Torontohye #117 July 2015 by Torontohye/Թորոնթոհայ

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Volume 10, No. 9 (117), JULY 2015 Toronto Armenian Community Newspaper

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¶ñ»ó¿ù Ù»½Ç §ÂáñáÝÃáÑ³Û¦ Çñ ÁÝÃ»ñóáÕÝ»ñ¿Ý ³ÝÓÝ³Ï³Ý ·ñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñ, ÇÝãå¿ë Ý³»õ ËÙµ³·ñáõÃ»³Ý áõÕÕáõ³Í Ï³ñÍÇùÝ»ñ ÏÁ ëï³Ý³Û Ù»ù»Ý³·ñáõ³Í »õ áõÕÕáõ³Í Ñ»ï»õ»³É »É»ÏïñáÝÇù Ñ³ëó¿ÇÝª Email: torontohye@gmail.com

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ÚàôÈÆê 2015 Ä. î²ðÆ, ÂÆô 117

ARMENIANS IN CANADA 22 Armenian Pontiff Aram I meets with Prime Minister Stephen Harper ÚàôÈÆê 2015 Ä. î²ðÆ, ÂÆô 117

Aram I, Catholicos of the Armenian Church of the Catholicosate of Cilicia, met with Prime Minister Stephen Harper in Ottawa, on June 3. On the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the Armenian Genocide, the Pontiff expressed his gratitude to the Prime Minister on Canada s recognition of the Armenian Genocide, discussed his concerns regarding the conflict in Syria and the impact it has on the Christians and Armenians in the area since its eruption in 2011. His Holiness also informed Harper on the lawsuit the Catholicosate of Cilicia has filed in Turkey s Constitutional Court, requesting the return of the historical Catholicosate of Sis, which was forcefully taken by the Ottoman Turkish Empire, as were all Armenian churches and institutions. During this visit, His Holiness Aram I also decorated the Right Honourable Mr. Stephen Harper with the Prince of Cilicia medal, the highest insignia of the Catholicosate of Cilicia. Aram I was joined by the following delegation: Bishop Meghrig Parikian, Prelate of the Armenian Prelacy of Canada, Father Housig Mardirossian, Ecumenic Relations

Officer of the Catholicosate, Krikor Der Ghazarian, Chairperson of the Executive Council of the Armenian Prelacy of Canada, Dr. Girair Basmadjian, member of the Central Executive Council of the Catholicosate, Raffi Donabedian, Chairperson of the Armenian National Committee of Canada, and Hagop Der Khatchadourian, President of the Armenian National Committee International Council. About the Catholicosate of Cilicia: In Cilicia, the Catholicosate became the centre of Armenian life around which the religious, national, cultural, and educational activities were organized. After the Armenian Genocide of 1915, the Catholicosate contributed significantly to the formation and organization of the Armenian Diaspora. During World War I (1915-1918), one and a half million Armenians were massacred by the Ottoman-Turkish government. In 1921, when the French forces evacuated Cilicia, a second wave of massacres ordered by Kemalist Turkey took the lives of another three hundred thousand Armenians. The rest of the Armenians were forced to leave their centuries-

Catholicos Aram I and Prime Minister Stephen Harper in Ottawa, June 3.

old homeland and found refuge mostly in Syria and Lebanon. The Catholicosate in Sis, as well thousands of Armenian churches, monasteries, schools and cultural centres were robbed and ruined by the Turks.

Aram I decorates Minister Jason Kenney with Knight of Cilicia bestowing the Minister of Defense and Multiculturalism for his courage, dedication and continued support of the Armenian Community and the Armenian cause. Prior to his meeting with Minister Kenney, his Holiness was invited to a special luncheon on Parliament Hill as the guest of the Honourable Dr. Harold Albrecht, Member of Parliament for the Conservative Party and the Chair of the Canada-Armenia Parliamentary Friendship Group. His Holiness was joined by the following delegation, Bishop Meghrig Parikian, Prelate of the Armenian Prelacy of Canada, Most Reverend Father Housig Mardirossian, Ecumenic Relations Officer of the Catholicosate, Krikor Der Ghazarian, Chairperson of the Executive Council of the Armenian Prelacy of Canada, Dr. Girair Aram I meets minister Jason Kenney, June 3. Basmadjian, member of the Central Executive Catholicos Aram I met with Jason Kenney, mission to assess the political situation and Council of the Catholicosate, Raffi Minister of National Defense of Canada, on to discuss the problems of Christian Donabedian, Chairperson of the Armenian communities in the region. June 3, 2015. National Committee of Canada, and Hagop His Holiness Aram I decorated the His Holiness and minister Kenney Der Khatchadourian, President of the reflected on their meeting in Antelias, Lebanon Honourable Mr. Jason Kenney with Knight of Armenian National Committee International back in July 2014, during the Minister s special Cilicia, an insignia of the Catholicosate, Council.

Finance Minister Joe Oliver Visits Armenian Community Centre Join us

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Minister Joe Oliver (3rd from right) with Armenian community leaders at ACC, June 27.

On June 27, federal finance minister Joe Oliver, Conservative MP for EglintonLawrence, made his first visit to the Armenian Community Centre. The minister met community leaders and

was given a tour of the facility. After speaking on several topics, including the economy, the situation in Syria, and Genocide Awareness Month, the minister entertained questions from community members present at the meeting.

Catholicos Sahak II followed his flock in exile. After wandering in Cyprus, Syria and Lebanon, in 1930, He established the Catholicosate in Antelias, Lebanon.

Consumers Road Area Under City Planning Review On June 24, at the Radisson Hotel, City of Toronto planning staff, with City Councillors Shelley Carroll and Norm Kelly, held their first public meeting for an initiative called ConsumersNext. The planning exercise aims to shape the future of the Consumers Road Business Park, home to the Armenian Community Centre, Armenian Youth Centre, A.R.S. Armenian Private School, and St. Mary Armenian Apostolic Church. Aspects such as transportation, water infrastructure, and community services will be reviewed to ensure that the future needs of the area are met. What that future will look like will also be explored by looking at shaping the development of new residential buildings fronting on Sheppard and Victoria Park Avenues, the introduction of new parks, roads, and opportunities for business growth. Although the employment lands bounded by Sheppard Ave, Highway 401, Highway 404, and Victoria Park Ave are the focus, the area under review extends from Don Mills Rd to Warden Ave, Highway 401 to Finch Ave. These sections of Wards 33 and 40 happen to include the highest concentration of Armenian-Canadians in the Province of Ontario. Many members of the community were present at the meeting. The study is currently in its beginning stage where city planners are reaching out to the community to better understand the study area and establish a vision. A second meeting will take place in September 2015. Concepts will be developed from the feedback obtained at this stage and presented to the community in February 2016. Draft recommendations will be presented to the community at a fourth meeting in June 2016, with final recommendations being presented to City Council in August 2016. Attendees heard some themes from staff which included new high density residential buildings along Sheppard Ave and Victoria Park Ave, making the area friendlier to pedestrians and cyclists, repurposing vast areas of parking lots, and the introduction of "higher-order" transit along Sheppard Avenue. Many members of the Armenian community brought up the difficulty of morning and afternoon traffic at the intersection of Hallcrown Place and Consumers Road. Detailed information can be found at www.toronto.ca/ConsumersNext and the community is encouraged to send their feedback to sforrest@toronto.ca and anct@anctoronto.org

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TORONTO ARMENIANS

Chamber Concert Dedicated to Komitas By Araxie Altounian Toronto-Armenian music lovers were treated to an exceptional chamber concert dedicated to the art of Father Komitas on June 7 at the Holy Trinity Armenian Apostolic Church. Jointly organized by the Canadian Armenian Association for the Performing Arts (CAAPA) and the Armenian General Benevolent Union (AGBU), this concert was placed under the auspices of His Grace Bishop Abgar Hovakimian, Primate of Canadian Diocese, and featured Armenian musicians living in the Toronto Area. In attendance were special guests His Grace Bishop Datev Hagopian, Primate of the Armenian Church Diocese of Romania who was visiting Toronto, Very Rev. Fr. Yeghia Kiredjian, pastor of the Armenian Catholic Church of Toronto and parish priest Rev. Archpriest Fr. Zareh Zargarian. In her welcoming remarks, CAAPA president Mrs. Lena Ouzounian underscored Komitas role in saving Armenian traditional music on the eve of the physical destruction of his people during the Armenian Genocide, and his own tragic end as a result, and hence the relevance of a concert celebrating his genius and legacy during the centennial year of the Genocide, which happens to also mark the 80th anniversary of the great priestmusician s death. The program began with a bilingual powerpoint presentation by Dr. Araxie Altounian who gave an overview of Father Komitas life and the various aspects of his work as ethnomusicologist, musicologist, composer, educator and promoter of Armenian music. On this special occasion, the emphasis was placed on Komitas the fervent nationalist who lived in a time of great turmoil, and who dedicated his entire life, talent and resources to prove that Armenians have their own music and unique culture, hence their individuality and therefore the right to live and to be recognized as an independent people. Through his writings and concerts in various European and Middle Eastern countries, the talented and charismatic priest-musician

wanted to show to the world that Armenians were not simply begging for mercy, but were contributors to world culture. The musical program was carefully selected to reflect the various aspects of Komitas legacy. It began with a generous selection of the composer s most beloved tunes arranged for string quartet by Sergei Aslamazian: Shogher jan , Chinar es , Qele, qele , Hoy nazan , Erkingn ampel e , and Al aylughs . The string players were Gayane Bareghamyan (violin), Sona Kaltagian (violin), Elizabeth Morris (viola) and Gayane Sahakyan (cello). It is fitting to mention that all three Armenian string players who performed that night were graduates of the Komitas State Conservatory in Yerevan. Following the quartet, soprano Lynn Anoush Isnar sang five selections representing various categories of Komitas songs: Antuni (emigrant s song), Akh, Maral jan and Ervum em (love songs), Voh, inch kaghdzr ban (humorous song), and Dzayn tur ov tsovak (patriotic song, and an original composition), accompanied at the piano by Tina Garabedian. The second part of the concert opened with violinist Gayane Bareghamyan performing on viola this time Havun, havun by St. Gregory of Narek, the 10th century Armenian monk-poet-musician who was recently awarded the title of Universal Doctor by Pope Francis, thus confirming the universal value of the Armenian saint s oeuvre. This ancient spiritual melody created a mystic atmosphere, and evoked the music of our forefathers that Father Komitas strove diligently to preserve in his work. It was most appropriately followed by two selections from Komitas polyphonic Mass, Patarak , performed by the string quartet: Surb, surb (Sanctus), and Orhneal e Astvatz (Blessed Is the Lord). Indeed, Komitas believed that the hymns that he used for his Patarak dated at least 1000 years. Following the Patarak excerpts, the audience had an opportunity to hear the string players as soloists. Sona Kaltagian played Sergei Aslamazian s arrangement of Krunk with heartwarming intensity, accompanied at

the piano by Tina Garabedian. Next, cellist Gayane Sahakyan offered a moving rendition of Dle yaman accompanied on viola by Gayane Bareghamyan who tastefully improvised the Dam (drone) part. And finally, Gayane Bareghamyan performed with utmost subtelty Avet Gabrielian s arrangement of Tsirani Tsar on violin, accompanied at the piano by Tina Garabedian. All three soloists drew a warm applause from the audience for their masterful and expressive interpretations of these great favorites of the Armenian repertoire. Komitas aspired to train a generation of Armenian musicians who would continue his mission of collecting and documenting Armenian folk and spiritual music, and propagating it both among the Armenian and international public. Komitas, the educator, was celebrated during the concert through the works of two of his disciples, Barsegh Kanachian and Hampartsum Berberian. Soprano Lynn Isnar and pianist Tina Garabedian joined forces once again to offer Ganachian s Oror (Lullaby) and Alvarti yeraze (Alvart s Dream), and Berberian s Anor (To Him). Isnar sang these melodies very expressively with her rich, velvety voice and a clear diction, drawing a fervent applause from the audience.

Toronto to host biennial worldwide event AGBU FOCUS By: Lara Onayak Hundreds of Armenian guests worldwide will gather in Toronto for a weekend filled with cultural and social events. From July 23rd-26th, Toronto will be hosting AGBU FOCUS, a fourday event held every two years in different cities worldwide, including New York City, Miami and Paris in the past. The event debuted in 2001 in New York City, with its focus on promoting the culture of the host city and Armenian heritage through various activities for its guests, including traditional dishes, discussions, fundraising efforts and entertainment. Since then, the event has raised over $300,000 for various of its programs, including Hye Geen Pregnant Women s Centers and the AGBU Generation Next Mentorship Program, and has become a networking opportunity for young Armenian professionals aged 22-40 to connect globally. We re very excited about [FOCUS 2015], said Mihran Egavian, chair of AGBU FOCUS. We feel privileged to be hosting this one-of-a-kind global initiative [and] feel there is stronger sense of unity and cooperation amongst all Armenians, he said about the event coinciding with the

AGBU FOCUS Toronto participants in New York, 2013.

centennial of the Armenian Genocide. From hosting discussions to enjoying traditional dishes, the event has something in store for everyone. Thursday will consist of a panel discussion and networking event known as Perspectives , which will focus on key issues shaping the global Armenian community. We create different opportunities for all those young professionals to connect on so many different levels, said Egavian. The discussions will focus on bridging the gap between Armenia and the Diaspora, and how young professionals can build

the Armenian brand in the twenty-first century. FOCUS 2015 will introduce its first food crawl on Friday, known as Taste of Toronto. Guests can enjoy a variety of traditional dishes after a double-decker bus tour through the city s landmarks, including the CN Tower, Queens Park and Casa Loma, and local eateries in the St. Lawrence Market and the Distillery District. Taste of Toronto will be followed by Club Night at Maison Mercer in the evening. Saturday will focus on the arts known as Art at the Walnut Contemporary . Scout Toufankian, award-winning photojournalist, will be displaying her latest project

called the Armenian Diaspora Project , as well as her earlier works and experiences covering President Barack Obama s campaigns. A formal gala will be hosted in the evening at Andrew Richard Designs. The event will conclude with a brunch on Sunday. The event also focuses on various fundraising efforts and programs. One of them includes AGBU Education Innovation, which raises funds in order to create apps, e-books and online language courses in Armenian. AGBU also plans to expand a Tumo Center for Creative Technologies in Gyumri and Stepankert, in partnership with TUMOxAGBU, where students benefit from after-school activities. TUMOxAGBU is known for its hands-on experience with technology available to students aged 12-18. There is currently one center open in Yerevan. Egavian states that nearly 10,000 students have attended classes in the center in Yerevan, with 100 children requesting enrollment each week. We have no doubt that this very spirit will guide our discussions and help us find effective ways for preserving our heritage and promoting our identity, said Egavian.

To wrap up the concert, the string quartet returned with a few more selections of Aslamazian s arrangements of Komitas music: Habrban , Garun a , Kakavik and Vagharshapati par bringing the audience to their feet. In response to the long and intense ovation, the quartet played as an encore Komitas composition Hayrapetakan orhnerg , bringing this spiritually fulfilling evening to its culmination, and highlighting the ties of the illustrious priest-musician, himself a graduate of the Gevorgian seminary, with the Mother Church of Echmiadzin. In his closing remarks, His Grace Bishop Hovakimian warmly congratulated the performers and organizers for this excellent concert, observing that it had served as a most befitting conclusion to the feast of Echmiadzin that was celebrated that day. Faithful to their mission to promote Armenian culture and artists, both organizing bodies, the Armenian General Benevolent Union and the Canadian Armenian Association for the Performing Arts, deserve praise for offering this very special opportunity to local Armenian talent who, in their turn, definitely rose to the occasion offering those present a most memorable cultural and spiritual experience.

Visit ARS High School's new website www.arsarmenianschool.ca

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TORONTO ARMENIANS

Isabel Bayrakdarian receives Honourary Doctorate from Wilfrid Laurier University

Green Eggs and Ham By Talyn Terzian Gilmour One of my favourite people is moving on and another is hitting a major milestone - you could say they're both on the cusp of change which I m resisting... Seems like the start of summer has always been full of change: the end of the school year, the start of a new summer job, a trip somewhere exotic and of course, the promise of a summer fling! These changes were always easy to accept. But as we age, it seems we move farther and farther away from these fun changes and approach different kinds of change riskier change: do I risk a steady paycheck and quit my job to pursue my dream? Do I leave the man that ll make a perfect husband and son-in-law and follow my heart? Do I pick up and move across the world to chase my destiny? Another birthday comes, another candle is added onto the cake. Why is change so hard to accept? Is it the fear of the unknown? Does the law of physics have anything to do with it? (You know, an object in motion, stays in motion, and an object at rest stays at rest. However in this case, the status quo or the known is akin to the "rest.") Is it sheer laziness? Whatever their reasons, most people tend to resist change - and some with utter and abject vehemence. Like the other day, when I was rushing to get the kids to school - ok, truth is that with just several days to go to the end of school (at time of writing), I was late...waaaaay behind and I couldn t be as I d been chosen to be a parent chaperone on the 5-year-old s field trip! The bus would surely leave without us and then I d have to find a way to make it up to him like having to bribe him (again!!!) with this gift or that and I m seriously turning into the worst parent ever!!! Anyway, we raced out the door, toaster waffles hanging out of our mouths, into the car, en route to school only the intersection was blocked! So irritating! Didn't we all learn in driver training that you are NOT supposed to block intersections?!!! While a couple of cars made way, one remained steadfastly put, despite having ample room to move. Suppressing my inner, road-rage-prone monster, I lowered my window and asked kindly, "Pardon me, sir? Would you mind moving a little forward and letting me through, please?" He snapped, "I've gone as far as I can! I can t move any further!" Fortunately, he got dirty looks from all those around and moved up all the same, letting us through. Why was he so opposed? Why are we all so resistant when faced with the impetus for change? Is it because we ve just become comfortable with the status quo even if that status quo became the status quo only a moment ago? Confused? Think of it this way. Imagine having to get across a stream. To do so, you have to jump from one rock to the next until you make it across. Each rock represents change from one to the next. When you're preparing to jump you are most uncomfortable - most fearful of change - and as soon as you land, you are at once relieved and comfortable again. Change can be risky...you could land in the water and most situations in

life aren't so bad that you would actually fall in the water and drown. Most of us draw on ourselves to figure things out to swim to the next rock, if you will. So now, my one friend is reaching a major milestone and while I m happy that she ll now be in the same decade as me, she is also the last of our Fantastic Four to reach it. In a way, we have now all moved on to adulthood. If I think about it enough though, I no longer have to feel like she could still claim to be in her thirties when I couldn t so that s not such a bad thing, right? Pfft. But that s really not what s bothering me at all. I pretended like hitting that milestone was no big deal but now that I m in the decade and becoming ever more entrenched I m not only facing change but fearing it! My other friend is doing what I only dare to in my dreams. She is moving her family halfway around the world to realize a goal that she set for herself to rediscover and make a go of it in our homeland. To some, this seems crazy I admit it did to me at first too leaving the creature comforts of home, the routines, the stability and security for something completely different, new, and unknown. For me, all I can think of is the loss I d feel of leaving behind my friends, my family, MY LIFE!!! I do not like them, Sam I am. I do not like green eggs and ham. I do not like them here or there, I do not like them anywhere. Like the stodgy, unhappy character in the famous Dr. Seuss children s book who does not want to try something new like green eggs and ham, I admit it, I fear the unknown I fear change. In particular, I fear the kind of change that is thrust upon me like, You d be perfect for this new job c mon you d be a fool to turn it down! (despite the fact that you weren t looking and are enjoying being master of your own domain ) or I know you like roller coasters who cares if this one is higher than any you ve ridden before, you ve just gotta try it! (despite the fact that while you love adventure, perhaps you prefer the kind with both feet on the ground waaaaaaay on the ground.) But just like the Dr. Seuss character you ve got to try it, because you just might find that you like green eggs and ham! Interestingly enough, one of the key traits that all happy people exhibit, aside from living in the present and trusting that everything happens for a reason, is that they all embrace change. So join me, let s embrace change this summer! Life s too short to make up all sorts of rules for ourselves that keep us from realizing its full potential. Take a look around. What change have you been resisting? Why are you resisting it? What is the chance that you ll slip and not land on that next rock? Will it be the end of the world as you know it? I mean, really? Then DO IT! If I can ride the Behemoth roller coaster at a peak height of 230 feet, FIVE TIMES because I really started to enjoy it, who knows, then perhaps being fully immersed in this decade isn t so bad and my other friend? Well, she s just a plane ride and an email away

After receiving a Honourary Doctorate from Wilfried Laurier University, Isabel Bayrakdarian delivers a speech during the commencement ceremonies of the faculties of Education and Music on June 8.

Wo r l d - r e n o w n e d s o p r a n o I s a b e l Bayrakdarian received a Honourary Doctorate from Wilfried Laurier University, Waterloo, Canada, during the commencement ceremonies of the faculties of Education and Music on June 8. President and Vice-Chancellor of the university, Dr. Max Blouw, presented Isabel Bayrakdarian to the Chancellor Dr. Michael Lee-Chin for the degree of Doctor of Letters, honoris cause. Dr. Glen Carruthers, Dean of the Faculty of Music read the citation and finally the academic hood was invested upon Isabel by Ms. Gohar Ashoughian, the University

Librarian. After receiving her Doctorate degree, Dr. Isabel Bayrakdarian gave an inspiring speech to the new graduates. She said: Do good unto others, if you want goodness... in your life. Listen to your inner voice, it is so much wiser and kinder than your logical brain and it often whispers the right answers. Make sure that the decibel level of your ego is set low, or preferably muted, so you can always hear your inner voice and be guided by it...And finally, the word "no" should only come from others, never say no to yourself, nor be unkind to yourself."

"THE CALL FROM ARMENIA: Canada's response to the Armenian Genocide" to Come Out Soon "THE CALL FROM ARMENIA: Canada's response to the Armenian Genocide" by Aram Adjemian, published with a generous donation from the Pastermajian foundation, will be soon available to the public at large. On June 23rd, Senator Serge Joyal made a statement about the book in the Canadian Parliament, saying: "I would like to bring to the attention of honourable senators a new book recently launched to coincide with the centennial commemorations of the Armenian genocide, which details Canada's specific response to that genocide in 1915-16. The book is titled The Call from Armenia: Canada's Response to the Armenian Genocide, and it is written by Aram Adjemian, who is, as it happens, also a research assistant in my office. The book is illustrated with hundreds of archival documents, illustrations, photographs, advertisements, newspaper articles and editorial cartoons to enhance the reading experience. The book also presents new research regarding Canada's specific reaction to atrocities perpetrated

on the Armenian people by the Ottoman Empire from the late 19th century to the 1920s''.

25 Report: Armenian Genocide Centennial Events organized by the Armenian Genocide Centennial Committee of Ontario ARMENIAN GENOCIDE

Fellow Ontario Armenians, June 2015 marks the culmination of phase one of our Armenian Genocide Centennial functions in Ontario and start of the second phase of the planned events. The Armenian Genocide Centennial Committee trusts that the forthcoming events and projects will be as forceful and as successful, as long as we have the support and cooperation of every Armenian organization and the participation of all members of our community. We will try in this article to present an overall summary of all the functions that took place from January to May 2015 and give you a brief overview of the events planned for the rest of 2015. As a reminder, the Armenian Genocide Centennial Committee is composed of representatives from the core Armenian organizations; the four churches, the three traditional political parties, and the two main charitable organizations, A.R.S. and A.G.B.U. All other organizations were active participants in the many sub-committees which were the driving force behind our centennial functions. Although the planning of our centennial events across Canada started over a year ago, the kickoff of our commemorative functions in Ontario was in January 2015. 1. The first centennial event was the eighth annual commemoration of the assassination of Hrant Dink, which coincided with Charlie Hebdo Terrorist attacks in Paris. Both the Charlie Hebdo attacks and Hrant Dink s assassination were attacks on the freedom of press and freedom of speech and were closely related in that respect. The memorial function, this year dedicated to the two terrible events, was well planned and effectively presented. Ms. Fethiye Çetin, Hrant Dink's lawyer in Turkey was the key-note speaker. The standing room crowd at the function and the presence of CBC and CP24 were testament to the event s success. 2. The second Armenian Genocide commemorative function was educational in nature. It was a teachers workshop planned and organized by the Sara Corning Centre for Genocide Education. It was a workshop for those teachers who are engaged in the teaching of Genocide within the Public and Catholic School systems in Ontario. The event was a full-day instructional workshop which took place in February of 2015, and was well attended by 30 teachers from across the province. 3. On the evening of March 20, the colloquium entitled Conference on Genocide: Prevention to Justice took place at the University of Toronto, St. George campus, with over 400 in attendance. The conference was organized by the Armenian Genocide Centennial Committee of Canada, hosted by the Armenian Students Associations of the University of Toronto St. George and Scarborough campuses and sponsored by the Sara Corning Centre for Genocide Education, the Osgoode International Law Society, Hillel of Greater Toronto, STAND, the Assyrian Chaldean Syriac Student Union, the Sarah and Chaim Neuberger Holocaust Education Centre, the Armen Karo Student Association and the Armenian Youth Federation of Canada. The conference featured testimonies by descendants of genocide survivors as well as three guest lecturers: Dr. Fatma Göçek, Dr. Jermaine McCalpin and Dr. Henry Theriault. The lecturers utilized a comparative approach when discussing the topic of justice and reparation as it relates to the Armenian Genocide. It was a great achievement not only for the Armenian youth and student organizations but also for the Toronto-Armenian community at large. You can watch the video of the conference on our centennial committee website. 4. Armenian Genocide Memorial Faith Build was organized by the Social Services office of the Holy Trinity Armenian Church, in cooperation with Habitat for Humanity of the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) and the support

of the Armenian Genocide Centennial Committee. Under the title of "100 youth for 100 years" more than a 100 youth volunteered in two groups of 50 to build for Habitat for Humanity on March 28th and April 11th, 2015. They also raised more than $25,000 for this very important community cause. While our forefathers were driven out of their towns and homes from their Western Armenian native lands by the Ottoman Turkish authorities, the volunteers devoting their time and funds to build new homes for needy families thousands miles away, in Canada. 5. "The Unity March for Human Rights Awareness and Genocide Prevention", which took place on Sunday, April 19th, 2015, was the first in its kind in Toronto. The event was attended by 5000+ Torontonians including members of several other communities who were also subjected to Genocide during the 20th century. It took the centennial committee months of planning to organize this unprecedented event, including meetings with other community representatives, the police, and Legislative Assembly representatives for the successful execution of the political rally and peace march. The event started at 12:30pm with a reception at Queen s Park, which was attended by all the invited political representatives as well as representatives from the Armenian Organizations, the Ambassador of the Republic of Armenia, Mr. Armen Yeganian, Bishop Apkar Hovagimian and Bishop Meghrig Parikian. The reception was followed by a rally in front of the Legislative Building at 1:00 pm, with several community groups represented. Speakers at the rally included, the Minister of National Defense the Hon. Jason Kenny, the Hon. Kathleen Wynne, Premier of Ontario, representatives from the three major political parties both federally and provincially, the Mayor of Toronto, His Worship John Tory, and number of City Councillors; the Mayor of the City of Markham, His Worship Frank Scarpitti and a number of Markham Councillors. The speakers all confirmed the reality of the Armenian Genocide and stressed the importance of remembering the past and condemned the events currently taking place in the Middle East. There were about 30 elected officials who took part in the rally along with Counsel Generals and representative of many human rights and non-profit organizations. Following the rally, the 5000+ participating demonstrators walked south along University Ave. and east along Queen Street to the Metropolitan United Church for an unprecedented ecumenical church service, presided by His Eminence Thomas Cardinal Collins, Archbishop of the Roman Catholic Church of Toronto, with participating clergy from several sister churches. Many of the guests including the mayors participated in the walk to the church for this special commemorative service. 6. "Blood for Memory" blood donor clinic and health fair took place on Sunday, April 12th, 2015, at the Armenian Community Centre "The Hallcrown" hall. The event was organized by ACMAO, the Armenian Medical Association of Ontario, in participation with world-wide drive to collect 1.5 million units of blood in memory of the victims of the Armenian Genocide. The opening remarks were delivered by Dr. Ani Hasserjian, the chair of ACMAO, and Dr. Cyril Tahtajian. The Ambassador to the Republic of Armenia, Mr. Armen Yeganian and his two sons were the first donors of the blood drive. There were a total of 80 blood donors during this kick-off event. The blood drive, which is sponsored by the Canadian Blood Services, will continue until the end of 2015 to achieve its goal. The Canadian Blood Services has issued a special reference number which could be used by the members of our community to help the blood drive achieve its target. The media's presence was significant during this event as Global News and CBC were in attendance and reported on the event.

7. Book exhibits were organized as part of our cultural committee functions. The subcommittee was instrumental in getting the appropriate permissions to exhibit multilanguage books written on the Armenian Genocide. There were exhibits organized in three public venues; the Toronto Reference Library, located at Yonge and Davenport, the Fairview Mall Public Library in North York, and the University of Toronto Robarts Library at the St. George campus. The book exhibits ran for the entire month of April. The Robarts Library Exhibit titled "19152015, 100 Years of Life", which was curated by Hasmik Torossian, sponsored by the University of Toronto Libraries, the Corning Centre and supported by the Armenian Students' Association, was the most extensive with seven large exhibits covering the Armenian Genocide as well as Armenian history and culture. 8. Wednesday, April 22nd was a special day for all Toronto-Armenians, it was a day of commemoration for the 1.5 million victims of the Armenian Genocide, as well as survival of a Nation from the ashes of Genocide. This was proof that the Armenian Nation not only has survived the first Genocide of the 20th century, but has thrived in recreating its cultural heritage and music. The Toronto Symphony Orchestra dedicated this night's performance to music of Ararat. The symphony Orchestra conductor Peter Ounjian did a superb job by conducting the orchestra to Armenian music, and the music of Ararat, with guest participants of famous Armenian performers such as; soprano Isabelle Bayrakdarian, and pianist Serouj Kradjian, the world renowned violinist, Sergey Khachaderian, and other performers on Armenian instruments such as tar, duduk and kamancha. With the 2800 seat Roy Thompson Hall at full capacity, the performance was a huge success. There was a participatory budget for the Armenian community which was raised from members of the concert committee. 9. On April 23rd, 2015 there was a special church service at the St. Mary Armenian Apostolic church in Toronto, with participation of all the other churches. As the canonization service of the 1.5 million martyrs of the Armenian Genocide was being conducted at the Holy Etchmiadzin in Yerevan, Armenia, at the same time services were being carried out at all the Armenian churches all around the world marking the sainthood of the Genocide victims. This remarkable service attended by hundreds of Toronto-Armenians was concluded by tolling the church bell 100 times, marking this Centennial. 10. Ottawa demonstration and bill M-587 was an unprecedented function ever witnessed in the 45 year history of the Genocide demonstrations in Ottawa, both in terms of participants and achievement, on Friday, April 24th. Toronto and the southern Ontario Armenian communities participated with 40 buses leaving from Toronto and many families also chose to drive up to pay tribute to our martyrs of the Genocide. The 10,000 strong community gathering at the parliament building started at noon, with a thank you political rally, where all political party representatives asserted the reality of the Armenian Genocide of 1915, and the importance of memory to prevent future genocides. While the thank you rally was going on, there were discussions about the private Bill M-587 introduced by Brad Butt, MP for Mississauga, proposing to recognize April as Genocide Awareness, Prevention and Condemnation Month in Canada and April 24th as Armenian Genocide Memorial Day. The gathering then turned into a demonstration denouncing Genocide and demanding justice from the Turkish Government. The procession ended at the Turkish Embassy in Ottawa, where a program was presented by the Armenian Youth Federation and Armen Karo Student Association. 11. On Saturday April 25th, starting at

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11:00 am, there was a special function in Georgetown, Ontario. At the Cedarvale Community Centre, where the Georgetown Boys farmhouse was, where over 109 orphans of the Armenian Genocide were brought and housed by the efforts of the Ontario and Canadian governments, churches and Toronto organizations. This event was organized by the Armenian Saturday schools of Toronto and GTA to honour memory of the Armenian Genocide victims, now saints, and celebrate the life of the Genocide orphans who grew up on the farmlands of Georgetown. A special tree will be planted on the site this year with a dedication plaque. The Georgetown Boys farmhouse has the historic designation of both Halton Hills and the Government of Ontario. 12. Flash Mob and R-Mean concert: the two Armenian dance groups of Toronto; the Hamazkayin Erepuni dance ensemble and the Holy Trinity Church Sassoun dance ensemble , have been training hard to do this special Flash Mob in front of the Toronto City Hall, at Nathan Phillips Square, on Friday May 22nd, at 5:00 pm, with R- Mean performing as the guest singer. A good number of volunteer youth also participated during the performance, so did the hip-hop dancers led by Ms. Movsessian. There were couple of hundred spectators at the performance. The following night on Saturday, May 23rd, there was special concert by R-Mean for the Toronto youth. 13. On Saturday, May 23rd, at 10:30 AM, a special flag raising ceremony was organized by the Armenian National Committee of Toronto in cooperation with the Centennial Committee. There was a large group on hand for the blessing and raising the Armenian flag in front of the Markham Civic Centre. There was a number of city councillors and provincial and federal elected officials present at the ceremony. After the flag raising there was a short program at the City Hall rotunda, where the Deputy Mayor Jack Heath and other elected officials took part and congratulated Armenia on the occasion of establishing its first independent republic on May 28th, 1918. The celebration was concluded with a small reception. The above represents a short report on phase one of the Armenian Genocide Centennial events and projects. Our community members participated in these events with great numbers and enthusiasm, which made every project and event an unprecedented success for the GTA Armenian community. We have been relying on donations received from Toronto-Armenian community members to cover costs of these events. Although the response to our requests for donations has been respectable to date, the associated costs for some of these events/projects have been so overwhelming, that we require additional funding to meet our financial obligations. We will present to our community the detailed accounting of these activities and functions in due course. In the mean time we require your financial support for these and the upcoming planned events. The attached is a schedule of the planned Genocide centennial functions. We ask that you keep it as a future reference for the dates of the functions. You can donate for the centennial functions through one of the following methods: A. By completing the pledge form at the Armenian Community Centres and Churches. B. By donating online thru our website: //www.armeniangenocide.ca C. By completing a credit card payment Thank you for your involvement with the centennial events and functions. Sincerely, Greg K Chitilian, Chairman. The Armenian Genocide Centennial Committee (Ontario)

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ARMENIAN GENOCIDE

Brazil Senate Recognizes Armenian Genocide

(RFE/RL)- Brazil s upper house of parliament, the Federal Senate, has joined 23 countries around the world in officially recognizing the 1915 Armenian genocide in the Ottoman Empire. The Brazilian Senate described the slaughter of some 1.5 million Armenians as genocide in a motion of solidarity with the Armenian people that was approved by 55 of its 81 members on June 2nd. The resolution pays tribute to the victims and praises descendants of the genocide survivors who had taken refuge in Brazil for their economic, social and cultural contributions to Latin America s largest nation. Brazil is now home to more than 40,000 ethnic Armenians. The resolution was drafted by two senators representing the main opposition Brazilian Social Democratic Party (PSDB). One of them, Aloysio Nunes Ferreira, reportedly urged Turkey to stop denying that the World War One-era mass killings and deportations of Armenians constituted genocide. Armenia welcomed the resolution even before it was formally passed by the Brazilian senators. Foreign Minister Edward Nalbandian issued a special statement to that effect on May 29th. I can reaffirm that Armenia welcomes the decision made by the Brazilian Senate,

Nalbandian told reporters. The Turkish government did not react to the resolution as of the evening of June 3rd. It recalled Turkey s ambassadors to Austria and Luxembourg to Ankara for consultations recently after the parliaments of the two European states recognized the Armenian genocide with similar resolutions. The Turkish ambassador to the Vatican was likewise withdrawn in late April in protest against Pope Francis s description of the 1915 massacres as the first genocide of the 20th century. The 23 countries that have recognized the genocide also include Brazil s neighbors Argentina, Uruguay, Venezuela and Bolivia as well as another South American nation, Chile.

Turkish Envoy Recalled Over Armenian Genocide Recognition

Turkey has condemned Brazil s Senate for recognizing the 1915 Armenian genocide in the Ottoman Empire and recalled its ambassador to the Latin American country for consultations in protest. In a statement released on June 8, the Turkish Foreign Ministry described a corresponding resolution adopted by Brazil s upper house of parliament last week as an example of irresponsibility. Political decisions of this nature, taken

under the influence of the Armenian lobbies can neither change the historical facts nor the legal norms, said the statement. It said Turkish officials conveyed this message to the Brazilian ambassador to Turkey when he was summoned to the Foreign Ministry in Ankara on June 3. Turkish Ambassador in Brasilia, Mr. Huseyin Dirioz has also been recalled to Ankara for consultations, added the statement. The Turkish government reacted just as angrily to a spate of similar statements on the

subject that were made by Pope Francis, German President Joachim Gauck as well as the parliaments of Austria and Luxembourg shortly before and after the genocide centennial marked on April 24. Turkey s ambassadors to the Vatican, Austria and Luxembourg, were withdrawn as a result. Ankara also condemned the presidents of Russia and France for attending April 24 ceremonies in Yerevan and reaffirming their countries recognition of the Armenian genocide.

UK House of Lords holds debate on Armenian Genocide recognition

Baroness Caroline Cox

(Armradio) - On June 16 the UK House of Lords held a debate on the recognition of the Armenian Genocide. Her Majesty s Government recognizes the terrible suffering inflicted on the Armenian people and other groups living in the Ottoman

Empire in the early 20th century, James Stopford, the Earl of Courtown, said in response to a question by Baroness Caroline Cox on the Government plans to recognise the killings of Armenians, Greeks and Assyrians in 1915 as genocide. While remembering and honouring the victims of the past, we believe that the UK s priority should be to help the peoples and Governments of Turkey and Armenia to face their joint history together, he added. Baroness Cox reminded that over 20 states have recognised the genocide, including France, Canada, Poland, Chile and Austria, as well as the European Parliament and the Welsh Assembly, on the basis of irrefutable evidence of the systematic slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians, Greeks and Assyrians. Noting that His Holiness Pope Francis has emphasised the necessity of genocide recognition for healing, reconciliation and moving forward, she asked whether Her Majesty s Government would seriously consider reviewing their position. Her Majesty s Government are aware of

His Holiness the Pope s comments during the papal mass to commemorate the victims of 1915, which was held in Rome. We respect his view and agree that it is important to face the lessons of history with courage and do all that we can to prevent similar atrocities. Her Majesty s Government reviewed their position of recognition in 2013 and, at present, we have no plans to conduct another review, the Earl of Courtown said. Lord Lyndon Harrison noted, in turn, that it is true that it was genocide that was practised on the Armenians and other peoples in 1915. He emphasized the necessity of bringing together the Armenians and Turks in order to find reconciliation. In response to that, James Stopford said: We are trying to promote links between Turkey and Armenia in a number of ways. We have had a successful exchange of Turkish and Armenian Chevening alumni, who have visited each others countries for the first time. We have also targeted funding on projects such as CivilNet TV, which is a media source for Turkey-related news in Armenia.

In addition we have supported an initiative of our Armenian NGO to publish a book of personal stories from survivors about Turks who saved the lives of Armenians during the massacres and deportations of 1915, he said. Our priority should be to promote reconciliation between the peoples and Governments of Armenia and Turkey and to enable the two countries to face their joint history together, the Earl of Courtown said. In this context he said it s pleasing to see MPs of Armenian background in the Turkish Parliament. Speaking about the Karabakh conflict, James Stopford said the status quo is not sustainable. Twenty-one years have now passed since the ceasefire brought the active phase of the conflict to an end. For over 20 years the parties have not been able to reach a peace settlement. That has also meant over 20 years of continued hostility, hatred and suffering. The status quo is certainly not sustainable, he stated.

World Council of Churches adopts statement on Armenian Genocide (Armradio) - During the centenary year of the Armenian genocide by the Ottoman Empire, the executive committee of the World Council of Churches (WCC) is meeting in this country on 8-13 June 2015, hosted by the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin, to honour the martyrs and victims of the genocide. We visit the genocide memorial to remember them and to pray in the name of the risen Lord Jesus Christ. And we celebrate the life of the Armenian nation and the witness of the Armenian church. The executive committee recalls the Minute on the 100th Anniversary of the Armenian Genocide adopted by the WCC 10th Assembly in 2013 in Busan. This important action by the 10th Assembly followed many other occasions on which the WCC Commission of the Churches on International Affairs (CCIA) had called for recognition of the Armenian genocide by the United Nations (UN) and by member states, dating back to the 1979 session of the UN Human Rights Commission. The WCC has played a key role

over many years in accompanying the Armenian church in speaking out and working for recognition of the genocide, and for appropriate responses to the genocide s continuing impacts on the Armenian people. A minute adopted at the 6th Assembly of the WCC held in 1983 in Vancouver acknowledged that The silence of the world community and deliberate efforts to deny even historical facts have been consistent sources of anguish and growing despair to the Armenian people, the Armenian churches and many others. While some continue their efforts to deny or minimize these historical events, the executive committee is greatly encouraged by His Holiness Pope Francis public recognition on 12 April 2015 of the mass killing of an estimated 1.5 million Armenians as genocide. We stress that there is a duty on the international community to remember the victims of genocide, in order to heal these historical wounds and to guard against similar atrocities in the future. The WCC, with its many member

churches, has participated in several events marking the centenary, including the official commemoration of the 100th Anniversary of the Armenian Genocide and canonization of the martyrs in Yerevan, Armenia, on 21-25 April. The WCC and its member churches will continue to participate in the ongoing centennial commemorations this year by the Armenian diaspora, including with the Armenian Church Holy See of Cilicia in Antelias, Lebanon, on 18-19 July. The Executive Committee thanks the many member churches and ecumenical partners around the world that have observed or will observe this ongoing centenary in their own contexts, and that have spoken in recognition of the genocide and in commemoration of its victims. Through these commemorations, we acknowledge that these tragic events occurred, and that they must be named by their right name. The Armenian genocide was accompanied in the same historical and political context by genocidal acts against

other mostly Christian communities of Aramean, Chaldean, Syrian, Assyrian and Greek descent, which have blighted history at the beginning of the 20th century. Denial, impunity and the failure to remember such events encourage their repetition. Those who deny or attack the life and dignity of a sister or brother undermine and destroy the humanity of both the victim and themselves. These centennial commemorations should mark the passing of the time when governments remain reluctant to name what occurred one hundred years ago as genocide. We urge all governments to abandon this reluctance. In this centenary year, we call the international community, the WCC s member churches and all people of faith and good will to remembrance, and to re-commit to the prevention of genocide and all crimes against humanity.

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ARMENIAS IN TURKEY

3 Armenians Elected To Turkish Parliament (RFE/RL)- Three ethnic Armenian candidates representing different political parties, including the rulingAKP, have been elected to Turkey s parliament in which President Recep Tayyip Erdogan will no longer have a loyal majority. Erdogan s party is projected to control less than half of the 550 seats in the new Grand National Assembly elected on June 7. One of the AKP seats will be held by Markar Esayan, a Turkish-Armenian journalist with the pro-government newspaper Yeni Safak. The main opposition Republican People s Party (CHP), which came in second in the polls, also has an ethnic Armenian among its newly elected deputies: Selina Dogan. She is a lawyer based in Istanbul. The third Turkish-Armenian parliamentarian, Garo Paylan, will represent the pro-Kurdish People s Democratic Party (HDP), which is widely credited with ending 13 years of single-party rule in Turkey. According to preliminary vote results, it won some 80 parliament seats.

The HDP is the only mainstream Turkish party that has recognized the 1915 mass killings of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire as genocide. Its charismatic leader, Selahattin Demirtas, stands for an official Turkish recognition of the Armenian genocide. Demirtas has also acknowledged the Kurds complicity in the slaughter of some 1.5 million Armenians. During the election campaign, Erdogan repeatedly accused the HDP of enjoying secret support by the Armenian lobby. Both the AKP and the CHP stand by the official Turkish version of events, which says that Ottoman Armenians died in much smaller numbers and as a result of internal strife, rather thana premeditated government policy. Their ethnic Armenian deputies are unlikely to publicly question this stance. A handful of pro-establishment ethnic Armenians who had served in the Turkish parliament in the 1930-1960s also did not challenge the Turkish policy of genocide denial. Armenians were also represented in the

Selina Dogan, Markar Esayan and Garo Paylan

short-lived parliaments of the Ottoman Empire, including the legislatures formed after the 1908 Young Turk Revolution. Parliamentarians were among more than 200 Armenian intellectual and political leaders who were

rounded up by the Ottoman regime on April 24, 1915, the day marked by the Armenians as the official start of the genocide. Most of those leaders were subsequently executed.

Turkish-Armenian MP Vows To Fight Against Genocide Denial (RFE/RL)- One of the three ethnic Armenians elected to Turkey s new parliament has reportedly pledged to challenge Ankara s longstanding denial of the 1915 Armenian genocide in the Ottoman Empire. In an interview with the Ermenihaber.am news website published on June 10, Garo Paylan also suggested Turkish recognition of the genocide is critical for the normalization of Turkey s relations with Armenia. Paylan, 42, was won a parliament seat on the ticket of the pro-Kurdish People s Democratic Party (HDP) widely credited with the ruling AK Party s worse-thanexpected showing in the June 7 election. The HDP is the only major Turkish party to have described the World War One-era mass killings of Armenians as genocide. Paylan, who has previously run an Armenian school in Istanbul, said

he will fight against denialist policies both as an HDP deputy and in his personal capacity. The Armenian genocide happened here but it is often viewed in the context of Armenia-Turkey relations, he told the Turkish-language publication based in Yerevan. Armenia-Turkey relations form only a part but not the basis of this issue. It will be extremely difficult, Paylan went on, to normalize those relations until the Turkish society comes to terms with the country s bloody past. First and foremost, the crime of genocide must be acknowledged in Turkey, Armenian identity should be resolved and animosity towards Armenia should end, he said. Therefore, he said, Armenia and its worldwide Diaspora should focus on Turkey in their decades-long pursuit of greater international recognition of the genocide. I call

on all Armenian parties, including Dashnaktsutyun, to wage that struggle here, he said. Every Armenian coming to Turkey has an impact. The two other ethnic Armenian members of Turkey s newly elected parliament are Markar Esayan of the ruling AKP and Selina Dogan of the main opposition Republican People s Party (CHP). Paylan described Dogan as a close friend with whom he is ready to cooperate in the parliament. But he was far more skeptical about Esayan, a journalist with the progovernment newspaper Yeni Safak, citing the latter s staunch support for Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan s government. Paylan, who has also engaged in entrepreneurial activity in the past, described the 2007 assassination of Turkish-Armenian editor Hrant Dink as the catalyst for his civic and

St. Giragos Church in Diyarbakir wins Grand Prix at Europa Nostra Awards

(Armradio)- The Armenian Church of St. Giragos in Diyarbakir has won a Grand Prix of the European Union Prize for Cultural Heritage / Europa Nostra Awards. In a ceremony in Oslo, Norway, the winners of the European Union Prize for Cultural Heritage / Europa Nostra Awards were celebrated and the winners of the Grand Prix and P u b l i c C h o i c e Aw a r d w e r e announced for the first time.

The Public Choice Award was chosen by an open online poll and the Grand Prix winners were selected by specialist juries. Grand Prix laureates receive a 10,000 prize. 7 projects received the Grand Prix for outstanding efforts in the protection of cultural heritage: -Liszt Academy of Music in Budapest, Hungary -Salt Valley of Añana, Basque Country, Spain

-Armenian Church of St. Giragos in Diyarbakir, Turkey -Wonders of Venice: Virtual Online Treasures in St. Mark s Area, Italy -The Rundling Association, Jameln, Germany -Churches Conservation Trust, London, United Kingdom -Programme for Owners of Rural Buildings in Estonia, Tallinn, Estonia The European Heritage Awards Ceremony was hosted by Tibor Navracsics, European Commissioner for Education, Culture, Youth and Sport and opened by Fabian Stang, Mayor of Oslo. The Armenian Church of St. Giragos in Diyarbakir may have been of 17th century origin, although some contend that it was completely rebuilt in the 1880s. The building suffered from appalling deterioration late in the 20th century following the decline in the local population of Armenians. The roof collapsed and the structure became derelict. Its restoration began a few years ago, thanks to the efforts of the St. Giragos Church Foundation, nongovernmental groups and concerned individuals.

Garo Paylan during voting in last Turkish elections.

political activities. Dink was one of the first members of Turkey s small Armenian community to openly speak about the 1915 genocide and call for its recognition by the Turkish state. In Turkey, saying that I am

Armenian is a kind of political statement, Paylan told Ermenihaber.am. If you are interested in Armenians, if you are interested in your own identity, it means that you are also interested in politics.

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By Marianna Grigoryan

ARMENIA

Armenia: Can the Protests Bring Change?

(Eurasianet)- There have been both kisses and curses. Three wedding celebrations and a barrage of injuries. At first glance, Armenia s protests over higher electricity prices might appear just another chapter in this tiny, poverty-stricken South Caucasus country s long chronicle of street demonstrations. Some analysts argue that, this time around, the event could prove a turning point in bringing serious government reform to Armenia. But, they caution, demonstrators have yet to suggest a game plan for such reform. Now in their tenth day, the protests on capital Yerevan s downtown Baghramian Avenue, attracting primarily the young, have become a multi-headed dragon for President Serzh Sargsyan s administration, independent analyst Saro Saroian claimed. [A]fter decapitating one head, another one grows immediately in its place, he elaborated. That is essentially what happened on June 27 after a group of protesters accepted Sargsyan s offer that the government would cover a proposed 16-percent increase in electricity prices by the Russian-owned Electric Networks of Armenia (ENA) and have auditors and an intergovernmental Russian-Armenian commission look into alleged financial wrongdoing that protesters claim led to the proposed price hike. Terming the envoys my dears, Sargsyan, a former prime minister, defense minister and interior minister who has faced down more than a few protests in his seven years in office, claimed having police bulldoze protesters out of downtown Yerevan is not our aim. He urged the group to listen to his friendly appeals for a solution to the problem. Rather than forcing protesters off Baghramian on June 28, police, taking their cue from the president, are trying to style themselves as peacemakers. On June 29, a beaming Vladimir Gasparian, head of the Armenian police, enthused that he had seen bright faces during a visit with protesters. The night before, Yerevan Deputy Police Chief Valeri Osipian

stiffly went on walkabout and chatted with media. The president s overture essentially split the protest between a few hundred who agreed with the government s proposal and left Baghramian for nearby Liberty Square, and hundreds more, dissenters, who stayed put. The numbers now favor Baghramian more strongly, but no sign of a definitive leadership has emerged. Unlike the short-lived Barevolution that followed Armenia s disputed 2013 presidential elections, this is not a fight involving politicians or opposition parties. This is the result of a civilian struggle over the past two to three years, when thousands of people were mobilized. Not a crowd, but an organized fight, Protesters gathered on Baghramyan Ave. in Yerevan and a national fight, when the citizens know protests may ultimately lead to a big opposition alike have a say in the choice of t h e i r r i g h ts , c o m m e n t e d S a r o i a n . disappointment, he said. ENA auditors. And has not excluded the Participants compare themselves with As with the Barevolution, protests have possibility of ENA s resale or nationalization. the massive demonstrations of the late 1980s mushroomed beyond Yerevan (to the regional But, for some analysts, such tactics do for the rights of the predominantly ethnic towns of Gyumri, Vanadzor, Kapan and not go far enough. The post-Soviet system in Armenian region of Nagorno Karabakh in then Sisian), but not with the numbers in the capital Armenia, which by itself represents the Soviet Azerbaijan. city. Russian-style system of vertical corruption, That is not an analogy the government While more protesters could prove does not work anymore, posited Mehrabian, would welcome. The Karabakh movement morphed into a powerful independence decisive, [t]he issue is not only about the a political analyst at the Armenian Center for campaign that led to Armenia s formal break protests participants, underlined Danielian. National and International Studies in Yerevan. Public structures and mechanisms to make It has expired and it is impossible to exchange with the Soviet Union in 1991. O n e d e m o n s t r a t o r, 3 2 - y e a r - o l d decisions must be developed, he said. its existence [for something else]. Even if we reckon that Serzh Sargsyan psychologist Anush Badalian, says that early So far, protesters have not clearly outlined the independence period the collapse of the resigns and the [ruling] Republican Party is what that something else would be.That could economy and energy sector, a brutal war with dissolved, still, by that alone, problems are prove reassuring to Moscow, which has been Azerbaijan over Karabakh fires protesters not solved. New Serzh Sargsyans will be born closely watching the protests for signs of a refusal to back down. We are the generation and new Republicans. The problem is more repeat of the 2013 Ukrainian revolution. who saw the dark, the cold and the war, radical [than that]. Aside from some individual outbursts, At its crux, many Armenians believe, lies who sat at cold school desks, who ate bread though, protesters deny they are aiming at the government s perceived tradition of looking received with ration cards Nothing scares Russia, Armenia s closest ally. us because we are used to hardships and out for its business buddies; in this case, Moscow s June 28 decision to allow an ENA s owner, a Russian firm, Inter RAO UES, fights, Badalian claimed. Armenian court to try a Russian soldier, Private close to the Kremlin. Ruben Mehrabian, a political analyst at Demonstrators are furious over reports, Valery Permyakov, charged with the murder the Armenian Center for National and such as one from anti-corruption watchdog of a family in the northern town of Gyumri, International Studies in Yerevan, advises caution, however. At the moment, there is Transparency International Armenia, that appeared a bid to defuse demonstrators not the power [among the protesters] to serve claimed that 450-million-drams ($952,078) in anger, but, if so, it did not appear to work. Demonstrators told EurasiaNet.org the as an alternative to the current government. rental fees for luxury cars contributed to ENA s decision only showed them that Moscow government-endorsed demand for an increase But that does not mean that it will not appear understands their power. in electricity rates. in the future, Mehrabian said. Commented Mehrabian, Everything is To address that anger, the government Cooperation for Democracy Center Chairperson Stepan Danielian agreed. The has suggested that civil society and the still ahead.

High Voltage: Yerevan Protest Ignites New Wave of Social Change

By Serouj Aprahamian

R e s i d e n ts l i v i n g o n Ye r e v a n s Baghramyan Avenue awoke to the sounds of water cannons and police wagons on the morning of June 23 as police violently dispersed an overnight sit-in held by activists protesting a recent hike in electricity fares. Images of young demonstrators being hosed down, beaten, and dragged by riot police and plainclothes officers quickly spread through the internet and social media. More than 230 people were arrested in the melee, with several sustaining injuries. The disproportionate use of force by the police elicited condemnation from the public and international observers. Many were stunned by the violence of the operation and official labeling of protesters as hooligans, especially given the overwhelmingly peaceful interaction that was maintained prior to the crackdown. Organizers of the demonstration members of a non-partisan movement called No to Plunder repeatedly urged attendees not to get into any confrontations with the police. Participants could be heard constantly chanting Officer, Join Us (Vostikan Miatseer), displaying solidarity and emphasizing that they were fighting just as much for the officers rights as theirs. Those in the crowd who tried to antagonize the police or hurl objects at them were quickly shamed as saboteurs and neutralized. Such a state of affairs is rare in Armenia, where protests tend to spiral into visceral conflict between activists and police. It was clear that the authorities were taken aback by the peaceful demeanor of the demonstrators, helping explain why the sit-in was allowed to last for nearly 11 hours in the center of downtown Yerevan. Nevertheless, in the end, when they were given orders to disperse the crowd, the police did so with the traditional methods of aggression they are accustomed to. Rather than instill fear in the population, the widespread use of force only reinvigorated

the movement. Whereas about 4,000 demonstrators marched on Baghramyan on Monday June 22, by Tuesday June 23 evening, a crowd of 15,000 had gathered in the streets. Despite the anger over the attacks, protesters continued to emphasize the importance of remaining peaceful. Our struggle is not against a specific person or the police, exclaimed a No to Plunder member over the megaphone before the second march to Baghramyan. Our struggle is against injustice. He reminded the crowd of the importance of remaining non-violent and reassured them that victory would be achieved. In this and many other ways, these protests mark a clear departure from the politics of the past. Spearheaded by a crop of young activists from various independent civic initiatives that have developed over the past five years, this movement is crystallizing a new spirit of civic engagement in Armenia. This spirit is, first and foremost, a rejection of the single leader-based, political party approach. Young people have seen how the political opposition led by figures such as Levon Ter Petrossian, Raffi Hovhannisian, and, most recently, Gagik Tsarukyan, have failed to bring about change. Meanwhile, independent civic and social movements have achieved significant victories over and over again (a point that is brought up regularly by movement organizers). Instead of looking toward charismatic leaders or foreign governments for their salvation, this new generation is looking toward local, non-partisan grassroots action. They are not politicized or tied to any NGO s and categorically reject the concept of a leader. They operate in a democratic manner, putting issues as important as whether or not to meet with the president up to demonstrators to decide (both on June 22 and 23, they rejected President Serge Sarkisian s offer to negotiate over their demands). Their main calling cry is We Are the Owners of Our Country (Menk Enk Teruh

Police uses water cannons to disperse protesters in Yerevan.

Mer Yerkrin), a slogan that emphasizes hope, agency, and responsibility for the future of the country, rather than passivity and disillusionment so common among many Armenians. In addition, these protests have attracted large swaths of young people who make up the core of the movement not just college students but even teenagers and young kids. They are coming out into the streets voluntarily with drums in hand, lively energy, and non-violent tactics showing that they are unwilling to accept unjust, illegal decisions in their homeland. This large youth presence alone sends a strong message to the authorities that the future will not be one of passive and apathetic citizens. And this message has already been heeded. Thanks to the activism of these young people, the 40-percent price hike originally proposed was reduced to 17 percent, public hearings have been held around the issue, and even government officials have begun criticizing the Russian company that operates

Armenia s power distribution network. What s more, the back-to-back protests on Baghramyan Avenue have paralyzed several main thoroughfares in the city at the height of tourist season, further raising the costs of the government s unjust decision. Rather than look at the protests as an attempt to reach the Presidential Palace directly, they should be seen as a means for putting pressure on the authorities through the disruption of state affairs and bringing global attention to the issue. As of this writing, protesters continue to raise the pressure by demonstrating into the early night on Baghramyan Avenue. What the final fate of their action will be is yet to be determined. But one thing is clear: The political vacuum left open by the traditional opposition in Armenia is quickly being filled by a younger, more democratic and progressive current of social change. The further consolidation and strengthening of this current is likely to be the greatest hope for confronting the unjust system prevailing in the country.

ARMENIA

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World Bank Warns of Future Power Shortages In Armenia Sargis Harutyunyan (RFE/RL)- Armenia could face a shortage of electricity unless it builds a new and large power plant in the coming years, energy experts from the World Bank warned in a report made public on June 16. Their 67-page policy note analyzes challenges facing the Armenian energy sector and suggests concrete ways of confronting them. Armenia will need an additional power generation capacity in the near future in order to avoid supply shortages in the long run, one of its authors, Artur Kochnakian, told reporters. He argued that the combined capacity of all Armenian power plants will fall well short of nationwide demand by 2026, the anticipated date of the decommissioning of the nuclear station at Metsamor. Metsamor s sole functioning reactor accounts for around 40 percent of electricity generated in the country annually. Its 30-year design life span ends in 2016. The Armenian government plans to modernize the 400 megawatt facility and keep it operational for 10 more years. It obtained last year a $270 million Russian government loan for that purpose.

The decision to extend Metsamor s life reflected its failure so far to make good on its promises to build a new and twice as powerful nuclear plant. The government says that it is still committed to implementing the ambitious project worth billions of dollars. However, it has set no dates for the construction of the new plant. The World Bank report does not seem to regard Metsamor s replacement as a real possibility. It proposes instead that the government start looking for investors interested in financing the construction of a new 500 megawatt thermal power plant by 2020. Two new gas-fired plants have already gone on stream in Armenia in the last few years. One of them was built in Yerevan in 2010 with a $247 million loan provided by Japan s government. The state-owned facility has a capacity of 242 megawatts. The other, more powerful thermal-power plant is located in the central town of Hrazdan. The Russian gas monopoly Gazprom inaugurated it in 2013. Kochnakian agreed that investments in another gas-fired station will most probably necessitate a further rise in electricity prices in Armenia. State utility regulators are widely

Lavish Donations To Armenian Officials Not Investigated By Sargis Harutyunyan (RFE/RL)- Senior Armenian state officials tasked with combatting corruption have faced no investigations into millions of dollars in financial aid which they and their wives claim to have received from undisclosed sources in recent years. The officials running the oversight services of President Serzh Sarkisian, Prime Minister Hovik Abrahamian and the Armenian parliament have reported such lavish financial contributions in their annual asset declarations filed with the state Commission on the Ethics of High-Ranking Officials. So far none of them has been accused by the commission of using their position to enrich themselves and their relatives. Nor are law-enforcement authorities known to have investigated the origin of the donations which Armenia s leading anti-graft watchdog believes carry serious corruption risks. Hovannes Hovsepian, the wealthy head of the presidential Oversight Service, claims to have especially generous benefactors. Hovsepian s income declarations say that from 2011 through 2014 he received a total of $2.75 million in dollar donations from individuals or legal entities not identified by him. According to the document, the minimum amount of a single donation to Hovsepian was $100,000, while the largest one stood at as much as $1.6 million. The presidential service headed by him is supposed to monitor use of public funds by various government agencies and detect possible instances of their embezzlement. Sargis Grigorian manages a similar oversight division in the prime minister s office. He has reported no lavish donations and claims to live off his monthly salary of 314,000 drams ($660). His wife, Armine Kocharian, is apparently unemployed, having reported no financial incomes to the anti-graft commission. However, Kocharian somehow managed to receive $530,000 in loans from Armenian banks from 2012-2014. She also admitted paying around $120,000 to buy several paintings last year. Just how Grigorian s wife secured the sizable loans is not clear. Armenian banks are extremely unlikely to lend so much money to a regular client who has no well-paid job. The wife of Gagik Mkrtumian, a senior official at the parliamentary Audit Chamber, claimed to have received last year $100,000 in donations in addition to earning 180,000 drams ($380) per month. Karine Mazmanian too did not disclose the source of the cash.

Prime Minister Hovik Abrahamian visits the Metsamor nuclear power plant, 6May2015.

expected to raise them this month for a third time in two years. Electricity in Armenia is already almost twice as expensive as it was in 2009. The World Bank report effectively justifies its growing cost, while acknowledging that Armenians are increasingly struggling to pay their energy bills. Climbing energy costs increased the share of household energy expenses to 10 percent, says the report. It will get worse as the much needed new investments are made.

The World Bank experts also stressed the importance of upgrading Armenia s power transmission infrastructure. Many transmission lines and substations incur high outage rates, which could lead to systemwide failure, they warned. Earlier this year, the World Bank provided the Armenian government with a $52 million loan to that will be used for modernizing some of these facilities. The government is due to contribute $17 million of its own funds to that project.

Gas Operator To Buy Iran-Armenia Pipeline

The wife of Ishkhan Zakarian, the controversial Audit Chamber chief, reported a single and far more modest donation: $15,000. Zakarian s asset declaration says that Gayane Soghomonian received the money in 2011. The sum pales in comparison with the conspicuous wealth of Zakarian. Two years ago he was forced by opposition lawmakers to comment on sources of funding for his newly built villa in Yerevan reportedly worth millions of dollars. Zakarian said that the mansion s construction was mainly financed by Albert Boyajian, an Armenian-American businessman described by him as his friend. For the Anti-Corruption Center (ACC), the Armenian branch of the Berlin-based group Transparency International, these financial statements are a cause for serious concern. Such donations can be considered to be transactions fraught with high risks of corruption, Artak Manukian, an ACC expert, t o l d R F E / R L s A r m e n i a n s e r v i c e (Azatutyun.am) on June 5th. Manukian said A pipeline transporting natural gas from Iran. that they would at least be investigated in (RFE/RL)- A senior Armenian official on many countries that are really fighting against June 3 revealed the planned sale of a key corruption. Siranush Sahakian, the chairwoman of section of a pipeline transporting natural gas the Commission on the Ethics of High-Ranking from Iran to Armenia s national gas distribution Officials, last month could not name a single network owned by Russia s Gazprom giant. The 41-kilometer section runs from the state official who the anti-graft body believes has enriched themselves through abuse of Iranian border to the southeastern Armenian power. The remarks suggest that the town of Kajaran. The rest of the pipeline commission has never scrutinized the completed in 2008 is already owned by the donations. Gazprom-Armenia operator. No such investigations have been Deputy Energy Minister Ara Simonian reported by Armenian law-enforcement bodies t o l d R F E / R L s A r m e n i a n s e r v i c e either. They declined to respond to RFE/RL (Azatutyun.am) that the Armenian government inquiries on the subject. and Gazprom have already signed a tentative This stance will only fuel more skepticism about the Armenian government s stated agreement on the sale of the Meghri-Kajaran efforts to tackle widespread bribery, nepotism section. He refused to disclose its financial terms or specify when a final deal could be and other corrupt practices. The government pledged to reinvigorate signed. A spokeswoman for Gazprom-Armenia, those efforts in February when it announced plans to set up a new Anti-Corruption Council Shushan Sardarian, confirmed this that will be headed by Prime Minister information. Sardarian revealed that the Abrahamian and comprise several ministers tentative accord was finalized in 2007 with a and other top state officials. It also urged the $30 million prepayment made by the political parties represented in the Armenian company at the time. She said that Gazpromparliament and civic groups to nominate their Armenia will likely pay another $9 million to representatives to the council. None of those complete the takeover. groups expressed readiness to join the body. Simonian argued that such a takeover Armenia ranked, along with four African will make an economic sense because the states, 94th of 174 countries and territories evaluated in the Transparency International s Gazprom subsidiary already owns Armenia s most recent Corruption Perceptions Index practically entire gas infrastructure. We (CPI) released last December. It occupied the believe that private companies are much same position in the 2013 CPI which covered better than the state at managing such energy 177 nations. facilities, he said.

The Iran-Armenia pipeline was constructed with the aim of easing Armenia s heavy dependence on Russia for energy resources. Critics have long said that Gazprom could exploit its control over the Armenian gas infrastructure to minimize the importance of that alternative source of gas supplies. Armenia imports roughly 2 cubic meters of Russian gas each year, compared with only 500 million cubic meters supplied by Iran. The Iranian gas is mainly delivered to a thermal-power plant in Yerevan which pays for it with electricity supplies to the Islamic Republic. Simonian insisted that Gazprom-Armenia will not be able to sabotage gas imports from Iran after buying the Meghri-Kajaran section. He argued that under the terms of its operating license issued by the Armenian government the company is obliged to ensure unfettered transport of gas through its pipeline network. The vice-minister also stood by government assertions that the Iranian gas will be more expensive than the gas supplied by Gazprom if Armenia increases its imports and pays for them in cash, rather than through the existing barter arrangement. Armenia currently pays Gazprom $165 per thousand cubic meters of Russian gas. The Russian giant charges European countries more than $300 per thousand cubic meters.

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ARMENIA

A Personal Tribute on the Passing of Kirk Kerkorian: an Extraordinary Man By Harut Sassounian Since his passing on June 15, thousands of journalists have highlighted Kirk Kerkorian s amazing business accomplishments and substantial charitable contributions. However, these journalists had never met this great man, as he rarely gave interviews to the media. Having worked with Mr. Kerkorian for almost three decades as Senior Vice President of The Lincy Foundation and President of the United Armenian Fund, I would like to offer a personal tribute about this compassionate Armenian-American and wonderful human being. I remember vividly the first time I met Mr. Kerkorian. It was at a Beverly Hills restaurant in the mid 1980 s during a small gathering of wealthy Armenians who supported Gov. George Deukmejian s reelection. I was there as editor of The California Courier newspaper. When I walked over to introduce myself, Mr. Kerkorian recognized me right away and told me that he was a regular reader of my weekly columns. I was greatly surprised and flattered . The next time I met Mr. Kerkorian was in his Beverly Hills office on November 1, 1989, eleven months after the devastating earthquake in Armenia. We discussed the possibility of forming a coalition of seven major Armenian-American organizations, including The Lincy Foundation, to airlift humanitarian aid to Armenia. Mr. Kerkorian offered to pay the full cost of transportation and went on to generously pledge to cover not only the cost of one airlift, but all future airlifts as long as Armenia needed assistance. Within a few

days, the United Armenian Fund was born which successfully delivered over the next 25 years $700 million of relief supplies to Armenia and Artsakh, on board 158 airlifts and 2,250 sea containers. In 1998, Mr. Kerkorian invited me to travel with him to Armenia, his first trip during which he pledged to Pres. Kocharian to allocate $100 million (raising it later to $242 million) to build or renovate tunnels, bridges and dozens of schools throughout Armenia and one in Artsakh; hundreds of miles of highways, roads and streets; 34 cultural institutions and museums; 3,700 apartments in the earthquake zone; and $20 million of loans to small businesses. These projects not only dramatically improved Armenia s infrastructure, but also provided much needed employment to over 20,000 workers. Mr. Kerkorian asked me to supervise these projects, in my capacity as Senior Vice President of The Lincy Foundation. Over the years, Mr. Kerkorian s Lincy Foundation contributed hundreds of millions of dollars to Armenians worldwide, including $14 million to provide heating oil for Armenia s freezing population during the harsh winter of 1993, $4.5 million in 2006 to all 28 Armenian schools in Lebanon, and millions of dollars to Hayastan All-Armenia Fund s projects in Artsakh. It is estimated that from 1989 to 2011, The Lincy Foundation contributed over $1 billion, split equally between Armenian and non-Armenian charities. In 2011, when The Lincy Foundation closed its doors, unfounded and false rumors began circulating about the supposed reasons for its closure. The fact is that Mr. Kerkorian

Kirk Kerkorian (left) meets then-Armenian President Robert Kocharian in Yerevan in 1998.

had planned all along that at a certain advanced age he would no longer deal with the deluge of daily requests for funding from around the world and distribute the bulk of his wealth after his passing. I would like to conclude by mentioning some of the likes and dislikes of this remarkable Armenian-American: -- Mr. Kerkorian detested the divisions among Armenians. It upset him to no end that Armenians could not get along with each other. He often said: Why can t they unite and march in the same direction? He was pleased to see seven major Armenian-American organizations working together under the umbrella of the United Armenian Fund. -- He cared deeply about the destitute

condition of the people in Armenia and was constantly worried about emigration. He sought to create jobs so Armenians won t have to leave their homeland. -- He hated the limelight and never lent his name to any building or institution. -- He was extremely wealthy, yet lived very modestly and spoke gently and politely. He preferred that people address him as Kirk rather than Mr. Kerkorian. Finally, no one had to prompt Kirk to donate money to worthy causes. He often volunteered to make large contributions without being asked. The Armenian nation and the world owe him a great debt of gratitude.

Armenia, Artsakh Presidents Remember Kirk Kerkorian Artsakh and the diaspora share this sorrow. As an entrepreneur and businessman, he became a legend already in his lifetime and enjoyed international acclaim, setting an example of a revived Armenian and of a hard-working, wise, kind and modest man. It was his Lincy Foundation that backed the Armenian people during hard times, helping them to overcome difficulties and embark on their path to development. The projects implemented by the foundation gave a breath of powerful fresh air to Armenia s economy, seriously changing the nature of our country. I strongly belief that the bright memory of the great Armenian and the National Hero of Armenia will live forever, and our people will remember him with a sense of pride and gratitude. I condole with all of us in this great loss.

Nagorno-Karabakh Republic President Bako Sahakian also sent a condolence letter to Kerkorian s family, the Central Information Department of the Office of the President reported. The letter reads as follows: A r ts a k h a n d t h e w h o l e Armenian people experienced severe pain having heard the grave news about the death of Kirk Kirkoryan. Kirk Kirkoryan was an outstanding person. His life was full of hardship and difficulties, which he overcame due to his painstaking work, unshakeable will and optimism. He became world-famous of whom the Armenian nation is so proud. Kirk Kirkoryan had a substantial input in developing and strengthening our independent statehood, solving issues of panArmenian significance. Numerous strategically important programs

were implemented in Armenia and Artsakh with his immediate assistance, programs that have had a tangible impact on improving socioeconomic situation in the Motherland. Kirk Kirkoryan s patriotic activity was highly estimated by the Armenian people and he occupied his worthy place among the national

philanthropists. On behalf of the Artsakh people and authorities and on my own behalf, I express my condolences and support to the family of Kirk Kirkoryan, his relatives and friends in connection with this irretrievable loss. The memory of the nation s deserved son will always remain bright in our hearts.

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President Serzh Sarkisian of Armenia and President Bako Sahakian of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic President of the Republic of Armenia Serzh Sarkisian and President of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic Bako Sahakian both sent condolence letters on June 17 in response to Armenian billionaire and philanthropist Kirk Kerkorian s passing. Kerkorian, a long-time supporter of development projects both in Armenia and Artsakh who was awarded the Medal of Fatherland and the title of National Hero of Armenia in 2005, passed away on June 16, 2015 at the age of 98. President Serzh Sarkisian released the following message: It was with great sorrow that I learned of the passing away of the great Armenian benefactor Kirk Kerkorian, the National Hero of Armenia. I am sure everybody in Armenia,

ART AND CULTURE

New Book: The Ash Tree

A powerful and beautifully told novel about one family s journey out of the Armenian Genocide and its rebirth in California has been written by Daniel Melnick, Professor Emeritus of English at Cleveland State University. Titled The Ash Tree, the novel is published by West of West Books, a central Californiabased imprint founded by writer Mark Arax. Daniel has written a profound book, Arax said. It is informed not only by his Jewish family s own persecution and exile to America but also by the fact that his wife, Jeanette, is an Armenian who grew up in Fresno. With his marriage to Jeanette, Daniel suddenly found himself immersed in a clan of Armenian farmers, writers, and poets, socialists and capitalists, and football and baseball jocks. How to make sense of them and their traumatic history and the thread of tragedy that continued for them in America? Out of those questions

came this novel, and it is powerful and beautifully told, said Arax. The Ash Tree is a timeless story of love, regret, and love again between Armen Ararat, a survivor of the Armenian Genocide, and a young Armenian American named Artemis. Armen aspires to be a poet and after hiding in an attic in Istanbul to escape the death marches, he travels to the United States and settles in the sunbaked San Joaquin Valley. Armen attends UC Berkeley but is soon drawn back to Fresno by the call of the family farm. There, he meets and marries Artemis, who has made her own journey from Connecticut to California. Because of the demands of family life, Armen s pen goes silent and he becomes a raisin grower, only to lose his farm during the Great Depression. He then returns to the Bay Area with Artemis and their two young sons and baby daughter and finds success as a grocer. As the novel pivots from Turkey to Berkeley to Fresno to San Francisco and then back again to Fresno, the footloose Armen and his family grow into vivid, quintessentially American characters. Artemis and her daughter, Juliet, occupy the center of this world otherwise dominated by men. The dynamic, driven mother achieves a force and authority that challenge the limitations of her time and place. The daughter strives to develop into a forceful young woman in her own right, perceptive, artistic, and more at ease within herself than her mother. Tigran is the older son cautious, intense, solid and Garo is the mercurial and risktaking younger brother, forcing Tigran to try to protect him more than once against his will.

Garo is passionate and charismatic. Large in spirit, he fearlessly embraces life, and he struggles against, yet is baffled by, the recoil of cruelty and evil he encounters. The family discovers that America is not the mythologized land of opportunity but is beset by the evils of poverty, war, racism, censorship, drugs, and corruption. The Ararats turbulent story reveals universal truths about the struggles of countless families, immigrant and native alike. All five members of the Ararat family find their voices here and share telling this epic story. As the family rebounds from the genocide and its generational trauma, they find themselves in the fertile yet hostile landscape of Central California, only for tragedy to find the Ararats again. The novel s cover painting with its frayed and white-washed frame is by the author s wife, Jeanette Arax Melnick, and the novel is based partly on the lives of the Arax family. Combining history and fictionalized memoir, The Ash Tree is an important, beautifully written novel of survival, new life, and heartbreak. Daniel Melnick s previous books include Hungry Generations, a novel about the community of émigré musicians who lived in Los Angeles in the 1940 s. A California native, he has taught at UC Berkeley, where he earned his Ph.D., and at Cleveland State University, where he retired as an Emeritus Professor of English; he is now teaching classes at Case Western Reserve University. The Ash Tree is available from Barnes & Noble and Amazon.com

Forty Martyrs: Armenian Chants from Aleppo Released

In one of Aleppo s oldest quarters sits a church, once a hub and a harbor. The head priest there, the Very Reverend Yeznig Zegchanian, agreed to chant, but he was going to do it now and he was only going to do it once. Jason Hamacher, a drummer from D.C. who had stumbled into a serious fascination with Syria s endangered spiritual traditions, sprinted back to his hotel to grab his equipment. The result, recorded in the resonant Forty Martyrs Armenian Orthodox Church, captures a time, place, and language poised to blink out of existence. The city is embroiled in Syria s heartrending civil war. The church s congregants, descendants of several waves of Armenian refugees, have been scattered to the four winds. The language of the chants, Western Armenian, once spoken in what is now Turkey, seems destined to die out in a generation. To honor this embattled community and the city that sheltered it, Lost Origins has released Forty Martyrs: Armenian Chants from Aleppo at the centenary of the Armenian Genocide, the tragic and bloody Ottoman campaign that drove many Armenians to the centuries-old community in Aleppo.

The storied Syrian city may seem like an unlikely place to encounter a large contingent of Christians from the Caucasus Mountains. Yet cosmopolitan and tolerant Aleppo was on the Silk Road, and was a way station on the important pilgrimage route to Jerusalem. It has been home to Armenians since at least the 15th century, when Forty Martyrs was built. Forty Martyrs is in a dense quarter that was right outside the ancient walled city, explains Hamacher, recalling his 2006 trip to Aleppo. I had a few hours, so I walked into every building I could walk into. In the Armenian church, a priest was there. I asked if he spoke English. I told him I was recording a Syrian album. That was my first time I heard this liturgical music. That moment is also the last track on the album, the Lord s Prayer ( Our Father ). A veteran of the D.C. punk/hardcore scene and a fan of exploratory music from far-flung places, Hamacher had wound up in Syria thanks to a misunderstanding (he heard Syrian not Serbian chant on a fateful phone call). It blossomed into a profound connection and interest in the country s unique and diverse religious communities the Jewish, Christian, and Muslim traditions that had chants and songs rarely recorded and never released to a wide audience. Though he pursued leads carefully, he also happened upon rarities, simply by opening doors and introducing himself. The storied Syrian city may seem like an unlikely place to encounter a large contingent of Christians from the Caucasus Mountains. Yet cosmopolitan and tolerant Aleppo was on the Silk Road, and was a way station on the important pilgrimage route to Jerusalem. It has been home to Armenians since at least the 15th century, when Forty Martyrs was built. When Hamacher returned to Syria in 2010, not long before returning became impossible, he went back to the church and flagged down Zegchanian, with a portable rig and his translator, Jacob Warkez, who was half-Armenian. As the priest sang a selection

of chants from the liturgical year, Warkez jotted down notes, half in Armenian, half in English; they ve been incorporated into the release s artwork. The chants span more than a millennium. The earliest date to the 5th-century ( Great and Wondrous Mystery ) and are sung in Western Armenian, one of the two standardized forms of the language, with its own pronunciation. Once spoken in Eastern Turkey, Aleppo was one of the few strongholds of the dialect until now. Now, Aleppo s Armenian community is threatened or scattered. Hamacher, for example, has yet to track down Zegchanian. Yet he was able to track down a great deal about the chants themselves. He discovered that the Library of Congress has its own Armenian-speaking archivist, Dr. Levon Avdoyan, thanks in part to the library s extensive holding of Armenian materials from Thomas Jefferson s personal collection. Avdoyan pointed Hamacher to colleagues and scholars who helped paint a more complete picture of the ancient, beleaguered Armenian piece of Aleppo s cultural history. Thanks to Avdoyan, Hamacher discovered the profound significance of these recordings to many in the Armenian Diaspora. He went into the Library of Congress to consult with the scholar, and ran into Elyse Semerdjian of Whitman College, an expert on the history of Aleppo s Armenians. With ancestors who attended Forty Martyrs, Semerdjian was deeply moved by the chants. She marveled at their existence and agreed to write liner notes, giving the cultural and historical context. Every one of the recordings I made in Syria sprang from what feels like coincidence, but what turned out to be providential, muses Hamacher. Running into Elyse, walking into Forty Martyrs, it all seems random, but it all came together to document these threatened spiritual traditions and their music. This serendipity in the context of what is unfolding in Syria today seems miraculous indeed.

ÚàôÈÆê 2015 Ä. î²ðÆ, ÂÆô 117

Balakian s New Books Published by University of Chicago Press

Peter Balakian s new books Ozone Journal (poems) and Vise and Shadow: Essays on the Lyric Imagination, Poetry, Art, and Culture have just been published by the University of Chicago Press. The long poem in Balakian s new book is a sequel to his acclaimed ATrain/Ziggurat/Elegy (2010). While excavating the remains of Armenian Genocide survivors in the Syrian desert with a TV crew, the persona navigates his own memory of New York City in a decade (the 1980 s) of crisis as AIDS and climate change make a context for his personal struggles and his pursuit of meaning in the face of loss and catastrophe. Whether his poems explore Native American villages of New Mexico, the slums of Nairobi, or the Armenian-Turkish borderland, Balakian s poems continue to engage the harshness and beauty of contemporary life in a language that is layered, sensual, elliptical, and defined by wired phrases and shifting tempos. Ozone Journal creates inventive lyrical insight in a global age of danger and uncertainty. In his new book, Ozone Journal, Balakian masterfully does the thing nobody else does, which is to derange history into poetry, to make poetry painting, to make painting culture, to make culture living, and with a historical depth that finds the right experience in language, writes the poet Bruce Smith. In Vise and Shadow, Balakian brings together his most influential essays of the past 25 years. He argues that the force of the lyric imagination is able to hold experience under pressure like a vise, while it also shadows history. Precise, lyrical, and eloquent, Balakian s essays explore the ways poetry engages disaster and ingests mass-violence without succumbing to the didactic. He gives us new insights into the relationships between trauma, memory, and aesthetic form. His essays on major Armenian voices (Charents, Gorky, and Siamanto) and the aftermath of genocide are a fresh contribution to contemporary literature and art. Other essays engage painting, collage, song-lyrics, and film as forms of enduring lyric knowledge, and include T.S. Eliot, Joan Didion, Robert Rauschenberg, Adrienne Rich, Hart Crane, Theodore Roethke, Elia Kazan and Bob Dylan. About Vise and Shadow, James Carroll writes, With soaring critical erudition, Peter Balakian s essays range across multiple genres poetry, memoir, film, visual art, history, literary rock to create a brilliant collage of both American imagination and Armenian memory. An elegantly written seminal work of sweeping importance. Askold Melncyczuk writes, Vise and Shadow belongs on a shelf alongside the literary essays of J. M. Coetzee, Adrienne Rich, and Seamus Heaney. Peter Balakian is the Donald M. and Constance H. Rebar Professor of the Humanities at Colgate University. He is the author of seven books of poems and four prose works, including The Burning Tigris: The Armenian Genocide and America s Response, a New York Times best seller, and Black Dog of Fate, a memoir, winner of the PEN/Albrand Prize.

ÚàôÈÆê 2015 Ä. î²ðÆ, ÂÆô 117

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ÚàôÈÆê 2015 Ä. î²ðÆ, ÂÆô 117

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