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Ä. î³ñÇ ÂÇõ 4(112), öºîðàô²ð 2015 Øß³ÏáõóÛÇÝ, ÀÝÏ»ñ³ÛÇÝ, ²Ûɳ½³Ý ä³ñµ»ñ³Ã»ñÃ
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Volume 10, No. 4 (112), JANUARY 2015 Toronto Armenian Community Newspaper
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Dr. Raffi Aynaciyan
D.D.S., M.Cl.D., F.R.C.D.(C)
Orthodontist Richmond Hill (Hillcrest Mall): 9350 Yonge Street, Suite 216 905-884-4161 North York: 3333 Bayview Avenue, Suite 203 416-221-0660 Downtown Toronto: 11 King Street West, Suite C115 416-363-3018
Ara Graphics
braces for children and adults
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ÚáõÝáõ³ñ 9Ç Û»ïÙÇçûñ¿ÇÝ ½ÇÝ»³É ³Ñ³µ»Ïã³Ï³Ý ËÙµ³õáñáõÙÝ»ñ ÑñÃÇé³ÏáÍ»óÇÝ Ð³É¿åÇ Ñ³Û Ï³ÃáÕÇÏ¿ ѳٳÛÝùÇ ³é³çÝáñ¹³ñ³ÝÇÝ ÏÇó ·ïÝáõáÕ êñµáõÑÇ èÇó »Ï»Õ»óÇÝ, áñáõÝ Çµñ»õ Ñ»ï»õ³Ýù »Ï»Õ»óõáÛ Ï³éáÛóÁ Ù³ë³Ùµ ù³Ý¹áõ»ó³õ:
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Ý»ñ ëÏë³Í »Ý ³é³ç³ñÏ»Éáõ Çñ»Ýó §Í³é³ÛáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁ¦ Ç ¹ÇÙ³ó Ù»Í ·áõÙ³ñÝ»ñáõ, ëÏë»Éáõ ѳٳñ Ý»ñ·³ÕÃÇ ·áñÍáÕáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõÝ, áñáÝù ã»Ý áñáßáõ³Í ÇëÏ ÝáÛÝ ÇÝùÝ ²ØÜÇ Ï³é³í³ñáõû³Ý ÏáÕÙ¿: ê²ðü ÏÁ ½·áõß³óÝ¿ ѳÝñáõÃÇõÝÁ, áñ ½·áõß³õáñáõû³Ùµ Ùûï»Ý³Û ÝÙ³ÝûñÇÝ³Ï Í³é³ÛáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõ ¹Çٻɿ ³é³ç: êáõñÇáÛ Ñ³Û ·³ÕáõÃÇÝ ³Ù¿Ýûñ»³Û å¿ïù»ñáõÝ Ñ³ëÝ»Éáõ ѳٳñ ѳݷ³Ý³Ï³ÛÇÝ ³ñß³õÝ»ñ ϳï³ñ»É¿ µ³óÇ, ê²ðüÁ ß³ñáõݳϳµ³ñ ÏÁ Ñ»ï»õÇ Ýáñ ½³ñ·³óáõÙÝ»ñáõÝ »õ ÏÁ ѳݹÇåÇ å³ïÏ³Ý Ù³ñÙÇÝÝ»ñáõ Ñ»ï, Ó»éù µ»ñ»Éáõ ѳٳñ ѳٳå³ï³ëË³Ý ï»Õ»ÏáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñª êáõñÇáÛ ï»Õ³Ñ³Ýáõ³Í ÅáÕáíáõñ¹Ç Ý»ñ·³ÕÃÇÝ áõ ·³ÕóϳÝÝ»ñáõ Çñ³íÇ׳ÏÇÝ ³éÝãáõû³Ùµ:
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ÁݹɳÛÝáõ³Í ÝÇëïÇ ÁÝóóùÇÝ Û³Ýó³·áñÍáõû³Ý ß³ñáõݳÏáõÃÇõÝ »õ Ýáñ ó»Õ³ëå³ÝáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñ Çñ³Ï³Ý³ó- ÝáõÃÇõÝ óáõó³µ»ñ»óÇÝ, ÷ñÏ»óÇÝ Édz- ݳãáõÙÁ »õ ¹³ï³å³ñïáõÙÁ ϳñ»õáñ ϳï³ñ áãÝã³óÙ³Ý íï³Ý·Ç ³éç»õ Ù»ÏݳϿï ÏÁ ¹³éÝ³Ý Ñ³Û »õ Ãáõñù ÅáÝ»Éáõ ù³ç³É»ñ³Ýù, - гٳñ»Éáí ݳ»õ 1919-1921 Ãá- Ï³Ý·Ý³Í µ³½Ù³ÃÇõ ѳۻñÇ, ³å³Ñáí Õáíáõñ¹Ý»ñÇ å³ïÙ³Ï³Ý Ñ³ßï»óÙ³Ý õ³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇÝ úëٳݻ³Ý é³½Ù³Ï³Ý »õ Ë³Õ³Õ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñ ëï»ÕÍ»óÇÝ ó»- ·áñÍÁÝóóÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ: ³ñï³Ï³ñ· ³ï»³ÝÝ»ñÇ ÏáÕÙÇó §Æ- Õ³ëå³ÝáõÃÇõÝÇó í»ñ³åñ³Í ѳÛáõ10. 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Fethiye Cetin Speaks at 8th Hrant Dink Commemoration in Toronto By Raffi Bedrosyan On January 18, the Toronto-Armenian community gathered to commemorate the 8th anniversary of the assassination of editor and journalist Hrant Dink, who was murdered in Istanbul on January 19, 2007, in front of the Agos newspaper offices. The event was jointly organized by Hamazkayin, AGBU, Nor Serount and Bolsahay Cultural Association. More than 700 people filled the Armenian Community Center to hear keynote speaker Fethiye Cetin, one of the most prominent lawyers in Turkey. Cetin was Hrant Dink s lawyer while he was alive, and continued to serve as his family s lawyer after his assassination, relentlessly pursuing and investigating the perpetrators of the stillunsolved murder. I was the master of ceremonies of the event. The commemoration started with a candlelight vigil and a moment of silence remembering Hrant Dink, as well as the latest victims of intolerance toward free press, the murdered journalists of the Charlie Hebdo magazine in Paris. I explained how Hrant Dink became a target of Turkish ultranationalists within the deep state that planned his murder, and how officials in the intelligence bureaucracy and state police didn t move a finger to prevent his murder, even though there was overwhelming evidence related to its preparation and implementation. After a beautiful rendition of Gomidas s Andouni and of Anin Desnem ou Mernem (words by Hovhannes Shiraz, music by Majag Toshikyan) by young soprano Lynn Anoush Isnar, accompanied by pianist Lena Beylerian, I introduced Fethiye Cetin. Cetin was born in Maden, Elazig province, and studied law at Ankara University. She is recognized as being the foremost human rights lawyer in Turkey, specializing in minority rights cases. She defended Hrant Dink against charges brought by the state for insulting Turkishness, only because he dared to speak about the Armenian Genocide. In 2004, Cetin wrote a book, titled My Grandmother, revealing her Armenian roots. In it, she explained how her Armenian grandmother was captured as a nine-year-old orphan by a Turkish soldier during the death march of 1915. Although her grandmother was Islamicized and her name changed from Heranoush to Seher she kept her Armenian roots secret until she was 70 years old, and opened up to her granddaughter, Fethiye Cetin, asking her to find her long-lost brother. After years of searching, Fethiye did find her Armenian relatives in New Jersey, but only after her grandmother had passed away. My Grandmother has been translated into more than a dozen languages. It immediately became a best-seller in Turkey, and opened the floodgates to hundreds of similar stories about hidden, Islamicized Armenians. As a result, Fethiye Cetin, in collaboration with Ayse Gul Altinay, edited another book, called The Grandchildren, a compilation of dozens of stories of hidden Armenians. She also initiated a restoration project for destroyed Armenian fountains in her hometown village of Habap in 2009; several Armenian, Turkish, and Kurdish youth from Turkey, the United States, and France came to Habap to collaborate with local villagers and reconstruct the historic fountains that supplied water to the village. After Hrant Dink s assassination, Fethiye Cetin represented his family in the murder trials and investigations, which are still unresolved and continue to this day. In 2013, she presented the failure of the judicial system in finding and sentencing the real perpetrators of the Dink murder, as well as the gross negligence and cover-up of state officials, in
a book titled, I Am Ashamed: The Trials of the Hrant Dink Murder Case. In a moving speech at the Jan. 18 event, Cetin explained the struggle between individuals memory and conscience versus state pressure to make people forget past crimes. Below are excerpts from the speech: *** My grandmother was about 70 years old when she told me her story, as seen by her as a 9-year-old girl, about the 1915 disaster, the death march, followed by silence, pain, and loneliness. Nearly 60 years had passed after the terror that she experienced, but my grandmother still remembered very clearly her village, her house, all the names of her relatives, including her grandmother, her grandfather, her cousins, even the name of the village official. Despite all the external attempts to make her forget, she remembered everything that she and her family had lived through. It was as if she had kept repeating the story to herself for 60 years, in order not to forget. The official state version of history in Turkey is also subject to a similar policy of permanent amnesia regarding the 1915 events. A typical example is a statement given by Sevket Sureyya Aydemir, the author of Mustafa Kemal s biography: I believe the fighting and settling of accounts between Turks and Armenians is a page of human history best to be forgotten. Which side was responsible? Who was guilty? I think it is better not to find out answers to these questions and forget these events forever. But unfortunately, despite all attempts, laws, and pressures to make people forget these events forever, this policy cannot be implemented. On the other hand, the state which forces individuals to forget the past keeps all the information, records, documents about the past under its control, in locked safes and rooms, in places beyond the reach of the public, in order to bring them out and use them as discriminatory policies against the minorities, the sword leftovers, the ones defined as others. In other words, in one hand the state uses every means to make people forget the past, but on the other hand the state never forgets the past and keeps reminding the people about the differences in the minorities. As a result, the forced amnesia policy becomes converted to a policy of continuous remembering. With the emergence in recent years of many stories about the past, with biographies, books, films, documentaries, panels, and conferences, one can conclude that the monopoly of the state in controlling the past has come to an end. Local memories have started a revival because the great crime was witnessed by all local people. Despite the attempts to wipe out traces of the past, it is impossible for the local memories to be forgotten. Remembering and facing the past is now a must for the Turkish people. Truth and justice are deadly fears of the perpetrator. The perpetrator attempts to hide the truth with all its might, mechanisms, and institutions. This is why memory is the enemy of the government. In my country the most important name of this resisting force is Hrant Dink. Because Hrant Dink, with his stand, kept on reminding them of their past full of crimes, the past which they desperately tried to make people forget. Because Hrant Dink not only kept reminding them of the truth about the past, but everyone that he touched with his words his readers, his listeners, his followers, people in the street everyone believed him. They murdered Hrant Dink, because he stood right where the state had drawn the red lines, the taboos that it feared. Hrant Dink became the only visible target for the historical hatred
The attendants packed the Armenian Community Centre s main Hall. Top: Fethiye Cetin speaks during the Hrant Dink commemoration event in Toronto.
against Armenians, and he stood in the crosshairs of both opposition and government forces. The hatred for Armenians also became quite apparent in all the trials and investigations following the murder, as the perpetrator of the crime the state ensured that all the state officials would be exempt from any investigation. During these eight years since the murder, the competing forces in the government still use the murder as war material against each other. I am one of the closest witnesses of Hrant Dink s murder. I was with him in the court cases throughout the long preparation stage of the murder. My evidence is based on my eyewitness account. I presented and continue presenting to the judiciary and prosecution all I know, I see, I think about this murder. But unfortunately, all my efforts so far have ended up in countless binders or in notes attached to desk calendars. They were not included in formal prosecution inquiries, evidence that I pointed out was not investigated, suspects that I pointed out were not questioned. The history of this country is full of cases where criminals are not tried, even if tried are not punished, where the perpetrators do everything possible to make the society forget the crime. Our history has countless political assassinations and unsolved murders. I acted as Hrant Dink s lawyer before his murder, and I am his family s lawyer after the murder. Obviously I do not possess the force
and resources of the prosecutor to uncover the real planners and perpetrators of this murder. I don t have intelligence organizations at my control either, which could provide me with clues and information. I base my case only on what I witness, and what I see in the trial documents. Yes, our history is full of shameful events, unaccounted crimes, unsolved murders. We inherited this shame from the past, but we are responsible not to pass it on to future generations. I want to pledge, with you as witness, that I will try to bring to account all the shame and present a clean future to the next generations. My promise is a promise to Hrant, that I will continue to seek truth and justice, to the utmost of my abilities and until the end of my life. *** The Toronto commemoration was more proof that Hrant Dink s legacy lives on and gains more momentum every year, both within Turkey and in all four corners of the world, with demands of truth and justice to prevail for 1.5 million Armenians plus one for Hrant Dink himself. Also present at the event was The Hon. Jim Karygiannis, Toronto City Councillor for Ward 39 Scarborough Agincourt. Mr. Karygiannis addressed the audience following Fethiye Cetin s speech and said that he was proud to stand for the rights of people all around the world to express themselves freely and tell the truth about history.
Fethiye Cetin A Biography Fethiye Cetin was born in 1950 in the town and district of Maden in the province of Elasig. After completing her primary and secondary studies in Maden and the cities of Mamudiye and Elazig, she obtained her degree as an attorney from the University of Anakara s Faculty of Law. She practices in Istanbul where she has worked on human rights and in particular on minority rights issues. She served at the Center on Human Rights of the Istanbul Bar Association and was the founder and spokesperson of the working group on the rights of minorities who rely on that Center. To remove racist, separatist and hateful content in textbooks, she founded the human rights watch group named History for Peace. Her book My Grandmother was published in 2004 and translated into French,
Italian, Flemish, Bulgarian, Greek, German and Romanian. It won the Armenia medal in Marseille, France. The Arabic and Urdu versions are presently being translated. Her book, My Grandchildren written in collaboration with Ayse Gul Altinay, was published in 2009 and translated into French and English. Metis Editions published in September 2013 her book I Feel Ashamed: The Judgment of the Hrant Dink Murder being the subject of the Hrant Dink assassination. She is a recipient of the Padova Righteousness Plaque (given for righteousness, fairness and honesty) and is an honorary member of the Armenian Lawyers Association of France. Fethiye Cetin was the lawyer of Hrant Dink, who was assassinated in 2007. To this day, she continues to advocate for the interests of the Dink family and the Hrant Dink Foundation.
2015 ARMENAIN GENOCIDE î²ðÆ, ÂÆô 112 22 Ä.öºîðàô²ð European Court for Human Rights Holds Hearing on Armenian Genocide Denial
Geoffrey Robertson, Toby Collis and Amal Alamuddin Clooney, Gevorg Kostanyan represent Armenia
(A.W.) The European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) held a Grand Chamber hearing on January 28, in the case of Dogu Perincek v. Switzerland. The case stems from a Swiss court verdict that in 2007 fined Perincek, a Turkish ultranationalist activist and chairman of Turkey s Workers Party, over his 2005 statement calling the Armenian Genocide an international lie. In appealing to the ECHR, Perincek s defense argued that the Swiss court violated Perincek s right to freedom of expression; the court ruled in their favor in 2013. On March 7, 2014, Switzerland filed an appeal, which led to today s hearing. The Armenian legal team was comprised of Armenia s Prosecutor General Gevorg Kostanyan, and attorneys Geoffrey Ronald Robertson, Toby Collis and Amal Alamuddin Clooney. In his statements, Robertson said that Perincek is a genocide denial forum shopper, and that He seeks out countries in Europe where he can be convicted and by so doing promote himself and his perverse view of history. Robertson also referred to Perincek as a vexatious litigant and a pest. A mere opinion Mehmet Cengiz, representing Dogu Perincek, presented before the court first, and argued that Perincek s motives were not of a racist nature, but that his statements were in essence a legal assessment of the 1915 events. Dr. Perincek made a legal assessment. He did not ignore the massacres and the deportations; he did not deny the actus reus of the 1915 events. The dispute between the parties concerns the legal definition of the tragic events that took place a hundred years ago in the Ottoman Empire. Mr. Perincek defends that these events cannot be defined as a crime of genocide. Perincek rejects the judicial qualifications of the events as genocide and bases his opinions on the 1948 UN genocide convention, said Cengiz, who also claimed that there is no consensus on the genocide. Mr. Perincek made similar statements in both Germany and France and did not face similar charges, he said. Cengiz argued that Perincek had no racial motives, having spent his life countering racism. You can seek many motivations, many intents but even if you sought for 1,000 years, you won t find a racist intent because Dr. Perincek has spent his lifetime fighting against racism, this is why he has served 14 years in prison Take a look at his files: in every case he fought against racism. Perincek, spoke about Europe s tradition and heritage of liberty. Freedom of expression means liberty for different, even deviating opinions, and freedom is needed for those who oppose the status quo. If circulating opinions and prejudices cannot be discussed then there is no freedom, said Perincek, adding, We need to make sure we rid ourselves from the negative effects of judgements, opinions, which dates back to the First World War. The consciousness, the thinking of the Europeans about the event of 1915 should not be surrounded and besieged by prohibitions. Let us secure the freedom to access the truth. Perincek also spoke about 90 kilos of documents that his team submitted to the court as evidence in an attempt to prove why the Armenian Genocide should not be labeled as such. Perincek spoke about the pain he shares with the Armenian people, while claiming that massacres and forced deportations were mutual in the Ottoman Empire. Let us protect peace and brotherhood in Europe, in Turkey. The accusation of the Armenian Genocide has turned into a taboo, it s turned into a tool to discriminate against Turkish people, to humiliate Turks, said Perincek, adding, Today Turks and Muslims are the black people of Europe. Let also the
oppressed ones defend themselves. Until two days before the hearing, Perincek was under a travel ban due to an ongoing Ergenekon related case against him. The Istanbul 4th High Criminal Court lifted the travel ban on Jan. 26. Now, the [next step] is [for] the historical case in Strasbourg to finalize the lie of Armenian genocide, read a statement released by the socialist Workers Party, which Perincek chairs, reported Turkish sources. Christian Laurent Pech, also representing Perincek, said the trial was not about whether the proper characterization of what happened to the Armenians in 1915 is genocide. In these troubled times, we find it important to recall that one of the main purposes of freedom of expression is to protect opinions that might not be popular whether in Switzerland, Turkey or elsewhere, he said. Stefan Talmon, representing the government of Turkey, argued that Perincek Attorneys Geoffrey Robertson and Amal Clooney entering the court. was merely sharing an opinion, which is not the same as targeting a certain group of people. Calling something an international most recently in Greece. According to Robertson, the denial of the lie is not the same as calling a certain group of persons liars, as such, it has no racial Armenian Genocide is inherently insulting to all Armenians. While he called the Holocaust connotation, said Talmon. an appalling example of the worst of crimes against humanity, he stated that it is wrong A well-reasoned judgment Representing the government of to excuse or to minimize other mass murders Switzerland, Frank Schurmann laid out on the grounds of race and religion because reasons why his government believes that they have fewer victims or different methods the Swiss court handed down well-reasoned of killing. What matters to Armenians, and judgments reaching a perfectly justifiable Jews, and Bosnians, and Bengalis to Rwandan result. He argued that the lower court in Tutsis and today, Yezidis, is not the manner reaching its verdict ignored the context in of their death or whether an international court which Perincek s statements were uttered. has convicted the perpetrators, but the fact He forcefully argued that victims of genocidal that they were targeted as unfit to live because crimes, as well as their descendants, deserve they were Jews or Armenians or Yezidis, he to have their rights legally protected from explained. Clooney offered further historical statements that were an assault on their background on the Armenian genocide, citing human dignity. It is not denial per se which warrants that, the most important error by the court punishment, but the hate and discriminatory below is that it cast doubt on the reality of the Dogu Perincek presents his case. intent that must also be present, argued Armenian Genocide that the people suffered Schurmann. Let us also recall the applicant s a hundred years ago. She argued that this identification with Talaat Pasha, one of the finding on the genocide was not necessary in Armenian Genocide and deemed to be instigators of the fact in issue, found guilty by the case, that it was reached without a proper xenophobic by the European Parliament, the court martial of the Ottoman Empire, he forensic process, and most importantly, that celebrated the judgement in its current terms, and triumphantly complained that it has solved said, and cited the intervention offered to the it was wrong. This court is not the forum and Mr. the Armenian question once and for all. court in favor of Armenia by Turkish human rights organizations, which helped further Perincek is not the case in which to determine According to Clooney, the comments on the place Perincek s statements into a larger state responsibility for the crime of genocide. lower court judgement, dishonor the memory But if this chamber were minded to make such of the Armenians who perished under the context. Professor Daniel Thurer also spoke on a judicial determination, then Armenia must Ottoman Empire a century ago and assist behalf of the Swiss government, providing have its day in court. We would, in that case, those who will deny the genocide and incite further arguments and in support of the Swiss welcome the opportunity to submit evidence, racial hatred and violence, expressing hope which we consider to be overwhelming, that that the chamber would, set the record court s position. the massacres that killed over a million straight. Genocide denial can have double impact Armenians would today be labelled as Comments, protests Armenia s Prosecutor General Gevorg genocide, said Clooney. This court is not the forum and Mr. Bedo Demirdjian, Communications and Kostanyan presented the history of the Armenian Genocide and introduced Geoffrey Perincek is not the case in which to determine PR officer for the European Armenian Robertson QC to address the Grand Chamber. state responsibility for the crime of genocide. Federation for Justice and Democracy Robertson, who is representing Armenia on But if this chamber were minded to make such (EAFJD), said that denial of Genocide, inciting behalf of Doughty Street Chambers along with a judicial determination, then Armenia must hate and making racist comments in Europe human rights barrister, Amal Clooney, provided have its day in court. We would, in that case, are not a right, but are crimes that should be the court with an in-depth historical background welcome the opportunity to submit evidence, punished accordingly. EAFJD was involved of the Armenian Genocide and warned about which we consider to be overwhelming, that in a supporting role to one of the third parties the massacres that killed over a million that intervened on behalf of Armenia. the dangers of genocide denial. Demirdjian, who followed the court Genocide denial can have double impact. Armenians would today be labelled as hearings in Strasbourg, said that Perincek s It can make genocide survivors and their genocide. Clooney went on to criticize Turkey s track defense tried to confuse the court by saying children and grandchildren feel the worthlessness and contempt and inferiority record on violations of freedom of expression, that he doesn t refute the massacres of that the initial perpetrators intended, said calling it disgraceful. Speaking to the Grand Armenians; acknowledges the pain suffered; Robertson, adding that denial can incite, Chamber, she outlined how the European and [argues] that Turks have also been killed, admirations for those perpetrators and a Court of Human Rights had found against the [which is why] we cannot give the Genocide dangerous desire to emulate them. Turkish government in 224 separate cases [that] characterization. This is unacceptable While there was much debate from on freedom of expression grounds. She then to us: equating the victim and perpetrator. Perincek s counsel that the defendant did not made a reference to Hrant Dink who was This is the official line of the Turkish state to have discriminatory intentions, Robertson prosecuted by Turkey and assassinated by a whitewash their crime. According to police, hundreds of Turkish reminded the Grand Chamber that the Swiss Turkish nationalist in 2007: although this case court had, in fact, decided that Perincek s involves a Turkish citizen, Armenia has every protestors gathered outside the courthouse, motives were racist, and that his words in interest in ensuring that its own citizens do carrying Turkish and Azeri flags, portraits of the Turkish language were designed to arouse not get caught in the net that criminalizes Ataturk, and banners. Some began cheering his supporters in Turkey to hate Armenians freedom of speach too broadly and the family as Perincek emerged from the court. Armenian organizational representatives and to applaud his hero Talaat Pasha, the of Mr. Hrant Dink know that all too well. Clooney concluded her remarks by from across Europe as well as dozens of Ottoman Hitler. Robertson made it clear that Perincek traveled to Switzerland with the pointing out that Perincek and his colleagues Armenians also gathered in front of the Human purpose of being convicted; something that on the Talaat Pasha Committee, a committee Rights Court building, calling for an end to he had tried doing in France, Germany, and named after the principal perpetrator of the genocide denial.
ARMENIAN GENOCIDE
I am a Survivor Garabed Altounian s Perilous Road to Survival By Araxie Altounian Garabed Altounian, my paternal grandfather, was born in Amasya on March 18, 1895 (we are unsure of the calendar), the tenth and youngest child of Hagop and Mariam Altounian. While his five brothers along with the three brothers-in-law were killed in 1915, Garabed survived because he was of small built and looked younger than his age (20). When the Turkish gendarmes captured him for the first time, his older sister yelled at them: Don t you fear God? You already took away all our men. What do you want from this child? And they let him go. He was to escape death miraculously numerous times sometimes through bribes, and other times just by pure luck after the deportation from Amasya began in June 1915. The following represents highlights from Garabed s memoires that were published by my father, Hagop Altounian (My Father, Garabed Altounian s Memoires, Toronto, 2013). Garabed had a gift for storytelling, supported by a very lucid memory of details, and an ability to present a clear, logical sequence of events. Also, being much older than my other grandparents, he had received a higher level of education. All of this allowed him to give us the most developed and detailed testimony of the four. Here is a quick synopsis of what happened to his family of ten siblings, their spouses and children during the genocide. Hagop- the father, had passed away in 1912. Mariam- the mother of ten children, died on the way to Deir Zor. Yeranouhi- died on the way to Deir Zor. Her first husband who was a member of the Henchag party died in jail in 1901. Two of her children had previously died of illness. One daughter, Kohar, survived. Kohar s husband, Neshan Dambourajian was taken away and killed on the first day of the deportation. Her two children, Onnig (7) and Annig (1 and ½) died of exhaustion in Hama. Aghavni- died on the way to Deir Zor with her five children and two grandchildren. Her husband had previously been arrested and killed. Krikor- imprisoned, tortured and killed because he was a member of the Henchag party. His widow remarried in Hama before moving to Argentina. Areknazan- settled in Malatya with her four children, but eventually the whole family was wiped out. The husband had previously been arrested and killed. Ohan- died of illness in 1899. Haroutiun- was arrested while keeping the family store, and killed. He had never been involved in politics. His wife and children perished during the death march. Hovhannes- was arrested and killed on the first day of deportation. His son Vahram (1 ½) died on the road. Wife Akabi (25) died in Hama. Daughter Marie (3) survived. Neshan- was killed by drowning in Samsun, because he was a member of the Tashnag party. He was single. Manouk- served in the Ottoman army and died in Yerznka. He was single. Garabed- survived. After marching for more than five weeks in the summer heat, with the number of the family members getting ever smaller due to deaths on the road, their caravan reached a place where Turkish escorts started collecting all the boys that were 15 and older, including Garabed. They had just passed a gorge filled with the dismembered bodies of hundreds of men. One of the captured Armenians from Amasya recognized an old acquaintance among the Turks, and managed to be released. At that point Garabed had the idea of telling the same Turk that he too was from
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Amasya. He was told that if he paid ten pounds, he would be released. His mother paid, and he was freed. Other Armenians followed, and the amount of the bribe gradually dropped from 10 to 2 pounds. Twenty four young men were unable to pay. They were taken behind a hill. Gun shots were heard... When the survivors thought that their ordeal was over, the Turkish escorts came back and demanded 100 pounds to spare the entire caravan. The Armenians paid. But the Turks returned pretending they had been given only 99 pounds, and as a penalty, asked for 300 pounds plus a diamond ring. At that point, Garabed refused to pay, thinking he would be killed sooner or later, whether he paid or not. He hoped that if the women kept the money, at least they would survive. An older Armenian man stepped in and advised him to pay saying, one never knows what tomorrow brings. Then he told my grandfather a story that has been often repeated in our household as an example of hope and patience: Once upon a time, the Sultan ordered a blacksmith to prepare several Garabed Altounian in mid 1920s. thousand horse shoes in one week, because Garabed Altounian in Adana with uncle Mihran, nieces he was planning to go to war. The blacksmith Kohar and Marie, and future spouse, Aroussiag Salian. toiled day and night, but could not finish the order. On the assigned day, when the Sultan s Kohar (27) as well as his oldest brother s wife taken in the Adana refugee camp ca. 1919men knocked on his door, he thought this Ghumri were all that was left of the very large 1920, Mihran Altounian is sitting to the far left, would be the last day of his life. However, the Altounian family (Hagop Altounian s branch) and has his arm around Garabed. Standing men at the door told him to prepare nails for that used to count 36 members before the behind them, second from left is my the Sultan s coffin, because the latter had deportations and killings. When Ghumri found grandmother Aroussiag, a teenage orphan, died. The old man concluded that Garabed out that her husband Krikor had been killed, and sitting right next to her, behind Garabed, should trust God who transforms horseshoes she remarried and moved to Argentina. Kohar is Kohar, his niece. We assume Marie, the found work as a housekeeper in an Arab orphaned niece, is the young girl sitting next into nails . Garabed paid his share. The three family. Garabed secured a job in the business to him (front, 2nd from right). This is the first hundred pounds were collected, and my of a Muslim Syrian, who also saved his life picture ever of the surviving members of my paternal grandmother s mother, Makrouhi twice from Turkish officials still looking out for paternal family. It was Mihran Altounian who Salian, who was in the same caravan, gave surviving young male Armenians. Marie, who urged Garabed to marry Aroussiag. My away her diamond ring. A few days later the had no one to look after her, was put up for grandparents got engaged under a fig tree in Turks shot and killed the old man for no adoption and taken in by a Muslim Arab 1920. Garabed promised his fifteen year-old woman. Of course her uncle was keeping an fiancée that he would send her to school for apparent reason. When the caravan of Armenian refugees eye on her, and found out that little Marie, two years before they got married. from Amasya reached the town of Suruç, they who had turned four by then, was being given Unfortunately a few months later, learned that they were being driven to their chores around the house. Armenians woke up one morning to find out After the end of the First World War in that the French army had withdrawn, handing deaths in the desert of Deir Zor. Garabed started looking for a way to save his family, November 1918, Garabed decided to move over Cilicia to Turkey, and leaving the trying to access the train to Aleppo, when a to Adana with the hope of returning to his Armenian refugees at the Turks mercy. Once wealthy Kurd stepped in offering help: for ten homeland Amasya. He was determined to again they fled. My grandparents, and with pounds he would bring Garabed and his group bring Marie along, and arranged for a few them nieces Kohar and Marie, settled in Beirut. of twenty four to the train station and bribe its young men to abduct her. According to her The couple got married two years after their superintendent. However, he was to bring granddaughter, Marie was hidden in a sugar engagement, as promised. However, my them to safety in three groups of eight. The sac and brought to her uncle. When asked if grandmother who was orphaned at age 10 Altounians selected the first eight members, she remembered him, she placed her finger barely got any schooling. among whom was my grandfather as the only on the gap between his two front teeth. She As for cousin Mihran, deeply disappointed surviving male member of the family. The remembered... by the French ceding Cilicia to the Turks, he After the end of the First World War, the Kurd took them to a cave near the train station returned to New York City where he pursued and ordered them not to move until he brought Allies occupied the territories that had been his career as an architect, and served as the the others. But he never returned. The next under Ottoman rule. There were plans to repatriarch of the association of Armenian morning Garabed wandered out of the cave, settle Armenians in their native homeland, and found out that the caravan had been and Cilicia was being considered as the survivors from Amasya. Until I read his memoires, I had no idea driven to Deir Zor. Years later, when he possible new Armenia. Many hopeful that my dear grandfather carried so many inquired among some rare survivors, he Armenians returned from their forced exile. horrific scars: he never showed them, but In 1919 Garabed moved to Adana, a city in learned that all his family members who were always wanted to have all his family members Cilicia, with his two nieces Kohar and Marie. driven there had perished. around him. Garabed medzbaba had a very The lucky eight made their way to Hama. There he met his third cousin Mihran Altounian. special affection for his grandchildren and They were all weak, malnourished, Mihran Melkon Altounian had moved to the was a truly patriarchal figure in his own family traumatized. The first to die was Garabed s United States in 1910 to study architecture, 18 year-old niece, Veronica, whom he and thus escaped the massacres, becoming and that of his younger niece, Marie. His exacting character and acute sense describes as beautiful and educated . The the only survivor of his branch of the Altounian of righteousness drew respect from all those Turks had abducted her, but she managed to dynasty. He trained in the American army, who knew him. Extremely meticulous and escape into a group of gypsies who disguised joined the Armenian Legion and left for her as one of theirs. However the trauma took Bordeaux, France, then Port Saïd. After the highly organized, he kept the books of the a toll on her health, and she succumbed armistice, he was sent to Adana, Turkey, as Abro Abroyan textile factory where he worked weeks later. Soon after, three more family a military superintendent of the Armenian as chief accountant for four decades. Never members died. As my grandfather puts it, orphanage, to organize both the orphanage trusting the newly invented calculator, he They dropped like ripe berries . and a workshop for the numerous widows of would recalculate long rows of numbers Garabed himself contracted typhus fever. the genocide. Together, Garabed and Mihran himself, to make sure that the machine had At the time, he was renting a room in the investigated the fate of other family members. not made errors. For several decades Garabed and house of an old Greek couple in Hama. Most On the insistence of his niece Kohar, of that time he lay unconscious, but whenever Garabed arranged to have Aroussiag Salian Aroussiag Altounian helped support the Mother he opened his eyes, he saw his landlady (my grandmother) to be taken out from her Church of Armenia, Holy Etchmiadzin. taking care of him. After he recovered, the old orphanage in Aintab and took her under his Garabed acted as the liaison for the Catholicos landlord got the disease and died, followed wing (Kohar s widowed mother, Yeranouhi, of All Armenians, His Holiness Vasken I, in by his wife. had married Aroussiag s widowed grandfather, Lebanon, earning his deep appreciation. He Garabed, his two nieces, Marie (3) and Sarkis Kirishjian, in 1906). In the group picture passed away in Beirut, on April 30, 1986.
2015 î²ðÆ, ÂÆô 112 24 Ä.öºîðàô²ð
ARMENIAN GENOCIDE
The Armenians want an acknowledgment that the 1915 massacre was a crime In 1915 Britain was determined to expose the Armenian genocide, so why have we since downgraded it to a tragedy ? By Geoffrey Robertson Just before the invasion of Poland, Adolf Hitler urged his generals to show no mercy towards its people there would be no retribution, because after all, who now remembers the annihilation of the Armenians? As the centenary of the Armenian genocide approaches it began on 24 April 1915, with the rounding up and subsequent disappearance of intellectuals and community leaders in Constantinople remembrance of the destruction of more than half of the Armenian people is more important than ever. Although, as Hitler recognised in 1939 (and it is still the case today), the crime against humanity committed by the Ottoman Turks by killing the major part of this ancient Christian race has never been requited, or, in the case of , been the subject of apology or reparation. The Young Turks who ran the Ottoman government did not use gas ovens, but they did massacre the men, and sent the women, children and elders on death marches through the desert to places we only hear of now because they are overrun by . They died en route in their hundreds of thousands from starvation or attack, and many survivors died of typhus in concentration camps at the end of the line. The government ordered these forced deportations in 1915, and then passed laws to seize their lands and homes and churches on the pretext that they had been abandoned . The destruction of more than 1 million Armenians was declared a crime against humanity by Britain, France and Russia in 1915, and these allies formally promised punishment for what a US inquiry at the end of the war described as a colossal crime the wholesale attempt on a race . But the Treaty of Sèvres, designed to punish the Young Turks for this colossal crime now called genocide was never implemented. Modern Turkey reportedly funds a massive genocide denial campaign, claiming that the death marches were merely relocations required by military
By K.M. Greg Sarkissian
necessity and that the massacres (the Euphrates was so packed with bodies that it altered its course) were the work of a few unruly officials. In Turkey, today, you can go to jail and some do for affirming that there was a genocide in 1915; this counts as the crime of insulting Turkishness under Section 301 of its criminal code. Conversely, in some European countries, it counts as a crime to deny the Armenian genocide. The parliaments of many democracies France, Germany, Spain, the Netherlands, Russia, Greece and Canada, for example, recognise it explicitly, as do 43 states of the US. The problem is that Turkey neuralgic on the subject (the word used privately by the British Foreign Office to describe its attitude) has threatened reprisals and is too important geopolitically to provoke by affirming the genocide, lest it carry out threats to close its airbases to Nato and its borders to refugees. Thus Barack Obama, who roundly condemned the Armenian genocide in 2008 and promised to do so when elected president, dares not utter the g word. Instead, he calls it Meds Yeghern (Armenian for the great crime ) and asserts that his opinion has not changed, although you must Google his 2008 campaign speech to discover his opinion that it was genocide. As for Britain, the story is even stranger. No nation, in 1915, was more determined to expose and punish what it termed a crime against humanity . The evidence of the atrocities collected in Arnold Toynbee s Blue Book, although published by the government for p r o pa g a n d a p u r p o s e s , h a s withstood all attempts to discredit it. Winston Churchill condemned the infamous general massacre and deportation of Armenians in one administrative Holocaust , and Britain even attempted to put some of the perpetrators on trial in Malta, only to find that there was no international criminal law at the time to punish government officials for killing their own people. However, in recent years, the FCO has briefed ministers to call the events a tragedy but to deny genocide
because the evidence is not sufficiently unequivocal an oxymoronic term (something is either unequivocal or it is not). The FCO certainly knew that this genocide equivocation was dodgy: one internal memo obtained under the Freedom of Information Act admits that HMG is open to criticism in terms of the ethical dimension. But given the importance of our relations (political, strategic and commercial) with Turkey the current line is the only feasible option. Ministers were also advised to avoid attendance at any commemoration of the Armenian genocide, and to avoid any mention of it at Holocaust Day memorials. This position could not hold, especially after the International Court of Justice declared the Bosnian Serbs guilty of genocide at Srebrenica, for killing 8,000 men and deporting up to 25,000 women and children. The claim that the evidence is not sufficiently unequivocal was then abandoned by the FCO (although the Turkish government website claims that this is still the UK s position), and the search began for a formula that could answer the question: Will HMG recognise the Armenian genocide? without answering the question. Now, the FCO claims to empathise with the suffering of the Armenian people in the tragedy of 1915, and says it is not for governments to decide a complex legal question . It has thus moved the line from genocide equivocation to genocide avoidance a move slightly in the right direction. Last year there was even talk at the FCO of giving to the Armenian Genocide Museum copies of some files in the National Archives attesting to the Ottoman atrocities: this was turned down, ostensibly because the photocopying costs of £431.20 could not be afforded, but probably because the Turks would go ballistic. The FCO files recently recorded ministerial approval for more active participation in centenary events, but there has, as yet, been no lifting of the ban on reference to the Armenian genocide on Holocaust Memorial Day. The real test of this government s willingness to accept historical truth
A vexed Geoffrey Robertson (with Amal Clooney) follow the hearings of Perincek vs. Switzerland at the ECHR, January 28, Strasbourg, France.
will be whether it sends a senior minister or any minister at all to the genocide commemoration in Yerevan, the Armenian capital, on 24 April. Ministers will be present at Gallipoli for the centenary of the illfated British-Anzac Dardanelles landing on 25 April, and it would be simple for them to fly there from Yerevan, were it not for the certainty that Turkey would deny them entry. The Dardanelles landings were in fact the trigger for the commencement of the genocide, and (together with Russian military activity on Turkey s eastern front) were used as an excuse for the destruction of the Armenians, on the pretext that they might support the allied invasion. But the evidence of the government s genocidal intent is overwhelming, coming as it does from appalled German and Italian diplomats and neutral Americans, to whom the Young Turk leaders admitted that they were going to eliminate the Armenian problem by eliminating the Armenians. There can never be justification for genocide. This was understood by Raphael Lemkin, the Polish lawyer who coined the word and worked tirelessly to have the annihilation of the Armenians recognised as an international crime. In 1948 the UN s Genocide Convention achieved Lemkin s objective. Its definition of the crime includes the destruction of part of a racial or religious group by, for example, inflicting on it life-
threatening conditions (such as death marches). Applied to 1915, this produces a verdict of guilt, beyond reasonable doubt. It was, of course, a century ago: does it still matter? A century is just within living memory: last year a 103-year-old woman, once a small child carried by her mother across burning sands, took tea with Obama and the world s most famous Armenian descendant (Kim Kardashian!). The mental scars and psychological trauma for the children and grandchildren of survivors throughout the diaspora will continue until Turkey acknowledges the crime, and offers an apology. International law may provide some assistance: there are assets expropriated in 1915 that can still be traced, and many ruined churches that can be restored and returned. Armenians want restoration of their historic lands in eastern Turkey, which is asking too much (although I have suggested that the majestic Mount Ararat, overlooking Yerevan, might be handed over by Turkey as an act of reconciliation). But what they want most is what they are plainly entitled to have: an acknowledgment from Turkey, and for that matter from the UK, that what happened to their people in 1915 was not a tragedy but a crime. A crime against humanity as Britain said in 1915, and should, in 2015, repeat. The Guardian
The Centennial Commemoration Is About Truth, Memory and Justice, Not Hatred
It is 2015. Soon, we will start commemorating the centennial of the Armenian Genocide and pay tribute to the memory of some 1.5 million victims of the Young Turk regime of the Ottoman Empire. We will also pay tribute to the memory of those few Turks, Kurds, Arabs and others who risked their own lives to help Armenians escape certain death. There are several reasons why we should remember especially those courageous Turks who, first and foremost, objected to the mass deportation and murder of their Armenian neighbors by their own government and countrymen. Second, they did not become by-standers, and swayed by religious piety and their respect for human life and dignity
saved some of the Armenians, with compassion and care. Third, it gives a more positive basis for Turks and Armenians to look together at 1915 as part of their shared history. No one knows how many individual acts of courage and humanity occurred during that period of horror and death. One such person, Haji Khalil, a devoted Muslim and a righteous Turk, was my grandfather's business partner. He had promised my grandfather he would care for his family in case of misfortune. When the disaster greater than anything either of them could have imagined struck, my grandfather, Krikor, was hung just for being an Armenian. But Haji Khalil kept his promise. He hid my grandmother, her sister and their seven children in the attic of his house in Urfa
for almost a year. He fed and cared for them and saw them to safety to Aleppo. He did this knowing well that whoever saved Armenians could have shared their fate of death and destruction. Some twenty years ago, in April of 1995, I shared the story of Haji Khalil from the podium at an International conference entitled, "Problems of Genocide" in Yerevan, which the Zoryan Institute had co-sponsored with the Armenian government. I concluded my speech by saying: I want to extend my hand to the people of Turkey, to ask them to remember that though at one time their state was led by mass murderers, they also had their Haji Khalils, and that it would honor the memory
of the latter to acknowledge the overwhelming truth of the Genocide, to express regrets, so that the healing process may begin between our two peoples. As a result of my speech, one of the scholars participating in the conference, Taner Akçam, approached me with tears in his eyes, hugged me and started telling me things in Turkish that I could not understand. But, I could feel his warmth and his sincerity in trying to tell me that he acknowledged and shared the trauma and the pain that I was experiencing at that moment. The next day we attended a memorial service in Etchmiadzin, the Holy See of Armenian Church. There, I took him by the hand and asked him to join me in lighting two candles, cont. page 32
ARMENIAN GENOCIDE
Turkey calls for a new beginning with Armenia
Turkish Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoglu
(AFP)- Turkish Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoglu on Tuesday called for a "new beginning" in relations between Turkey and Armenians scarred by a bitter historical dispute over mass killings during World War I. But modern Turkey has always vehemently resisted terming the mass killings as genocide, saying there were heavy casualties on both sides as Ottoman forces battled Russian troops for control of eastern Anatolia in 1915. Last year President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, then premier, offered an unprecedented expression of condolence for the massacres of Armenians. But this month Erdogan said he would "actively" challenge a campaign to pressure Turkey to recognise genocide during the 100th
anniversary year. "Only by breaking taboos can we hope to begin addressing the great trauma that froze time in 1915," said Davutoglu. Dink, 52, was shot dead in broad daylight outside the offices of his bilingual newspaper in Istanbul in January 2007 in a killing that shocked both countries. Despite the cautious overtures of the Turkish government, many Armenians remain deeply suspicious of Ankara's intentions during the centenary year of the 1915 tragedy. Armenian commentators have angrily accused Turkey of trying to eclipse its commemorations of the tragedy by apparently moving forward by one day Turkish ceremonies to mark the 1915 Gallipoli landings in World War I. The resistance by Ottoman forces at the battle is seen as their greatest hour in World War I and a key moment in the foundation of the nation state. Although the anniversary is usually marked on April 25, the Gallipoli ceremony has been brought forward to April 24, exactly the same day as major commemorative events are planned in Yerevan. Armenian President Serzh Sarkisian has not accepted an invitation from Erdogan to attend the Gallipoli ceremonies, accusing him of trying to "divert world attention from the activities marking centennial of the Armenian genocide."
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Sarkisian: Turkey Is Perfecting Distortion of History
(A.W.) In a strongly worded letter, President Serge Sarkisian on January 16 responded to Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan s invitation to Turkey on April 24, to attend commemoration ceremonies marking the centennial of the World War I Gallipoli campaign. Turkey continues its conventional denial policy and is perfecting its instrumentation for distorting history. This time, Turkey is marking the 100th anniversary of the Battle of Gallipoli on April 24, even though the battle began on March 18, 1915 and lasted until late January 1916, while the Allies operation started on April 25, wrote Sarkisian, adding, What is the purpose [of this] if not to distract the world s attention from the 100th anniversary of the Armenian Genocide? A Turkish government official said AFP reports. Erdogan has sent an invitation to Sarkisian I believe that both the foreign ministry because Armenians, among other ethnic and the relevant institutions will actively groups, also fought at Gallipoli as part of the counter those allegations, Erdogan told Ottoman Army. We fought together in Gallipoli. Turkey s ambassadors in a keynote speech, That s why we have extended the invitation adding that discussions were already under to Sarkisian as well, the official was quoted way to detail an action plan. as saying. One of the sessions at the annual In his letter, Sarkisian chose to highlight ambassadors conference this week in Ankara the case of one Armenian, artilleryman Captain focuses on defining a strategy to counter a Sargis Torosyan, who loyally served in the campaign by Armenia and the Armenian Ottoman Army and fought in the Battle of diaspora who want Turkey to recognize the Gallipoli and in return, his family was brutally 1915 killings at the hands of the Ottoman massacred and deported. The wave of Tu r k i s h g o v e r n m e n t a s g e n o c i d e . massacres and forceful deportations planned Erdogan accused Armenia of expending and perpetrated by the Ottoman Empire its energy on genocide claims despite against the Armenian people did not bypass Turkey s will to normalize bilateral ties and Sargis Torosyan, Sarkisian wrote. [H]is politicizing the issue by imposing its own parents were among the 1.5 million victims biased viewpoint. of the genocide, while his sister perished in
Erdogan Vows to Counter Genocide Recognition Campaign
Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan said Ankara would actively challenge campaigns pressuring Turkey and other states to recognize the Armenian Genocide on the 100th anniversary of the tragedy this year,
25
the Syrian desert. Peace and friendship must first be hinged on the courage to confront one s own past, historical justice, and universal memory, Sarkisian continued, and urged Erdogan to substantiate his calls for world peace by calling on the world to recognize the Armenian Genocide. Each of us has a duty to transmit the real story to the future generations, and prevent the repetition of crimes and prepare the ground for rapprochement and future cooperation between peoples, especially neighboring peoples, he added. Erdogan has sent invitations to more than 100 heads of states. According to Hurriyet Daily, Turkish Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoglu has also sent invitation letters to his counterparts. Britain s Prince Charles and his two sons will reportedly be present at the ceremonies commemorating the Battle of Gallipoli, as will Australia s and New Zealand s prime ministers. Around 8,500 Australians and 2,000 New Zealanders are also expected to participate in the April 24 ceremonies. On April 23, a Summit of Peace is being planned to mark the 95th anniversary of the establishment of the Turkish Parliament, according to Turkish sources. Meanwhile, during a joint press conference with Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev on Jan. 15, Erdogan said, We sent invitations to many heads of states and governments for April 24. We will be together with my brother Ilham Aliyev on April 24 in Canakkale [Turkey].
Mehcupyan: Turkey should engage with Armenia, not Armenian diaspora Turkey should turn the centenary of the Armenian Genocide into an opportunity to engage with the Armenian state and society rather than the Armenian diaspora, the Turkish prime minister s adviser Etyen Mahçupyan has said, claiming that the Armenian state is more open to dialogue, Hurriyet Daily News reports. Mahçupyan said reciprocal steps by Turkey and Armenia on the centenary of the 1915 genocide would change relations between the two states in a healing way, adding that the initial phase should be between Turkey and Armenia, rather than the Armenian diaspora. Armenia and its society are more ready to engage with Turkey than the diaspora. But because we hear the state s voice and as the state speaks as a state, it seems bold, Mahçupyan was quoted as saying by Hurriyet Daily.
Claiming that when one speaks to the people on the streets of Armenia, one can understand that they are seeking closure, Mahçupyan said the same was true for Turkey. He added that although the two nations were the children of the same culture and there was a longing between them, the world s current state system had drawn borders between nations, making inter-state relations more formal and cold. Commenting on Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan s invitation to Armenian President Serzh Sarkisian to attend a ceremony marking the centenary of the Battle of Gallipoli which Turkey incidentally scheduled to take place on April 24, the day Armenians mark the Armenian Genocide every year Mahçupyan said the invitation was made to the entire
world, including Armenia. The adviser also said that many Armenians soldiers had died for the Ottoman Empire in the Battle of Gallipoli, so the ceremony would naturally be of interest to the Armenian state. But states might not act with moral responsibilities. They hold a more self-serving and bargaining perspective, said Mahçupyan, referring to Sarkisian s decision to decline the invitation, but failing to mention Erdogan s decision to respond to an earlier invitation from Sarkisian to attend commemoration events for the Armenian Genocide in Yerevan. The Turkish government to this day refuses to acknowledge that the systematic, state-sponsored murder of 1.5 million Armenians and the exile of Armenians from their historic homelands constitutes a genocide. Instead, the Turkish state claims that
Etyen Mahcupyan
it was Armenians who killed Turks and that Armenians were relocated from their homes for their own safety. Writers and public figures in Turkey
are arrested regularly for speaking about the Armenian Genocide, which is illegal in Turkey under certain circumstances.
2015 ARMENIAN GENOCIDE î²ðÆ, ÂÆô 112 26 Ä.öºîðàô²ð Israel President implicitly recognizes Armenian Genocide during General Assembly Holocaust memorial
Haaretz - Israel President Reuven Rivlin told the UN General Assembly on Wednesday that "cynical" accusations against Israel of genocide and war crimes harm the world body's ability to fight the real thing. Speaking at the assembly's ceremony marking International Holocaust Remembrance Day, Rivlin mentioned the 1915 Armenian Genocide the killing of more than one million Armenian nationals by Turkey which is not recognized as genocide by Israel. Rivlin called on the United Nations to set red lines beyond which it would intervene to stop acts of genocide. He then said:"At the same time we must remember that the setting of red lines requires us to stop diluting and cynically exploiting them in the name of pseudo objectivity, as is done in the rhetoric of human rights with the use of terms such as 'genocide' for political purposes." Citing the "disgraceful" UN resolution,
later struck down, that equated Zionism with "its greatest enemy" racism, Rivlin continued: "Nonetheless, absurd comparisons such as this one, which we as Israelis are exposed to constantly... not only confuse the ally with the enemy, but they undermine this house's ability to effectively fight the phenomenon of genocide." In his introduction, delivered in English, Rivlin called attention to the current clashes in the north, saying they represented Israel's fight against the global challenge of "terrorism." "I stand before you at a time of great tension in our region. My heart and my thoughts are with my people in Israel. Terrorism does not distinguish between blood. In this war, all of us, all the nations united, countries of the free world, must form a united front," Rivlin said. He delivered the body of his speech in Hebrew "the same language in which my
Armenians more than anyone empathize with Jewish people s pain, Sarkissian says on Holocaust Remembrance Day
Holocaust memorial in Berlin
(Armenianow) - It would perhaps have been possible to prevent the mass extermination of Jews during World Would Two had the WWI crimes against humanity been fully condemned by the international community and those responsible for them been duly punished, Armenian President Serzh Sarkissian said in his January 27 address on International Holocaust Remembrance Day. The Armenian leader, in particular, referred to the mass killings of Armenians in Ottoman Turkey during the years of the First
World War that constituted the first genocide of the 20th century. The Armenian people, who are commemorating the 100th anniversary of the Armenian Genocide this year, more than anyone empathize with the pain of the Jewish people, Sarkissian stressed, according to his press service. We reaffirm our commitment to jointly struggle for the prevention of crimes aimed against humanity with our determination to say Never Again , the Armenian leader concluded. The Genocide of the Jewish people known as Holocaust is also internationally remembered on January 27, the day when in 1945 advancing Soviet troops liberated Auschwitz, a concentration camp built by Nazi Germany in Poland. An estimated 1.1 million prisoners, around 90 percent of them being Jews, were exterminated at Auschwitz in 1941-1945. Many of the victims were killed in notorious gas chambers, others died of starvation, forced labor, infectious diseases, individual executions and medical experiments. The bodies of the victims were burned in incinerators.
Israel President Reuven Rivlin speaks at the UN General Assembly
fellow Jews cried 'Shma Yisrael' as they were marched to the gas chambers. The language
of my brothers and sisters, whose memory we honor today."
Israeli Activist Says No Justification for Opposition to Genocide Recognition Renowned Israeli human rights activist Yaron Weiss in an interview with Noyan Tapan Cultural Centre said there is no justification for Israel s opposition to the recognition of the Armenian Genocide. Weiss has served as a tourist guide in Armenia and Georgia, advising backpackers and other travelers on their journeys through Armenia and Artsakh. He has also spent time promoting the recognition of the Armenian Genocide and the prevention of arms sales from Israel to Azerbaijan. For me, Armenia and Artsakh are Heaven, Weiss said during his interview. The Armenian hospitality is one of the best in the world. The landscapes in Armenia are stunning: rich culture and fascinating history. All this makes Armenia one of the most attractive countries in the world with great potential for tourism. After my visit to Armenia and reading a lot of academic researches and books on the subject, I felt shame that my country does not recognize the Armenian Genocide, Weiss said. The Jewish people who survived the
Holocaust must recognize the crimes that took place against other nations. There is no justification that the government of Israel hasn t yet recognized the Armenian Genocide. So I am working to change this reality. Weiss said he was disappointed to hear that Israeli President Reuven Rivlin, formerly an advocate for recognizing the Genocide, refused to renew his signature on a petition calling for recognition of the Armenian Genocide. Weiss said he believes Rivlin was p r e s s u r e d b y p o l i t i c a l e l e m e n ts . But I have a feeling he will still surprise us in the future and his refusal to sign now is part of a political tactic, Weiss added. On the 99th anniversary of the Armenian Genocide, on April 24, 2014, Weiss spoke in front of the Turkish embassy in Tel Aviv, where he called on the Israeli government to stop supplying weapons to Azerbaijan. Azerbaijan is one of the few countries in the world that declares openly they need weapons for attacking a neighboring country, Weiss said.
Armenia s Jewish Community Leader Lashes out at Pro-Azeri Propagandists By Harut Sassounian Rimma Varzhapetyan-Feller, President of the Jewish Community of Armenia, recently wrote a scathing article titled, "World Jewry cannot become a tool in the hands of antiArmenian propagators." She criticized all those who engage in such propaganda for writing "ordered and one-sided articles...in pursuit of profits." Such writers attempt to exploit Israeli political circles and glorify Azeri-Israeli relations, which consist mostly arms-for-oil deals, in order to isolate and weaken Armenia. Mrs. Feller mentions as examples of antiArmenian propaganda recent articles by Maxime Gauin and Alexander Murinson in Haaretz, Arye Gut in JNS.com, and Alexander Murinson in The Hill. According to Mrs. Feller, "The biography and activity of these authors leaves no doubt about the one-sidedness of their analysis. Maxime Gauin, who presents Armenia as an anti-Semitic country, himself publicly supports the ultra-right party of Turkey, the Nationalist Movement Party. Apart from its stated position
supporting the denial of the Armenian Genocide, that party is known for propagating anti-Semitism and xenophobia. Yet, Gauin turns a blind eye to this." Feller further asserts that "Arye Gut has for quite a long time been at the service of the Azerbaijani propaganda machine, and is a member of the Azerbaijan-Israel International Association. Alexander Murinson takes as a reality his doctoral thesis that Azerbaijan, Turkey, and Israel are an entente alliance -and develops the idea that the enemy of one of these states is the enemy of all three." The head of the Jewish community in Armenia explains that anti-Semitism exists in every corner of the world, including Armenia. Such manifestations, according to Mrs. Feller, "never enjoyed the support either of authorities, or more or less influential social and political entities. The Jewish community feels itself protected in Armenia, and the authorities respect their rights, culture, and traditions." Mrs. Feller is also highly critical of Pres. Aliyev: "It is no secret what methods the dictator of Azerbaijan is using to mold opinions
in the West; in fact, they ve been mentioned by many highly influential publications, such as the New York Times in September 2014 and Foreign Policy magazine in June 2014. Influential international Jewish structures should not allow themselves to get involved in such speculations." Mrs. Feller mentions several examples of rampant anti-Semitism in Azerbaijan. "In the 1990 s, when bandits from the People s Front of Azerbaijan organized and committed pogroms against the Armenian population in Azerbaijan, one of the slogans used was: Azerbaijan will prosper without Jews and Armenians. No matter how hard the authorities of Azerbaijan try to present themselves as friends of Israel, they cannot be friends of the Jewish people. If there is anyone who doubts this argument, I urge them to read the publications on the numerous, flagrant human rights violations by the Aliyev administration, or, at least, the articles on the funding of antiJewish demonstrations in Europe. There is no doubt that Azerbaijan is using its relations with Iran and Israel, and presenting itself in Israel as the most reliable regional partner in
its policy against Iran. Clearly, the leaders of Azerbaijan are playing a dangerous game if they think they will succeed in using Israel and world Jewry to promote their personal interests." The righteous Jewish community leader then condemns Cong. Steve Stockman (RTexas) -- who is known for his pro-Azerbaijani views -- for inserting Arye Gut's propagandist article in the Congressional Record. "This was overtly disrespectful, not only to the voters in Stockman s district but also to American democracy. The promotion of ordered and false articles should not be allowed to echo from the rostrum of America s legislative power. One should not be able to present hate propaganda and promote the agenda and interests of a dictator as an expression of freedom of speech, especially when it uses Jews, in particular, the Jewish community of Armenia." Feller concludes her article by rightly warning "the Jewish community of the United States to stay alert and condemn any attempt to exploit the Jewish factor in such a despicable way by certain political circles."
27 Zuart Sudjian Sues Turkey to Reclaim Her Family Lands Diyarbakir Airport ARMENIAN GENOCIDE
Harut Sassounian Armenians are in the process of organizing thousands of events all over the world to commemorate the Centennial of the Armenian Genocide. These events aim to remind the world about the mass atrocities committed by Ottoman Turkey from 1915 to 1923 with the expectation that the international community w o u l d c o m p e l t h e Tu r k i s h government to face its sordid past and restore the rights of genocide descendants. There is, however, a faster and more efficient way legal action to accomplish this honorable objective. In recent years, several Armenian-American lawyers have filed class action lawsuits with some success against insurance companies in US Federal Courts. Various other lawsuits are still pending. On the eve of the Centennial, both the Armenian government and some Diaspora groups are considering the possibility of filing lawsuits against Turkey in international courts. However, such serious legal action should only be undertaken by international law experts and not by well-meaning Armenian individuals or community groups. If mishandled, these lawsuits
could have a lasting devastating effect on legitimate Armenian demands from Turkey. Last September, His Holiness Catholicos Aram I of the Great House of Cilicia announced that he was planning to file a lawsuit in Turkey to reclaim church properties owned by the Catholicosate in Sis, Cilicia, prior to the Genocide. Should the Turkish court reject this lawsuit, the Catholicosate of Cilicia would then appeal the ruling to the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR). Recently, the Turkish press reported that Armenian-American Zuart Sudjian had filed a lawsuit reclaiming the land that had belonged to her mother s family the Basmajians on which Diyarbakir Airport is located. I spoke with the 94-year-old Mrs. Sudjian in New York (not in California as reported by the Turkish press), who told me that after being forced to leave Diyarbakir following the Armenian Genocide, her family first moved to Lebanon, then Cuba (not Korea) and finally settled in the United States. Sudjian family s property was expropriated by the Turkish government in 1967, after putting an announcement in a local newspaper and claiming that the owners could not be found.
Several years ago, Sudjian s attorney Ali Elbeyoglu filed a lawsuit on her behalf in Turkey seeking the return of her inheritance. The court turned down her request in April 2013, claiming that the 10-year statute of limitation had expired. The Court of Appeals reversed the lower court s ruling and demanded a rehearing of the case, affirming that Sudjian could not have been aware of the legal announcement placed in a local Diyarbakir newspaper prior to the property s confiscation. At a minimum, the Court declared that the ad should have been placed in a Turkish paper with nationwide circulation. Attorney Elbeyoglu explained that the confiscation of Sudjian s property violated the protection of private property rights as defined by the European Convention of Human Rights. Even if Sudjian were to win her lawsuit, it is unlikely that the Turkish government would return the very valuable land worth tens of millions of dollars on which Diyarbakir s military and civilian airports are located. That was the reason her lawyer told Milliyet newspaper that Sudjian was seeking compensation only for the value of her family s property. Lawyer Elbeyoglu also told Milliyet that winning Sudjian s case
Vural: Will The Turkish Government Transfer Land to Armenia? (Zaman) - A leading opposition figure has claimed that the government is preparing to offer some land to Armenians as the 100th anniversary of the mass deportation of Armenians from Anatolia by the Ottoman State approaches. I know the AKP [ruling Justice and Development] has an ongoing project [on the issue]. A professor has been advising and working on the transfer of land to Armenians who will be brought to Turkey, Oktay Vural, deputy chairman of the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP), told Today's Zaman. The Armenian diaspora claims as their own the land of the former presidential residence in Ankara and some land in stanbul's Yesilkoy district. Vural demanded to know if it was a coincidence that the government earlier said stanbul Ataturk Airport in the city's Yesilkoy district would be removed. The former presidential residence, known as Cankaya presidential palace, was in service until President Recep Tayyip Erdogan was elected president in August last year. Erdogan lives instead in a recently built presidential palace, while the former presidential residence will be, Erdogan previously said, allocated to the Prime Ministry. Vural said: Will [ stanbul] Ataturk Airport and Cankaya presidential palace be given to meet the demands of the Armenian diaspora? Is it a coincidence that they are being evacuated at this particular juncture? Armenians, as well as more than 20 countries and 41 states in the US, accept the deportation of Armenians
that began in April of 1915 as genocide. According to Vural, the issue should be left for historians to discuss. Taking steps to legitimize demands by Armenians for land and reparations would lead to the trial of history, Vural said, underlining that the issue should be kept outside the realm of politics. Such an attitude would render Turks into being slaves on their own land, Vural maintained. Are we going to retry history by legitimizing the demands of those who ask for Cankaya presidential palace and the Ataturk airport in Yesilkoy? What will the AK Party say if some others demand to have stanbul back saying it used to be called Constantinople? Vural said. He added: Those who seek to bring old issues under the spotlight should know that history cannot be undone by a political trial. Noting that some Turkish foundations used to have properties in Greek Cyprus, which used to be part of the Ottoman Empire, Vural demanded to know if the government would make a claim on those properties together with those in the same category in Palestine. Legitimizing Armenians' demand for land and reparations would not serve anybody's interest, Vural said, warning that such a step would be a heavy burden on those who took it. Many scholars in Turkey say the deportation of Armenians was a necessity as some of the Armenians in Eastern Anatolia collaborated with Russian forces against the Ottoman army in fighting that took place several months before the deportation began.
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Diyarbakir Airport
would open the door for many more such cases. Significantly, the Turkish newspaper subtitled its article, Hope for the Diaspora. The Turkish media failed to point out that if the Court of Appeals ruled against Sudjian s claim, she could then take her case to the European Court of Human Rights. A positive ruling from ECHR would open the floodgates of lawsuits by Armenians worldwide whose ancestors had properties that were confiscated by the Turkish government during the Armenian Genocide. There are countless other valuable properties in Turkey that were confiscated from Armenians,
including: The Presidential Palace in Ankara, until recently occupied by Erdogan and previous Turkish presidents, is located on land owned b y t h e K a s s a b i a n f a m i l y. Istanbul s Ataturk Airport is partly built on land owned by the Kevork S a r i a n f a m i l y f r o m Va n . The US Air Base at Injirlik is located on land owned by several Armenian families who have filed a lawsuit in US Federal Court against the Turkish government. These properties and thousands of others should be returned to their rightful owners as partial restitutive justice Turkey owes to the Armenian people.
Entering 1915 Gengiz Aktar Who knows, all the evil haunting us, the endless mass killings and our inability to recover from afflictions may be due to a century-old curse and a century-old lie. What do you think? This is perhaps the malediction uttered by Armenians -- children, civilian women and men alike -- who died moaning and buried without a coffin. It may be the storms created in our souls by the still-agonizing specters of all our ill-fated citizens, including Greeks and Syriacs and later, Alevis and Kurds. Perhaps the massacres that have not been accounted for since 1915 and the prices that have remained unpaid are now being paid back in different venues by the grandchildren. The curses uttered in return for the lives taken, the lives stolen, the homes plundered, the churches destroyed, the schools confiscated and the property extorted... "May God make you pay for it for all your offspring to come." Are we paying back the price of all the injustices committed so far? Does repayment manifest itself in the form of the audacity of being unable to confront our past sins or in the form of indecency, which has become our habit due to our chronic indulgence in unfairness? It seems as if our society has been decaying for a century, festering all around. Despite this century-old malediction, 2015 will pass with the debate, "Was there really genocide?" remaining unanswered. We will watch how the current tenants of the state exert vast efforts to cover up this shame and postpone any move to confront it. If it were in their hands, they would just skip the year 2015. The denialist prose that consists of three wizened arguments, which amount to upheaval, collaboration with the enemy and victimization -- it is the Armenians who killed us -- will continue to be parroted in a series of conferences. And we will dance to our own tunes. On April 24-25, 2015 an official ceremony will be held on the occasion of Anzac Day in Gallipoli, not in connection with the genocide. And we will hear abundant tales about heroism in the Dardanelles. But we will find none to listen to our narrative. How many more maledictions need to happen to us before we will be inclined: - To reckon with our bloody nation-building process?
- To know and remember how an innocuous, hardworking, productive, talented and peaceful people were destroyed by the warrior people of Anatolia and to empathize with their grandchildren in remembrance? - To feel the gist of the tyranny that made unfortunate Armenians cry, "Ur eir Astvadz" (Where were you God?) in the summer of 1915, which was as dark and cold as death? - To realize that the population of Armenians has dwindled from millions in 1915's Ottoman Empire to virtually none today. The remaining Armenians have either concealed their true identities or were converted to Islam, after sweeping aside the puzzle, "Was it genocide or not?" or the question "Who killed whom?" and purely listening to our conscience? - To understand, as Hrant Dink put it, a full-fledged cultural genocide and the loss of a tremendous amount of civilization? - To realize that the biggest loss to this country is that non-Muslim citizens of this land no longer live here? - To comprehend why the genocide -- which Armenians of those dark days would refer to as the Great Catastrophe (Meds Yeghern) -- is a disaster that befell not only Armenians, but the entire country? - To see that the loss of our non-Muslim citizens who were killed, banished or forced to flee amounts to the loss of brainpower, bourgeoisie, culture and civilization? - To calculate the curse of the goods, property and children confiscated? - To duly understand the wisdom of the author Ya ar Kemal, who wrote: "Another bird cannot prosper in an abandoned nest; the one who destroys a nest cannot have a nest; oppression breeds oppression"? - To even realize that those who would reject all the aforementioned points would do so because of a loss wisdom deriving from the genocide. The Armenian genocide is the Great Catastrophe of Anatolia, and the mother of all taboos in this land. Its curse will continue to haunt us as long as we fail to talk about, recognize, understand and reckon with it. Its centennial anniversary actually offers us a historic opportunity to dispense with our habits, understand the Other and start with the collective therapy.
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ARMENIA
Eight Things That Don t Add Up About Gyumri Murders By Marianna Grigoryan
native like Permyakov.
(EurasiaNet)- Two weeks after the killing of a family in the northern Armenian town of Gyumri, there are more questions than answers concerning the actions and motives of the individual accused of committing the mass murder, 18-year-old Russian army private, Valery Permyakov. Some answers may seem straightforward, while others, given the case s sensitivity, may never be disclosed by Armenian and Russian investigators. According to the official charges against him, Permyakov entered the Avetisian household in Gyumri in the early morning of January 12, supposedly seeking a drink of water. He allegedly shot or stabbed to death all seven members of the family; supposedly from fear that the Avetisians would inform the 102nd Russian army base in Gyumri that he had deserted. Six died on the spot; the seventh victim, six-month-old Seryozha Avetisian, died on January 19. A Russian military tribunal in Armenia will try Permyakov, but the name of his lawyer - a Russian citizen who lives in Armenia -has not been disclosed, according to the Russian news service Interfax. Both countries have set up parliamentary commissions to monitor investigators work, and officials from both countries have repeatedly pledged that justice will be served. But the Armenian public remains skeptical: protesters again took to the streets on January 26 in the Armenian capital, Yerevan, to demand that Permyakov face trial in an Armenian court. Given the public wariness, the lingering questions surrounding the criminal investigation could become a political liability for the Armenian government. The central, unanswered questions surrounding Permyakov s actions are:
2. How Did Permyakov Enter the Victims House?
1. Why Desert with Only a Gun and Bullets? Armenian investigators say that Permyakov left the 102nd army base in Gyumri at 4am on January 12 with an AK-74 rifle. Permyakov himself is reported as saying he went to take a stroll. Yet many question why Permyakov would choose to abandon his post with no supplies other than a gun and bullets. According to the government s weather service, ArmHydMed, area temperatures on January 12 fell to 17 to 20 degrees Celsius below zero a frigid low even for a Siberian
The Avetisians lived in a gated, private house in the center of Gyumri, some three to four kilometers from the 102nd army base. Neighbors have told reporters that the family usually left the gate unlocked. A new, stronger door was purchased for the house two days before the murders. Armenia s special investigation service claims that Permyakov broke a window to enter the house. The defendant says only that he wanted to drink water. He claims that he did not know the family, nor do the Avetisians relatives know of any previous ties. Investigators, though, have not disclosed any hypothesis as to why he chose this particular Six-months old Seryoja, the 7th member of the brutally killed Avetisyan family, laid to rest in gated house in his alleged search for water. Gyumri. The crime sparked popular protests and grief in Armenia. 3. If Permyakov Wanted Water, Why Not Just Ask? To many locals, long accustomed to sharing food and cigarettes with Russian soldiers, this is the strangest question. Permyakov was a recent arrival, but those posting on the 102nd base s page on the Russian social network VKontakte speak openly about Gyumri traditions of hospitality toward soldiers in need. 4. Did Permyakov Encounter Resistance In a January 17 interview with Aysor.am, Armenian attorney, Tamara Yayloian, who initially attended Permyakov s interrogations, claimed that the soldier said that he had shot the first Avetisian, a man, when he reached for the phone after waking up, seeing him, and yelling. After hearing voices in an adjacent room, Permyakov alleges that he entered and killed two people there. He then supposedly moved into the third adjoining room, and shot dead three of its occupants and, when his gun misfired, stabbed six-month-old Seryozha Avetisian with his bayonet. A corridor connects all three rooms. To many, that raises the expectation that the occupants of the other rooms would have awoken at the sound of gunfire, and tried to stop the intruder, who would not have known his way in the house in the dark. Video from the crime scene, however, shows six of the seven family members dead in their beds. Some openly question if Permyakov
Armenia Officially Joins Eurasian Economic Union Heads of states of EEU member countries Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Russia and prospective member Kyrgyzstan at an economic summit in Moscow Armenia officially joined the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU) on Friday, banding together with Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus in a Moscow-led project. As part of a deal signed last October, Armenia will have limited representation in the economic union until the end of 2015. Three Armenian members will share one vote in the union s governing body, the Eurasian Economic Commission, TASS news agency reports. Kyrgyzstan is also set to join the Union on May 1. Armenia s entry into the EEU means it will have to gradually transition to a unified tariff system with the Union s other members, with 2022 set as the deadline for the full transition, TASS reports. Representatives of Armenia were appointed to the Board of the Eurasian Economic Commission (EEC) and the Court
of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU). The resolution of the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council has been published on the EEC website, BelTA reports. Robert Harutyunyan, Karine Minasyan and Ara Nranyan have become members of the EEC Board (ministerial rank) on behalf of Armenia. In connection with these appointments, the EEC has been allowed to set up three additional secretariats of the new members of the board. In addition, the number of the EEC departments has been increased from 8 to 11. Armen Tumanyan and Erna Ayriyan have been appointed members of the EEU Court by another decision of the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council. Armenia s Vice Prime Minister and Minister of International Economic Integration and Reform Vache Gabrielyan has been nominated to the post of Member of the Council of the Eurasian Economic Commission. Armenia became member of the Eurasian Economic Union on 2 January.
acted alone, but no evidence exists to support such speculation. 5. Why Did No One Hear the Shots? The Avetisians lived in the center of Gyumri, a city of 146,355 people, on a street not far from the city hall and train station. Neighbors houses were just meters away. Yet, surprisingly, though investigators say they have interviewed 30 witnesses, no information exists about anyone who reported hearing gunshots or other commotion.In a country where people take a keen interest in their neighbors activities, this also arouses suspicions. Armenian investigators estimate that the killings occurred at about 6am a time of day when, people could hear a pin drop in a neighbor s residence, criminologist Sergei Galoian told a January 14 news conference. The Avetisians next-door neighbor, Rita Petrosian, a relative of the family, only discovered the murders around noon when she went to the house for a usual coffee. Official reports make no mention of a silencer. 6. Did Someone Tamper with the Crime Scene? Official reports state that military boots with Permyakov s name in them, an AK-74 rifle with 5.45-milimeter bullets, a cartridge with 30 bullets and one with a single bullet were found scattered at the scene. Permyakov s uniform was found carefully folded in the
house. According to the official story, Permyakov left the Avetisians house dressed in the clothes of the owner s son, Armen. An explanation as to why the suspect would be so careless as to leave behind such evidence remains unclear. 7. Why Did Nobody Notice Permyakov on the Run? While Gyumri may not be bustling in the early morning, a Russian man tramping solo by foot through the winter countryside toward the Turkish border is likely to have attracted someone s notice. Yet no details have been given about the exact location of Permyakov s arrest, how Russian border-guards recognized him, nor how, with a newcomer s knowledge of the area, he made it to the border on his own. In Armenia, where coverage of crime scenes is video-rich, this absence of information appears anomalous. 8. Why Was Permyakov Not Tested Earlier for Mental Illness? On January 24, the Russian news agency Interfax cited an unnamed source who reported that tests will be run in the nearest future to assess Permyakov s mental health, as well as to compare DNA samples. The tests will be conducted at the 102nd army base, according to the source. Reasons for waiting more than two weeks after the suspect s arrest to perform such analyses were not provided.
Armenia Threatens Stronger Military Action Against Azerbaijan (RFE/RL)- President Serzh Sarkisian accused Azerbaijan of again heightening tensions in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict zone and said the Armenian military could step up retaliatory strikes against Azerbaijani forces to prevent fresh truce violations. Addressing Armenia s top army generals and other military officials, Sarkisian said the latest upsurge in deadly fighting is part of the Azerbaijani leadership s continuing to efforts to clinch more Armenian concessions in peace talks mediated by the United States, Russia and France. This policy of blackmail will not influence Yerevan and can only have terrible consequences for Baku, he warned. Until recently our retaliatory operations were symmetric in form and asymmetric in terms of causing greater casualties, Sarkisian told a meeting held at the Armenian Defense Ministry. From now on, there can also be retaliatory actions that are asymmetric in form. Hotheads [in Azerbaijan] should expect numerous surprises. Furthermore, in case of greater and more threatening buildups on our border and the [Karabakh] Line of Contact we reserve the right to launch preemptive strikes. We are obliged to be ruthless towards
those who plot calamities for us, added the Karabakh-born president. '3f '3fSarkisian stressed at the same time that the Armenian side remains committed to a mutual compromise with Azerbaijan based on the Basic Principles of a Karabakh settlement put forward by the U.S., Russian and French mediators. But he went on to warn, We are prepared for both the good and the bad. All possible options are on my table. Defense Minister Seyran Ohanian already ordered the Armenian military on January 12 to launch preventive offensive operations in response to what he called a fresh upsurge in Azerbaijani armed incursions on its frontline positions. Deadly ceasefire violations along the Armenian-Azerbaijani border and the Karabakh frontline have continued unabated since then. The latest escalation, which the Azerbaijani military blames on the Armenians, has prompted serious concern from the three mediating powers and the U.S. in particular. The American, French and Russian diplomats co-heading the OSCE Minsk Group are due to discuss it with Azerbaijani Foreign Minister cont. page 29
COLUMNS
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Valentine s... it s part of my Armenian DNA! By Talyn Terzian Gilmour Ahhhh Valentine s Day. I love it. With Christmas and New Year s long behind us, retailers have already done the flip and it s a great way to forget about the cold! I don t care that it s contrived, artificial or just collusion between the card companies, chocolate companies and florists; Valentine s Day is a forced moment to stop and think about the one you love and to make that one person feel special. Now, if only I could control the HOW when that person is me I wonder why this holiday is given such credence? Some trace the roots of this holiday to St. Valentine, a Roman who was martyred for not giving up his Christianity. The holiday is apparently also gaining popularity in Armenia. When I googled Valentine s Day and Armenians I got an even more interesting response: Trndez, is a holiday dating back to pre-Christian times and celebrated on Valentine s Day. The holiday was connected with the fire/sun worship and thus coming of the spring and fertility. The main partakers of the feast are newly-married and loving couples who jump over the bonfire to sweep away evil and bring happiness into the home. The ceremony is followed by traditional songs and dances around the fire and people also light candles from the blessed fire to take their homes and keep until the following year. In Christian times, Trndez (or Tyarndarach and Candlemas Day) is a feast of purification in the Armenian Apostolic Church and Armenian Catholic Churches, celebrated 40 days after Jesus's birth. Interesting. So perhaps Armenians can also lay a small claim to Valentine s Day? Perhaps this is why I instinctively feel strongly about this holiday it s part of my Armenian DNA! I can t think of how many times I ve instigated an argument with Mr. Niceguy over my (perhaps ever-so-slightly) unrealistic expectations around Valentine s Day and I have to say, these discussions are always initiated at the END of the day when I realize that he did not get me the moon and stars for Valentine s this year. For example: -Me: Hmmm so anything special happen at work today? -Mr. Niceguy: Nope, just a typical day. -Me: Wasn t it extra pretty? Like lots of pink and red hearts in all the stores down there? I love the Valentine s day decorations -Mr. Niceguy: Ya. -Me: Remember back when we didn t have any kids? Oooh, and before we were married how you used to send me flowers and buy me my favourite candy for Valentine s Day? *wistful* How you d plan the whole day like the time you took me skating at City Hall and then we went to my favourite restaurant for dinner? -Mr. Niceguy: Didn t you plan that day and wasn t that the time you got really sick and called the restaurant the next day because you thought they served us tainted beef when it was actually the fact that you ordered the pan-fried butter steak, the buttery mushrooms, the cheesy baked potatoes and then the extra helping of creamy mashed potatoes? -Me: *HHHRRRMMMPPHH* Nooooooo not that time (thanks for bringing that up!) The time you took me to the romantic French restaurant with the bread baskets that hang from the pulleys, the gorgeous fireplace, the wonderful wine -Mr. Niceguy: Oh. Ya. Ummm -Me: *Losing patience* Why can t you plan a Valentine s Day for me anymore? Can you please plan one next year? Please? -Mr. Niceguy: Huh? What? I was just checking Arsenal s standings in the soccer league Ya. So that s the way it usually goes. But not this year. This year I m taking matters into my own hands. I m a smart, capable, educated woman who can totally be logical when she wants. In fact, I resent that last statement. I am ALWAYS logical. So if I want something, I m gonna make it happen. I am going to sweep Mr. Niceguy right off his feet! But wait I m the girl. And isn t Valentine s Day all about showing the girl how much you love her? Isn t it about courting, wooing and making your lady feel special? I don t want to take that away from Mr. Niceguy. Instead, I will trust that this year he will know exactly what to do but I may just resort to a plan to improve my odds Mr. Niceguy s absolute favourite meal in the whole wide world is roasted chicken and potatoes it s a comfort food that his mom used to make for him. Imagine the smells of a roasting chicken filling the home I wonder, could it be the key to Mr. Niceguy s heart? (Personally, hand me some of my mom s delicious dolma or my aunt s irresistible mantee and I m putty in anyone s hands!) Back to Mr. Niceguy. Tonight I decided to test my hypothesis and made his favourite dinner, except, when I went to lift the roasting pan out of the oven, I think I may have tweaked my finger it might have been heavy for just one hand but I carried it to the table all the same. After our meal, while I was doing the washing, I noticed a large purple bruise on the inside of my finger and recalled my doctor recently noted that I bruise easily HOLD ON. Am I a closet hemophiliac?! -Me: *Panic and concern with a dash of cute* Look at my finger! -Mr. Niceguy: *Sweetly* Oh! What d you do? -Me: *Coy and bashful batting my eyelashes* I don t know I think I hurt it while lifting the casserole do you think I m a borderline hemophiliac? I mean, I bruise so easily and when I cut myself it takes a while to stop bleeding -Mr. Niceguy: *Smiling as one would to a toddler* Oh no. I think if you were a hemophiliac, even a borderline hemophiliac, we would have known by now. I mean, true, you are special and lots of odd things have happened to you, but I wouldn t worry. Hypothesis validated. Such care and concern. So I will prepare a roasted chicken right before Valentine s Day, drop a hint or two and see where things take us. Who knows, maybe this year I ll get the sun and the moon and the stars and the flowers and the candy and the really hard to get reservations and the trendiest restaurant and a new bauble and and and .
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êñïÇ Ëûëù»ñáí »ÉáÛà áõÝ»ó³õ î³Ã»õ ºåë. Ú³Ïáµ»³Ý: ²Ý Áë³õ. §ÆÝÍÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ Ù»Í å³ïÇõ »õ áõñ³ËáõÃÇõÝ ¿ áñ Ñáë ÏÁ ·ïÝáõÇÙ Ùdzëݳµ³ñ ïûݳËÙµ»Éáõ »Ï»Õ»óõáÛ ï³ñ»¹³ñÓÁ »õ Ó»ñ ²é³çÝáñ¹ êñµ³½³ÝÇ Ó»éݳ¹ñáõÃÇõÝÝ áõ ûÍáõÙÁ ... ²Ý »Õ³Í ¿ ùë³Ý ï³ñÇÝ»ñáõ ÇÙ Ñá·»õáñ »Õµ³Ûñë: гٻëï µÝ³õáñáõû³Ý ï¿ñ ³ÝÓ ÙÁÝ ¿. ÏÁ ëÇñ¿ ¹ÇÙ³óÇÝÁ Çñ ³ÝÓÇÝ å¿ë¦: ²å³ ¼³ñ»Ñ ². øÑÝ. ¼³ñ·³ñ»³Ý ÷á˳Ýó»ó Çñ å³ï·³ÙÁ. §ö³é³µ³Ý³Ï³Ý ûñ ¿ ê. ºññáñ¹áõÃÇõÝ ºÏ»Õ»óÇÇÝ 86ñ¹ ï³ñ»¹³ñÓÁ: î³ñ³·ñáõûݿ »Ï³Í ËáõÙµ ÙÁ ѳÛáñ¹ÇÝ»ñ Ï»ñï»óÇÝ Ñ³Û »Ï»Õ»óÇÝ, áñáõÝ Û³çáñ¹»óÇÝ ¹åñáóÝ»ñ »õ Ï»¹ñáÝÝ»ñ¦, Áë³õ ³Ý: ²Ý ßÝáñѳϳÉáõÃÇõÝ Û³ÛïÝ»ó ÑÇõñ»ñáõÝ »õ »Ï»Õ»ó³Ï³Ý Ù³ñÙÇÝÝ»ñáõÝ£ ²å³ Ý»ñë µ»ñáõ»ó³Ý ½áÛ· ϳñϳݹ³ÏÝ»ñ ÓûÝáõ³Íª »Ï»Õ»óõáÛ ï³ñ»¹³ñÓÇÝ »õ êñµ³½³Ý Ðûñ: ÌË³Ï³Ý ÊáñÑáõñ¹Ç ·³ÝÓ³å³Ñ èá½ÇÝ ÆÙ³ëïáõÝ»³Ý ÁÝûñó»ó Û³ñ³ÏÇó Ù³ñÙÇÝÝ»ñáõ ÝáõÇñ³ïáõáõû³Ý ó³ÝÏÁ. îÇÏݳÝó ØÇáõÃÇõݪ 30,000, Ð³Û ÀÝï³ÝÇùÇ ú·Ýáõû³Ý ̳é³ÛáõÃÇõݪ 2,500, ê. ¶ÇñùÇ ë»ñïáÕáõû³Ý ËáõÙµª 1,500, §Ð³Ûñ»ÝÇù¦ ØÇáõÃÇõÝ »õ §ê»¹³ ´¿ï¿ñ»³Ý¦ ¶ñ³Ë³Ýáõê 1,000-³Ï³Ý, GolfÇ Û³ÝÓݳËáõÙµª 15,000, ø³Ûɳñß³õÇ Û³ÝÓݳËáõÙµª 6,000 ïáɳñ£ Úáõß³ï³Ëï³ÏÝ»ñáí å³ñ·»õ³ïñáõ»ó³Ý §î³ñáõ³Û ÎÇݦÁª ²ÉÇë ²ùã³ëáõ, §î³ñáõ³Û سñ¹¦Áª ê»õ³Ý êñÏ. Æß˳ݻ³Ý: ºñÇï³ë³ñ¹ ë»ñáõݹ¿Ý å³ñ·»õ³ïñáõ»ó³Ý úñ¹. êÇÉí³ âáõÉ×»³Ý »õ ð³ýýÇ äáÛ³×»³Ý ǵñ»õ §î³ñáõ³Û ºñÇï³ë³ñ¹áõÑǦ »õ §î³ñáõ³Û ºñÇï³ë³ñ¹¦: ä³ïáõáÛ ·Çñ ëï³ó³Ý ÌË³Ï³Ý ÊáñÑáõñ¹Ç ßñç³Ý³õ³ñï ³Ý¹³ÙÝ»ñ êï»÷³Ý ¾ùÙ¿ù×»³Ý »õ ¶ñÇ·áñ ²µ¿É: §î³ñáõ³Û úñÇݳϻÉÇ ÀÝï³ÝÇù¦ Ûáõß³ï³Ëï³ÏÇ ³ñųݳó³Ý ޳ѿ »õ سñdz ²ÉÃáõÝ»³Ý »õ Çñ»Ýó ½³õ³ÏÁª î³ñûÝ: ²é Ç ·Ý³Ñ³ï³Ýù Çñ »ñϳñ³Ù»³Û ͳé³Ûáõû³Ý, ê. ºññáñ¹áõÃÇõÝ Ð³Ûó. ²é³ù. ºÏ»Õ»óõáÛ §ê. ʳ㦠ßù³Ýß³ÝÇÝ ³ñųݳó³õ ¼³ñÙÇÝ¿ ºñ¿ó»³Ý: ÌË³Ï³Ý ÊáñÑáõñ¹Á ͳÕÏ»÷áõÝç»ñáí å³ïáõ»ó »ñ¿óÏÇÝ Ü³ÛÇñ³ ¼³ñ·³ñ»³ÝÁ, ²µ¿Ã ²Éµ³ÛÁ, ²ÝÇó úѳÝݿ뻳ÝÁ »õ ²ÉÇë ê»É»³ÝÁ: úѳÝÝ¿ë»³Ý êñµ³½³Ý Ðûñ »õ î³Ã»õ êñµ³½³ÝÇÝ ÝáõÇñ»ó »åÇëÏáåáë³Ï³Ý Ù³ï³ÝÇÝ»ñ. ÇëÏ ·³ÕáõÃÇë ͳÝûà ³½·³ÛÇÝÝ»ñ¿Ý î¿ñ »õ îÇÏ. γñ³å»ï ¼³·³ñ»³ÝÝ»ñ ²µ·³ñ êñµ³½³ÝÇÝ ÝáõÇñ»óÇÝ å³Ý³Ï¿ ÙÁ: ö³ÏÙ³Ý Ëûëùáí ²µ·³ñ ºåë. Úáí³ÏÇÙ»³Ý ßÝáñѳõáñ»ó »Ï»Õ»óõáÛ ï³ñ»¹³ñÓÁ, ·Ý³Ñ³ï»ó ¼³ñ»Ñ ². øÑÝ. ¼³ñ·³ñ»³ÝÇ ï³ñ³Í ³ß˳ï³ÝùÁ, áñáõÝ ßÝáñÑÇõ ³Ý ÏÁ í³Û»É¿ ë¿ñÝ áõ Û³ñ·³ÝùÁ ѳõ³ï³ó»³ÉÝ»ñáõÝ: ²Ý ßÝáñѳϳÉáõÃÇõÝ Û³ÛïÝ»ó ÌË³Ï³Ý ÊáñÑáõñ¹ÇÝ, ÑÇõñ»ñáõÝ áõ Ý»ñϳݻñáõÝ: êñµ³½³Ý Ðûñ §ä³Ñå³ÝÇã¦áí í»ñç ·ï³õ ׳ßÏ»ñáÛÃ-ѳݹÇëáõÃÇõÝÁ:
Armenia Threatens...
Azerbaijani media as saying that the mediators are also trying to organize another ArmenianAzerbaijani summit later this year. Sarkisian and Azerbaijan s President Ilham Aliyev already held three face-to-face meetings in as many months following a similar upsurge in deadly fighting in August. Nalbandian described as constructive, useful and sincere their most recent encounter held in Paris in October. Tensions in the conflict zone were reignited in November by the shooting down by Azerbaijani forces of an Armenian combat helicopter near Karabakh. Sarkisian insisted shortly afterwards that Aliyev will not dare to provoke a full-scale war with the Armenians any time soon.
cont. from page 28 Elmar Mammadyarov in Poland on Tuesday. They plan to hold similar talks with his Armenian counterpart, Edward Nalbandian. Later on Monday, a spokesman for the Azerbaijani Foreign Ministry said the latest truce violations are the result of Armenian provocations aimed at torpedoing the peace process. Hikmet Hajiyev stuck to the official Azerbaijani line that Armenia is doing everything to maintain the Karabakh status quo. Meanwhile, James Warlick, the Minsk Group s U.S. co-chair, was quoted by the
2015 î²ðÆ, ÂÆô 112 30 Ä.öºîðàô²ð
ARMENIA
Planting the Seeds of a Brighter Future: Gomk s Female Agricultural Co-Op By Serouj Aprahamian On January 1, a new law on Social Assistance to Border Communities went into effect in Armenia. The measure provides partial subsidies for natural gas, electricity, and irrigation expenses to those living in Armenia s dangerous border regions, which constantly face attacks from Azeri military forces. However, not all of the country s borderland communities will be assisted by the law. Only 31 communities are mentioned in the government s approved list. We applied to the Ministry of Territorial Administration and they said only those areas that are under heavy shelling will be considered, says Nune Avagyan, a council member in the village of Gomk. Never mind that such incidents also occur here. They are just not as publicized. Gomk is a southern Armenian village located just 6 kilometers from the Azerbaijani border. The community is made up mostly of refugees from Baku who fled during the Karabakh War. Forced to leave their homes and belongings behind, they resettled in Gomk and began working to rebuild their lives from scratch. The dilapidated infrastructure and remoteness of the community presented countless difficulties and obstacles for the resettling population. But they have not waited for handouts to get back on their feet. In 2012, with the support of Oxfam in Armenia, local residents came together to establish a women s agricultural cooperative. After months of mobilization, community forums, and planning meetings, a core group of about 30 women founded the cooperative. They received consultation and training from Oxfam on everything from crop cultivation techniques to marketing and accounting. By their second year, they had a 400 meter squared greenhouse and cold storage facility up and running.
When we first began promoting the idea of a cooperative, people looked at us like dreamers, says Avagyan. But over time, we showed that we can address our own issues. We made residents believe in a brighter future. Gomk s favorable climate gives it huge potential for agricultural production. The cooperative has succeeded in cultivating quality crops such as green beans, cucumbers, tomatoes, eggplants and various fruits. Buyers have been quick to purchase from the enterprise given its premium product and affordable pricing. Today, nearly forty households in the community have been provided a livelihood through the cooperative. And they can barely keep up with demand. They have no problem selling their crops, says Vadim Uzunyan, Economic Justice Program Manager at Oxfam. If anything, the issue is upgrading and expanding production to keep up with demand. Decisions in the co-op are made democratically and the profit is distributed equally to all members. A portion of the proceeds is also allocated to social initiatives within the community itself. For example, in 2013, the cooperative donated a TV and DVD player for the local kindergarten. They also helped the local school with textbook purchases last year. The goal is to not only benefit individual members but the village as a whole. As such, it is not just a business, it is a social enterprise geared toward uplifting the broader community. When people unite around a common mission, says Avagyan, they can create institutions which benefit the masses. Such farmers cooperatives are the only thing that can bring small-scale producers together to advance a collective cause. The all-female cooperative has also empowered its members to become leaders in the community. In 2013, given her visible role in the cooperative s formation and
Members of the Gomk Agricultural Cooperative.
success, Avagyan was elected as a member of the local village council. Today, she actively promotes Gomk in the public arena and works to attract greater development and recognition for the community. In many ways, the story of Gomk encapsulates the not-so-subtle changes being seen in Armenia over the past several years. Despite gaining independence in 1991, war, blockades, natural disaster and economic collapse stifled Armenia s growth for a good part of the last two decades. Significant social shifts and economic innovation are slowly trickling within the country. Unlike other areas throughout the world, which have literally centuries of experience with cooperatives and other alternative economic models, Armenia has been implementing such strategies only recently. The potential for growth and sustainable development through such measures has yet to be fully realized. This potential includes a higher level of cooperation with the Diaspora, as well. Members of the cooperative are keen to invite
Armenians from abroad into the community to directly engage in their efforts. They are currently seeking to purchase a mini-tractor to streamline their operations with the help of supporters in the Diaspora. We are always thankful and encouraged by their support, says Avagyan. When we see that they care about Armenia and want to stand by our side despite being so far away it inspires faith and hope within us all. Just that care alone is enough to fuel us. Whether or not the village is eventually incorporated into the new law on border assistance, the residents of Gomk are determined to build a brighter future for their community. Despite having lost everything once in their lives before, they have not lost their faith and do not plan on turning back now. As Avagyan explains, I am an optimistic person, as are the majority of residents here. I have hope that one day our village will become like a mini-Switzerland: a beautiful, clean, and pleasant place to live.
$3 Million Raised for 20th Anniversary to Tree Planting and Education Programs By Jason Sohigian Supporters of the Armenia Tree Project turned out in full force this past fall to celebrate the organization s 20th anniversary in Boston. A crowd of 500 enthusiastic guests young and old from a broad spectrum of the community showed up to mark the milestone. An event at the Grand Atrium of the John Joseph Moakley United States Courthouse overlooking the Boston Harbor was the third in a series of gatherings. The first was a festive spring outdoor gathering on the grounds of the Huntington Library and Botanical Gardens in Southern California, while a lively reception was held at the Kharpert Restaurant of the Tufenkian Hotel in Yerevan in October. Through the efforts of the development team and volunteer ambassadors who organized the various gatherings, the organization has reached its goal to raise $3 million in gifts and pledges for the 20th anniversary year. These results came as ATP completed its annual tree planting programs. A total of 267,451 trees were planted throughout Armenia in 2014, bringing the grand total to 4,723,320 planted since the organization was founded in 1994. An organizing committee of 30 volunteers in Boston was led by co-chairs Nicole Babikian Hajjar and Nina Festekjian. The New England event featured an art exhibit, sale, and auction of a collection of paintings by Arthur Hovhannisyan titled Land in Harmony. In addition to the artwork, the event at Moakley featured music by Black Sea Salsa and noted
folk performer Lilit Pipoyan. In an especially powerful part of the evening, Armenia s representative to the United Nations in New York, Ambassador Zohrab Mnatsakanyan, presented an award to ATP and its founder Carolyn Mugar, for 20 years of service. This was a significant gesture of official recognition and thanks from Armenia s government, in the form of a Presidential Decree awarding a Medal for Services Contributed to the Motherland. In response, Carolyn shared the praise with everyone in the room including donors and partners, organizational leadership past and present, and committed staff, several of whom travelled to the event from Armenia. In her remarks, Carolyn outlined some of the philosophy and worldview of the organization: We ve been reminding ourselves how far we ve come. Now let s also imagine where we are going and to challenge ourselves to get there...But just as important as the trees we plant are the children we are growing--soon to be adults--who will be committed to how important trees are to the survival of a healthy and prosperous Armenia. We are growing future active citizens, she declared. Another highlight of the evening was remarks from the young actor David Alpay, whose Hollywood debut started with his role in Atom Egoyan s film Ararat. He is an emerging star with prominent roles on a number of programs including The Vampire Diaries, The Tudors, and most recently The Lottery. Alpay recounted his relationship with
Armenia°s representative to the UN, Zohrab Mnatsakanyan, presented a Medal to ATP and its founder Carolyn Mugar; also pictured are board member Nancy Kricorian (left) and forestry director Navasard Dadyan (Photo by Kerry Brett).
ATP, which began several years ago when he was inspired by a visit to several of the project sites. He reflected on various aspects of ATP s mission and purpose: Trees stop soil erosion...the soil in Armenia, soil to which Armenians around the world feel a visceral connection. ATP helps prevent the erosion of this soil. Is it also, in a way, helping to fight the erosion of a nation? ATP plants trees, and by doing so it promotes education, economic independence, and food security. By planting fruit trees, it literally puts food on the table. But their mandate runs deeper, emphasized Alpay. It s nation building in its most sacred form. When you plant a tree with ATP you spread
roots in the ground. You nourish a dream of so many of our parents, grandparents, of a free and independent Armenia and Artsakh, and you protect it from eroding, and becoming dust. Because too many before us fought too hard, and sacrificed too much for us to squander it on our watch. Since its inception in 1994, ATP has planted more than 4.7 million trees, established three nurseries and two environmental education centers, and has greened villages, churches, parks, and open spaces throughout Armenia. In the process, the organization has provided employment for hundreds of people and provided vital resources to thousands of villagers throughout the country.
ART/CULTURE
öºîðàô²ð 2015 Ä. î²ðÆ, ÂÆô 112
31
Recent Publication Highlights Complexities of Uncovering the History of the Medieval City of Ani By Katie Vanadzin (Armenian Weekly)- Preserving the Medieval City of Ani: Cultural Heritage between Contest and Reconciliation, an article by Dr. Heghnar Zeitlian Watenpaugh, was published last month in the highly competitive international Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians. Watenpaugh is a cochair of the Department of Art and Art History at the University of California, Davis (UCD), where she specializes in urban and architectural art history in Islamic societies. The article, in Watenpaugh s words, provides a comprehensive history of archaeology, preservation, and heritage management at Ani. It examines the current preservation campaign that is unfolding at Ani and places it in the broader context of cultural heritage preservation in Turkey, and of the challenges posed by Armenian cultural heritage sites in particular. Ani, a medieval city in eastern Turkey s Kars Province near the Armenian border, has fascinated travelers, historians, and artists for centuries. Once a trade hub on the Silk Road, Watenpaugh describes the diversity of the city s structures, which include churches, mosques, a fire temple, ramparts, palaces, and rock-carved dwellings built over the centuries by successive Christian and Muslim dynasties. Once known as the City of 1,001 Churches, Ani s most famous landmarks are its medieval Armenian churches, and the city holds enormous symbolic significance to the Armenian identity. As Watenpaugh explains, Ani is so symbolic, so central for Armenians, as a religious site, as a cultural site, as a national heritage symbol, a symbol of nationhood. Watenpaugh first visited Ani in the mid-1990 s as the co-leader of a tour for the Friends of the American Research Institute in Turkey. She recalls her first impressions of the site as immense, desolate. Every building is a separate object in a barren landscape. The group was warned by employees of the Kars Museum that Armenian border guards could fire on them, though no such incident occurred. The safety of visitors to Ani has improved with the demilitarization of the area around 2004, though access is still difficult, requiring a 45-minute drive from the nearest city, Kars. The closest inhabited town to Ani is the small farming village of Ocakl . The city has long attracted visitors, with modern interest in the site beginning in the early 19th century. Engravings and later photographs of the city became popular among the urban elite of the Russian and Ottoman empires. After the 1877-78 war between these empires, Russia annexed Ani and the surrounding Kars region. This annexation solidified Ani s status as an archeological site and tourist destination; early Russian excavations were led by the Orientalist Nicolai Iakovlevich Marr between 1892-93 and 1904-17, and
involved the efforts of several Armenian experts who would go on to prominence in the Russian academic arena. This increased publicity of Ani led to its resurgence as an Armenian cultural symbol. After his election as Catholicos of All Armenians, Matteos II Izmirlian undertook a formal pilgrimage to the site in 1909, followed by numerous religious tourists. Ani captivated the nonreligious alike as a symbol of its former grandeur as the capital of the Bagratid Dynasty. During World War I and the Armenian Genocide, Ani came under threat as a central symbol of Armenian identity. The order to destroy Ani was given in May 1921; however, the commander of the Turkish Eastern Front, Kâzim Karabekir, did not fully carry out the destruction of the city. Numerous artifacts uncovered during the
resistance and defiance on the part of Ara Güler and if you don t know the history of the site, the history of photography, it s just a really beautifully composed photograph. But if you know, when you realize what he s doing, what he s saying by adopting that point of view, to me it s incredibly moving, it s incredibly powerful. After the fall of the Soviet Union, activity around Ani resumed, and excavations and restorations at the site began again in 1991 under the auspices of the Turkish Ministry of Culture and Tourism (MCT). The 1990 s excavations are viewed today as a period of recklessly aggressive over-restoration, often with little to no documentation. The director of excavations from 1998 onwards, Beyhan Karama aral , was a known member of the far-right Nationalist M o v e m e n t P a r t y, a n d h e r ultranationalist affiliations are often
Sourp Prgich church. Photo by Nanore Barsoumian.
Russian excavation were by now missing, whether looted, removed to safety, or destroyed. After World War II, Turkey s role as a NATO member made its border with Armenia especially sensitive; Ani was located on one of the only two borders between NATO and the Soviet Union. Given its militarized and remote location, Ani s prominence declined once more, and its history was reframed as the site of the first Turkish state (the Seljuk Dynasty) and the first mosque (the Mosque of Manuchihr) in Anatolia. References to the Armenian history of the city were pointedly omitted in signage and literature. One of the few highlights of this period is the 1965 photo by TurkishArmenian photographer Ara Güler of the Church of St. Gregory of Tigran Honents, which defied the restrictions of the time by capturing an image of the militarized frontier. Wa t e n p a u g h e x p l a i n s t h e significance of the photo: To me, the photograph of Ani by Ara Guler of [the Church of] Tigran Honents is so poignant because it was taken in 1965, and he is orienting so he s a TurkishArmenian photographer, in Anatolia, height of the Cold War, we can only imagine the tensions and he turns his camera at a very specific angle where there s a shot of the church of Tigran Honents and behind it is the Soviet Union, Soviet Armenia. So I find that angle so deeply meaningful because it defies, it goes against the photography restrictions. So I understand that as an act of
cited as a plausible motivation for shoddy work performed on the site under her tenure. Watenpaugh stressed the dangers of ill-conceived excavation and restoration. If you don t spend a lot of time very carefully considering what you re going to add to the site, you can end up really damaging what is there you have to balance the need for safety with aesthetic needs. The threat of Ani s death by resurrection galvanized advocacy on behalf of the site, and the World Monuments Fund (WMF) became actively involved in the preservation efforts. Karama aral s retirement in 2006 offered an opportunity for a change in approach and leadership. With the involvement of the WMF, various Turkish cultural NGOs, and the tentative shortlisting of Ani as a potential addition to the UNESCO World Heritage List, work at Ani is now subject to increased scrutiny and greater transparency is demanded. The publication of Watenpaugh s article in the prestigious, peer-reviewed Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians will likely also increase international awareness of the situation at Ani among preservationists and architects. The addition of Ani to the UNESCO World Heritage List would secure significant benefits in protection, research expertise, and funding, but the process is a complex and bureaucratic one. The addition of Ani to the UNESCO World Heritage List would secure significant benefits in
The main cathedral of Ani. Photo by Nanore Barsoumian.
protection, research expertise, and funding, but the process is a complex and bureaucratic one, Watenpaugh explains. The next step is, it doesn t happen immediately, but the expectation is that eventually the properties on the tentative list will be nominated and some of them will be accepted for the World Heritage List. I think that would be great for Ani. Yavuz Özkaya, the restoration architect currently managing the site, has employed a more scientific approach to the restoration and has recommended that, where possible, some of the previous reconstructions be removed entirely. Watenpaugh described some of the recent changes in the work at Ani: I think now since the late 2000 s with the involvement of the World Monuments Fund, and so on, and the presence of a new architect, you re seeing a different design philosophy, restoration philosophy According to this philosophy, you don t reconstruct the building to the way it was originally but you stabilize it, you protect it, you create shelter roofs, you address issues such as drainage, humidity, seismicity there s all kinds of structural reinforcements that sometimes are not even visible to the visitor. And
then that s it; you implement what they call detectable layering, where everything you add, if you have to add something, it should be visible that this is a new thing, and it should be removable without damaging the object so in the future if there s a better way of doing something, then you can remove what you added and replace it. Though the quality of work on the site has improved, Ani s future remains uncertain. While its history encompasses multiple civilizations, Ani s politicization is inherently binary. As portions of Turkish civil society embark on an unprecedented examination of Turkey s history and identity, there is greater hope for a fair treatment of Ani s full historical legacy. On the other hand, Ani could fall victim to a nationalist backlash from an establishment who finds its very foundation increasingly threatened. Ultimately, says Watenpaugh, Nothing is going to be perfect. In cultural heritage, there is no perfect thing, there s no perfect situation. I would love to see Ani be jointly nominated by Armenia and Turkey. How great would that be, how symbolic for reconciliation, but we live with the reality that we live in.
Straw Dolls : A Film about the Armenian Genocide New Jersey native and filmmaker Jon Milano is honoring his connection to the Armenian community with Straw Dolls, a film that focuses on the Armenian Genocide of 1915. Having grown up with such a strong Armenian community in New Jersey, this is a subject that is close to my heart, Milano said. Your friends have influence on you, whether you want to admit it or not. And though I wasn t born into the culture you certainly adapt and understand the history. Milano recently detailed the two-year process of producing and directing the film. It is only controversial when people make it controversial. It is true that the Turkish government has not recognized this atrocity; however, we did not set out to make a film to protest the Turkish government but rather tell a story that Hollywood is unwilling to tell. We took very little creative liberties with the film, knowing full well that when we make this film, it must be rooted in truth. Hence why the film took two years of research,
said Milano The research uncovered hundreds of journals, photographs, survivor interviews, and academic books. And when Douglas Kalajian, author of Stories My Father Never Finished Telling, became involved, the team was able to uncover rare stories that stood alone among the atrocities. We wanted to find standalone stories, slices of a much larger tale, Milano said. The film stars award-winning Iranian-Armenian actress Mary Apick and Marco Khan(ian) ( 10,000 BC (2008) and God s Not Dead (2014)), with a full ensemble of young Armenian actors. Once the cast was secured, Milano explained, finding Armenia in Southern California was the next task at hand. The film was shot in Simi Valley. The location is not a stranger to Hollywood, as it was home to Quentin Tarantino s Django Unchained (2012) and Saving Mr. Banks (2013). Photography of the film was completed in November 2014 and is slated to premiere in Los Angeles and Yerevan on April 24, 2015.
2015 î²ðÆ, ÂÆô 112 32 Ä.öºîðàô²ð
ART/CULTURE
Vatican s Congregation for Causes of Saints may declare Gregory of Narek Doctor of Church
The Centennial ...
cont. from page 24
one in memory of my grandfather lit by him, and another, which I lit in memory of Haji Khalil. Then we embraced and promised each other that we would do everything possible to bring our peoples together by preserving the legacy and the memory of that righteous human being, Haji Khalil, and through him, undermine denial and promote truth and justice. Since that encounter in 1995, Dr. Akçam has written many well respected and influential books and articles, published in several languages, about the Armenian Genocide and the violence perpetrated by the Ottoman Turks. His works demonstrate how the Ottoman Government, led by the Union and Progress Party, inspired by the ideology of pan-Turanism and dreams of imperial expansion, carried out the planned destruction of their own fellow citizens, the entire Armenian population in its ancestral homeland for three millennia. During the next ten years, from 1995 to 2005, numerous tentative contacts were made between Turks and Armenians. Some on an individual basis, some in academic forums, where research and scholarship was shared and exchanged between Turkish and Armenian scholars. Some, such as the Workshop on Armenian-Turkish Studies or WATS, used virtual communication to facilitate dialogue between Armenians and Turks. Some Turkish scholars visited various research centres, such as the Zoryan Institute and the Armenian Studies Chairs, to learn about the research conducted and/or to view oral history testimonies of the survivors of the Genocide. Some 15 Turkish students have attended the Comparative Genocide Course run by the Zoryan Institute with the University of Toronto some continued their studies to become recognized specialists of the Armenian Genocide. Some businessmen organized official
biblical and is penetrated with images, themes and realities of sacred history, distinguished with intimate, personal character. The mystical poem Book of Lamentations (published in 1673 in Marseille) has been translated into many languages and has played a significant role in the development of the Armenian literary language. Numerous miracles and traditions have been attributed to the saint and perhaps that is why he is referred to as the watchful angel in human form. In 1984-1985, Alfred Schnittke composed Concerto for Mixed Chorus
forums, such as the Turkish Armenian Business Development Council, to promote trade between the two countries, hoping that trade would be the best way to bring these two peoples together. Attempts were made even by the Armenian government a few years ago, through the so called football diplomacy for rapprochement with the Turkish government. This was followed by the signing of the as yet unratified "Protocols." All of these efforts were attempts to bring about a change in the attitudes of these two peoples, who continued to see each other through the prism of the events 1915 as unchanging and monolithic enemies. Unfortunately, more work is needed by both Turkish and Armenian civil societies to raise awareness about the events of 1915, to encourage the Turkish state to change its narrative. There were strong voices that wanted to reclaim history as a legacy that needed to be recognized, and thus pressed their government to abolish all obstacles to this process. For example, the series of events since 1995, described above, led to the first public conference on Armenian issues which was organized by Turkish academics and intellectuals and took place in Istanbul on May 25, 2005, entitled "Ottoman Armenians during the Decline of the Empire: Issues of Scientific Reasonability and Democracy." Some of the participants at this conference were scholars and intellectuals who were in continuous contact with their Armenian counterparts. The conference was condemned and criticized by the Turkish authorities. Just one day before the conference, then Turkish Justice Minister Cemil Cicek accused those who organized and participated in the conference of treason, calling them traitors to their country, condemning the initiative as a blow to the government's attempts to counter a mounting Armenian campaign to have the killings recognized internationally as genocide. He went as far as stating, "This is a stab in the back to Turkish nation..." As a result, some
singing verses from Gregory s Book of Lamentations translated into Russian by Naum Grebnev. The monastery of Narek-situated in the village of Narek on the southern shores of Lake Van- was destroyed after the Armenian Genocide of 1915. Born circa 950 to a family of scholarly churchmen, St. Gregory entered Narek Monastery on the south-east shore of Lake Van at a young age. Shortly before the first millennium of Christianity, Narek Monastery was a thriving center of learning. These were the relatively quiet, creative times before the
Turkic and Mongol invasions that changed Armenian life forever. Armenia was experiencing a renaissance in literature, painting, architecture and theology, of which St. Gregory was a leading figure. The Prayer Book is the work of his mature years. He called it his last testament: its letters like my body, its message like my soul. St. Gregory left this world in 1003, but his voice continues to speak to us. Written shortly before the first millennium of Christianity, the prayers of St. Gregory of Narek have long been recognized as gems of Christian literature.
of these Turkish scholars, intellectuals and media representatives were charged, persecuted and even jailed by Turkish authorities. Since 2005, the Turkish government has continued its unrelenting denial policy in spite of civil society wanting to know more about their own history. The denial policies of the deep state, continued by the current Turkish government, have led to hatred, discrimination and incitement of violence towards the remaining Armenians in Turkey. This policy culminated in the killing of Hrant Dink, the editor of AGOS newspaper, who had openly challenged the narrative of the government as an obstacle to democracy in Turkey. Hrant Dink's murder by a Turkish ultranationalist impacted not only the Armenian community in Turkey, but also the Kurdish, Yezidi, Alevi and other minorities, who saw the assassination as a major blow to freedom of thought and speech and to their aspiration for cultural and religious freedom. Those who fear that Turkey will succeed "to neutralize the effect of the Armenian side's preparations for the centennial of the Armenian Genocide," do not sufficiently believe in the power of historical truth. No matter what Turkey does through its policy of denial, it cannot avoid the facts of history. Fear of Turkish "penetration" of Armenian society, in the Diaspora and/or in Armenia, concern about causing "domestic disagreements" to "take control of society" reduces Armenians and Armenia to hapless victims rather than aware, independent adults who are able to articulate and defend their national interest. All denial attempts, whether that be by distorting history or cajoling certain members of Armenian society to cooperate with them, have not helped Turkey in controlling Armenian society. On the contrary, they have only strengthened the resolve of Armenians worldwide to mobilize for acknowledgement and restorative justice because Armenians collectively are fully aware of their history and the profoundly devastating effects of genocide
St. Gregory called his book an encyclopedia of prayer for all nations. It was his hope that it would serve as a guide to prayer by people of all stations around the world. In 95 grace-filled prayers St. Gregory draws on the exquisite potential of the Classical Armenian language to translate the pure sighs of the broken and contrite heart into an offering of words pleasing to God. The result is an edifice of faith for the ages, unique in Christian literature for its rich imagery, its subtle theology, its Biblical erudition, and the sincere immediacy of its communication with God.
on their nation. "To speak well of the Turks that saved Armenians" actually helps contextualize and bring home for Turks what the Armenian Genocide was all about. One cannot talk about Turks who saved Armenians without explaining what it is they saved the Armenians from. This can only help promote shared knowledge of history and a past that both societies can talk about to each other, on a common basis of understanding and without any fear of persecution. Hopefully this can lead to dialogue and eventually reconciliation. We must have hope that the human values, fortified with the knowledge of historical truth, will eventually empower Turkish civil society to demand its government more effectively to embrace the facts of history. Without that, there will be no true democracy and therefore no security for any individual or collective in that country. Such empowerment is already evident by the fact that currently, two Turkish human rights organizations are partnering with the International Institute for Genocide and Human Rights Studies, (A Division of the Zoryan Institute) to jointly submit a brief to the European Court of Human Rights in the Perinçek case a matter of genocide denial documenting his discriminatory and racist activities and statements against Armenians in Turkey and Switzerland. Such instances of co-operation strengthen contacts between the two societies and serve as evidence of the power of shared universal human values. We cannot be oblivious to the changes happening in Turkey. Armenians have a role in helping Turkish society learn and understand the indisputable facts of the Armenian Genocide through education, dialogue and contacts on all levels of Turkish society. This is a critical process in order to emancipate both societies from this problem of enmity, prejudice and hatred.
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(Armenpress)The Congregation for the Causes of Saints of the Vatican plans to declare the medieval Armenian monk, theologian, poet, philosopher, St. Gregory of Narek the Doctor of the Church.
Grigor Narekatsi (951 1003) is a canonized saint. He was an Armenian monk, poet, mystical philosopher and theologian, born into a family of writers. His father, Khosrov, was an archbishop. He lost his mother very early, so he was educated by his cousin, Anania of Narek, who was the founder of the monastery and school of the village. Almost all of his life he lived in the monasteries of Narek (in Greater Armenia, now Turkey) where he taught at the monastic school. He is the author of mystical interpretation on the Song of Songs (977) and numerous poetic writings. Narekatsi s poetry is deeply
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öºîðàô²ð 2015 Ä. î²ðÆ, ÂÆô 112
35
2015 î²ðÆ, ÂÆô 112 36 Ä.öºîðàô²ð