h-_† ¥h¶-hr- d a-\ugp„ ‘Technological progress is like an axe in the hands of a pathological criminal.’ Albert Einstein
|o _tr ¥^lWuIy|o EÆl|o _tr' A ~lcu Dla\¥]¶cu›o. ]crhcG ¥]l _½ l duG at~o BXuhabeuG _½l|o _tr¥blSu al óG hGeZrN u Il›rcr|u~ al\hrIlez <]¥bl¹l|jr« epl]Ialb¥Xl SblWo " Xr\o $Ÿ \ blcu ¥]co d`rN Xo. hvIlcpX ÀuG $„t† \šo ¥he\Ÿy|uG "ó ‹l[l \pard½lŒ hl[lcW al _« ¥^lWu] ¥blKr|u~e†¥]lduG $~o \šoe†|rd½lŒ zdŸjr« "[rI¥\cG X¨r\s|l„ XlXo] cp ]¶ ˆ~uecrd½. Dcu I ZqcŒr« \au |l ]¶G A¥]¶l»uau›lIu~ h«¥^l‚ #[u \rI a\ugp\o erec hl¥£XrIX¥blSu¨ # h¹rbu S ‹XsIalWo. Sdrerg \ er÷r ]¶ ˆr b~o #¥k]rN rcu~ IapqWr¥|g„ er]½ eŒr „t #ZpIldŒo "e hlGh¦lcrI "Sr aŒŒr\o (Cultural imperialism) IlcWalIu~u
ar|uIbuG "ecrdq SŒ ~ ]u\ceXcr|u IbuG N…u~ er|r (wiki) hGer[l\Ÿju S ]uXrb IldŒo $„t† \ š~l« <]¥bl ¹l|jr¥d|uG XrcrN uau¨ erecŸju S \rc calb D»u|lWo. ej c|ldG Il›o Sdrerg„ ¥\Sr b SuŒ P\‹rbX NucuŸrb IldŒr\u¨rdlWo $„t† \šo hv al|rbXo. IG]pqˆtrdq S al óG d`palbrcu~ $„t† \šo h«¥^lWr d ŒuIbuG Ibr« Il›u \S|leu~ dl]o ¥Sl]¶uG ¥\lˆo]lUuG Sl_odšo ]r hrIju al | cGKG ]rSrN S|uIbuG NÂu. $¥Xl S hl¥£ XrI erZp IqSuX« ep¹r]calbr altuIblbr cu~u. $Xr¥\l Sl]¶G X ~ KlûšuIju S Il cpŒrduG ep¹rIju S "`rcuNrIy|o IqSu X« ‹l[l\pG Ie~u. ¥]»ohW d¥h g„ (Personalization), Iî a¥hg„ (Customization) A~s ‹¥blKŸy|o KlUoPšo er]Wrbrdu¨ ‹l[l\pG ej c eduXlWo. ep¹r_‡Ÿy|o ‹l[l\pG \d¦r cq] ]¶Su Œrb ^boho_u|uG Dl†|uˆuG ¥]ldu¨ hm
#h¹rbu S i SIo PserXG _r.Aho. _rar-\rXo
$„t†- \-šuG I-œpq-ˆ-tuG al- _«-¥^l-Wu-au ]¶-ˆ <-]-I-c-W-¿hl-¥£-Xr-I-er-Zp-l $-S- ]-S« ep-¹r-bu- S-buG h-aq-i-Œr- „t-buG fs-d-Ÿ- jbuG a-¥\l-`l-e- Œ-buG al-šr-b-Xo A-Ÿ- \? e†-Nv« ¥dl-IG #-h-¹r-I-ju- S ¥dl-I-al-Iu¥œl a-h´r-goI-Œr-\uG Nr- -I -|uG hG-`-er-|u-~- X o? h-_†-¥h¶-hr- \ er-d-br-cu-Œu-~u. e~ era†f\albrcu~u ¥\crˆ X£r« h«¥^lWuG $„t† \šuG esUr¥bl Kbrau Ijuauy ]¶ Sbu¨ \rce[r hl¥£Xr¥Il]Ic WŸy(gadget) `cr|u~ ]uXrb ¥dlIG hlaq irI hlGh¦lcrI ¥aJdbr« alóad½ dicre h´u|y ¥]l d \˜u S h£s†Walb Psech XÔŒr« ¥]lduG alšŸju›l|r|»rƒu. ¥tUr¥blbuG ]r~sSo Sdrerg\ualbrcu~u \˜¥jlSo BšeuG "SuŒrS]»Irb $dIo¥wSl WrIo al[paŸy. $er S \˜y etuG Il× |l¥cl ¥Iyer|l¥cl alóalbrcu ~£r« ] cœclKX al[paŸy ]r uS†~u ¥]l~ h£ d¶Ÿ j "SrauSr alšratrN $„t† \šr „t Il dŒlWo <]¥bl¹l|y IqSr al[pa‹Ærb br« ]£ljrIjlIu~Xo. c›lG ]Xr]¶r\u ( e _o 2.0) ¥fgG \au|o hGeZr|leu~ f¹ alb al[paalbr $„t† \šo A~ \eal[paG altr. <]¥bl¹l|ju S hilb¥Œl S \r† 1 112
“Z hZh·uIjuG NlšuG esUr¥bl ¥IljuG $ a brdu al | #fber\rab cGKŒuG ]uXrb er]½ealWo ìgµrN Xo. $¥Xl S e†Nv« ¥dl IŒo BXu\rargeuG d`palb csXrbr« ‹Xrgør | ]¶ˆ UrPrš« ep¹rXvalbr \˜y altr. IG]pqˆtuG h«¥^lWuG $„t† \šo d`p alb $Xc <]IcWŸjuG Sdrerg\uG esUr ¥bl KbrauIju ad½lG ìgµr|u~ hl£d¶rI " cskŸy (virtual Environment) Dcu ep¹r bu S hvl`lerI #fb hG¥eZ\/er\rab ¥fgr b #»Œr« hvl[s\r|u~u›o. A.A.Ur. "¥acr|„ h\rI ãGJdbr« \r~uG $„t† \šo ]lXuP\Ÿjr¥d|rtŸre~o ] Œue†gŒr\u¨r«X ~ "Xr¥\lSu¨ # h¹r e„ N†N Iy|o e»r eN rcu~u. ep¹r PserX Œ _l[r|u~ $„t† \šo <]¥blK alWo ]lXuer« $„t† \šo "Urk„ Ur ¥hl†U† (IAD) A~trb ]¶Su~Xo. ¥‹l_½alšr Io IG]pqˆ† bqho, ]¥XljPr|« IG]pqˆ† bq ho A~uG $m al\hrIlez er¥fgr]¶r| ]¶Su~u. 1995« "¥acr|br d ‹hrŠ a¥\l ¥clK erZKo[\lb ¥Ul. $el„ ¥KlyUo _†Ko IlWrN Dcu Xalfbr« \r~lWo $Œ c alcu al\hrIlez ¥dlI âŠbr dŒr bXo. #ZpIld e_o hšuIjr dl~lb h ¥|lG ¥Ulˆo \šr „t (www.psycom.net) zrcG alò-`q-ar el†-gr-I-]¶-Xr-]¶o 2011
#h¹r-bu S i SIo PserXG $„t† \šo "Urk„ Ur¥hl†U† A~o ¥]crˆuerjrN $m al\hrIle z b ]¥k, ]r~sSo flð¥dlI Œr\o etu alcu Xalfblbr Il Wl\lbrd½. hal\alb _uŠrauˆuIy "\u` er|u~ecr« \r~uG a¥\l¥clK erZ Ko[cr« \r~u al | ¥Ul. ¥KlyUo _†Kr\o $ abrduIju SbuG ¥^l‚ ¥IljuIju SbuG ‹elialbrcu~u. $e†|u atu]Sr \«Il„ "¥©iG ‹¥XpI Dl‚ d„ ¥eZrX ~ cq] eXoIcrN u. ]r~sSo "¥acr|„ h ¥|ljPr|« "¥hlhr¥bg „t el†grI h¥˜j\Œr« a\Hflð É\lb ¥Ul. IrG _†dr bMo " eXcr]¶rN ‹_‡alWo (INTERNET
¥^l¥ˆl _„ al†-¥Kl-ˆo/A.]r.
ADDICTION: THE EMERGENCE OF A NEW CLINICAL DISORDER) $Œc alcu N†
elb\|lc\lbrcu~ ¥KlyUo _†Ko Dcr|« "¥acr|„ hIplÑrIo "¥hlhr¥bg „t ‹hrŠsIcWalb D S M - IV ( Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - 4th Edition)
„t #Jpl\csXr b ]crihr|l„ h ¥IlG elb\|l†|rSbr« "Xr \ #¥k] ilhp cq]Œr« "eXcr]¶rN u. $Xr« $„t† \šo e»r hv]³¥dlIŒu \S|u~e c B t |u t `le\l]calbr "eXcr]¶rN rcu~u. alò-`q-ar el†-gr-I-]¶-Xr-]¶o 2011
N b hPseal|rbXo. "¥Xl S ¥dlI ŒŸuau¨ a\Hflð erZKo [† $„† \šue»rX ~ DŒuIqSr $m al\hrIlez b \rc calb ]T\Ÿy|uG N†N Iy|uG er¥[b al|rb¥Xl SblWo Æ¥aW $„t† \šo "Urk„ Dcu ¥clKalbr \r† WbrN o ÇXpalbr NrIrö \r†¥Zfr N u XuSŸrbXo. A~l« hvXÔalb Dcu ¥clKlezbd½ $ X~uG hl[l cW #h¹r X ~blWr X~uG "Xr\o $„t† \šo Dcu IlcWG al óal W~uG elZr|u~ edrb Dcu er`lKG a\Hflð erZKo[cu›o. $„t† \šo "Urk„ Ur¥hlU† ¥dlIepl]Ialbr "GKsIcr| ]¶ ˆ £rduG "¥acr|brduG ]utŒuau¨ a \HflðerZKo[† #âbrN u ecu~ D S M « $Xue c $m ¥clKG <y ]¶ SuŒrbrˆrd½ A~Xo ⥊balWo. 2013 « $tŸu~ $Xr „t "°lG ]Xr]¶r« A A Ur b <y ]¶Su Œu~Xr¥\|utrN o e„ elKvlZŸy \S~u Il›rcr|uIblWo. IuSuG_ ŒbuG hu“Œu| j buG âŠr|l X <W†~rcr|u¥œl »l | $„t† \šr« ¥\l|rbrcr |l„ XuSŸu¥œljlWo "Xo Dcu ¥clKalbrŒscu~Xo. IG]pqˆtr\u au ~rdd½lŒ¥]¶ly <¥Óg|uteo " \u`er|uI, hvl`lerI ]cualš Œ \rbÔr|l\lIlXrcr|uI, Z\GZr\ ¥PldrIy âŠr|lXrcr |uI XuSŸrbeblWo epl]Ialbr I›uecu~ ašu dkWŸy. Zre hG ]Ô›u aWr|q t£rduG \šr\u au~rdrcr |l X <t|G ecr d½~uG au»ue„habG $„t† \šo <]¥blKr|l\lbr ‹¥XpIG ¥^l‚ IWk„X ~ ASuŒu e~uG Is ¥_lUr¥\lSuG amhr¥\lSuG ed½lŒ al\hrI "Su]¶G ¥Xl~u~u e~u al |blbrcu~u ¥Ul. IrG _†dr bMr „tbuG ¥Ul. ¥KlyUo _†Kr „tbuG ¥\òXvŒr« cq]eXoIcrN Dl‚ d„ ¥eZrIjr« hal\alb ‹f³Ÿy L 2 113
¥\crˆe† "~o ejr ]¶SuŒrbXo. \šo "Ur k \]¶šr erfZsIcr|l\uG <]¥ZfG \«Il \uG bMo 1995 « #cG`rN www.netaddiction.com $~uG ‹hrŠalWo. $Xr „t NueSu]rSrN o www.netaddictionrecovery.com ¥]ldu¨ \rce[r ¥clK\r†Wb e_o hšuIy ‹e†Œr|u ~u›o. "¥\pl\pG hl[palIlŒ $„t† \šr „t #Zp]Xr]¶r „t IldŒlbrcu~u $„t† \šo "Urk \|utrN u¨ N†N Iy|o NqSu]rSrN Xo. A~l« ¥hlgp« \šoe†|rMo hšuI juG A„Ær]ošu N Nlšo hGer[l\ŸjuaS Ÿrb e_ o2.0 ¥he\Ÿju¥SbuG _½l|o _ tr, #„¥ëlboUo "[r\r¥efŸju SbuG Il dŒo $„t† \šr¥\lSu¨ #h¹r Dcu fsd euG hGh¦lceu al |blbr altr. netaholism, onlineaholism A ~l | "trb ]¶Su~ $„t† \šr¥\lSu¨ E"Su]¶G' ]d¥]¶l»uG ab|uacu ~uI¥jlSu¨ #h¹r¥bljG XsØalbr altr. "¥acr|br d bqWr¥e»ohršr Dl^o acr dl„Uo $„t†\lgW« h„t† ¥^l† as Urb #„Uo ]_½rIo "P„Ubu S ¥\òXv Œr« ¥dlI]pl]Ialbr \SŒrb ]T\Œr „t $m ]uXue†gZr\Œr« ]utŒuerˆ tr ¥]¶l†ˆo $„t† \šo "Urk„ ej c epl]I alb Dcu ¥clKlezbl W~lWo ejr ]¶Su ŒrbXo. ¥dlI Œd½lbrSŒuau¨ 12 h†eI dlfldIjr d 125 erZpl†YrIjrdlWo ]T\G \SŒrbXo. $ abr«, SIoîo a¥hPuIy, ^boho_u|o, Svrš† "]o¥Ug\uIy XuS ŸrbeÀu ]ut a e† ab|uacu~u IrˆlXrcr|u¥œly Œal\ ]óG ¥]lduG ¥clKrIy|u›lIu~ `lealšŸy elbr|l X Dcu Zre hG altr\r«|l\uG " |u hal\alb withdrawal symptoms ¥]¶l»u›lIu~ "\u` ^boh_ o u|o "Urk\u¨ecrduG eŸy A»uXr e|l \ualbrcu~u \r†¥ZfG. <›leu~Xlbr tr¥]¶l†ˆuIju›o. ISuŒ BIl Xb\u `erN XlbuG ]d¥]¶l »uG "e Ïl alb "ezbr¥d|o X¨rbrˆ XlbuG `qcr]kG ¥]cuG A»uXr. IG]pqˆtr\u au ~r« IuŒrbrcr|l X ]utŒrtŸr hu“Œu
¥^l¥ˆl a-|« ¥‹l-_oîo/A.]r.
L
3 114
¥^l¥ˆl A.]r.
#h¹r-bu S i SIo PserXG
|¥jlSo hGhlcrN XuG ]utŒo IrjrIy f}au ›l|u~Xo ⊥bl S #hvZrN Xlbu al | Nrd† ¥cJ ]¶SuŒr. IqSuX« ¥]cuG h£ S ]¶ˆXo ^boho_u|rd½l Xbu¨ Dš ]¶Sd\u `erN ¥]¶l»lWo A~XuG ⥊balWo. Information Deprivation Disorder A~ $m al\hr Ilez $~o \rce[r K¥egWŸy \S |u~ ¥aJdblWo. ab|uacu~u IrˆlXrcr|u¥œly ¥clKrIy |u›lIu~ `lealšŸy|u hal\alb withdrawal symptoms ^boho_u|o "Urk\u¨ecr duG <›leu~Xlbr ¥\c¥Œ tr¥]¶l†ˆuIju›l brcu~u. ^boho_u|r d ‹hrŠalb ^lGer d½ Kbrar« ⊠¥IæsIcr|l„ h˜Xr|l X Icƒu Il›rcu~ ]r°uIuƒr \ "˜ \rdŒSrN u Il~u, IG]pqˆtr\u au~r« au»u e„ habeuG IuŒrbrcu~Xr\o flhrN "˜ b ]Xr\°uIlc„ Ild ]¶SuŒr - hal\alb hG`eŸy ]dXeW el†Œblbrˆu›o. Dl‚ d„ e»r e†Nv« aWrbt Xs†Œu \«Iu~ ]uXrb XcG $„t† \šo Xˆr]¶r \|u trN o $ p„ ]óŸjr« e~XuG $mbr SblWo. e_oIplG <]¥blKrN u¨ e†Nv« hI·o/¥U šrMo hšuIy \šr „t #ZpIldGauX«X ~ \rderdu›o. Dcly|o hv G hu“Œr¥\l ¥Sl `lcp¥bl¥Sl A~Xr¥\|ly Aó¥bl aS Ÿo \rcu]l[rIalbr hGhlcr|l„ $„t† \šo "ehc alcu|u~u. $Xc al[paŸ j "¥] krN o $„t† \šo \«Iu~ hvIlcpX auX dSu |u~ er]WrbuG $~o hPsealWo. IuˆrIy|rSbr« Dl‚ d„ KbrauIy e„hvl[s\G NduŒrŒuSŸrb¥Xl S ej† ~uecu~ ]lXuP\l¥clKp ‹f³albr IW|l |r ]dclPpŸjuG $„t† \šo <]¥blKŒr\o al†K\r†¥ZfŸy ]ut ]¶SuerN rˆu›oo. ZkrW Iltrb„ h†|l† "†[clór $e Dl¥ˆl¥aš Uo hGer[l\Œrdq S \r¥cl[r|uI alóad½, clór Xut~u ‹e†Œr|u~Xr« \r~o $„t† \šo I¥^I j erd|uIbuG h¦qjuIju S 200 asš† Nušjer« I¥^Iy|o erd¥|† ]¶SuŒu IbuG \rbaG I†f\al|uIbuG NÂu. A.Sr. zl]\ŸjrduG ašuG ¥hlgp« \šoe†|rMo hšuIy \r¥cl[r|uIbuG ¥Pldr|l† alò-`q-ar el†-gr-I-]¶-Xr-]¶o 2011
#h¹r-bu S i SIo PserXG
8
\šr d ep¹r Dl¥clcuŒcu¥SbuG \rXpPserXŒr d "SrN a†Œ ]¶ˆ "`rdlgŸju S ]q†ŒsIcWal Wo hv]³Ÿ j~ hrÞ›o ¥‘lboUr „t \rcs kWG [(A dream is a disguised fulfilment of a repressed wish (The Interpretation of Dreams)] ‹fh´ alWo. hv]³G <]¥_l[ a\h·r d epl]lcŸjuG ]d¥]¶l»uG <tŸr|rS|u¥œly hG`er|u~ Xual W£r« <W†~rcr|u¥œly ]q†W ¥_l[¥Œl S hv]³hÌfalb ¥dlIG Iˆr]¶ Su|l„ hmIcp alcu|u~ $„t† \šo ]lXu ¥eZrIjlWo ^boho_u|uG a¥h¶huG Svrštu al |. \rXpPserXŒr« "SrN a†Œ ]¶ˆ #ÜiŸju S ]q†ŒsIcWalWo, ]d¥]¶l»uG Dcly #Üir|u~ ep¹rXvŒr „t ‹Xrcq ]alWo hm“Z hZh·uIjrduG ašuG \˜y I ›uauˆu~Xo. ¥dlIhaqi Œ ‹Xr\r[l\G N…u~ a šl cu hl£d¶rI haqi Œ hal calbr $„t† \šr« ‹Xrgør|l„ ¥hlgp« \šoe†|rMo IqˆlÁIy|o I»rƒrˆu›o. hl[lcW haqiŒr« hGhlcŒrdq S buG ]cualšŒrdq SbuG eð[lcWŒrdq S bualbrcu~u Dcly "GKsIcr| ]¶ˆrcu~ X £r« $gµŒr\\uhcrN o ]lXuerSŒr« hv bG #erg¦cr|l\u¨ "ehcalWo hm“Z hZh·uIy \«Iu~Xo. X ~|utrN o Xl„X ~ Dcu cl±sb‹e†ŒI „t hqk²X¥bl S ^d‹Zalb csXrbr« IYI j»uXu~ zd alWo Dl†|uˆuG ^boho_u|u al | b~u ]tblG. $„t† \šo hm“ZhZh·uIjr« ]utŒuer Su~ NróŸjrdq SbuG Ia„tuIjrdq Sbu al |blWo \˜y Dclju S ep¹rXvG a\h·rdl |r bSu|u~Xo. ^boho_u|rduG ašuG Dclju S ‹l ^« NróŸjrdq S I¥ülSrN l« Çóraalbr ep¹rXvG cq] ]¶SuŒr bSu|u~ Xr\o \rce[r <ZlicW Ÿy I ›ŒlG. hr\ral XlcŸy ¥]ldu¨ hdr {ršrIy hvbG al†|šu N…l„ ‹l ^« Nró Ÿ jSu|u~Xu¥]l d ¥hlgp« \šo e†|rMo hšuIy|u¥e›r ‹l ^« ¥^l¥ˆlI jSu|u ~e¥cbuG Zr\G‹Xr b ¥~lWG ¥^l¥ˆlIy alšr ]cskr|u~e¥cbuG Il WlG. ]l†ˆrIjr dbuG bl óIjr dbuG ¥Il^s ¥gl ]¶r¥dbuG NróŸjuG esUr ¥blbuG ‹hrŠsIcr|u~ Xrdq S ]¥clkal b£r duG hv G $gµŒr\\uh crN u¨ Dcu ep¹rXvG Dl‚ d\r« ìgµr|uI alò-`q-ar el†-gr-I-]¶-Xr-]¶o 2011
blWo _iu`qcr]keuG. ]d¥]¶l»uG ]lXuh aqiŒr« hvbG #erg¦cr|u~Xr« #¤er fvlhard½lŒe† \šr d hdr{ršrIjlbr altu~u e~XuG ⥊balWo. haqieuG ep ¹rbuG hl¥£XrIerZpbuG X˜rdu¨ $m $»u Ir¥N c« hl[lcW ¥dlIeuG e†Nv« ¥dl IeuG X˜rdu¨ " c Œ ]d¥]¶l»uG "‹ h¹al|u~uau›o. h«¥^l‚ "UrIog„ IŒuIy ‹XskrN rcr|u~e†|o Dl¥cl Zre heuG ¥]lîual \ IlWu¥œlju›lIu~ # IlGkblWo h«¥^lWr \ "arXalbr # âbr|u~e† A¥]¶l»uG "\u`erN u Il›rcr |u~Xo. c›lG Xdaut h«¥^lWuIju S #ZpIldŒo SIoîo a¥hPuI¥jlSu¨ (sms) #h¹r N†N Iy|o e»r eN rcu~u. $SÀr S hoÆs\r« AhoAGA¥h·l ¥^l‚¥Il¥jl ecu ~u¥›l b~u ¥\l|u~ fsdG \ d½lcu er`l KG <]¥bl¹l|jrduau›o. Zr\NcpIy e c h«¥^lWr« X…ltl|r e|uI, _lŒotq ar« ¥]lduG h«¥^l‚ <]¥blKr|uI XuS Ÿrbe h«¥^l‚ "Urk „t c›lG L ˆal W~u ]tblG. "car\uˆo D»reuhabG Ir ˆrbl« ¥]lduG h«¥^lWr« #¥cl S£r duG hGhlcr|uI, IlauIr¥bl¥Sl IlauI¥\l ¥Sl ¥]l d h«¥^lWr¥\lSu ]cualtuI XuSŸrb Ïl alb "ezbr dŒu~¥Xl S h«¥^l‚ "Urk„ NrIrö ¥X¥S› ¥clKlezblbr altu~u. h«¥^l‚ A~ <]IcW¥ŒlSu¨ # h¹r IqSuX« "] ISIcalGer[G ej† h«¥^lWuG hv]³G <]¥_l[ a\h·r d epl]lcŸjuG ~Xo $„t† \šuG ¥N†~ <tŸu¥œly hG`er|u~Xual W ]uXrb hGh¦lcG epl £r« <W†~rcr|u¥œly ]q†W¥_l ]Ialb¥Xl SblWo. al _« ¥^l‚ [¥Œl S hv]³hÌfalb ¥dlIG Iˆr \šoe†|uIy \« Iu~ ¥he\Ÿy|u ]¶Su|l„ hmIcp alcu|u~ ¥eZrI ]ut a hv alb $ jlWo ^boh_ o u|uG Svrštu al |. abr« ¥he\euG Nlšo ah°tuG # L
¥^l¥ˆl drbq-Nr„/A.A-^o.]r.
h«¥^lWuy ]¶ S $Xcal†KŸy hvsIcr N u XuSŸrb¥Xl S ¥Pldrbu S IlcpkaX Iq ˆu~Xr\u¥e›r $e ]r~sSo \r§rX hab¥Œ |o "\ueZr|uIbuG N hG`eŸy $ p br« X ~bu›o.
4 115
#h¹r-bu S i SIo PserXG L erg¦crN _½lIo _trblWo h«¥^l‚ #h
¹r|o ]uXrb auJG \«IrbXo. zdIld¥_l [ard½l X \rargŸy|u¨r« _½lIo _tr ho Æs„ ]cr¥fl[r|u~ al\hrIlez ìgµr|u ~u e~ IlcWŒl« #¥k]ilhpcq] ŒrdlWo $Xr \ 'ÆlIo _tr' A~u erjrN u XuSŸrbXo. ]r~sSo, Rl„ _½lIo _tr|o "Sra ]¶ˆu A~u ]tbu~XuX ~ Dcu îlšho hrG _dlbr altr. www.crackberry.com A~Xo _½lIo _tr <]¥bl¹l|ju S ‹hrŠalb hm“Z e_o hšlWo. Æ¥aW _½lIo _tr ìgµr|u~ "\lefp alb <XoIWø ISuŒ al\hrIh˜†Zau›l|u IbuG _½lIo _tr Ibrdu¨¥]¶ly ašu ¥Pl drIjr« ⊠¥IæsIcr|l„ I»rbl XecrI buG N…u~Xo ¥clKlezblbr ]crWar|uI bualbrcu~u. e_o î»oho \pq ¥Il¥jPo Ur koWtrbu S 2006¿ d ]uXrb ]ZG Æl|o _tr blbrcu~u. \pq¥P»ohrbr d tUo¥K»oho bqWr ¥e»ohršr hoIqy _½lIo _tr "Urk \|utr N o \SŒrb ]T\Œr« ]uXuhaqiŒr« ej c ¥eKG ej†~uecu~ al\hrIlezbl W~lWo ÆlIo _tr hr„¥ëlar \ er¥f gr]¶rN Xo. _½lIo _tr b ¥]l dŒ ~ hal\alb <XoIWø ìgµr|u~ IlcpŒr« #„¥ël boUo ¥^lWuIjuG ]r Dcly|o hu“Œr¥\l¥Sl `lcp¥bl ~rdd½. $„t† \šo ¥h e\Ÿ j Dcu hl[l ¥Sl A~Xr¥\|ly Aó¥bl aSŸo cW $„t† \šo <] \rcu]l[rIalbr hGhlcr|l„ ¥bl¹ler\o "\uIqd alb XcŒr« h« $„t† \šo "ehc alcu|u~u. ¥^lWr« AŸ \ h $„t† \šo hvIlcpX auX dSu|u~ ~r¥efr]¶r|lG A~ er]WrbuG $~o hPsealWo. Xr\o <Œa <ZlicW alWo #„¥ëlboUo. $„t† \šr« KqKry Il›ue~ er]½ealWo #„¥ëlboUo h«¥^l‚ cGKŒuG ‹le† ŒrIal|rbXo. _½lIo _tr îlšho hrG_dl W£r« e„IrS h²l†ˆo¥^lWuIju S hmIcp Ÿy XlcX¥ap\ Iutƒ erdÀo d`pal|uI buG KuW\rdelcŒr« DˆuG ]r~l|G ¥]lIl Xrcr|uIbuG N #„¥ëlboUr \ erec hl¥£XrIXbu S P\IsbauJ a~o er¥fgr ]¶r|lG. KqKry ¥he\Ÿjualbr ¥\crˆo _‡ ]¶SuŒrb #„¥ëlboUo, <]¥bl¹l| j A¥]¶l»uG Dl‚ d\l|r \rd\r†Œu~Xr« edrb ]£u eir|u~u›o. XlcX¥ap\ hl[lc W|lc\r« \r~o "I~u\r~ Pr.]r.Aho. hl¥£XrIerZp¥]lduG #„¥ëlboUr« d`pal Wo. h«¥^l‚ er]Wrbr d {l„UuIy |u ¥a« ¥hl^ošo¥e† ¥\Srb erPb a~uG #„¥ëlboUr \ er¥fgr]¶r|lG. "Xue c ¥\l|rbbuG ¥hlWr AtrIohWuG ¥alˆ¥tlj buG ¥]ldu¨ {l„UuIy|lbrcu~u er]Wr _tl-Io D_la aqdpG IqSuXdu›lbrcu~Xo. $~e† hv albr erIhr]¶rN al _« Dl]¶¥tšrMo hrîŸy ¥]lduG <¥]krN o #„¥ëlboUr¥d|o ¥N ¥|¥t›r e~u. ¥\l|rbbu S hrG_rb„ Dl ]¶¥tšrMo hrî Œ¥]¶lduG ]r~rdl|r #„ ¥ëlboUo ¥dlI D~lG \œtlbXo NucuŸrb e†gŸy Il›lWo. 5 116
]uXrb IldŒo $„t† \šo "Urk\uG h«¥^l‚ "Urk\uG D¥c Xqe« ]krI jlWo. h«¥^l‚ \šoe†|uIju S aq~lG XdautbuG P]¶l\S|au¨ Nrd clPpŸjr« e j†~u Il›rcr|u~ \ldlG XdautbuG ]d ¥]¶l»uG $„t† \šualbr _‡ ]¶ˆ er]udalb hmIcpŸjlWo h«¥^lWr\u \«IrbXo. ^boho_u|u¥]ldu¨ hm“ZhZh·uIy|uG Dl‚ d„ KbrauIy|uG e_o hšuIy |uG Nlšo, $ abr« XuSŸrb hGer[l\Ÿy |l | $~o h«¥^l‚/hoal†ˆo ¥^l‚ eI¥`ZŸy d`palWo. <]¥`l¹ler „t ar\u ˆuIy alóau¨ $S¥ejI j NqgWG N…l \lbr Ntrb h«¥^l‚ KbrauIjuG `ler ‹eN\eu al |bSŸu~ er]WrbuG $~o hPsealWo. #fber\rab cGK Œ er]½eal br altrb h«¥^lWuG hvIlcpXÀo B t ‹l[l\pG \«IuIbuG "¥X habG alhoasUr bbuG IqSrblb $„t† \šuG I¥Il†Œ ]u Xrb IldŒo "e ep¹rPserXŒr« ìgµr |u~ ‹XrIcWŸy IutN uIqSr XsØalWo. \eal[paŸy $cu]Œr\ldu aWr|qtuG \˜ j hvl[s\rN u Il›rcr|u¥œly hv XÔ Nr buG eh´uXI j era†f\l¤Ialbr has]r|l\uau¨ ( Critical thinking) \h†KrI alb I»reuIjuG Aó¥ŒljG ^d‹ZalWo? "Œc alcu Nr blWo ‹hrU„to Xrc ƒ Su]¶uIldŒo \eal[paŸ j ]cale[r <] ¥blKrN o ⊥\Srb "¥acr|„ ‹hrU„to _tlIo D_la b¥]¶lduG "ebu S ISuŒ er a†fI\l|r alšrbXo. al[paŸy etuG er ¥\l¥Zl]l[r alóalIu~u e~uG $„t† \šuG h«¥^lWuG A¥]lUuG A]lUuG aq~lG Xdaut esUr¥bl KbrauIjlb AI·o ¥_lI·uG ¥]½¥îg\u al | ep¹r b ¥\crˆuG "Xue »r P\l[r]Xp ŒbuG haqi ŒbuG XI† |l„ ¥fgrbu¨Xl W~uG $mbr S D_la \SŒrb era†f\G er]udalb N†N Iy|o e »r eN u. EUrPrš« Dle†¥dlUo ' _uŠrerIlhŒr¥„tbuG hv`le cq]eXoIc WŒr¥„tbuG Ntu]¶IldG auX« erer[br\G KlûšuIju S "ar¥Xl]¥blKG \lUsepqiŸ juG h£s†Walb clh‹ÆrbIjuaSŸrb # crI hGer[l\Ÿjr« h£s†Walb alšŸ ju›l|u~Xlbr "«gr¥a»oho K¥egWŸ jrdq S ‹hrŠblb {rˆsgo \pq¥tl h„tr îo hqh„ Üs„ ^s«Uo ]tbu~u. a\ugp „t $Xc "ebeŸjr« \r ~l | epXph´albr Ad½l|ldŒuG alšŸy hG`er|uIbuG Ps erX ]crhcŸy|\uhcrN o ‹XrIcr|uIbuG N…u~ "ebealWo Xd¥N lto. Ntu]¶G au X« Xd¥N ltrdu›lIu~ $m alšŸjlWo Dl ¥clcuŒ¥cbuG her¥fg hv`leŸju¨ ep ¹rIjl|r alšu~Xo. acWGe c ]utG ¥dlI Œ ‹¥XpIXIy|\uhcrN o hvbG ]lI ]¶ ˆu Il›rcr|u~ "ebealWo Xd¥N l t~u Nucu|G. "\lefpalbr acu~uIy <]¥blKr |u¥œl »~¥]l d esUr¥bl KbrauI¥jl SuG A¥]lUr¥\lSuG $„t† \šo, eb† dho \šoe†|o, _½qSqŒo... XuSŸrb er¥\lZ erec hl¥£XrI hGer[l\Ÿ¥jlSuG \rc cG $S alò-`q-ar el†-gr-I-]¶-Xr-]¶o 2011
#h¹r-bu S i SIo PserXG
Œr« Zs†LIld¥Œ|u¨ Dl†abr« (Long IcuXr e|uG. a\ugp\S|au¨ $ Xc PserIjuG $Ÿ \X ~blWo. au„Xdaut brdu›lbrcu~e† \rcskWŸjrdq SbuG el b\brdq SbuG ¥dlI]crNbŒrdq SbuG ¥\Sr bSuŒ ‹l¥blKrIerÉl\G XuS†~u¨ Ps erXŒr« e„ auX«|qˆlbrcu~u. Ntu]¶G au X¥d h«¥^lWuG $Xc KlûšuIjuG <] ¥blKrN u ecu~e†|o ep¹rKX erecŸy ¥]lduG Dl†arN u e¥|›recu~r d½~u alóa d½, XuS†~o "ŒcG <]IcWŸju S hilbG "Xplefpalbr ecuIbuG N…uG. Ntrb IW |uIjl W£r« ¥]lduG Ntu]¶G auX¥d Il« |u¥dštu]¥blKrN o IW|uIqˆr¥]¶l~e†|o ]r~sSXo a\|W|lbr N…l„ ‹blhG ¥\crSltu›o A~XlWo hl¥£Xr¥Il]IcW
term memory)
¥^l¥ˆl _†- _¥šl al-Xpq-ho/A.]r.
]Su¥œly Xd¥N ltr „t h£s†Walb #f bhG¥eZ\ hGer[l\euG her¥fg chXÔ euG alšŸy|o er¥[balIu a~lWo "trb ]¶Su~ ¥hl¥gpljPrîuIqSrblb hqh„ Üs„^s«Uo ]tbu~Xo. $e ep¹rXv Œ hvl [s\r|u~¥Xl Sl]¶G ecuGIldŸjr« a\u gp „t "Srzl\ hv`leŒr« e c e„ al šŸy|o e»r Xjrbr|u a~ualWo Üs„ ^s« Ur „t ]kG. "ÆaŸy "Srzl\albu¨ esUr¥bl KbrauIy|o "SraIjlbecu S al\hrILS \br« e„ alšŸju›lIu~u e~o ¥\c¥Œ X ~ ]d ]T\ŸjuG ejr ]¶SuŒrbrcu~u. BXl›o hal\alb " cskalWo ¥hlgp« \šo e†|rMo hšuIjuy ]ˆ e†Nv« ¥dlIeuG Xs†|u~Xo. $Œc|l† bYl†Y¥dl
IŒo #fber\rabG \SŒu~Xo Iutbu~Xl buG "e ]d¥]¶l»uG erIdalIu~XlbuG hq h„ ]tbu~u. I»rƒ \qtue†gŸy|rS br« eplehlbrI er]½eeuG XuS†~u›lb hl¥£XrIerIlheuG a\ugp\rduG haqiŒr duG ecuŒrbalšŸy "«gr¥a»oho K¥eg Weualbr _‡ ]¶ˆo hqh„ Üs„ ^s«Uo K ¥egWer¥[bal|rbrˆu›o. Adrbu S h°lc Œ "Srzl\al|rbl Wo Ildr¥^l†Wrb h†eIdlfldbr d Dcu IqˆG K¥egI† hl¥£XrIerZp ep¹rbrdu›l |u~ alšŸ j erecrN Xo. AdrIy Dl¥cl ]u Xrb e»rIy Xuc~u I›u]rSr|u¥œl »l | XŸju S PserXŒr« #Ial\G <]¥blKr |leu~ ]lTŸy <y |l¨u~u›o. "e ]r ~sSu¨ PserXblóbr« ‹¥blP\ ]¶Su~ Xc alò-`q-ar el†-gr-I-]¶-Xr-]¶o 2011
Ÿju S "arXalb <]¥blKŒr „t ¥Zlg^dŸy ep¹ al|l„ ]lXuelbr Nq›r|lWr|u~ <ZlicWG. S]¶o tštuG IG]pqˆtuG <]¥blKr|u~e†|o Æ¥aW ¥eKŒr« A»uXr ^dr]¶r|l„ I»rbl Xecu~XuG $Xualbr ¥N†Œu elbr|WG. ]óŸjuG ¥tUr¥blbuG Sdrerg\uG ¥]l d Dcu habŒo Dcu ‹e¼ŒralóG N…u~ebd½ al _duG dl]o¥Sl]¶uaS|au¨ KlûšuIy. D¥c habG ]d her¥fgXIy D~rN u]¥bl L 6 117
#h¹r A~ \rdbr« $„t† \šr ¥\lSu¨ "Su]¶G ¥clKlezblWo, NrIröbuG d`palWo. fsd a~ \rd br« $„t† \šr¥\lSu¨ "Su]¶G _m ŠrI ¿hlaqirI hlGh¦lcrI XdŸ jr« ‹Xr^d\Ÿy ìgµr|u~u›o.
#h¹r-bu S i SIo PserXG
L
Kr|leu~ ]d¥]¶l»uG Sdrerg „tbuG ¥tUr ¥blbu SbuG IG]pqˆtr „tbuG $„t† \šr „t bu al | arârXalWe. \˜u S _uŠrf¹r bu]¥blKrN o N¥…› IlcpŸy ar|XuG I e¨br dlXu|l„ ]uXuXdaut al _« ¥^lWuIy|o I»rbuG. Nr r|l\uG ‹e¼Œr |l\uau¨ $•lf¹rbuy]¶ Sbu¨ Xd¥N ltr „t her¥fgX b (Working memory) $e ‹Xr Iqdalbr _l[r|u~u›o. KlûšuIy <]¥blKr|u~ecu S al\hrI LS\ b|utrN o ]Tr |u~Xr „t `lKal blWo elgrMoS‚ bq haqiŒr« ep¹rbu S $S ]Sdr Wr¥e»ohršrbr d \ ]ljr N »uXl„ $„t† \šr\u h¥|ljPr ‹l^ h† ¥SlUo ¥{etu S I»rƒu. <]¥bl¹l|ju S ]£ljr ¥\òXvŒrdu¨ " Œ¥Œl Sbu¨ erec¥fJcWG °o \pq¥tl hb„trîu \šr« erecŸy aldr\pIqœlcal Iy al _¥dl $ abr« XuSŸrb # br Iu~uIqSu~Xr\o IlcWalIuG. [u\rI erecer\rab hGer[l\Ÿ¥jl d`pa d½lŒ ]Srƒlt„ "¥acr|br d hl„Pu el„ \Zrbrdq S hlihrIbló \SŒrbXo. ‹r„to asUrb Xlˆr¥Ÿlˆo Dl¥cl al[paŸ juG <]¥blKr|u¥œly \˜u S Xd¥N lto ‹ e†Œr|u~Xr¥\|utrN o erer[¥aJdIjr« Kmcealbr K¥egWG \SŒu~eclbrcu~u
7 118
$e†. hv G ¥]l|šr d al _« ¥^l Wr« h¥xfŸ jŒu a~ Nr brd½l X hvzalbr <tŸrbecuG, ]dbrSŒuG h« ¥^lWr\u tbo°o d`r|u~u¥›l b~XS |G ]utG¥dlIeualbr #fber\rabŒr\o ] dXeW âarN ecuG A~rŸ \ c›u Üq]¶u Ijlbr ]rcrƒlWo $e† bló \SŒrbXo. KlûšuIju S $S ]Sdrd½l X ‹ÇXrbualbr $»uIr¥N †~o \SŒrb blóbrduS\sjG " e† ]ch¶cG Dl¥clcuŒcrduau›l|rb `le alšŸy \rcskrN u. Xrcr N Œrb¥fgG ha bG ¥\l|l„ IŒ›br« elN u¨ IlcpG ¥]lduG at~u e~uG _d½Sr|u¥œly alóG h«¥^lWr \|utrN o Dl†ae~ X~uG ¥{e† ]tƒu. ]uXrb Ild Œ Klûšu Iy \˜jrdu›l|u~ "\lefpalb <XoI Wø b|utrN o BšeuG djrXalbr erfZal|uI blbrcu~u "¥©iG. XrIN uG hvl`lerIalb ‹ÇXrbr dŒrb¥]¶ly al\hrI ]rcrautu|G IutƒXlbuG "°uZrehG KlûšuIju S hilbard½l X ]¥°ærbŸju S au»ue„ ¥fgrbuau]¥blKrN ¥]¶ly hv G Xd¥N ltr „t f¹r a\h·rdl|rbXlbuG hGLlGKŸ jr« ]dcuG ep¹al|r. Dl¥cl al[paŸju] ¥blKr|u¥œl»uG Xd¥N ltr d eZpuX XcG KŸjuG c¹NGÆaWeuG epXrbl\ŸjuG K ¥egW er¥[bal|rb $ecu S I›u]rSr ŒŸy al[paŸju›l|u~ `lealšŸ j
alò-`q-ar el†-gr-I-]¶-Xr-]¶o 2011
#h¹r-bu S i SIo PserXG
|utrN u¨ ]T\Ÿy|o B t hilbIalIu IbuG NÂu. DšŒd¥N ltu¨ ¥dlIG #h¹r A~ \rdbr« $„t† \šr¥\lSu¨ "Su]¶G ¥clKlezblWo, "Xr\o NrIröbuG d`palWo. A~l« Dcu fsd a~ \rdbr« $„t† \šr¥\lSo \˜y IlWr|u~ "Su]¶G _mŠrI ¥aJdbrduG hlaqirI hlGh¦lcrI XdŸjrduG ‹Xr^d\Ÿy ìgµr|u~u›o. hlal\p Iœpqˆ† ]crÉl\au¨bly|o KqKr juG er|r]sUrbbuard½lŒ ¥dlI Œ|utrN o $~o Nr r|l\lIrd½. "\relcpalbr Nr r N uG Dl†arN u aSu¥|› "Srzl\ eh´uX Iy|u¥]lduG $„t† \šr \, ar|eltuG Kq Krjr \ #âbr|uIblWo ]Xreo. "tr¥b› eh´uX Àl]¶G er|r A~u ¥N†Œo KqKrjr« h†N u NÂl« hqk²XdŒrdu¨ erec Ÿye c "Su|r ]¶tu|r \rargŸy|u ¨r« \au|u au~r dŒuG. #y|qˆŒr „t "`r‹lb hGÜialb er|r Dcu A„ h ¥I½l]sUrb alóad½ Ad½lG Ipl]ohpqy cq] Œr« d`pal|u~ ]uXrb h_† hGh¦lc Œr „t alòI IqSrblWo. er|r]sUrbÀu]ut¥a <]¥`l¹l|ju S ] £ljrŒau¨ ašu er|r hGer[l\ŸjuG \rd er« e~¥Xl S $„t† \šo e„ erec¥fJc albr altr. ep¹rKX erecŸy hqkr|l„ KqKrjr „t erer[ ¥he\ŸjuG epl]Ialbr <]¥blKrN uecu~u. "\relcpalb ep¹rKX erecŸjuG ]lXu "treuIjuG Dl†arN u e |u~ fsdau¥]krN o "e $„t† \šr \ B d¶rN uXuSŸrb¥Xl SblWo ¥dlI Œd½le†|u au¨ D¥c blcu Dcu Xd¥N lto (Global brain) A ~o $„t† \šr \ er¥fgr]¶rN u XuSŸrbXo. hv alb Xscual\Ÿ j|ly er|r alòI brdu¨ ]dcu¥SbuG "`r‹lbŸju S hGÜi Œr\lWo (web 2.0 collectivism) $~o <]¥bl¹l |jr« `qcr]keuG ‹l[l\pG \«Iu~Xo. Dcu ep¹rbu S "`r‹lb‹IS\alb ]uh´IŸjr dq SbuG ašuG d`r|u~ erecŸ j|ly # [rIlcrIX, ¥dlIŒr „t ]d`lKŸjr« \r ~uG XrcuŒ ]¶SuIbuG Iqˆr¥N †|uIbuG N Âu Il›rcr|u~ er|r <¨S|Ÿy|lWo A~lWo e_o 2.0 IjÅseo Ulšbu S #cl[ Icu S "eIlfelZG. ep¹rIju SXl W~ [lcW¥bl S "tr¥ƒl "trbl X¥bl er a†f\_uŠpl #Wo \˜y "ŒcG "`r‹lb Ÿ jbuG eh´uXI jbuG has]r|uI. A ~l« $„t† \šr d erecŸ jd½lG #[rIl crIal W~ [lcW \rd\r u~¥Xl S `qcr] keuG er|r]sUrb <y ]¶ Sbu¨ IjÅseo e_o hšuI j IüuG]qˆr erfvhr|u~ zrXr e~u¥N†~u. `qcr]kl`r‹lbŒr\o N cró Œ ej N lSr|l„ f¹rbu ›~Xr\o \rce[r <ZlicWŸju›o. haqiŒr „t alŒŒrdu¨ "`r‹lbcq]eXoIcWŒr duG erÉl\, erecer\rab cGKŸjr dbuG hu‹[l\ IürIjlb "[pl]I cbuG K¥eg I cbuG flðÉ cbuG al[pa‹e†ŒI c bu al | $m E#y|qˆŒr „t "`r ‹lb'Ÿy hvl[s\r|u~Xo Zqcepl]I ^dŸ ju›l|uIbuG N…uG. alò-`q-ar el†-gr-I-]¶-Xr-]¶o 2011
$ŒcG IjÅseo UlšIy|o ‹NlcG e†[rN Xr\u ]r~r« $„t† \šr« KqKry ¥\Sr b SuŒ erfvlhpXÀuG ‹auJ ]£u›o. ¥]Po tl£r Mo "Srzl\al|rbu¨ KqKry h†N r« P \‹rbXÀlWo au„KW\, "d½l X #[rIlcr IXÀd½. P\‹rbX #[rIlcrIXÀu Xudpal W~ arYpl[lcW ‹Ncr]¶r|l„ KqKrjr\o I »rƒu e~Xr\u XjrelWo BXuIlcpG h† N u NÂlduG er|r]sUrbÀo ‹Ya ]crKW\ d`r|u~Xo. Dcly A o hvsIcr|W a~o Xs cual\r|u~Xo KqKry ¥]ldu¨ "Ü¥KštuI jlWo. erec¥fJcWŒrduG er\rabŒrduG <]¥bl¹l| j NqgWG NÂo KqKry ¥]l du¨ "Ü¥KštuIy hœ~clIuIbuG Ad½lG Il]ohpqjuIjlbr d`r|u a~ue~¥Xl S <] ¥bl¹l|y $e ìgµrN hGh¦lcŒr\o "Sra blbr, aSrbÓlclbr altuIbual W~lWo ‹ hrŠ hrdr|‚ eldr era†fI\lb Pl¥cl‚ dl\rbtr \ [You are not a gadget: a manifesto(2010) ] ¥]ldu¨e† elZr|u~Xo. Ad½l IlcpŸy|uG $„t† \šr \ #âbr|u~ ]uXrbIldŒo ep¹rIju S era†f\l¤I Nr l¥fgr Iut ƒuecu~u e~ #¥k]eualbr $Xo ¥N† Œu elbr|WG. haqiŒr« Dcu ep¹rbu S $S ]Sdr \buG Nr I jbuG Nušu]lSuI jbuG ]ljr N »uXl„ $„t† \šr\u I»rƒrˆu›o. <] ¥bl¹l|ju S ]£ljrŒ¥Œl Sbu¨ erec ¥fJcW csXr has]`lerbr« $„t† \šr« erecŸy Dcu aldr\pIqœlcalbr Iu~uIqSu ~Xr\o IlcWalIuG. $¥X\rd XuS†~l« \rd erdu¨ #[rIlcrI XbuG erfvlhpXbuG $„t† \šr\o \gµ ]¶ "ÆaŸy "Srzl\alb Kbrau Su a~uG "Xo Æ Iy|o "SraIjlbecu S al\hrIL ¥aW er¥\lZŒr\u S\br« e„ alšŸju›lIu~u e~o ¥e›rbu¨ al[paG alóalbr altu a~u ]T\Ÿju›o. hal\ " cskalWo au¨ eskWeuG e ¥hlgp« \šoe†|rMo hšuIjuy j†~u ecu~u›o. #blhcirXalb ]ˆ e†Nv« ¥dlIG Xs†|u~Xo. PserXG \br|l\u¨ a\ugp „t #Üi euG "Xu NqgWG N…u~ er]WrbuG a\u gp „t "Srzl\ hv`lealš Œ XvcrX ]¶ SuŒrbrˆu›o. IldlezlepXrbl\G ¥]l d KucuXcalWo $ X~o Üs„^s«Uuy]¶ Sbu¨ \pq¥tl hb„trîuIjuG #¥Ôl¥]¶ljPrîuIju al | elZr|u~Xo. al[pa era†fI\lb \s« ¥]lhošoal„ hl¥£XrIerZp b alóG " Srzl\al|r ej†~uecu~ Dcu haqi Œ |utrN o ]tbu~u›o (Technopoly: The Surrender of Culture to Technology). a\ugp „t \plbŸ¥j |ly eduXo hl¥£XrIXbu S \plbŸjl W ~o erfvhr|u~ Dcu haqialWXo. $„t† \šuG h²l†ˆo ¥^lWuG 2G/ 3G hGer[l\ŸjuG #¥Kljepl]Ialbr "Ÿ \ blcu haqiG cq] ]¶Sl\u¨ Nerˆu]SrIjlWo. ilGdr„ \K cŒr« \r~uG AdrI j¥]¶l d IuˆrI jbuG Iu»« erjrN u Iqˆr |l›u¥]lb ]Uo ] ]¶tr „t ]uXrb ]Xr]¶lbr $„t† \šo al _« hl¥£XrI erZp b er¥fgr]¶rN l« Xšrd½. E 8 119