NORTHSIDE NEIGHBORHOOD CONNECTIONS PROJECT REPORT 2017
PREPARED BY GTECH Strategies Growth Through Energy + Community Health 6587 Hamilton Ave | Pittsburgh, PA 15206 gtechstrategies.org Evaine Sing, Executive Director, Ariam Ford, Project Manager Sarah Koenig, Project Manager Lydia Yoder, Project Coordinator
Table of Contents 4
Northside Neighborhood Connections
13 Trail Vision for Northside 16 Developing A Northside Urban Trail 40 Funding a Northside Urban Trail 51 Appendices
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Appendix A - Overview of Urban Trails
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Appendix B - References
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Northside Neighborhood Connections In alignment with resident goals identified during the One Northside Consensus Planning process (2015), the concept of creating a trail system to connect the 18 Northside neighborhoods emerged. Such a trail system would be intended to connect neighbors, celebrate the distinctiveness and character of each neighborhood, improve public safety, protect existing assets, and help leverage resources for the Northside. This report is a summary of the process, vision, and findings of a Northside Trail Planning effort led by GTECH as part of the One Northside initiative.
Alignment with One Northside Goals Over a ten-month period in 2015, thousands of Northsiders participated in a planning process to define their goals for improving the quality of life in all 18 neighborhoods in the Northside. That planning initiative identified 3 core focus areas including Quality of Education, Quality of Employment, and Quality of Place. The concept of creating a trail system to connect community assets in each of the Northside’s 18 neighborhoods was born from a variety of resident-identified objectives falling under Quality of Place. These include: • Developing safe, accessible connection points between neighborhoods; • Improving existing infrastructure including sidewalks, lighting, stairways, and bus shelters; • Increasing opportunities to access and use existing parks; • Beautifying the Northside; • Enhancing business districts; and • Increasing awareness of Northside as a hub for quality arts and cultural experiences. • This report makes the case for how an urban trail in the Northside can help neighborhoods achieve these objectives. One Northside - Northside Neighborhood Connections Goal Alignment Northside Neighborhood Connections Project Objectives
Distribute and Publicize Neighborhood Trail Maps Develop Trail Management Business Model Coordinate Programming Opportunities with Northside Partners Support Funding Efforts
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Trail Buildout Implementation Framework Neighborhood Connectivity Project Implementation
One Northside Goals Safe Connections
Infrastructure Upgrades
Increased Access and Use of Existing Parks
Beautification of the Northside
Highlight Business Districts
Awareness of Northside as a Cultural Hub
Project Overview Phase 1 Northside Trail planning activities were launched in 2015 with the One Northside Asset Mapping and Inventory project (Northside AIM) conducted in partnership with Carnegie Mellon, Chatham, and Penn State Universities. To ensure that local knowledge guided the initiative, 4 Northside residents were contracted as Community Mentors, 13 Northside community meetings were attended, and 6 mobile data collection ‘popup’ events were held. Collectively, the team reached over 300 Northside residents. Additionally, a Technical Expertise Committee (TEC) was formed to ensure that the project integrated and synthesized with existing planning efforts and to provide practical knowledge and build relationships for next steps of the Northside Trail System. The TEC was comprised of 29 regional nonprofits, public agencies, and university partners. The NS AIM project yielded a comprehensive database of 1260 community assets, an interactive map (www. northsideaim.org), and a series of themed and neighborhood-based maps. To move the trail system concept forward, the Northside Neighborhood Connections Phase 1 planning process was conducted from late 2015 - mid 2016. The focus of this initiative was to complete foundational steps to actualize and brand the trail system and identify tangible opportunities for moving the trail system forward while ensuring alignment with existing resident, stakeholder, and community goals and momentum. Core elements of this initiative included: Implemented the NS AIM Action Plan including development of urban trail system case studies, asset prioritization, and conducting primary interviews with urban trail systems, Employed a comprehensive outreach and engagement strategy including the creation of a Northside Trail Advisory Committee, meeting with stakeholders such as Bike Pittsburgh, City Planning, and the Southwestern Pennsylvania Commission, attendance at 16 community meetings to introduce trail system concept and gather resident input, and hosting 2 community meetings; input was also gathered digitally, Analysis of trail system funding opportunities including the development of a matrix of potential funding for various elements of the trail system, submitted an LOI to the Kresge Foundation in partnership with One Northside and Landforce to enhance critical connections between neighborhoods with placemaking and workforce development opportunities (under consideration), and submitted a CFA Multimodal Transportation grant for repair and enhancement of 3 sets of stairways with bicycle runnels, lighting, and signage (unsuccessful), and Mapping and neighborhood brochure development to showcase each neighborhood’s assets; the brochures make the trails a reality in advance of any infrastructure improvements.
Phase 2 In Northside Neighborhood Connections Phase 2, we built upon the findings, momentum, and products of Phase 1. Goals of this phase of work included creating an implementation framework for the Northside Trail System, distribution of the neighborhood trail brochures via placement at 4 Northside destinations and direct delivery to neighborhood groups and stakeholders, continued exploration of funding opportunities, development of a phased approach for implementation, and the identification of partners for the next phases of the initiative.
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The purpose of the Northside neighborhood trail system is to connect neighbors to each other, make the Northside an inviting place for visitors, and show off the amazing treasures it has to offer. As part of the map creation process, GTECH met with community groups and held public meetings for Northsiders to share their ideas for the trail. By incorporating the expertise of residents and the catalog of 1260 Northside treasures from the One Northside Asset Inventory Mapping (AIM), GTECH created 16 walking trail maps of Northside’s neighborhoods. The base data for this project is from City of Pittsburgh Department of City Planning GIS Division and Northside Asset Inventory Mapping, a project of GTECH and One Northside. The route for the trails and featured treasures were chosen based on input from Northside residents, community groups, and an advisory committee. The network of existing and proposed bicycle and pedestrian infrastructure was also taken into account. Information in the neighborhood descriptions found on the map is primarily sourced from the following books and resources: The Allegheny City Society’s history tour booklets Allegheny City : a history of Pittsburgh’s North Side by Dan Rooney and Carol Peter Allegheny City, 1840-1907 by the Allegheny City Society Pittsburgh : a new portrait by Franklin Toker Resurrecting Allegheny City : the land, structures & people of Pittsburgh’s North by Lisa A. Miles Pittsburgh steps : the story of the city’s public stairways by Bob Regan Northside Neighborhood Trail maps can be found at the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh - Woods Run Branch, the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh - Allegheny Branch, and the One Northside office.
Northside Neighborhood Trail Maps
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Me, We, Why Not - Using the Northside Neighborhood Trail GTECH connected with a number of Northside community groups to facilitate programming brainstorms to inform the framework plan. The "Me, We, Why Not" activity is meant to produce a variety of candid responses from residents. The result of the activity is an understanding of how community members think individuals can use the trails, how groups can use the trails and potential roadblocks to successful trail programming. Examples of the results from the activity are shown on the below. Each word is sized to correspond with the number times an idea was suggested. Larger words represent a greater consensus about community desires.
Northside Bike/Ped Committee "We, Me, Why Not" Results
Community Alliance of Spring Garden And East Deutschtown "We, Me, Why Not" Results
Neighborhood Connectivity Project Implementation In support of One Northside's goal to encourage connections between Northside neighborhoods, GTECH undertook an effort to show how improving stairways and gateways in project communities can maximize visual and functional impact. Stairway improvements have a positive impact on safety, stairway functionality, and aesthetics, encouraging better care of these areas. Stairway work entailed invasive species and overgrowth removal, mitigation of any illegal dumping, and handrail painting. In partnership with Landforce, GTECH undertook two stairway cleanup projects, including the Marvista St. stairs in California Kirkbride and the Solar St. stairs in Spring Hill. In addition to stairway improvement projects, GTECH worked with Landforce to spruce up neighborhood gateways and GTECH Ambassador sites implemented in previous years. These upgrades help improve aesthetics while helping to represent the unique character of Northside communities. Activities focused on invasive species and overgrowth removal, vegetation maintenance, sidewalk clearing of weeds and/or debris, mitigation of illegal dumping or littering, touch-up painting, and any other suitable low-cost, high-impact upgrades.
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Marvista Stairway Cleanup Neighbor Notification
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Solar St. Stairway Cleanup - Railing Restoration
Spring Garden Neighborhood Trail Walking Tour Flyer
Urban Trail Programming Pilot - Spring Garden Northside residents consistently suggested "Neighborhood Tours" when asked about the types of activities they would like to see happen along an urban trail in the Northside. To pilot this suggestion, GTECH worked with the Community Alliance of Spring Garden and East Deutschtown and the Department of Public Works to design and install neighborhood trail signs in Spring Garden. Trail sign locations were selected based on the Spring Garden Neighborhood Trail Map created as part of this project. Next, GTECH worked with CASGED, the Allegheny City Society, and Wigle Whiskey to put on a neighborhood walking tour and celebration of Spring Garden. Over 40 people signed up to attend the event which featured live music, food trucks, and partner giveaways.
Northside Neighborhood Connections Project Budget 2016-2017 $1,400 - Stairway Cleanup Project Management and Supplies $34,000 - Multi-Modal Trail Research & Planning $7,500 - Administrative $3,000 - Multi-Modal Trail Planning Consulting $2,100 - Connectivity Project Implementation Hard Costs $2,000 - Printing Brochures $50,000 - Total Project Expenditures
Spring Garden Neighborhood Trail Walking Tourv
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10 Northside Mural
Trail Vision for Northside The following sectoins outline the vision and implementation framework for the creation of a multi-modal urabn trail in the Northside. Through benchmarking, primary interviews with urban trail systems, outreach, and engagement with Northside residents, community groups, and stakeholders such as the Northside Bike/Ped. Committee, a trail system vision was developed. At full build out, the Northside trail system would consist of a series of neighborhood trails connected by a main multimodal loop.
Northside Neighborhood Trails The neighborhood trails will provide an opportunity for residents and visitors to explore each community, connecting them with unique historic, environmental, and cultural assets. Most suitable for walking, these trails will celebrate and highlight the distinctiveness of each neighborhood. Potential trail features include: simple wayfinding signage, interpretive signage, lighting, crosswalks (standard or decorative), public art, planters, benches, bike racks, and improved neighborhood connections.
Neighborhood Trail Length: 37 miles Primary Method of Exploration: Walking Routes: Existing and Improved sidewalks and stairways Impacts / Benefits: • • • • • • • • •
Mechanism to leverage resources Advances public safety Distinguishes regional identity Creates a unique and educational experience Celebrates assets of each neighborhood Enhances business districts Supports public health Connects neighbors Encourages exploration beyond Northshore
Northside Nei ghborhood Tr ail Maps: Allegheny Cen ter
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ghborhood Northside Nei
an Trail Maps: M
chester
Northside Main Multimodal Loop The main trail loop will provide residents and visitors with a dedicated, accessible, unique method to travel around the Northside and also connect to the various neighborhood trails. The length of this loop makes it most suitable for biking, however, the proposed improvements will improve pedestrian conditions as well. The format and length of the main loop allows for advanced elements in addition to the features proposed as part of the neighborhood trails. Potential trail features include those outlined above for neighborhood trails as well as protected bike lanes, bike share stations, traffic calming measures, green stormwater infrastructure, and covered bus stops.
Multimodal Trail Length: 8 miles Primary Mode of Exploration: Biking and walking Routes: Existing and Improved bike and pedestrian infrastructure Impacts / Benefits: • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Increases property values Supports local economy Improves wayfinding Supports public health Celebrates assets of each neighborhood Mechanism to leverage resources Creates a unique and educational experience Advances multimodal transportation options and momentum Advances public safety Creates active recreation opportunities Improves accessibility Distinguishes regional identity Encourages exploration beyond the Northshore Adds tourism value
12 Planning the Northside Multi-Modal Loop
13 Northside Neighborhood Trail Map 2017 - Draft
Implementing A Northside Urban Trail TRAIL ELEMENTS Urban trails consist of many elements that make them successful, usable, and enjoyable for many. An urban trail element is a component of the trail that enhances its usability, safety, and physical and social character in the neighborhood. Trail elements are incorporated into the planning and design of trails to maximize trail benefits and experiences for trail users, and are determined by community stakeholders. In response to the One Northside resident-driven goals, this report focuses on elements that align best with those goals, have been determined to have a value, beyond economic impact, and that have been implemented in successful urban trails throughout the country. The three categories of urban trail elements included in this report are: environment, arts and culture, and safety and getting around. These categories encompass the elements that best meet the goals of the One Northside residents.
Environmental Environmental elements include impacts resulting from ‘greening’, or implementing aesthetic, environmental, and/or recreational benefits of green infrastructure. These benefits often result in an increase in property value (source). According to a report assessing the benefits of green infrastructure in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, green infrastructure is broadly defined as “a network of open space, woodlands, wetlands, parks, trails, greenways, and other natural areas that sustains clean air, water, and natural resources and enriches our quality of life. Green infrastructure, or greening, may also lead to an increase in community pride, and, in some cases, reduced violence and crime, as a result of reclamation efforts, stakeholder investment and community involvement.
Arts & Culture Elements that fall under arts and culture, as illustrated on page x, include public art, connections between neighborhoods that contribute to a greater sense of community, urban trail-oriented programming, and placemaking. Studies consistently highlight the impact that art has on public greenways and urban trails. Public art installations bring people to the city, the attraction, and drive spending. This pattern has consistently produced a return on investment at Cincinnati’s Big Pig Art Gig, public art events, bringing in multi-million dollar net revenues. In many instances, installing public art, ranging from sculptures to small and large murals, serves as an opportunity to engage local artists and art community.
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Safety & Getting Around The third category that best aligns with the One Northside community goals, while illustrating the economic incentive to incorporate certain elements, is ‘safety and getting around’. Safety elements include incorporating bicycle lanes to encourage biking, for ease of getting around, installing bike racks along urban trails, providing wayfinding signage to make for a more enjoyable experience, safety and aesthetic lighting, and structural components, such as improving sidewalks.
Riverview Park Welcome Sign
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NORTHSIDE URBAN TRAIL ELEMENTS
ENVIRONMENT GSI
Greening
• $166.5M is the added property value for homes within a 1/2 mile of a greenbelt (Delaware County, IN)1 • An increase in property tax revenues of $592,000 as a result of greening (Chattanooga, TN)2
Trees
• $2,333 annual benefit from implementing GSI on a commercial street (Lancaster, PA)3 • $334,601 is the benefit of Pittsburgh’s street trees per year4
• 1.02M/year is the benefit of reduced air pollutants over 25 years (Lancaster, PA)5 • Average benefit per tree, per year is $65.10 (Austin, TX)6
ARTS & CULTURE Public Art • 58.2M, net return of a public art event in Cincinnati, OH7 • 20% increase in sales in retail shops, restaurants, and hotels during public art installation (Chicago, IL)8
Programming • Two Ironman events generated over $5.5M directly to the local economy(Dorchester Co., MD)11
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Neighborhood Connections • When streets are more walkable, residents are happier, healthier, and more connected9 • Connectivity of trails leads to an increase in business & neighborhood exploration (Indianapolis, IN)10
Placemaking • An increase of $2.2B in KY’s tourism industry over five years as a result of creative placement strategies (Eastern KY)12
SAFETY & GETTING AROUND Lighting
• 35% increase in trail usage when lighting was present (Chicago, Dallas, LA)13 • “The sense of connectivity did not increase until lighting was installed”(Indianapolis, IN)14
Bicycle Lanes
• Cyclists spend $163/wk compared to $143 among drivers (Multi-city)19 • 65% business owners reported a positive impact on business (San Francisco, CA)20
Sidewalks
• 16% increase in active travel per capita with sidewalk networks (Victoria, CA)15 • Improved sidewalks enhance sense of community and provide better connections to neighbors and businesses16
Bike Parking
• 80 bike racks resulted in a 200% increase in business for nearby restaurants (Fort Worth, TX)21 • $31/hr generated from bike parking versus $6 from cars (Melbourne, AU)22
Wayfinding
• 87% of participants reported that they would explore more with signage (Asheville, NC) 17 • Trail usage increased 33% with signage (Southern NV)18
There are many benefits of trails and greenways that planners, funders, and the public need to know about: they make our communities more liveable; improve the economy through tourism and civic improvement; preserve and restore open space; and provide opportunities for physical activity to improve fitness and mental health - American Trails
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18 Tennessee Riverwalk, Chattanooga, TN
Framework for Trail Activation It is clear that creating an urban trail in the Northside would have a variety of positive community benefits. The logical next step is to map out a strategy to bring the Northside urban trail to life. The following pages present a trail activation framework to be used as a guide when developiong an urban trial implementation strategy for the Northside.
Activate & Continue Formalization of Trail System Our first strategy recommendation is for community leaders and stakeholders to continuinue to formalize the trail system established in Phase 1 through the develompent of neighborhood trail maos. This step can be broken into three parts: coordinating tours, installing signage, and promoting the trail system. The first piece, coordinating tours of the trail system using existing materials, would be among the simplest and least costly activities to implement. The Allegheny City Historic Society, Venture Outdoors, and Urban Hike would likely be very interested in partnering on these tours, and this activity would probably require very minimal staff oversight time. This activity would have numerous social benefits, including connecting neighbors, enhancing community pride, distinguishing regional identity, providing a unique and educational experience for residents and visitors, and encouraging exploration beyond the Northshore. There are also economic and physical benefits to be gained from the coordination of tours, such as supporting the local economy, creating opportunities to leverage additional funds for Northside businesses and CBO’s, and building momentum for other needs, such as infrastructure. The second piece of this first strategy, installing simple wayfinding signage along the route, would be slightly more difficult and costly than coordinating tours, but still considered “low-hanging fruit.” Ensuring implementation of this signage would likely take one part-time staff member, working to partner with CBO’s and the Department of City Planning. This strategy would have the same social benefits as the trail tour coordination, in addition to improving public safety. Additional benefits include supporting the local economy, creating opportunities for Northside businesses and CBO’s to leverage additional funds, and building momentum for other needs. Additionally, it would improve multi-modal accessibility and navigation, as well as supporting the advancement of alternative transportation in the Northside. The final piece of activating and continuing to formalize the trail system would be promoting it both as an activity and as something worth the commitment of additional resources. There are tremendous benefits to be gained here. As with the other two parts of this strategy, promoting the trail has the potential to support the local economy and create opportunities to leverage additional funds for Northside businesses and CBO’s. Potential social benefits from this promotion include helping to distinguish regional identity, providing residents and visitors with a unique and educational experience, encouraging exploration beyond the Northshore, and improving public safety. Promotion would also support the advancement of alternative transportation in the Northside, build momentum for other Northside needs, and improve accessibility and navigation. Similar to the second part of the strategy, promotion would likely take one part-time staff member to coordinate and would be of minor difficulty but relatively inexpensive. Potential partners on the promotion include the Northside Leadership Conference (NSLC), Visit Pittsburgh, Bike Pittsburgh, and Councilwoman Darlene Harris.
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Enhance Trail System Programming The second recommendation involves enhancing trail system programming. As with the first strategy, this course of action can be broken into three parts: youth educational programming, tour options through partnerships, and hosting the NSTS competition. The staff commitment for conducting youth-focused educational programming related to the trail system (e.g., treasure hunts or educational games) is estimated to require between one part-time and one full-time staff member. This programming, however, would be relatively inexpensive and simple to implement. Allegheny City Historic Society, and Venture Outdoors are potential partners for this programming, which would connect neighbors, enhance community pride, distinguish regional identity, and improve public safety and health. The second part of this strategy, increasing tour options through partnerships with groups such as Ducky Tours or Pittsburgh Transportation Group, has a number of benefits associated with it. These tour options can help distinguish regional identity, improve public safety, encourage people to explore the Northside beyond the Northshore, and provide a unique educational experience for residents and visitors. Additionally, it would support the local economy, create opportunities for Northside businesses and CBO’s to leverage additional funds, and build momentum for other needs, such as lighting and infrastructure. For this strategy, we estimate that between one part-time and one full time staff member would be necessary for oversight. Increasing tour options would require a greater outlay of funds than the educational programming, but would still be relatively inexpensive and about the same level of difficulty as implementation of the educational programming. The Chamber of Commerce would be a good partner to involve in this endeavor. The final objective involves enhancing the trail system’s programming by hosting the NSTS competition. Potential partners on this competition would be P3R, the Northside Bike/Ped Committee, and the NSLC. This competition would be moderately difficult to implement and about as expensive as increasing the tour options. Such a competition we estimate would take approximately one and a half full-time staff members do implement effectively, but all this investment would yield a ton of social benefits. Improving public health and safety, connecting neighbors, encouraging exploration throughout the Northside, enhancing community pride, providing competition-goers with a unique and educational experience, and distinguishing regional identity are just some of the benefits this competition would bring to the Northside. The NSTS competition would also build momentum for other needs, as well as support the local economy.
Enhance Critical Connections Between Neighborhoods Another strategy to be explored is the enhancement of critical connections between neighborhoods. As this strategy is heavily focused on the appearance and composition of the trails themselves, there are numerous physical benefits associated with it, including supporting the advancement of alternative transportation in the Northside, improving accessibility and navigation, and building momentum for other infrastructure needs. This two-part strategy is important for making the Northside more cohesive. Both parts are relatively expensive and difficult to implement compared to the other strategies we have identified.
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The first step is improving these critical connections between neighborhoods using beautification, placemaking, green stormwater infrastructure (GSI), and artwork. Potential partners for this part of the strategy would be CBO’s, the Department of City Planning, Neu Kirche, and Bike Pittsburgh, and this part would likely require approximately one and a half full-time staff. In addition to the aforementioned physical benefits, this course of action produces a variety of social and economic benefits, including connecting
neighbors, enhancing community pride, distinguishing regional identity, providing a unique and educational experience for neighbors and visitors, encouraging exploration beyond the Northshore, improving public safety, creating more opportunities for Northside businesses and CBO’s to leverage additional funds, and increasing property values. The second step, repairing and enhancing infrastructure at critical connections (such as stairways, lighting, signage, and adding bicycle runnels along stairways), would require around two full-time staff members to implement. CBO’s, the Department of City Planning, and Bike Pittsburgh could also be potential partners for this part of the strategy, and the Northside Bike/Ped Committee may also be interested in participating. This part would have similar social and economic benefits to the improvement of critical connections part, including increasing property values, creating opportunities to leverage additional funds for Northside businesses and CBO’s, supporting the local economy, improving public health and safety, encouraging wide exploration throughout the Northside, connecting neighbors, and distinguishing regional identity.
Formalize Connections Between Neighborhood Routes & MultiModal Loop A fourth strategy is the enhancement of infrastructure along existing portions of the main multi-modal loop that was identified in Phase 1. This includes enhancing the existing bicycle routes with signage, placemaking initiatives, art, and GSI installations. This strategy would continue to support the social, economic, and physical benefits that we have examined: connecting neighbors, enhancing community pride, distinguishing regional identity, providing residents and visitors with a unique and educational experience, encouraging exploration beyond the Northshore, improving public safety and health, supporting the local economy, creating opportunities for Northside businesses and CBO’s to leverage additional funds, increasing property values, improving accessibility and navigation, building momentum for other infrastructure needs, and supporting the advancement of alternative transportation in the Northside. This strategy would be relatively difficult and moderately expensive, with capacity needs of approximately two full-time staff. We envision CBO’s, the Department of City Planning, the Northside Bike/Ped Committee, and Bike Pittsburgh as possible partners for this strategy. The next strategy involves formalization of connections between the individual neighborhood routes and the main multi-modal loop. This strategy has two parts, the first of which, installing interpretive signage and bike racks at the connection points between each route and the loop, will be of moderate difficulty and cost. It will likely require two and a half full-time staff members, but has a large number of possible partners, including CBO’s, the Department of City Planning, the Northside Bike/Ped Committee, Bike Pittsburgh, and perhaps even the Mattress Factory. Economic benefits include increasing property values, supporting the local economy, and creating opportunities to leverage additional funds for Northside businesses and CBO’s, while physical benefits include supporting the advancement of alternative transportation in the Northside, building momentum for additional infrastructure needs, and improving accessibility and navigation. Social benefits include improving public safety and health, encouraging exploration beyond the Northshore, providing residents and visitors with a unique and educational experience, distinguishing regional identity, and connecting neighbors. The second half the strategy involves installing additional elements, such as planters or public art, at connection points between the main trail loop and the neighborhood routes. This part has all the same economic, physical, and social benefits as the first part of the strategy, with the addition of enhancing
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community pride. The installation of these additional elements will again be moderately expensive, but we anticipate it to be more difficult than the installation of signage and bike racks. This part of the strategy will also require approximately 2.5 full-time staff, and the Greater Pittsburgh Arts Council, Manchester Bidwell Corporation, and Mattress Factory may be willing to partner, especially on public art.
Enhance Neighborhood Walking Trails The penultimate strategy proposed here is enhancing the neighborhood walking trails. This strategy is broken down into three distinct parts. The first part is focusing on improving infrastructure, including poorly marked or non-existent crosswalks, crumbling sidewalks, and poor lighting on the neighborhood walking routes. These types of improvements would appeal to organizations such as the Northside Bike/Ped Committee, Bike Pittsburgh, the Department of City Planning, and CBO’s. This part of the strategy is one of the most expensive and difficult to implement proposals throughout this report, but would have a range of benefits, including improving accessibility and navigation, building momentum for other infrastructure needs, supporting the advancement of alternative transportation in the Northside, creating opportunities for Northside businesses and CBO’s to leverage additional funds, increasing property values, encouraging exploration throughout the entire Northside, improving public health and safety, connecting neighbors, and enhancing community pride. We estimate it would take approximately three full-time staff to oversee this part of the strategy. The second part of enhancing the neighborhood walking trails involves the installation of elements such as interpretive signage, plaques, and trash cans adjacent to various assets along the individual trails. Concerted action here, which would be of moderate difficulty and cost, would yield every social, economic, and physical benefit that we have examined: connecting neighbors, enhancing community pride, distinguishing regional identity, providing residents and visitors with a unique and educational experience, encouraging exploration beyond the Northshore, improving public safety and health, supporting the local economy, creating opportunities for Northside businesses and CBO’s to leverage additional funds, increasing property values, improving accessibility and navigation, building momentum for other infrastructure needs, and supporting the advancement of alternative transportation in the Northside. Three full-time staff would coordinate this initiative, and organizations such as the Allegheny City Historic Society, the Northside Development Fund, CBO’s, the Northside Leadership Council, Allegheny Cleanways, and the Pennsylvania Resource Council may be interested in working together on planning and implementation. The final part of this strategy, installing supplemental elements along the neighborhood walking trails, such as benches, planters, and public art, would have all the same benefits as the second part, but would likely require somewhat more staff to coordinate—we estimate approximately 3.5 full-time staff. This installation would be moderately expensive and relatively difficult, but could benefit from partnerships with CBO’s, the Department of City Planning, the Northside Bike/Ped Committee, Bike Pittsburgh, and various other cultural organizations.
Complete Multi-Modal Loop
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The final strategy we propose is the completion of the multi-modal loop. Similar to the final two parts of the previous strategy, each part of this strategy would have each and every social, economic, and physical benefit identified in this study. Potential partners for each part include CBO’s, the Department of City Planning, the Northside Bike/Ped Committee, and Bike Pittsburgh. The completion of the multi-modal loop is broken into three parts.
The first part focuses on the completion of the prioritized section of the multi-modal connector loop. It would be very expensive and very difficult to implement, and would require approximately 3.5 full-time staff to coordinate. The second part involves enhancing the priority areas of the routes with placemaking, GSI, public art, and similar amenities. This part of the strategy would be moderately expensive and slightly less difficult than the completion of the prioritized section of the loop, but would require an estimated four full-time staff to oversee its implementation. Various cultural organizations may be interested in getting involved with this part, as well as the third part of the strategy, filling the infrastructure gaps and continuing to enhance the non-priority areas of the loop with additional elements. These additional elements could include lighting, benches, interpretive signage, gateway signage, placemaking, and GSI. This third part of the strategy would again be very difficult to implement, and likely very expensive, and would require around four full-time staff. The important distinction between the second and third parts of this strategy is that the second part focuses on the priority areas of the route--areas with high visibility and usage. Tackling these priority areas can build momentum for taking similar actions throughout the remaining parts of the route, which is the third part of the strategy.
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STRATEGIES FOR TRAIL ACTIVATION Activate & Continue Formalization of Trail System COST: PARTNERS: Allegheny City Historic Society, Venture Outdoors, Urban Hike, CBO’s, City Planning, NSLC, Visit Pittsburgh, Bike Pittsburgh, Darlene Harris
ACTIVITIES • Coordinate tours of trail system with existing materials • Install simple wayfinding signage along route • Trail system promotion
Complete Multi-Modal Loop COST: PARTNERS: CBOs, City Planning, NS Walk/Ride Committee, Bike Pgh, Cultural Orgs
ACTIVITIES: • Focus on completion of prioritized section of multi-modal connector loop • Enhance routs with placemaking, GSI, public art, etc. • Fill the infrastructure gaps and continue to enhance with additional elements such as placemaking, lighting, GSI, benches, interpretive signage, gateway signage, etc.
Enhance Trail System Programming COST: PARTNERS: Allegheny City Historic Society, Venture Outdoors, Chamber of Commerce, P3R, NS Walk/Ride Committee, NSLC
ACTIVITIES: • Conduct youth-focused educational programming related to trail system such as treasure hunting or educational games. • Increase tour options through partnerships with local Pittsburgh groups (Ducky Tours, Pgh Transportation Group, etc.) • Host NSTS competition
Enhance Critical Connections Between Neighborhoods COST: PARTNERS: CBOs, City Planning, NS Walk/Ride Committee, Bike Pgh
ACTIVITIES:
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• Improve critical connections between neighborhoods with beautification, placemaking, green stormwater infrastructure (GSI), and art • Repair and enhance infrastructure at critical connections, including: stairways, addition of bicycle runnels on stairways, lighting, and signage
Enhance Neighborhood Walking Trails COST: PARTNERS: CBOs, City Planning, NS Walk/Ride Committee, Bike Pgh, Allegheny City Historic Society, Northside Development Fund, NSLC, Allegheny Cleanways, Pennsylvania Resource Council, Bike Pgh, Cultural Organizations ACTIVITIES: • Focus on improving infrastructure such as crosswalks, sidewalk condition, and lighting along neighborhood walking routes • Install elements such as interpretive signage, plaques, and trash cans to assets along neighborhood walking trails • Install additional elements such as benches, planters, and public art along neighborhood walking trails
Formalize Connections Between Neighborhood Routes & MultiModal Loop COST: PARTNERS: CBOs, City Planning, NS Walk/Ride Committee, Bike Pgh, Mattress Factory, Greater Pgh Arts Council, Neu Kirche, Manchester Bidwell Corp, Mattress Factory
ACTIVITIES: • Install interpretive signage and bike racks at connection points between main trail loop & neighborhood routes • Install additional elements such as planters or public art at connection points between main trail loop & neighborhood routes
25 Indianapolis Cultural Trail
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Northside Multi-Modal Trail
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Funding a Northside Urban Trail There is a wide array of funding opportunities available for continuing the progress made on connectivity in the Northside. One state-level funding opportunity in Pennsylvania is the Greenways, Trails, and Recreation Program (GTRP). Nonprofits, government entities, and similar organizations are eligible to apply for this grant, up to a maximum of $250,000. Eligible projects include planning, acquisition, development, rehabilitation, and repair of greenways, recreational trails, open space, parks, and beautification projects. The grant should primarily fund actual infrastructure, and it requires applicants to contribute a 15% match of the request. Applications are typically due at the end of June. More information can be found here: http://dced.pa.gov/ programs/greenways-trails-and-recreation-program-gtrp/. A similar state-level funding opportunity in Pennsylvania is the Multimodal Transportation Fund. Grants awarded under this fund may be used for the development, rehabilitation, and enhancement of transportation assets to existing communities, streetscape, lighting, sidewalk enhancement, pedestrian safety, connectivity of transportation assets, and transit-oriented development. A separate requirement is that any infrastructure improvements made with the funds must be for more than one mode of transportation. Similar to the GTRP, nonprofits, government entities, and similar organizations are eligible to apply for funding, but must post a 30% match. Requests must be for a minimum of $100,000, and can range up to a maximum of $3 million. The application period each year runs from March 1 through July 31. More details are available on the website: http://dced.pa.gov/programs/multimodal-transportation-fund/. There are a variety of federal funding opportunities in addition to the noted state-level options. The Transportation Investment Generating Economic Recovery (TIGER) Discretionary Grant program, in existence since 2009, funds transformative projects that advance key transportation goals such as safety, innovation, and opportunity. Trail and greenway projects have been partially funded in the past under this mechanism, including the Boston Freedom trail and the Indianapolis Cultural trail. These are relatively large grants, with the minimum award typically being at least $10 million, while in the past some awards have exceeded $30 million. Applicants must be government agencies, including local and hyper-local entities. Applications require a 25% match alongside a robust cost-benefit analysis. The application deadline is typically in April or May, and more information can be found here: https://www.transportation.gov/tiger. Another federal source of funding is the Rivers, Trails, and Conservation Assistance Program through the National Park Service (NPS). Nonprofits, government entities, and the like are eligible to apply for technical assistance from NPS for conservation and recreation projects with broad community support. There is no match of funds required, but NPS does ask that staff support be available to manage the assistance. Applications for these funds have had varied due dates the past couple years, but generally have been due in the summer months. NPS requests that organizations or entities who plan to apply contact NPS at least 30 days in advance to discuss and refine the proposed projects. More details are available on NPS’ website:
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https://www.nps.gov/orgs/rtca/apply.htm. Our Town: Arts Engagement, Cultural Planning, and Design Projects is another possible source of federal
37 Rose Kennedy Greenway, Boston, MA
funding. Applicants under this grant should be nonprofit organizations who partner with one or more local government entities for the purposes of the project. Each project should be representative of the distinct character and quality of the community in which it will reside. Funds are available up to $200,000, in increments of $25,000, and the project requires a 100% match to be approved for funding. Applications are typically due in early to mid-September, with announcement of the awards the following April. More information can be found here: https://www.arts.gov/grants-organizations/our-town/arts-engagementcultural-planning-and-design-projects-introduction.
One subset of the Our Town grant structure is called Projects that Build Knowledge About Creative Placemaking. As the name suggests, this area of the Our Town program works to build and disseminate creative placemaking knowledge to a broader audience. As this is part of the overall Our Town grant process, all requirements and due dates are identical to those already laid out. However, the maximum amount of funding in this area is only $100,000 (again, in increments of $25,000). Further details regarding this specific area of Our Town are available here: https://www.arts.gov/grants-organizations/our-town/projects-that-buildknowledge-about-creative-placemaking-award-information. Federal funds are also available through the Art Works grant program. These grants range from $10,000 to $100,000, but are generally $25,000 or less. Art Works funds projects that could be transformative (artistically, socially, or otherwise), are distinctive, and/or could be shared or emulated. Applicants must be nonprofit organizations, government entities, or similar, and there are two opportunities to apply: one in late February/early March and another in July. A 100% match is required for these funds. For more information on this grant, visit the National Endowment for the Arts’ website here: https://www.arts.gov/grantsorganizations/art-works/grant-program-description.
38 Charlotte Rail Trail
The final federal grant program in this list is the Challenge America program. These funds, through the National Endowment for the Arts, are intended to extend the reach of the arts to under-served populations, i.e. those who have difficulty experiencing art due to geography, ethnicity, economics, or disability. Small and medium-sized nonprofits, government entities, and the like are eligible to apply for a $10,000 grant, provided they contribute a $10,000 match. The application materials are typically due in April. More information can be found here: https://www.arts.gov/grants-organizations/challenge-america/grant-program-description. As a brief aside, the preceding four federal grants are administered through the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA). As noted on its website, the president’s initial fiscal year 2018 budget calls for the elimination of the NEA. However, NEA will continue accepting grant applications and “will continue to operate as usual until a new budget is enacted by Congress.” This is always a caveat for grant possibilities, as funding may become unavailable at any time. For the purposes of this section we assume all the grants we describe will continue to be available, while keeping this in mind. One non-government grant to consider is provided by ArtPlace America, a national coalition of foundations, federal agencies, and financial institutions working to position arts and culture as a core piece of community planning and development. ArtPlace’s National Creative Placemaking Fund looks to invest in planning and development projects where arts and culture play a central role. This grant, ranging from $100,000 to $500,000, is available to all types of organizations, and does not require matching funds. A letter of intent is typically due in late February or early March. More details on the program and coalition can be found on ArtPlace’s website here: http://www.artplaceamerica.org/our-work/national-creative-placemaking-fund/ introduction. Corporate foundations are also potential sources of funds for these types of projects. One particularly interesting program is the Heart of the Community grant program, funded by Southwest Airlines in partnership with the Project for Public Spaces. These grants are awarded to projects that seek to bring new life to public spaces—those with the potential for catalytic impact in the project city. These grants range from $25,000 to $200,000, and applicant organizations must own the property in question or have a formal agreement with the owner of the space. No match is required, but the program will match technical assistance on top of the main grant. Applications are usually due in October, and more information can be found here: https://www.pps.org/heart-of-the-community. The Kresge Foundation is a national foundation with a variety of funding areas. One of these areas, within its Arts and Culture Program, is titled Creative Placemaking. One focus area of Creative Placemaking is Pioneering New Approaches, which funds pilot projects that addresses challenges to the effectiveness of creative placemaking. Applications are accepted on a rolling basis, and any amount up to $1 million can be requested. No match is necessary. A brochure regarding the program is available here: http://kresge.org/ sites/default/files/Kresge-Arts-Culture-brochure.pdf.
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FUNDING A NORTHSIDE URBAN TRAIL Funding Opportunity
Funder Description
Due Date
Amount
Greenways, Trails and Recreation Program (Act 13)
Planning, acquisition, development, rehabilitation and repair of greenways, recreational trails, open space, parks and beautification projects using the Greenways, Trails and Recreation Program (GTRP). Work should focus on actual infrastructure.
June
$250K
Multimodal Transportation Fund (Act 13)
Funds may be used for the development, rehabilitation and enhancement of transportation assets to existing communities, streetscape, lighting, sidewalk enhancement, pedestrian safety, connectivity of transportation assets and transit-oriented development. Infrastructure improvements must be for more than one mode
July
$100K - $3m
TIGER Grants
TIGER continues to invest in transformative projects that will provide significant and measurable improvements over existing conditions. The awards recognize projects nationwide that will advance key transportation goals such as safety, innovation, and opportunity. Indianapolis Cultural Trail and Boston
April or May
$10m Minimum
August
Technical Assistance Only
Rivers, Trails and Conservation and recreation projects with broad Conservation Assistance Program community support
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Required Match
15%
30%
Type
Eligibility
Link
State
Non-Profits Governments
http://www.newpa.com/programs/ greenways-trails-and-recreationprogram-gtrp/#.V1rE7-eDGko
State
Non-Profits Governments
http://www.newpa.com/programs/ multimodal-transportation-fund/#. V1rFuOeDGko
Government 25%
Federal
https://www.transportation.gov/tiger of any scale
Staff Support
Federal
Non-Profits Governments
https://www.nps.gov/orgs/rtca/apply. htm
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FUNDING A NORTHSIDE URBAN TRAIL Funding Opportunity
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Funder Description
Due Date
Amount
OUR TOWN: Arts Engagement, Cultural Planning, and Design Projects
Arts engagement, cultural planning, and design projects should represent the distinct character and quality of their communities, and be carried out by a nonprofit organization in partnership with a local government entity.
September
Increments of $25K up to $100K
Our Town: Projects that Build Knowledge About Creative Placemaking
This area of Our Town funding is to build and disseminate creative placemaking knowledge more broadly
September
Increments of $25K up to $100K
Artplace America
The National Creative Placemaking Fund invests in planning and development projects where arts and culture play a central role. ArtPlace actively seeks to build a portfolio of funded projects that is a microcosm of the varied creative placemaking strategies used across the United States through this program.
February
$100K - $500K
Challenge America
Support primarily to small and mid-sized organizations for projects that extend the reach of the arts to under-served populations -- those whose opportunities to experience the arts are limited by geography, ethnicity, economics, or disability.
April
$10K
Required Match
100%
Type
Federal
Eligibility
Link
Non-Profits Governments
https://www.arts.gov/grantsorganizations/our-town/projectsthat-build-knowledge-about-creativeplacemaking-award-information
100%
Federal
Non-Profits Governments
https://www.arts.gov/grantsorganizations/our-town/projectsthat-build-knowledge-about-creativeplacemaking-award-information
N/A
National Coalition
All
http://www.artplaceamerica.org/ourwork/national-creative-placemakingfund/introdu
Non profits Government, 100%
Federal
*If applied for, the only other National Arts Endowment grant you can apply for is a
https://www.arts.gov/grantsorganizations/challenge-america/grantprogram-descrip
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FUNDING A NORTHSIDE URBAN TRAIL Funding Opportunity
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Funder Description
PPS / SW Airlines Heart of the Community
We are looking for projects that address clear needs in the local community and have the potential for catalytic impact in the project city.
Kresge - Pioneering New Approaches
We seek to learn how and under what conditions creative placemaking contributes to neighborhood revitalization. We are interested in the economic, physical, social and cultural changes associated with creative placemaking and in gathering data about its impact
Due Date
Amount
October
$50K - $100K in Funding + Matching Technical Assistance
Rolling Basis
Up to $1M
Required Match
Type
Eligibility
Link
N/A
Corporate Foundation
Must own Property or have formal agreement with owner
http://www.pps.org/hotc-faq/
N/A
National Foundation
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Appendices
47
B-Line Trail, Bloomington, Indiana
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Appendix A - Overview of Urban Trails
Overview of Urban Trail Systems “An urban trail is a public pathway that provides a well-maintained corridor through an urban environment. Urban trails allow people to travel from one place to another, on foot, bicycle, wheelchairs, and more, without any threat from motor vehicles.” - Change Lab Solutions
What are Urban Trails? Urban Trails are multi-use public pathways that create space for active transportation through built environments. Urban trails provide mobility for active transportation and , often referred to as “greenways”, allow people to choose various modes of travel, such as walking, running, bicycling, skating, stroller and wheelchair use, without threat from nearby motor vehicles. Successful urban trails incorporate paved walkways, connect popular city destinations, and are long and narrow corridors and are often incorporated into existing infrastructure and roads and are frequently seen alongside waterways and abandoned railroad tracks. Urban trails, or greenways, can be utilized by people of all ages and lend themselves to a plethora of recreational activities. In a ten-year Rails-to-Trails study, conducted from 2006-2016, nearly half of primary trail activity was used for biking, followed by walking/hiking and jogging. A popular Urban Trail in Austin, Texas found that the most common trail activity was walking, at nearly 90 percent, followed by biking, then water activities, such as rowing, rafting or boarding. Indicating that health, recreation, and training were the top purposes of trail use. Austin Furthermore, this survey, measuring trail users in Pennsylvania and New Jersey, found a diverse age of trail users; 24% (the majority) of trail users fall between 56-65 years of age, followed by 26-35 year olds, indicating that trails are utilized by diverse age groups, and for many purposes. Trails are often multi-million dollar investments, and funded through a variety of opportunities, including federal, state, local, and private funding sources. The case studies that are presented in this report were funded by federal transportation grants, various federal departments, TIGER (Transportation Investment Generating Economic Activity) grants, and individual, private and corporate support.
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50 The Freedom Trail, Boston, Massachusetts
Benefits of Urban Trails Investments in urban trails lend themselves to positive to community, economic, environmental, public health and transportation sector impacts. Because of the plethora of recreational activities urban trails facilitate, connections they make, greenspace they add and safety they provide, the benefits of urban trails can be experienced in many categories, of which can then be translated into a financial value to more comprehensively assess trail benefit and the return on supporters’ investments. The impacts of urban trails are briefly described, per benefit category, in the preceding paragraphs.
Community Benefits Urban trails encourage interaction between and among neighbors, friends, and visitors. These interactions are the building blocks for a stronger, more connected, or built, community. Built communities result from connected residences, retail and commercial centers, educational facilities, recreation areas, and other local assets. Another way in which urban trails benefit the community is by providing connections between a city’s culture and heritage by providing access to historic places and sites. Cultural trails, such as the Boston Freedom Trail or Washington D.C.’s African American Heritage Trail, showcase important historical events and allow trail-goers to experience part of the city’s culture and historical significance. Connected communities, via the implementation of urban trails, increase the number of pedestrians and cyclists and, but they cultivate a sense of community-- especially when cultural elements are incorporated into the design. 2 Furthermore, urban trail studies report that connected communities correlate to decreased social isolation, resulting in the potential to increase the overall health of the community.
Economic Benefits Greenways have the potential to produce direct and indirect economic benefits. From increasing nearby home values, connecting people to local businesses, and job creation, urban trails benefit local economies in multiple capacities. Economic benefits of urban trails include: • Tourism • Event(s) revenue • Urban redevelopment • Community improvement outcomes • Increased property and corporate values • Healthcare savings (direct and indirect) • Job creation and investment • General consumer spending In addition to increasing home values, urban trails increase corporate real estate. In one study, for every quarter mile closer to the trail, office rent values rose .28 per square foot. General consumer spending includes hard goods and supplies related to trail use; one study reported that trail users spent on average $383 per year on hard good and supplies relating to trail use trail users spent an average of $16.53 per trail outing.
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Environmental Benefits Urban trails did not get the name “greenways” by coincidence. Greenways improve air and water quality, decrease the amount of CO2 emitted, help protect and preserve habitats, serve as natural stormwater infrastructure, and allow more people to see, experience, and learn about nature. The degree of environmental benefits depend on factors such as project scale, budget, planning and purpose, and programming. The impact categories which this report focuses on are “the effects of greening”, and the , green stormwater infrastructure (GSI), and the impact that trees alone offer.
Public Health Benefits Greenways have the potential to produce direct and indirect economic benefits. Literature notes the link between increased activity and decreased risk for many chronic diseases, increased mental fitness, greater weight management, and decreased healthcare costs. 5 Because urban trails encourage greater levels of physical activity among residents and visitors, individuals and the population at large benefit from decreased healthcare costs.
Transportation Benefits As noted above, a primary benefit of urban trails include providing alternative modes of transportation (thus decreasing traditional traffic congestion). According to the Rails-to-Trails Conservancy, nearly half of all trips taken in the United States are less than three miles, making urban trails a safe, alternative method of transportation for shorter commutes. It should be noted that all of these benefit categories are interrelated and shape the outcomes and true benefits of each individual urban trail. Additionally, these benefits are not exhaustive, and are constantly re-framed as studies and research continue. The case studies presented aim to illustrate the key elements of various nation-wide trails, which inform readers and urban trail implementers alike the diversity of urban trail benefits experienced.
52 Orlando Urban Trail
53 Schuylkill River Trail, Philadelphia, PA
Case Studies Indianapolis
The Indianapolis Cultural Trail includes an eight mile linear bike and pedestrian path and connects six cultural districts and neighborhoods. The trail is lined with stormwater planters that act as buffers for the road. Running through the heart of downtown, the trail connects residents and visitors to the history and culture of Indianapolis through signage and public art. Cost: $62.5M Length: 8 mi Key Elements: Bike and pedestrian lanes, GSI along bike/ped lanes, art (local artists, point to historic/cultural events), bike share Impacts/ROI: Estimated economic impact is $864.5M More Info: connects 6 cultural districts, www.indyculturaltrail.org
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Boston The Freedom Trail was created in 1953 as a way to showcase and preserve 16 historic sites throughout Boston. The 2.5 mile trail is marked with a red line on the ground (made of bricks or paint) to guide visitors to each destination. Destinations include the Massachusetts State House, King’s Chapel, Granary Burying Ground, Old Corner Bookstore, and the Bunker Hill Monument among other. Phase II of the project includes a dedicated bicycle lane that is separated from traffic by a physical barrier, sidewalk widening, ADA upgrades and more. The trail connects residents and visitors with historic assets of Boston. Cost: Phase I: Unknown, Phase II: $23.7M Length: 2.5 mi Key Elements: Wayfinding, Cultural highlights, bike lanes Impacts/ROI: Connects and preserves 16 historic sites throughout Boston More Info: www.thefreedomtrail.org , dedicated preservation fund
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Washington D.C. The African American Heritage Trail highlights African American historic and cultural sites in Washington, D.C.. Over 200 way-points guide highlight users through 15 neighborhoods. While the trail is not physically marked on the streetscape, maps are available for self-guided tours. Cost: Unknown Length: Determined by cultural and historical sites Key Elements: Cultural Signage Impacts/ROI: Identifies more than 200 sites that are important in local and national history and culture More Info: http://www.culturaltourismdc.org/
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Austin The Ann and Roy Butler Hike-and-Bike Trail at Lady Bird Lake is an urban trail located along the lake’s edge, passing through many of Austin’s main attractions. The City and The Trail Foundation’s efforts, since 2003, have focused on protecting and improving the trail and improving life for all of Austin’s residents and visitors. Cost: Unknown Length: 10 mi Key Elements: Multi-modal use, Connecting points, boardwalk Impacts/ROI: Annual Economic Impact: $8.8M, Annual Ecological Benefits: $495,182, Annual Traffic Reduction Benefits: $727,103, Annual Medical Cost Savings: $4.3M, $1:$1.61 Capital Improvement More Info: http://www.thetrailfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/ttf-economic-impactanalysis-2016.pdf
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Appendix B - References
References Works Consulted Urban Trails: Building More Active Communities. Rep. N.p.: Change Lab Solutions, 2012. Print. What Is an Urban Trail. Rep. Ecos Environmental Design, Inc., n.d. Web. <http://atfiles.org/files/pdf/ EcosUrbanTrails08.pdf>. http://placemaking.mml.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/mml-economic-impact-of-placemaking-june2014. pdf "Urban Pathways to Healthy Neighborhoods." Rails to Trails Conservancy, n.d. Web. <https://www.railstotrails. org/resourcehandler.ashx?id=5030>. "How Art Economically Benefits Cities." Project for Public Spaces. Project for Public Spaces, 06 Mar. 2012. Web. 27 Oct. 2017. <https://www.pps.org/blog/how-art-economically-benefits-cities/>. Molter, Molly. Why Delaware County Needs More Parks, Open Spaces, Trails, Street Trees, & Natural Areas. Rep. N.p.: DMMPC, 2007. Print. Markusen, Ann, and Anne Gadwa. Creative Placemaking. Rep. N.p.: National Endowment for the Arts, 2010. Print. MEET AT THE MOUNDS An Economic, Health, and Environmental Benefits Analysis. Rep. Alta Planning and Design, n.d. Web. <https://altaplanning.com/wp-content/uploads/Meet-at-the-Mounds-Economic-ImpactAnalysis.pdf>. "20 Rails-to-trails Conservancy Pennsylvania and New Jersey Surveys: 2006-2016 Urban TRAILS Survey Data." Rails to Trails Conservancy. N.p., n.d. Web. <https://www.railstotrails.org/resourcehandler.ashx?id=7593>. The Trail: Economic Impact Analysis 2016. Rep. The Trail Foundation, n.d. Web. <http://www. thetrailfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/ttf-economic-impact-analysis-2016.pdf>. Accessibility, Economic ImpactHealth & TrailsRails to Trails Safe Trails ForumPlanning, Bibliography, Quotations Glossary Acronyms Tools Products & Services, and For More Opportunities for Training on Trail Design, Construction, and Management See the National Trails Training Partnership Area. "Building a Better Life through Trails and Greenways Environmental, Health, Economic, and Community Benefits." Training. National Trails Training Partnership, n.d. Web. 27 Oct. 2017. <http://www.americantrails.org/resources/benefits/ BenefitsGrnwy.html>. "Green Infrastructure." American Planning Association. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Oct. 2017. <https://www.planning. org/cityparks/briefingpapers/greeninfrastructure.htm>.
Northside Urban Train Implication References
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1. http://www.co.delaware.in.us/egov/documents/1202245211_763671.pdf 2. http://www.michigan.gov/documents/mdot/MDOT_Append_D-EconomicAnalysis-Alt_527140_7.pdf 3. https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-10/documents/cnt-lancaster-report-508_1.pdf 4. http://www.pittsburghpa.gov/green/trees.htm 5. https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-10/documents/cnt-lancaster-report-508_1.pdf 6.http://www.thetrailfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/ttf-economic-impact-analysis-2016.pdf 7. http://www.pps.org/blog/how-art-economically-benefits-cities/ 8. http://www.pps.org/blog/how-art-economically-benefits-cities/ 9. http://placemaking.mml.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/mml-economic-impact-of-placemaking-
june2014.pdf 10 https://policyinstitute.iu.edu/Uploads/PublicationFiles/15-C02%20CulturalTrail%20Assessment.pdf 11. http://www.racedirector.com/37-does-your-race-make-an-economic-impact 12. https://www.clevelandfed.org/en/newsroom-and-events/publications/forefront/ff-v7n01/ff-20160418v7n0110-from-coal-to-craft.aspx 13. http://activelivingresearch.org/sites/default/files/Reynolds_0.pdf 14. https://policyinstitute.iu.edu/Uploads/PublicationFiles/15-C02%20CulturalTrail%20Assessment.pdf 15. http://www.vtpi.org/nmt-tdm.pdf 16. http://www.healthbydesignonline.org/documents/HbDFSSidewalks.pdf 17. http://www.mainstreet.org/main-street/training/conference/2014-detroit/program-and-schedule/ detailed-conference-schedule/tuesday-may-20/where-is-main-street.pdf 18. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0091743514001753 19. http://www.citylab.com/cityfixer/2015/03/the-complete-business-case-for-converting-street-parking-intobike-lanes/387595/ 20. http://www.bikewalk.org/2004conference/sessions/28_Business_calm/TrafficCalming_summary.pdf 21. http://grist.org/biking/2011-04-11-the-economic-case-for-on-street-bike-parking/ 22.http://colabradio.mit.edu/changing-car-parking-to-bike-parking-in-melbourne/ 23. http://www.americantrails.org/resources/benefits/
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