceasefire in which 99 percent voted for independence. were unprecedented in their scale, duration, In response, Azerbaijan launched an all-out in 1994, Azerbaijan has steadily violated the war against NKR that targeted civilians and terms and conditions of the bilateral agreement. and volume of civilian casualties.

A Day in Talish

Witnessing Devastation, Loss, and Resolve in NKR Village

Devastation caused by the Azeri forces as they attacked Talish, a northern city in Nagorno Karabakh, April 1st.

Azerbaijani bombardment of the village of Talish in Nagorno-Karabakh scored a direct hit on this home. The family escaped unharmed before the shell struck. (Photo: EurasiaNet)

By Ani Avetyan

it is for their sake that I have relocated my family. Now, we are waiting for the Armenian Army and the volunteers to respond to the Turks, so that the next time they eye our village, they ll fear the consequences of repeating their past act, one villager told the Armenian Weekly.

On April 2, Azerbaijani forces committed a war crime when they killed and mutilated three members of the Khalapyan family.

The homes and building structures were damaged as a result of shelling, but they have not been abandoned. The men of Talish have taken up arms and have joined the NKR Defense Army with some guarding their own

Stepanakert, NKR (A.W.) Azerbaijan continues to break the ceasefire agreement in the direction of the village of Talish, which is located in the northeastern part of the NagornoKarabakh Republic (NKR/Artsakh); the Armenian side has reported casualties.

Although the Armenian and Azerbaijani armed forces agreed to halt military operations on April 5, the Azerbaijani Army has continued to target Armenian military positions and civilian settlements.

In the village of Talish, north of Martakert,

journalists and photographers reporting for several media outlets heard the rumbles of weapons on April 6. The journalists were in Talish documenting the aftermath of the visit paid by the Azerbaijani forces a military incursion that left behind great devastation.

When the journalists arrived, village residents had taken refuge in nearby dwellings, and some taking advantage of a relatively calm period of time were gathering essential supplies to take back to their families.

I was born in this village, and I will die here too if need be. But I will not leave this place to the Turks. I have small children, and

village. Earlier, official sources relayed this news and on April 6, reporters visiting the village provided verification; the journalists were previously documenting the situation on the southeastern front of the NKR-Azerbaijan Line of Contact (LoC). They also saw the remains of a rocket fired from a Smerch 9k58 multiple rocket launcher.

On the evening of April 6, upon returning to Stepanakert, the journalists were informed that the Armenian side stationed near Talish had lost a soldier: Armen Gasparyan born in 1974 was killed by artillery fire. And then they remembered the rumbles they had heard around noon that day

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Armenia Plans New Defense Pact With Karabakh (RFE/RL)- Armenia will bolster NagornoKarabakh s security through a defense treaty that will be signed with the Armenian-populated territory, President Serzh Sarkisian said recently, responding what he called unprecedented Azerbaijani truce violations.

Sarkisian held an emergency meeting of his National Security Council just hours after the outbreak of worst fighting in and around Karabakh in over two decades.

'3f '3fIn opening remarks at the meeting publicized by his office, Sarkisian praised the Armenian military s response to an Azerbaijani offensive that left at least 31 soldiers and civilians on both sides dead.

Thanks to its timely and professional actions, the Nagorno-Karabakh Defense Army not only kept the situation under control but also inflicted considerable losses on the enemy, he said. He cautioned, though, that hostilities are continuing along the line of contact around Karabakh, saying that it is still not clear what they will lead to.

Armenia s Armed Forces are acting in accordance with a previously drawn up plan, and I think that some ministries should switch to a special, enhanced regime without fuss or tension, the Armenian leader went on.

Measures have been taken to ensure the safety of the population of border regions. I

think those measures are sufficient.

Nevertheless, Sarkisian said, Yerevan should now take one step forward and negotiate with Karabakh s ethnic Armenian leadership a treaty on mutual military assistance. The Republic of Armenia will fully fulfill its obligation to ensure the security of Nagorno-Karbaakh s population, and we already have a legal right to do so because we were a party to the ceasefire agreement signed in 1994, he said.

The president stopped short of pledging to formally recognize Karabakh as an independent republic. A deputy chairman of his ruling Republican Party of Armenia (HHK), Armen Ashotian, made clear that such a move is still premature.

'3f '3fAshotian sought to stress the significance of the document announced Sarkisian, saying that it will formally commit Armenia and Karabakh to creating a single military area. The treaty will allow Armenia to more actively intervene in the defense ofNagorno-Karabakh s people assist the Karabakh army, he told RFE/RL s Armenian service (Azatutyun.am).

In a rare display of unity, Armenia s main opposition parties shared official Yerevan s assessment of the latest escalation in Karabakh and its military actions taken in response.

Presidents Serzh Sarkisian and Bako Sahagian visit frontlines in Karabakh.

One of them, the Armenian National Congress (HAK), said that the country s main political and civic groups will unite in the face of any kind of foreign aggression. The relevant circles in Azerbaijan can rest assured that no internal political problem will mean a division or split among the Armenian people and base

its aggressive calculations on that, the HAK said in a statement.

The Prosperous Armenia Party (BHK), the second largest in parliament, said it stands ready to invest its full potential in the inviolability of the borders of the two Armenian states.

Armenia Complains To Russia Over Arms Sales To Azerbaijan (RFE/RL)- In a stern rebuke to Moscow, President Serzh Sarkisian told Russia s visiting Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev late on April 7 that Azerbaijan used Russian weapons purchased in recent years during heavy fighting in Nagorno-Karabakh that broke out a week ago.

The two men discussed the unprecedent­ ed escalation and Russian efforts to defuse tensions in the Karabakh conflict zone when they met in Yerevan.

Dmitry Anatolievich, I m sure you know that the fact that the Azerbaijanis used in full weapons that they acquired in Russia recently has had a lot of resonance in Armenia, Sarkisian said in his opening remarks at the meeting. This is natural because the people of Armenia consider Russia to be our closest ally and friend.

Prime Minister Hovik Abrahamian likewise told Medvedev earlier on Thursday that the Azerbaijani army used Russian-made T-90 tanks, TOS-1A flamethrowers and devastating Smerch rocket systems during the fighting.

Baku bought these and other weapons as part

of defense contracts with Moscow worth at least $4 billion. They were reportedly signed in 2009-2011, at a time when Medvedev served as Russia s president.

Armenian critics of these deals argue that unlike Azerbaijan, Armenia is allied to Russia politically and militarily. They say that the Russian arms sales to Armenia s arch-foe run counter to that alliance even considering the fact that Moscow has long been providing military assistance to Yerevan.

Medvedev did not react to Sarkisian s complaint at the start of the talks. It is not clear whether Sarkisian demanded a halt to further arms deliveries to Baku after the talks continued behind the closed doors.

According to the TASS news agency, one of Medvedev s deputies, Dmitry Rogozin, defended the Russian-Azerbaijani arms deals when he spoke to reporters in Baku on Friday.

He hinted that Moscow intends to complete arms deliveries envisaged by them.

Sarkisian also told Medvedev that Yerevan expects from Moscow targeted statements and concrete actions that would keep Baku

President Serzh Sarkisian meets with Russian Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev, Yerevan, 7 April 2016.

from again ratcheting up tensions in the conflict zone. He warned that another large-scale Azerbaijani attack on Karabakh would result in a full-blown war.

Medvedev proceeded to Baku. Meeting with the Russian premier, Azerbaijani President

Ilham Aliyev claimed that he had no intentions to start large-scale hostilities along the Karabakh line of contact. We simply defended our positions and peaceful lives of our citizens, Aliyev said.

Azerbaijan s Actions Amount to War Crimes, Says Defense Minister (ArmRadio) The military actions launched by Azerbaijan during recent days amount to war crimes, Armenia s Defense Minister Seyran Ohanian said during a cabinet meeting.

The military actions launched by Azerbaijan are unprecedented not only after the 1994 ceasefire, but also in comparison with the first Artsakh War because of several factors, said Ohanian. The actions were unprecedented first of all for the intensity of firing, the types of weapons and military equipment used, the number of troops involved and the great number of losses.

Saying that Azerbaijani casualties greatly exceeded those of Armenians, Ohanian highlighted the high combat readiness of the conflicting parties, and the fact of terrorists fighting on the Azerbaijani side at different sections of the line of contact and their aggressive actions.

Ohanian said, however, that Azerbaijan achieved nothing as a result and refuted Azerbaijani reports, which claim that Azeris had seized several Armenian territories.

Talish and Nor Seysulan villages are

under Karabakh control, stressed Ohanian, who said that the actions by Azerbaijanis, including torture, dismemberment and decapitation amounted to war crimes.

On that note, Armenia s Justice Minister Arpine Hovhannisyan told parliament Wednesday that the Armenian government was investigating the brutal violence carried out in recent days against Armenians.

From her perspective, there was ample evidence to present the matter at the International Criminal Court from the standpoint of international laws governing human rights.

She also explained the while Armenia has signed, but not ratified, the Rome Convention [on war crimes], there are mechanisms inherent in that convention that warrant discussion, visà-vis Azerbaijan s use of brutal force against the people of Karabakh.

The justice minister said that Azerbaijan s blatant and brutal attacks on the civilian population of Artsakh can be deemed violations of several conventions, including provisions of the Geneva Convention related to the Protection of Civilian Persons in time of war.

She stressed that both Armenia and Azerbaijan

The mother of Kyaram Sloyan, an Armenian soldier killed and decapitated by Azerbaijani troops in Nagorno-Karabakh, looks at his photogaphs, Artashavan, 10 April 2016.

were signatories to the said convention and that the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic had unilaterally decided to adopt its provisions within the workings of its mechanisms.

She also cited the Hague Convention, which aims to eliminate racial discrimination,

bringing as an example the brutal murder and dismemberment of an elderly couple in Talish in the Martakert district.

Hovhannisyan said that all necessary steps would be taken to ensure justice for these crimes.

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Armenians Should Do Everything Possible To Ensure This is the Last Azeri Attack

By Harut Sassounian The world woke up last Saturday morning to the drumbeats of war from a large-scale assault by Azerbaijan on tiny Artsakh (Karabakh).

This was not a surprise attack! For many years, Azerbaijan s President Ilham Aliyev has had the nasty habit of launching military attacks on the Republics of Armenia and Artsakh whenever international peace talks or Summit Meetings were being held.

Even a casual observer of this longrunning conflict could have guessed that Azerbaijan would launch yet another attack during last weekend s Nuclear Security Summit hosted by Pres. Obama and attended by 50 heads of state, including Presidents of Armenia, Azerbaijan and Turkey. Some observers were surprised by the large scale of the Azeri attack which involved tanks, helicopters, missiles, and drones. In fact, the scope of the assault should not have come as a surprise, given Azerbaijan s technological escalation of aggression in recent years. Aliyev s sinister practice of timing military attacks with peace talks or international conferences reflects his intensive efforts to keep the Artsakh conflict as a burning issue at all cost.

Certainly, Pres. Aliyev is increasingly frustrated by his inability to intimidate Armenians into giving up the territory of Artsakh despite Azerbaijan s purchase of multi-billion dollars of modern weaponry. Aliyev is also distressed by his failure to use his country s vast oil and gas resources as an inducement to pressure world leaders into supporting

Azerbaijan in the Artsakh conflict. As a result, the Baku dictator has wasted huge amounts of his country s wealth to bribe foreign officials and purchase expensive but ineffective weapons.

Furthermore, as Azerbaijan s father and son Presidential Dynasty, the Aliyevs have persistently threatened to attack and liberate the occupied territories of Karabakh for over 20 years. Since they have cried wolf for far too long, very few Azeris take their president s bravado talk too seriously. Consequently, Aliyev has been desperate to take any and all measures, no matter how reckless, to save face at home and abroad!

It is important to understand the timing and motive of Aliyev s aggressive behavior so that other countries are not blamed for instigating these attacks which would only serve to shift attention from the only guilty party Azerbaijan! However, there are other countries that have a share of the blame: First among these is Erdogan s Turkey for its direct participation and support of Azerbaijan s military misadventures. The Minsk Group of mediators (France, Russia, and United States) are also guilty for remaining silent during previous Azeri aggressions and blaming both sides each time Azerbaijan attacked Armenia or Artsakh. The international community s shameful silence and doubletalk routinely equated the victimizer with the victim, thereby emboldening the warmongering Aliyev!

One particularly horrifying episode during this latest attack validated the concern of all those who have been warning for years about the risk of genocide threatening Artsakh s

In this image made from a video released on April 3, a Grad missile is fired by Azerbaijani forces in the village of Gapanli, Azerbaijan [AP]

Armenians. Over the weekend, when Azeri soldiers temporarily took over the Talish village, just inside Artsakh s border, they not only executed an elderly Armenian couple, but barbarically cut off their ears as souvenirs!

Such savagery, at a minimum, is a war crime under international law! Just imagine what these brutal Azeri soldiers would have done if they had overrun the entire population of Artsakh. It would have been a bloodbath of immense proportion a second Armenian Genocide!

Three firm conclusions should be drawn from the latest massive Azeri aggression: 1. Artsakh Armenians can never go back to live under the despotic rule of Azerbaijan,

no matter how many times Aliyev threatens or attacks.

2. Armenians should not just repel the Azeri forces, but inflict such massive destruction that Aliyev would never again think of another attack. Already, thousands of volunteers from all over Armenia have rushed to Artsakh s defense. Azerbaijan is aware that its multibillion dollar oil fields and pipelines are in easy reach of Armenia s long-range missiles!

3. It is time to declare Artsakh an inseparable part of the Republic of Armenia.

On April 4, Pres. Sargsyan told foreign ambassadors in Yerevan that if the hostilities continued and escalated, Armenia would recognize Karabakh s independence.

Why Did Ilham Aliev Stop the War?

By Vicken Cheterian In the early hours of April 2 a sudden war erupted in the Caucasus. All-along the heavily fortified Karabakh war-front, where Armenian fighters defend their highlands, while Azerbaijani soldiers are posted in the dry lowlands, heavy artillery fire pounded the defences of the opposite side. Next, elite troops attacked enemy lines, supported by tanks and helicopters. One would have thought that two brigades of the same Soviet army were fighting each other if it was not for the Israeli-made drones used by Azerbaijan.

Under the fog of war and nationalist enthusiasm, information flows largely mixed with propaganda, it is necessary to scrutinize the facts to understand who started the war?

Why did it stop after five days? And what are the long-term consequences of this short but intense war?

The fact that in the first 24 hours the Azerbaijani side advanced in eight different positions on the frontline, including the overrunning the village of Talish in the northeastern corner, clearly shows that this war was initiated by Baku. The scale of the attack, the usage of combined arms infantry, artillery and air force testifies that the attack was carefully planned.

Why this war? In case the timing of the

war was a surprise both Azerbaijani and Armenian presidents were in the US for Nuclear Security Summit yet it was largely expected. Ilham Aliev inherited the presidency of Azerbaijan from his father in 2003, but he radically shifted policies towards Karabakh.

His father Heidar Aliev had spent the last few years of his life negotiating with his Armenian counterpart to find a peaceful solution based on recognizing the self-determination of Karabakh Armenians, in return for the occupied Azerbaijani provinces, and had indeed come very close to signing an agreement in 2001.

But Ilham Aliev overthrew past diplomatic initiatives and hardened his position: he repeated that in case Armenians do not surrender Karabakh Azerbaijan would take it by war.

Ilham Aliev was lucky; two years after he came to power the Baku-Ceyhan pipeline construction was completed. Oil flew to the west, and petrodollars into his pockets. Oil financed social stability in Azerbaijan, as well as high level of corruption as the most recent Panama Papers reveal. It also made Azerbaijan one of the major military spenders.

In 2003 Azerbaijani military budget was 175 million dollars; this was increased to 4.8 billion in 2015. The young Aliev promised to make his military spending more than twice the entire state budget of Armenia. As he bought more

and more weapons, his threatening discourse became louder and louder. While his father had promised the highest form of autonomy to Karabakh Armenians, the young Ilham started claiming that Armenia itself was ancient Azerbaijan.

Yet the business model of Azerbaijan is in crisis since a little while. Oil production started prematurely decreasing five years ago.

Worst, the international oil prices collapsed in 2014, falling from $110 a barrel in mid-2014 to just $33 in early April. The state income, heavily dependent on oil exports, was cut four to five times. This forced the central bank to liberalize the national currency (manat) exchange rate, which immediately lost a third of its value in December 2015. The economic difficulties caused much social unrest. Many observers expected a military escalation to divert attention of the public attention from the real internal problems. Yet the scale of the attack proves something else: Ilham Aliev intended to bring significant change by occupying land under Karabakh control to boost his legitimacy tarnished by the collapse of his oil-based economy.

Why did the war stop? In spite of billions spent on armament, modern weapons bought from Russia and Israel, the Azerbaijani army failed to bring change on the frontline, apart from advancing 200-300 meters over several places. Yet, no locality had been liberated

by Azeri army at the time of cease-fire. In case Azerbaijan had continued the attack, the consequences would have been heavy, as the increasing number of casualties would have caused political instability in Baku. Since 1991 three leaders of Azerbaijan lost their power as a result of military defeats, and Ilham Aliev risked the same.

International reaction: World leaders called for immediate stop to the war, with only one exception: Erdogan who declared that he supported Azerbaijan to the end . But Turkey has no real influence on this conflict. Russia is the key player here, and Moscow made balanced declarations. But the war also

revealed that Azerbaijani army has bought advanced Russian weapons, which made Yerevan ask the question: how could Armenia s military ally sell modern weapons to the enemy? What is the value of being a Russian ally anyway?

Diplomacy: The military escalation, and the brutal violence against elderly civilians mutilated by Azerbaijani army, poses the question: can we continue the past diplomatic initiatives by simply inviting two sides to talk to each other? The last fighting made it clear: One is fighting for territorial integrity , the other for self-determination . Azerbaijan is fighting to take land, while Armenian side is fighting to defend its people.

In spite of the unnecessary losses, there is one very positive side to this war: now Ilham Aliev is freed from any illusion that his army is able to take Karabakh in a short heroic war.

May be it is time to get serious.

(Agos)

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Nagorno-Karabakh: Who Won the Media War?

By Robin Forestier-Walker Azerbaijani and ethnic Armenian forces battled in early April not just over territory, but also for control of the international media narrative about their 28-year-long struggle over the breakaway region of Nagorno-Karabakh.

The Karabakh conflict has simmered and bubbled for the past 22 years, but generally has escaped the attention of mainstream international reporters. That all changed on April 2-5, with the worst outbreak of violence since a 1994 ceasefire.

The ability of journalists to cover the conflict, though, varied markedly.

Many foreign journalists were able to enter Karabakh via Armenia unhindered and quickly obtain accreditation upon arrival in the main city, Stepanakert. Local de facto officials held daily press briefings, including question and answer sessions, at a central hotel. Armenia s public television station offered free satellite link-ups and journalists were able to travel independently in civilian vehicles outside the frontline areas.

Each morning, de-facto Karabakhi defense and local officials offered reporters escorted trips to frontline villages, such as Talish or Martuni. It was like a menu in the restaurant, but with only one dish, quipped Gegham Vardanian, editor-in-chief of a media-monitoring site for the Yerevan-based Media Initiatives Center.

On the other side of the divide, journalists found it tougher going. Azerbaijan maintains a strict policy of controlling media access, especially to areas close to the frontlines. It also has a history of denying visas to journalists who previously have traveled without Baku s consent to Karabakh, or the seven surrounding territories held by Armenian and Karabakhi forces.

In an April 12 statement, Azerbaijan s Ministry of Foreign Affairs interpreted this policy of assisting foreign media as an Armenian attempt to deceive the international community and divert the focus from the political-legal liability they carry for the subversive and provocative actions of the Armenian armed forces.

Baku boasts considerable experience hosting international media spectaculars, including the 2012 Eurovision Song Contest and the 2015 European Games. Yet, a

Azerbaijani bombardment of the village of Talish in Nagorno-Karabakh scored a direct hit on this home. The family escaped unharmed before the shell struck. (Photo: EurasiaNet)

representative of one international media outlet who managed to cover the conflict from the Azerbaijani side found the government s press management skills during the Karabakh flareup to be lacking. Speaking to EurasiaNet.org on condition of anonymity, the journalist described a grueling, rapid-fire press tour that took journalists from Baku to the frontline as shambolic.

The international journalists there [in Karabakh] found themselves being filmed as much as doing the filming, the journalist said.

Azerbaijani TV crews were making a story about us.

Daylight was fading by the time cameramen stopped filming at the first location, he continued. And by the time we'd driven two or more hours to the next place, it was pitch black. Not great for TV cameras.

Some journalists who entered Azerbaijan were detained or deported. Security officials in Azerbaijan s Goranboy region held and questioned a television crew from Georgia s Rustavi2 for several hours because they did not have accreditation. After intervention by Georgian and Azerbaijani diplomats, the crew was able to continue reporting.

A group from Russia s LifeNews channel, an outlet with allegedly close ties to the Russian security services, was not so fortunate. The crew was expelled for lack of accreditation and allegedly spreading claims, also featured in

Armenian media, that Azerbaijan was using Islamic State terrorists against Armenian and Karabakhi forces.

Azerbaijani Foreign Ministry spokesperson Hikmet Hajiyev did not respond to a request for comment.

Karabakhi officials appear to have received outside help in managing scores of foreign and local journalists. Aside from the 1988-1994 war, the remote territory has limited experience with international media, and a local media scene (one TV station, one radio station, one newspaper, and a handful of websites) that is far from robust.

Aware of the obstacles, Samvel Farmanian, the English-speaking, former spokesperson for Armenian President Serzh Sargsyan, a Karabakh native, told EurasiaNet.org that he volunteered to help out. Although Armenia and Karabakh maintain close ties, Farmanian, now an MP for the president s Republican Party, claimed that no one ordered him to go.

It was a kind of self-nomination, he emailed.

Armenian celebrities also turned up to rally support. Actress Nazeni Hovhannisian (whom Azerbaijani media incorrectly identified as a female sniper ), theater singer Shushan Petrosian, and TV news satirists Narek Margaryan and Sergey Sargsyan were among those who made the six-hour trek from Yerevan.

Whether or not Azerbaijan made similar efforts could not be immediately determined. A march took place on April 6 in Baku.

While separatist Karabakh and Armenia may have been better positioned to feed the international media cycle, Azerbaijan was not without resources.

Michael Cecire, a regional specialist at Philadelphia s Foreign Policy Research Institute, points out that Azerbaijan has its own sophisticated, strategic communications operations in Washington, DC, and Brussels.

Over time, the Azerbaijani perspective of events has tended to have the edge in the oped pages of many of the higher visibility international outlets, he wrote in an email interview.

Three days after the April 5 ceasefire was announced, Azerbaijan agreed to pay its chief American PR consultants, the high-end, Washington, DC-based Podesta Group, an additional $70,000 for three months worth of public affairs services, according to papers filed with the US Department of Justice.

Since January, the Podesta Group has held a six-month-long, $300,000-plus-expenses lobbying contract with Azerbaijan.

Armenia does not have registered US lobbyists. Much of the push for its views on Karabakh comes via influential Diaspora organizations.

It remains to be seen whether the latest bout of fighting has raised international awareness about the unresolved Karabakh conflict. Until this month, Google searches in English for Karabakh were rare; nearly all of the searches came from Armenia and Azerbaijan, according to Google Trends.

Similarly, while the April fighting touched off the most active social media outpouring in the history of the 28-year-old Karabakh conflict, the impact was domestic rather than international, noted Katy Pearce, an assistant professor of communication at the University of Washington.

Although the [TV-celebrity] Kardashian family posting Pray for Armenia messages on social media may have increased some awareness, I doubt that it would have any lasting effect, she said.

Editor's note: Robin Forestier-Walker is a freelance journalist based in Tbilisi.

The risk of renewed hostilities over Nagorno-Karabakh

By Richard Giragosian After more than two decades of a fragile ceasefire, NagornoKarabakh has been largely viewed as a manageable yet unresolved conflict. Although its unresolved status was seen as a fundamental impediment to regional development, the diplomatic engagement of France, Russia and the United States in mediating talks between Azerbaijan and Armenia tended to downplay any risk of renewed hostilities.

Nevertheless, the diplomatic deadlock of the peace process and the bleak outlook for any real tangible progress have only compounded an unacceptable status quo for Azerbaijan. More dangerously, however, this status quo was also a major driver of Azerbaijani frustration and impatience. And that frustration reached a dangerous tipping point in recent weeks, as Azerbaijan resolved to change the situation by force, launching a coordinated offensive along the line of contact separating Karabakh from Azerbaijan.

The broader context of NagornoKarabakh

Against that backdrop, the launch of a serious military offensive

by Azerbaijan on 2 April is actually best understood as a culmination of three key factors in a broader trend of military escalation and diplomatic frustration.

First, Azerbaijan has led an arms race for several years through consistent increases in defense spending. This has fostered a significant military buildup by the Azerbaijani side that has included the procurement of more modern weapons systems. In turn, Armenia has been compelled to keep pace, albeit on a smaller scale, and has increased its own defense spending and arms procurement.

A second factor underlying this recent outbreak of hostilities was evident well before this offensive, defined by a pronounced escalation of clashes over the past two years.

That broader escalation, which included skirmishes and artillery exchanges along not only the Karabakh line of contact but also along the Azerbaijani-Armenian border itself, was matched by an intensification of clashes involving heavy weapons.

The third related element of this underlying context was the appeal of domestic dividends, and the necessity to distract from an economic crisis sparked by the global slump in oil prices and exacerbated by a sharp decline in value of the national currency, the manat. Within this context, the Azerbaijani leadership saw an opportunity to leveraging the conflict in an appeal to nationalists and distracting attention away from the worsening socio-economic situation.

Thus, the combination of each

of these three factors demonstrates that despite its unexpected scale and scope, Azerbaijan s recent military offensive is not necessarily a surprise. Moreover, the risk of war by accident has been notably present in recent years, defined more by the danger of miscalculation and threat misperception.

Significantly different from earlier clashes Despite that broader context, however, this latest round of fighting holds a new significance, for several reasons.

First, this particular offensive campaign was different by virtue of its intensity, as it was the most serious attack since the 1994 ceasefire and was based on a new Azerbaijani strategy. Unlike past attacks, this campaign was rooted in a much more ambitious, yet operationally limited new objective: to seize, secure and sustain control of territory. This a significant departure from the previous Azerbaijani strategy of simply attacking for the sake of pressure and posturing, but rather, cont. from page 32

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Leading Jewish scholar condemns Israel s sale of murderous weapons to Azerbaijan

By Harut Sassounian In last week s large-scale attack on Artsakh (Karabakh), the Azeri military killed and injured dozens of Armenian soldiers and civilians, using the sophisticated weapons purchased from Israel and Russia for billions of dollars.

The Armenian government and Armenians worldwide accused both Israel and Russia of responsibility for the innocent Armenian lives lost in the recent Azeri invasion.

Prof. Israel Charny, a righteous Jew and a staunch defender of human rights, could not remain silent knowing that his country Israel had a bloody role in the Armenian killings.

As Executive Director of the Institute on the Holocaust and Genocide in Jerusalem, Dr. Charny sent a scathing commentary to the Israeli newspaper, Haaretz, under the provocative title: Would Israel Sell a Used Drone to a Hitler? Here is what he wrote: If the Nazis were not at all murdering Jews but only were murdering say hated Slavs, Gypsies, and Jehovah s Witnesses; and if our beloved State of Israel were in existence; would you agree to our selling arms to the Nazis?

Israel is reported to have sold billions of dollars of arms including to governments that are killing or threatening to attack victim peoples. Last week, there came reports that an Israeli drone in the hands of Azerbaijan a huge arms customer of ours was responsible for the deaths of six Armenians in the Armenian enclave Nagorno Karabakh.

I am ashamed!

The Armenians were the victims of a major genocide 100 years ago that has even

been called the Armenian Shoah by some Israeli scholars, including from Bar Ilan University. A great deal of their national and cultural concern continues to focus passionately on the memory of that genocide (does that sound familiar to us Jews?). For many years now, we Israelis whether led by Labor or Likud have insulted and hurt the Armenian people by failing to recognize their genocide officially and formally. Would we ourselves tolerate another government say the U.S. or England failing to recognize the Holocaust because of their realpolitik interest with the perpetrator government?

One senior Armenian official has written several of us in Israel to express his deep pain as well as indignation now not only at our cowardly and self-serving denials of the Armenian Genocide, but also at our thick military trade alliance with Azerbaijan. I am reminded of the prophet Nathan crying out to King David for an earlier though more delectable murderous act of self-interest: It s bad enough that you killed him, are you also taking a profit from the sordid affair? The Azeris are a Turkic people who adhere to Turkey s bizarre and fascist tradition of rewriting history and denying the Armenian Genocide.

In general, how much do we Israelis want to strengthen our economy by lucrative arms sales? Of course, everyone in the world is doing it, but do we have to also? Have we given up the image/dream of Israel as a moral leader of peoples on this planet? Is this idea tiresome, naïve, and childlike in a madly destructive and self-destroying world?

An alternative concept could be that along with our building arms first and foremost for

Dr. Israel Charny

the defense of Israel, that we sell or contribute arms only to underdog peoples who are facing mass destruction, and/or to allies like the U.S., who are essentially committed to shared democratic values and peace. Of course, we will still be making some mistakes, but at least our conscience will be more clear that we have not delivered used arms to the Nazis.

To my Armenian colleagues and friends, I can only say that as a Jew and as an Israeli, I am mortified and angry.

Prof. Charny s harsh words are fully justified as both Israeli and Russian officials have shamefully pledged to continue shipping

more weapons to Azerbaijan!

Dr. Charny has never shied away from expressing his critical views on Israel s immoral policies on Armenian issues. In a scathing letter in 2001, he told Israel s Foreign Minister Shimon Peres: You have gone beyond a moral boundary that no Jew should allow himself to trespass . As a Jew and an Israeli, I am ashamed of the extent to which you have now entered into the range of actual denial of the Armenian Genocide, comparable to denials of the Holocaust.

Prof. Charny should be highly commended for his bold and righteous stand, taking to task the callous leaders of his own country!

Yair Auron: Israel must stop saying the Azeris were victims of genocide

Yair Auron

(Haaretz)-In an Israeli forest dedicated to Israel s first president, Chaim Weizmann, 613 trees were planted last month to mark 24 years since the Khojaly genocide in Azerbaijan.

The only ones commemorating this genocide in which 613 people were allegedly killed are Azeris, Turks and, in recent years, Israelis.

The Azeri press is overjoyed: It is not surprising that Israelis remember the victims of Khojaly.

The Jews know more than any other nation the pain of innocent victims, murdered only because they belonged to a certain group.

The battle for Khojaly took place in February 1992, at the height of a vicious war between Azerbaijani and Armenian forces during the Nagorno-Karabakh War. There are several versions regarding what happened, including a disputed numbers of victims. There are some who claim there was not even a massacre, but one thing is clear: No genocide took place there. I say this as a genocide researcher and as a person who

believes that the murder of even one person because of his affiliation is an intolerable crime.

At the start of the war, observers were convinced Azerbaijan would wipe out the Armenian enclave within days, but after six blood-soaked years, with both sides perpetrating massacres, the Armenians won.

The genocide at Khojaly is a cynical Azeri fabrication, evil and cruel. It is being fostered by Azerbaijan, which explicitly declares its intention of conquering Nagorno-Karabakh and destroying its villages.

In recent years, the State of Israel the main arms supplier to Azerbaijan has become a direct and indirect supporter of these genocide claims. President Reuven Rivlin spoke of the Khojaly tragedy in his January 2015 speech to the UN General Assembly on International Holocaust Remembrance Day, referring to acts of genocide that took place in our time. He didn t specifically define what happened in Nagorno-Karabakh as genocide, but he linked the two by talking about the killing in Khojaly.

Rivlin has previously stated publicly, including when he was Knesset speaker, that Israel should recognize the Armenian genocide (perpetrated by the Ottoman government, starting in 1915), but refuses to repeat this as president. His words at the United Nations were interpreted by both Azeris and Armenians as if he had used the term genocide in reference to Khojaly.

To me, the planting of trees in an Israeli forest and the Azeri-Jewish brotherhood of victims that was emphasized at the ceremony are a desecration of something sacred.

Describing Armenian soldiers as Nazis, the clear links made between the Holocaust and the massacres at Babi Yar, Lidice, Oradour and Khojaly are a terrible distortion of a basic historical truth.

How the wheel of history turns. In April 1918, Weizmann s personal secretary, Shmuel

Tolkowsky, published an article called The Armenian Question from a Zionist Standpoint.

The article presented the positions of the Zionist Movement at the time, especially that of its London leaders, Weizmann and Nahum Sokolow. It was written with Weizmann s support and approval.

We Zionists feel a deep and sincere sympathy for the fate of the Armenian people.

We do so as human beings, as Jews and Zionists. As Jews, we were exiled from our ancient land and experienced suffering for many centuries. We were turned, I dare say, into experts on martyrdom. Our humanitarian sensitivities were honed in an unparalleled fashion, to the point where the suffering of other nations, even those alien to us in their origin and distant in their location, cannot but shake our souls, giving rise to a fraternity between us and our suffering brethren, a deep fraternal link that could be termed a brotherhood of sorrow.

Among all those suffering around us, is there any nation whose history of martyrdom is more similar to ours?

Last year, after various Khojaly memorials and the words of our president at the UN, a very senior Armenian cabinet member invited me to his office. I speak to you not as a minister in the Armenian government but as one human being to another, as an Armenian to an Israeli Jew: how much more can you hurt us? he asked.

You don t recognize the 1915 genocide, you deny it, you sell arms to Azerbaijan whose only purpose is to obliterate the Republic of Karabakh and now you take part in events commemorating the genocide in Khojaly, topped by your president s words at the UN. We can t take it anymore.

The Dean of Yerevan University, where I teach, was once a student at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Earlier this year he said to me, Yair, you are desecrating all moral

values. You are defiling the memory of the Holocaust.

Mentioning Khojaly and the Holocaust under one title at a recent, so-called scientific conference is indeed a desecration of the Holocaust and its victims. This event was attended by Knesset members and parliamentarians from Azerbaijan. It was organized at the initiative of a group called Aziz, the Israel-Azerbaijan International Association. This is a group the attorney general has been asked to investigate.

The forest where the trees were planted belongs to the Jewish National Fund, an official state institution. Who approved this odious act? Israeli officials talk of our dear Azeri brothers.

They say: We, Israelis and Jews, sympathize with your feelings. Or Jerusalem, just like Khojaly, was under siege. And We express our solidarity with the families of the victims and the Azeri people, solidarity with basic human values.

Yes, Israel, we are indeed desecrating basic human values, and defiling the memory of the Holocaust and its victims. No one gave us the authority to do so!

The writer is a genocide researcher. This year he launched the Genocide Studies and Human Rights course at the American University of Armenia in Yerevan.

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VARIETY

Thanks Mom Just for Being You

By Talyn Terzian Gilmour

Being a mom is part of my identity, but although I carry that invisible mom pass in my wallet (right next to the Costco card, the Gap Cash and every other points card under the planet), I sometimes struggle with my club membership. Is that all I am? Is that the most important part of me being somebody's mom?

Does that membership card take precedence over my hard earned travel miles, gold card and driver s license?

True, I birthed two young boys, but sometimes it feels like the moment you become a mom, it becomes your whole identity The stakes are high when you re a mom.

So too are society s standards sometimes so high that they re virtually impossible to achieve. I must keep a clean house that is totally de rigueur , be able to produce gourmet meals, my children must have manners, like to eat sushi, get A+ on all subjects and must excel in at least three extracurricular activities, one of which must be elite or extraordinary , and all of these are my responsibility plus I have to look and act the part and in some instances hold down a full time job!

Well I m at a slight handicap here because I m struggling to define myself beyond my mom-borders . Being a mom is a raison d'être but certainly not my seule raison d'être, if you will. And I love it when the universe reminds me that my own definition of mom is allowed to be different.

I'm a wearer of many hats and among my many roles, my latest is that of construction project manager ME! This is one challenge that I've readily accepted particularly this past month when my home renovation project really kicked into high gear. I have ignored family, friends, my children and Mr. Niceguy while I ve poured over drawings and various engineering calculations, learned about air velocity and balancing, insulation and grading, and the list goes on. I ve appreciated (virtually) every stressful second of it.

Despite the fact that we are temporarily being housed by my gracious parents (thank you, thank you, thank you they are readers, after all and I could use all the brownie points to make up for my constant outbursts, fits of rage and bouts of tears) I am still the primary caregiver of my children. It s my job to make sure they eat their dinners, do their homework and not let their brains go to mush because they d prefer to spend the entire day holed up in my parents basement in front of the big screen playing video games.

I d like to report that while I ve assumed the role of project manager, my children s brains have officially liquefied.

I m not entirely certain what s making their guts move and I m quite certain that it will only be by the grace of the Almighty that they will pass grade 4 and graduate

kindergarten. Thank goodness Mr. Niceguy made a vow to love me for better or for worse For the past month, I put something other than being mom first. Go ahead and judge. But I won t be blamed. And I refuse to take it on because I ve already beat myself up about it enough, thank you very much, and I m done. I m a modern day renaissance woman and that means I m a renaissance mom too after all, my teacher is one too My primary role model in the world of motherhood has been my mother. She grew up in a household filled mostly with boys. Not willing to be left behind, she would run alongside them - and oftentimes, ahead of them. She displayed as much courage and bravery than any one of the others and while most girls her age would mind their chores and preserve their dresses, she was jumping from rooftop to rooftop along the buildings in Lebanon, sporting blue jeans and running off to the beach.

She is my non-traditional, traditional mom. And while she always makes sure that we are well clothed, fed and taken care of, she has a life of her own and I absolutely refuse to pigeon hole her into one role. Her life is a full adventure and I hope mine will be nearly as full as hers.

It follows that I believe motherhood has to be the greatest adventure of all.

There is no real, set, tried and true course despite the fact that I ve poured over dozens of popular baby books and scientific articles on child rearing. I could never have imagined the incredible joy that my children would bring before I became a mother at the same time, I would never have imagined the feelings of tremendous guilt, frustration, and exasperation over little things like an unfinished plate of dinner or settling a child down to do homework and especially getting them to finally go to bed so that I could enjoy a moment s peace after the never ending tidying, cooking, cleaning, monitoring and answering one hundred plus questions about the locations of any one of the following: Mom, did you see my video game controller / the iPad / my book / my pencil / the red bouncy ball with the blue stripe not the blue bouncy ball with the red stripe / my socks / my gym clothes / my special Pokemon card blah, blah, blah!

I appreciate my role and the blessings (and heartaches) that come with it so I won t feel guilty for the moments I yearn for the days of yore when dinner would be brought to me, when I could ask for my favourite dish, or when I take more than just a moment to pretend I m something other than a mom. No. This month, when you write your mother a card, or bring her flowers, or just sit and think about her, take a moment to think about who she is (or was) as a person and thank her for just being her.

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TORONTO ARMENIANS

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Conversations with an Immigrant

By Varak Babian Like any other Diasporan community, the group of Armenians who chose Toronto as their home have their own communal, though fiercely diverse, tales of an Immigrant Experience to tell. Many settled in the city as a result of the civil war in Lebanon in the 1980s, and an array of political crises in the Middle East that followed suit. At this point in time, those who pre-dated this large influx of numbers had already started to set the foundation stones for what we are continuing to build on today. Many of these young men and women had landed at Pearson Airport as early as the 1950s in a Toronto that was very different to what we have grown into today. They had to carve out their own unique identity in a struggle very different to the one we currently navigate. While many were driven by an urgency to recreate their own version of Saroyan s New Armenia , a few made a conscious decision to try their hand at an immersion into a new

VB- Shall we set the stage? You arrive in Toronto in 1967. It s the Summer of Love, the Leafs have won the Stanley Cup and you are one of the city s newest inhabitants. What were those early days like?

SC- Yeah I arrived in June, the country s 100th anniversary I have a feeling I must have jinxed them Yeah, the first year and a half I was like a tourist, I was having a lot of fun. You come with big plans, right? Especially since at the time, there was no war in Lebanon. The civil war hadn t started yet, so Lebanese society, it s very money conscious you know, very VB- Status driven?

SC- Yes, yes. If you didn t have money, you wouldn t be anybody. So then I read a lot you know. My mom was from Cyprus, she spoke English. I had an uncle who had a cleaner s shop, next to a hotel in Beirut, so the American tourists, they would sometimes leave their books at the hotel.

The hotel personnel didn t read English, so, they would give it to my uncle, who would give them to me. So, I had a pretty impressive collection of these pocket books, 500 mostly mysteries and stuff like that, but there were a few very good pieces of literature .When I came here, I knew quite a bit about North America.

VB- Anything about Toronto at all?

Did you have any expectations?

SC. No, not really particularly. Montreal was the centre of Canada at the time, but Toronto was, like, at the time seemed to me like a big village. On Sundays, the buses ran only in church service times, to get a bottle of whiskey, or something you had to fill out paperwork. It s incredible. You wouldn t believe it, wouldn t recognize it.

VB- One of Toronto s most wellknown and respected characteristic is its diversity. When you arrived, was it still very white and Anglophile or was it already turning into the multicultural haven it is today, or SC- Well, let me put it this way, I worked at Sick Kids Hospital, there were 2000 people employed there, yet it took me three months to meet somebody who was born in Toronto, ha-ha so there was a lot of immigrants, but now there seems to be an overwhelming number. At the time it seemed to be about 50/50 or less. But OK, here is the thing. Trudeau created this thing- a folklore or an aura, spotlight- on multiculturalism. There used to be no such thing- as a concept it simply didn t exist.

When you spoke about that, people got passionate and started to go back to their roots. So it was the 60s/70s and, you know, the hippies were doing the same thing,

Canadian identity. Some assimilated wholly into their new environment, yet others found their way back to the fold and played their part in driving the community forward.

We chose to sit down with one of the latter examples, and pick the brain of Mr. Souren Chekijian. Mr Chekijian arrived in Toronto with a wanderer s eye, ready to soak up a new North American experience. Today, he is the author of four Armenian novels about the DiasporanArmenian experience and former producer and director of Nor Hai Horizon Television. His contributions to the community are both innovative and have left lasting marks and while we could have spent countless hours discussing his experiences within the Armenian community of Toronto and how he has seen it grow throughout the years, we chose instead to focus strictly on the Canadian immigrant experience. We asked him about his very first impressions of the city, how his involvement changed as he grew increasingly comfortable in his surroundings and what he thinks of the changing face of his adopted home.

so that was part of the reason people started to naturally segregate more. I came into something very different here. In Beirut, we lived in self-imposed Armenian ghettos.

Armenians always stayed with Armenians, and growing up, living in Lebanon, I didn t need Arabic you know? The streets were filled with Armenians. Anyways, I felt really bad about it, because I was born there, you know and people talked to you and you can t even talk to them properly. As soon as you open your mouth, they ask, Are you Armenian? because of the accent, so, I decided when I came to Canada, I m not going to do the same thing here, make those same mistake here.

So, I came with a friend, we rented an apartment together, St. George, south of Dupont- very close to the old A.C.C. He was totally immersed with Armenian activities, and I was completely out. So, for about three years, I stayed out. I wanted to be Canadian, but Ha-ha, I couldn t, you know.

I had the accent, especially in my case because I wasn t born here, I was 24 when I came.

Souren Chekijian,who passed away recently in Toronto.

Photo by Rupen Janbazian.

Have they been here for generations?

SC- They ve been here longer than me there was a big upheaval in Egypt in the 50s, so a lot of Egyptian Armenians moved here during that time.

VB- So you were indulging in some very Canadian eating at Harvey s and Swiss Chalet, and you also had a uniquely Canadian experience, working at the CBC, correct?

SC- Yeah, 1973 to 76. By that time, I had gone to university. I started at Ryerson, went to U of T, then attended York for film studies. I had gotten my university fix and as soon as I got in at the CBC, I put school on pause. I wanted to be on the creative side, but they hired me as a cameraman, a technician. They called it the engineering department. Even though I tried, I couldn t cross the barrier. I had spoken to them several times, gone through several interviews, but my request was always politely turned down. I asked if I can take a course, do anything proactive, she said, you have an accent . I thought Geez, I m not applying to be an actor or something , so, VB- Even being born here, growing they seemed to believe I would never make up here I get that and it catches me off it on the creative side. guard. Where were you born? I always say, It s nothing exotic- Toronto, North VB- George Stroumboulopoulos, York General . It must be the influence Gurdeep Ahluwalia, Jian Ghomeshi of Armenian on my English, the tonality. these are the big names in our living Coupled with the dark eyebrows rooms every night. Could you have made SC- Yeah, why not and you are born the prediction that last names that ring here, you shouldn t have those problems. with obvious ethnic certainty would be In my case the clash of cultures was very so and in the spotlight? Did you notice strong. Because, well, I didn t come here a shift? as a refugee. You know refugees arrive, SC- At the time I was at CBC, there and the common thought is, no matter what was one Indian technician, one guy from it is, it s better than home . I wasn t running Quebec, and then me. The rest were all away from something, in my case, I wanted English Canadians. So, years after they to move to Canada to study, I wanted to go started hiring you know token ethnics , but to university. I had heard from people, not when I was there. Ghomeshi is a very especially in the States, people who left intelligent guy, very well read. He knows Beirut that you can cut grass and finance what he s talking about. I enjoy listening to yourself to go to university , which was not him. My early North American tutorial the case of course. They probably didn t sessions were via the Johnny Carson show. even go to university. So, when you have I used to watch it religiously, every night. I that mindset and then you come here, and was late to work every morning. I always you can barely make a living, pay the rent, got shit for it. I used to stay up until 1, and and everything else. We didn t have of course there was the Steve Allen show anything you need furniture; none of us that followed, very funny, so I ended up knew how to cook getting to bed at around 2. These people were a part of my life. When Stompin Tom VB- Before the days of trusty Pizza- Connors died, that weekend I was watching Pizza delivering comfort. all the old clips, Hockey Night in Canada I SC- Ha-ha. Yeah- my first dinner was get emotional when I hear those things. But at Harvey s, right by Varsity Stadium. There my friends were not the same; they didn t was a Swiss Chalet next to it, another place have the same connection. I felt that way we used to frequent a lot. There was only because I immersed myself in the Canadian one store that sold Middle Eastern Food: experience.

Ararat, on Avenue Road; they were Egyptian Armenian.

VB- Did you ever feel like Toronto, or even the Diaspora- was a stepping VB- Yeah that place is still around. stone? Something temporary, for the

time being? Did you feel like Armenia was the end goal, the place you would end up living?

SC- No, no. At the time, during the Soviet Era, the Soviets looked so powerful.

Nobody thought they would crumble Nobody. Everybody was surprised even the Americans who were trying to get that result were surprised. That s why I never thought I would live in Armenia, although I visited, and being there was important.

There s something funny about that, you go to Armenia and everything is fantastic. The first time I was there, I got there very late in the night. I drank a fair bit at the hotel bar, I was buying drinks for everybody and I was excited. It was a strange feeling. I felt at home and at the same time like a foreigner. It s an issue that will probably be resolved eventually, but not in my generation.

It s not to say that I didn t experience a pull, a connection. That first time, I went on a bunch of tours. We had a guide who took us to Ardashat, to a village. We spent time with a family there. They had lots of livestock, pigs, you name it. They lived very well at the time, so, we got to drinking. One of the farmers rushed in and exclaimed that they had discovered king Ardashes remains and asked us if we would like to see it. We said sure, of course, and we were on our way.

We piled into 3, 4 little cars and headed off.

We started driving off the road and into the mountains. Of course they couldn t find anything, maybe because there was nothing to find or because most of us were really drunk. So, the sky was overcast, heavy fog.

There was a patch in the fog, Ararat was very close, and it looked alive, powerful. I was standing on this hill with nothing around, not even a pebble, and I felt, this is mine .

Something chemical worked in me at that moment, which I didn t get in Sevan, or Keghart. It was a connection to pure land.

It was a curious experience.

VB- At this point, my generation has a few pop-culture reference points for Armenian-ness. The Principal Skinner from the Simpsons, or the reality mavens the Kardashians- however flawed they all may be. Did you feel that you had to be more of an ambassador for your culture without similar references?

SC- Yes, a lot more because they didn t know anything about us. So whatever you presented was what they would know.

VB- Any pressure?

SC. I didn t necessarily feel pressure.

I looked at it as being really fun. It was up to me to paint this picture. I could say whatever I wanted, and it would stick.

Cont. on page 32

زÚÆê 2016 IJ. î²ðÆ, ÂÆô 127

ARMENIAN GENOCIDE

#Neverforget: Why hackers aren t able to scare me into silence

By Mary Nersessian Sagharian Last year, ahead of the 100th anniversary of the Armenian Genocide, I harboured hope that things may change.

Maybe just maybe, we would see movement on the global landscape. After all, Germany's Parliament put forward a nonbinding motion to officially recognize the Armenian genocide after a century of rejecting it.

Then one day, mere hours after Germany introduced its motion, Austria did the same.

Years earlier, I wouldn t have thought that possible.

Perhaps, I thought, U.S. President Barack Obama would take notice and do the same.

Perhaps Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, under pressure from critics would bow and make some small concession. Small hopes. Naive hopes.

Of course, none of that happened.

It was around the same time, about a year ago, that I self-published a children's book based on my grandfather's story of survival.

My intent was to create a book with which I could find the language to explain the genocide to my young sons.

I printed a few copies of The Story of Brave Vartan for family members, sent the PDF to anyone who requested it free of charge.

I then posted the book on my personal website, a virtual space that I haphazardly update and that mainly serves as an incomplete record of some of my work and my food blog.

Mere days passed after I received my first alert in my inbox: Someone was trying to hack into my website.

I checked the IP address. It was based in Turkey. Perhaps, a coincidence, I thought.

It quickly became apparent, after I began receiving notices of dozens of hacking attempts, several every hour, that this was no coincidence. This went on for several days.

All of the hacking attempts were trying to get into my password. And all were based in Turkey - different locations, but same country.

Thanks to my husband's IT savvy, they were never able to take me down.

After several days of this, I eventually asked my husband to turn off the hacking alerts, because I found them too wearing.

I m telling this story openly now because I still find myself still explaining to peers, friends, relatives why I m still not over the Armenian Genocide.

Because even when I try to share my grandfather s story, based on his own handwritten memoirs, several decades after the genocide, several decades after his death, his story has been found too threatening. And someone, likely several people, systematically

tried to silence his voice. Again.

And this is why I m still talking about the devastating genocide, 101 years later. And I will continue to tell his story, one of millions of similar horrific stories.

Because there are still people who hate Armenians enough that they want to take down my website.

That write online: "The best Armenian is a dead Armenian.

There are still those who write letters to the media declaring that Armenians must be annihilated, emails that unfortunately come into my own inbox. Yes, in 2016. Words that have the power to stun me into silence momentarily.

I'm still talking about it because the effects are still palpable in our community, yes, 101 years later.

So for all those of times I have heard "this kind of thing has happened to all groups of people in those days (inaccurate.)" Or, Armenians were asking to be tortured, deported, raped and killed (patently false).

They provoked the Ottoman Empire (laughably ignorant). Or Armenians should let go (how can we?), I say: I will not be silenced. We will not be silenced. #NeverForget. * Mary Nersessian Sagharian is a journalist who works for CTV News.

The Story of Brave Vartan

Excerpts from the opening of The Story of Brave Vartan.

This is a true story about a brave young Armenian boy by the name of Vartan.

Vartan and his many brothers and sisters lived with their mother and father in Ottoman Armenia s Zeitoun, now modernday Turkey.

They lived a simple life in the mountains. They had some cows, some goats and enough provisions to make it through the winter without worrying about food.

That calm was shattered when Vartan was about 7 or 8 years old. War began, and it quickly became clear that his life would never be the same again.

The Armenians realized that their Turkish neighbours were not their friends and they wanted them to leave their homes even though Armenians had lived on the same land for thousands of years. Not just leave, in fact, but they wanted them wiped off the earth until there were no Armenians left.

When they heard the news that the Turks were coming, Vartan and his family made an important decision. It was time for them to pack up whatever belongings they could carry and head to a larger village in the darkness of the night. There, they would be safe.

But news came from friends that it would be a better idea to hide in some nearby caves. In the village, they might be a burden to the other Armenians who were already afraid.

And so they travelled to a cave and made themselves as comfortable as they possibly could. The next day, when daylight came, and Vartan s family members were chopping onions and walnuts to cook a meal, they suddenly heard a loud noise.

Vartan s older brother, Markar, went outside to see what happened and quickly came back.

His mother said, My son, Markar, what happened? He said, It s nothing, so they wouldn t be afraid. But he grabbed his gun from the wall and dashed back outside.

Vartan s mother, sister and his brother s wife also ran outside to see what happened. Vartan had recently been sick so he was feeling weak and cold and he wanted to stay by the fire. So he stayed inside.

Soon, though, he became impatient to know what was going on and went outside to find out.

First-Ever Online Playground for Armenian Children

During the Armenian Genocide Centennial, the Digital Pomegranate team decided to make a contribution and create something positive, using what the team knows best technology to promote and maintain Armenian culture, language, and heritage. Hence, PlayLand Armenia was born.

PlayLand Armenia is a virtual world for children, where they can play, learn, and interact with each other in an exciting digital playground.

Children aged 5-10 now have a unique experience exploring the Armenian world, both digitally and through printable workbooks. By playing educational games on the virtual playground, they can earn coins to decorate the house, send postcards, and much more.

There are more than 20 workbooks filled with everyday activities such as shopping lists, family trees, and story books for the entire family to get involved.

The learning materials can be accessed through a permanent membership by visiting: https://playlandarmenia.com/membership.

The printable workbooks, requested by parents during the development phase, can be acquired separately.

PlayLand Armenia has unique features, such as a secure built-in multi-language chat system that allows children to communicate with each other in their own language.

These features and a great design resulted in the award of Best Design and Best 2D Game at the 2015 Open Game Championship.

The game is available in desktop versions for Mac and Windows, in mobile versions on Google Play Store, Amazon App Store for Android tablets, and on Apple s App Store for iPads.

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زÚÆê 2016 IJ. î²ðÆ, ÂÆô 127

ART AND CULTURE

By Lola Koundakjian

31

Remembering Harry the Horse

Two years ago I lost my father, Harry L. Koundakjian. He lived a rewarding life with an exceptional career.

Born in Aleppo in 1930 to an Armenian Protestant family from Hasan Beyli, a mountainous region west of Gaziaintep, Turkey, Haroutioun was the eldest son. By the time he and my mother were married he had apprenticed in photography at Studio Hammad on Baron Street in Aleppo and at Vartan Derounian s as a darkroom assistant in Beirut.

Harry s first big story was when the French cruise linerChampollion sank off the coast of Beirut in 1952 and Derounian sent him out with a Leica. Afterwards, he got a lift back fromL Orient s news director, Emile Sioufi, who wanted to print his pictures of the sunken vessel and the survivors being pulled in to safety.

Harry established photojournalism in the Middle East while atL Orient and its Arabic sister publication Al-Jarida. His reputation grew and he freelanced for many agencies and international newspapers until the Associated Press hired him as a full timer in the 60s.

Harry exhibited his work throughout his career. One of his first photo exhibits was at the American University of Beirut as Harry L Orient Photographer. He had solo exhibits after his move to New York City, at Haigazian University and Aztag Daily in Beirut, at AGBU in Pasadena, Project SAVE in Watertown, Horizon in Montreal, and the City University s Graduate Center in New York City.

In the beginning of his career Harry tried various forms of photography: studio work, fashion events, even a circus gala at the Hotel Biarritz. While these are not as well known as his other work, I found contracts and requests in his papers after his death.

Harry shared with his family many stories about his travels. He often spoke of the gentle people he photographed during his travels. He loved the fauna, flora and architecture

Picture of Harry with William Saroyan, taken by 10 year old Lola, in 1972 at Haigazian College campus in Beirut, Lebanon.

of Yemen; many of his assignments included covering heads of state and politicians such as King Hussein of Jordan s weddings; the coronation of the Shah of Iran; Sadat at the Suez canal; Assad with Nixon and Kissinger; Pat Nixon s

Goodwill tour in West Africa; Secretary of State Cyrus Vance visiting the Middle East; Queen Elizabeth in Turkey; Barbara Walters interviewing Arafat, and, Qaddafi with Tito in Libya.

He also enjoyed taking pictures of artists such as Josephine Baker, Dizzie Gillespie and Louis Armstrong at the Baalbeck festival and Casino du Liban; Peter O Toole filming Lawrence of Arabia in 1962 in Jordan, and Muhammad Ali Clay training in Lebanon in 1974. Harry was also present as the only Armenian photojournalist when the Armenian flag was raised for the first time at the United Nations in 1991.

The job of the photojournalist is seldom about beautiful and powerful people. Harry covered a great deal of human suffering during wars, earthquakes in Iran and Turkey, and the 1970 cyclone in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh); the massacre of Israeli athletes at the 1972 Olympics in Munich and the 1977 Lufthansa hijacking in Dubai.

Assignments in far away places meant being away from family for long periods as travel in those days was never easy and seldom included direct flights; press passes and visas had to be procured first, film had to be developed sometimes in the wild, and sent via dispatch or slow dial up telephone connections to editors.

Harry s stories had layers and flavors that sunk deeper with each telling. He was a raconteur but not a writer; he left many drafts of his autobiography and a room full of pictures and negatives.

On November 19, 1970 AP staff photographer Arnold Zeitlin filed a portrait of Harry after the cyclone in East Pakistan surrounded by survivors, his face covered by a handkerchief because of the stench of decomposing humans and animals.

It is my favorite picture of my father on assignment as it shows what photojournalism is all about: immediacy and full engagement.

Uncovering Unknown Masterpieces of Armenia s First Great Mystic Poet

By Arthur Hagopian A thousand years ago, a monk in a distant monastery in the Western Armenian province of Reshdunik picked up a reed pen and began etching out what would later become known as the first great piece of Armenian mystic and liturgical poetry.

Krikor Naregatsi (Gregory of Nareg), who spent his entire life in the monastery, died at the relatively young age of 50, but what he left behind has outlived his time: As long as one Armenian heart beats

anywhere in this world, his inspired odes and lamentations will continue to find an echo there.

His writings, described by critics as literary masterpieces in both lyrical verse and narrative, have only been known in their original golden Grabar (Classical Armenian) to a select cadre of Armenian scholars, an oversight now boldly atoned for

by Dr. Abraham Terian, the eminent expert on Medieval Armenian literature.

Terian s groundbreaking and magnificent new book, The Festal Works of St. Gregory of Narek (461 pages, the Liturgical Press, Minnesota, 2016) is the first translation (embellished with 54 pages of introduction and an array of explanatory notes) in any language of the surviving corpus of Naregatsi s festal works. Terian s mellifluous English and his mastery of Grapar have made this onerous task a joy and a celebration.

Like other Jerusalem Armenians, Terian s first encounter with Naregatsi occurred at a tender young age, when at the graduation ceremony of primary students at the Armenian parish school he was handed a copy of a Naregatsi prayer book, the Aghotamatyan, as a parting gift. It was meant to be a guide and inspiration for the future.

The tradition continues to this day. I ve kept my own copy for half a century, and remember a line from one of Naregatsi s most poignant odes, his magnificat of God: The darkness of the night cannot eclipse the glory and grandeur of your dominion (my translation).

With his new book Terian, who has won plaudits from various parts of the world the latest his acceptance as a fellow academician (as an Orientalist ) by the Ambrosian Academy of Milan escorts us into a new dimension of spirituality.

His skill in penetrating what Harvard professor James Russell calls the extremely sophisticated content and difficult language of Nareg is particularly remarkable.

His work is more than a monument of meticulous scholarship, Russell said. The work is of such a high standard that it is unlikely to be equaled, much less superseded.

Naregatsi, a 10th-century Armenian poet, mystical philosopher, theologian, and saint of the Armenian Church, was born into a family of writers. He is considered Armenia s first great poet. In token of his unique achievements, Pope Francis declared him a Doctor of the Universal Church in February last year.

Saint Gregory knew how to express the sentiments of your people more than anyone, Pope Francis said in a statement addressed to the Armenian Church.

He gave voice to the cry, which became a prayer of a sinful and sorrowful humanity, oppressed by the anguish of its powerlessness, but illuminated by the splendor of God s love and open to the hope of his salvific intervention, which is capable of transforming all things.

Commenting on the Pope s momentous ecumenical move, Terian recalls that while Armenians were about to canonize their martyred saints of a hundred years ago, the papal declaration reminded them of one of their saints who died a thousand years ago. This should imply that identity and perpetuity for Armenians lies not only in the collective remembrance of their recent past, however tragic, but also in their centuries-old Christian heritage.

The significance of Terian s latest oeuvre, a timely token of that heritage, cannot be understated.

Were it not for his polished and inspired translation, the anthology of Naregatsi s unparalleled liturgical masterpieces would have otherwise been lost to us.

As UCLA Professor of Armenian

Studies S. Peter Cowe notes, Terian has placed us in his debt again by transmitting these pearls of medieval Armenian poetry from the preserve of a small group of experts into the public domain through his accurate idiomatic translation and helpful notes.

Theo Maarten van Lint, Calouste Gulbenkian Professor of Armenian Studies at Oxford University, for whom Terian s book is magnificent, groundbreaking goes so far as to describe Naregatsi s work as an act of Divine grace.

I go up to Jerusalem To t h a t c i t y b u i l t b y G o d To that beautifully built temple cries out Naregatsi in one of the odes translated by Terian, giving voice to a universal yearning for the ethereal.

More than any other geographical or metaphorical entity, Jerusalem remains forever the symbol of that longing.

For Terian, and all Armenians who grew up in the Old City, trod its cobblestoned alleys, and drank its waters, Jerusalem is more than a place in the heart.

It is where life begins, where humanity is born and rejuvenated, physically and spiritually.

(The Armenian Weekly)

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زÚÆê 2016 IJ. î²ðÆ, ÂÆô 127

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øáõÉáõ׳ ϳ٠ùáõÉáõÝ׳ (àõñý³ÛÇ µ³ñµ³éáí)

´³Õ³¹ñáõÃÇõÝÁ 0.5 ·³õ³Ã ÇõÕ 0.5 ·³õ³Ã ß³ù³ñ 1 ·³õ³Ã ϳà 2 ÿÛÇ ¹·³É ÃÃËÙáñ 0.5 ÿÛÇ ¹·³É Ù³ÑÉ¿å 0.5 ÿÛÇ ¹·³É ë»õ ·Ý¹ÇÏ 0.5 ÿÛÇ ¹·³É ÙßÏÁÝÏáÛ½ (nutmeg) 0.5 ÿÛÇ ¹·³É Ñ¿É 3 -3.5 ·³õ³Ã ³ÉÇõñ åïÕáõÝó ÙÁ ³Õ 1 ѳõÏÇà (íñ³Ý ùë»Éáõ ѳٳñ) ßáõßÙ³Û (íñ³Ý ó³Ý»Éáõ ѳٳñ) ä³ïñ³ëïáõÃÇõÝÁ ÂÃËÙáñÁ ÃÃáõ»óÝ»É ·³Õç ϳÃÇ Ù¿ç: ʳéÝ»É ÇõÕÝ áõ ß³ù³ñÁ, É»óÝ»É ÃÃËÙáñÁ, ³å³ ѳٻÙáõÝùÁ. ùÇã-ùÇã ³õ»ÉóÝ»É ³ÉÇõñÁ »õ ß³Õ»É, ÙÇÝã»õ áñ ëï³óáõÇ ÷³÷áõÏ, µ³Ûó Ó»éùÇÝ ãÏåãáÕ ËÙáñ: Ò·»É ѳݷãÇ 2 ųÙ: ä³ïñ³ëï»É 10 ëÙ. ïñ³Ù³·ÇÍáí ÝϳݳÏÝ»ñ, íñ³Ý ѳõÏÇà ùë»É, ó³Ý»É ßáõßÙ³Ý »õ ÃË»É ÙÇçÇÝ ç»ñÙ³ëïÇ׳Ýáí ÷áõéÇ Ù¿ç, ÙÇã»õ áëÏ»·áÛÝ ¹³éݳÉÁ:

VB- We have talked a bit about the Armenian experience, how about some nostalgia about our city? Any aesthetic shifts you have noticed, even fads that have come and gone. I am curious to know what the vibe of the city was at the time, in the 60s and 70s.

SC-. Toronto used to be very backwards, in terms of restaurants or service industry. Things changed a great deal when General de Gaulle came to Montreal and said Vive Le Quebec Libre! All the major companies escaped from Montreal and fled to Toronto and, of course, everything went up: businesses, head-quarters, restaurants.

Toronto changed a lot. It became more cosmopolitan, sophisticated. But it didn t grow into the shift, it wasn t organic like in other places.

VB- Was there a singular moment when you thought, I made the right move, Canada is home .

SC- I was lucky. In 69, I drove east, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia. You realize how big the country is when you drive through it the vastness of it, the untouched land. I remember an ironic moment. I was going through the Trans-Canada Highway.

Small highway, 2 lanes and we were passing a very small area, about 10 houses. One of the houses was on fire. I m talking totally engulfed in flames, burning. I was thinking, What do they do? There can t be a fire station anywhere close . But this is the same country where you can live side by side with millions in an area of Toronto, so much variety, so much difference within a hundred miles. Certain things become familiar, become tradition. When I hear the Hockey Night in Canada theme song I get emotional, or Foster Hewitt these people were in my life all the time.

VB-Hold on, so you re telling me you weren t a hockey fan in Beirut? I m surprised..

SC-Ha-ha I didn t even know there was such a thing. These people helped me,

the CBC, Bob Kerr, Peter Gwozski. I m lucky, I m sort of steeped in that- most Armenians aren t. You learn a lot about the country, problems in the Maritimes, issues in Alberta, it gives you more of a connection to a greater Canadian identity.

VB- We currently have a memorable mayor in office. Any favourite political figures?

SC- Trudeau. He had nerve, he would stand up to the Americans and they didn t like that. And of course he loved Canada and that passion was contagious. I liked Chretien too, his slyness made me smile.

VB-I d just like to end by asking, if there is an image, a memory that defines Toronto, or Canada for you.

SC- University Avenue. I was walking to work, through Queens Park, and I noticed the Premiere of Ontario, he was pulling into the parking lot. Just driving by himself. I was so impressed, because in Lebanon, there would be 5 motorcycles accompanying him, with obnoxious police wrangling the crowd. But there he was, so nice, so alone.

Back home politicians are hard to get at.

When I was taking a course at U of T, I saw a poster announcing that the defense minister was going to speak at the university; I decided to go check it out. It was in a lecture hall. There was a balcony, and they had set up a microphone in the lobby, so he could address the crowd. It was the 70s all kinds of activism, protesters. So the guy walked in and they wouldn t let him speak, not even two words. Constant booing, hissing. I was shocked. I thought if this was Beirut, those disruptive students would be getting beat with the butts of police guns and batons. I remember thinking there was such a difference. Politicians here seem like they would do anything for a vote. I m sure if you were to invite a hundred politicians to your kids 7th birthday party, more than a handful would make an appearance. Votes count here. Everyone counts.

(Ardziv, 30 July 2013)

The risk of renewed ... represents an important turning point in the context of military strategy.

It is also different in terms of Azerbaijan s military capabilities, which demonstrated an improved use of combined arms, consisting of the coordinated combination of supporting artillery, with improved target range and precision guidance, and an improved deployment of tanks, armored personnel carriers (APCs) and helicopters to support infantry assaults.

Nevertheless, the efficacy of the combined arms operation quickly decreased, however, and the Karabakh advantage of defensive fortifications and better use of topography and terrain negated the early advances from a blitzkrieg-style offensive operation. Hence, the nature of the Karabakh warfare, therefore, is more similar to World War I trench warfare, with territorial gains hard to seize and even harder to secure.

This recent improvement in Azerbaijani military capabilities, although insufficient to permanently alter the geography of the conflict, did demonstrate the capacity to attack and seriously threaten the Karabakh defensive perimeter and positions. This was also due to a change in tactics, with an increased operational tempo that consisted of an accelerated pace of offensive advancement that exceeded previous reconnaissance

Cont. from page 29

cont. on page

missions and probes of defensive positions.

This was also due to the expanded use of better-trained Azerbaijani units brought in from Baku and endowed with greater operational autonomy and authority than standard frontline conscript units.

Another factor was evident in the expanded battlespace, in terms of a new air war dimension to the theater of operations, with the deployment and use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or drones along the line of contact separating Karabakh forces from the Azerbaijani side. This endowed the Azerbaijani forces with a greater degree of situational awareness and real-time operational intelligence, but in some cases, also involved the use of Israeli-made kamikaze drones as offensive weapons.

Therefore, given the new Azerbaijani strategy, and its improved performance, the likelihood for yet another round of combat operations is high. And despite the cessation of combat operations, any lasting suspension of clashes over the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict remains dangerously precarious, especially as there is little leverage and even less deterrence to prevent a resumption of warfare. * Richard Giragosian is the Founding Director of the Regional Studies Center (RSC), an independent think tank in Yerevan, Armenia.

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زÚÆê 2016 IJ. î²ðÆ, ÂÆô 127