REFERENCES
LIMITLESS RECOLLECTION: THE PHENOMENON OF HIGHLY SUPERIOR AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL MEMORY
1. Ally, B. A., Hussey, E. P., & Donahue, M. J. (2013). A case of hyperthymesia: Rethinking the role of the amygdala in autobiographical memory. Neurocase, 19(2), 166–181. doi:10.1080/13554794.2011. 654225
2. Parker, E. S., Cahill, L., & McGaugh, J. L. (2006). A case of unusual autobiographical remembering. Neurocase, 12(1), 35–49. doi:10.1080/13554790500473680
3. Ford, L., Shaw, T. B., Mattingley, J. B., & Robinson, G. A. (2022). Enhanced semantic memory in a case of highly superior autobiographical memory. Cortex, 151, 1–14. doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2022.02.007
4. Vranić, A., Jelić, M., & Tonković, M. (2018). Functions of autobiographical memory in younger and older adults. Frontiers in Psychology, 9. doi:10.3389/ fpsyg.2018.00219
5. Lambert, H. K., & McLaughlin, K. A. (2019). Impaired hippocampus-dependent associative learning as a mechanism underlying PTSD: A meta-analysis. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 107, 729–749. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.09.024
6. Jawabri, K. H., & Cascella, M. (2020). Physiology, explicit memory. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. PMID:32119438
7. Simons, J. S., & Johnsrude, I. S. (2014). Temporal lobes. Encyclopedia of the Neurological Sciences, 2, 401–408. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-3851574.01180-5
8. Schendan, H. (2017). Implicit Memory. Reference Module in Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Psychology. doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-809324-5.064592
9. Moscovitch, M., Cabeza, R., Winocur, G., & Nadel, L. (2016). Episodic memory and beyond: The hippocampus and neocortex in transformation. Annual Review of Psychology, 67(1), 105–134. doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143733
10. Pitel, A. L., H. Beaunieux, Desgranges, B., Sullivan, E. V., & Eustache, F. (2017). Memory disorders in alcohol use disorder without clinically-detectable neurological complication. Encyclopedia of Behavioral Neuroscience, 2, 447–454. doi:10.1016/ b978-0-12-809324-5.00358-8
11. Brown, T. I., Rissman, J., Chow, T. E., Uncapher, M. R., & Wagner, A. D. (2018). Differential medial temporal lobe and parietal cortical contributions to real-world autobiographical episodic and autobiographical semantic memory. Scientific Reports, 8(1). doi:10.1038/s41598-018-24549-y
12. Schendan, H. E. (2012). Semantic memory. Encyclopedia of Human Behavior, 2, 350–358. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-375000-6.00315-3
13. Richmond, L. L., & Burnett, L. K. (2022). Characterizing older adults’ real world memory function using ecologically valid approaches. Psychology of Learning and Motivation, 77, 193–232. doi:10.1016/ bs.plm.2022.07.004
14. Wilson, A., & Ross, M. (2003). The identity function of autobiographical memory: Time is on our side. Memory, 11(2), 137–149. doi:10.1080/741938210
15. Meléndez, J. C., & Satorres, E. (2021). Autobiographical memory as a diagnostic tool in aging. Elsevier EBooks, 305–314. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12818000-6.00028-7
16. Kapsetaki, M. E., Militaru, I. E., Sanguino, I., Boccanera, M., Zaara, N., Zaman, A., Loreto, F., Malhotra, P. A., & Russell, C. (2021). Type of encoded material and age modulate the relationship between episodic recall of visual perspective and autobiographical memory. Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 34(1), 142–159. doi:10.1080/20445911.2 021.1922417
17. Bauer, P. J. (2020). Amnesia, Infantile. Elsevier EBooks, 2, 45–55. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-8093245.21207-8
18. Kaiser, J. (2015). Dynamics of auditory working memory. Frontiers in Psychology, 6. doi:10.3389/ fpsyg.2015.00613
19. Cowan, N. (2017). The many faces of working memory and short-term storage. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 24(4), 1158–1170. doi:10.3758/ s13423-016-1191-6
20. Dhikav, V., & Anand, K. S. (2012). Hippocampus in health and disease: An overview. Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology, 15(4), 239–246. doi:10.4103/0972-2327.104323
21. Capone, C., Pastorelli, E., Golosio, B., & Paolucci, P. S. (2019). Sleep-like slow oscillations improve visual classification through synaptic homeostasis and memory association in a thalamo-cortical model. Scientific Reports, 9(1). doi:10.1038/ s41598-019-45525-0
22. Feld, G. B., & Born, J. (2019). Neurochemical mechanisms for memory processing during sleep: basic findings in humans and neuropsychiatric implications. Neuropsychopharmacology, 45(1), 31–44. doi:10.1038/s41386-019-0490-9
GREY MATTERS JOURNAL AT VASSAR COLLEGE | ISSUE 8 54
23. Fields, R. D. (2011). Imaging learning: The search for a memory trace. The Neuroscientist, 17(2), 185–196. doi:10.1177/1073858410383696
24. Jiang, L., & Rao, R. (2024). Dynamic predictive coding: A model of hierarchical sequence learning and prediction in the neocortex. PLoS Computational Biology, 20(2), e1011801–e1011801. doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011801
25. Sheldon, S., Fenerci, C., & Gurguryan, L. (2019). A neurocognitive perspective on the forms and functions of autobiographical memory retrieval. Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, 13. doi:10.3389/ fnsys.2019.00004
26. Frankland, P. W., Josselyn, S. A., & Köhler, S. (2019). The neurobiological foundation of memory retrieval. Nature Neuroscience, 22(10), 1576–1585. doi:10.1038/s41593-019-0493-1
27. McCarroll, C. J. (2020). Remembering the personal past: Beyond the boundaries of imagination. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. doi:10.3389/ fpsyg.2020.585352
28. Ricker, T. J., Vergauwe, E., & Cowan, N. (2016). Decay theory of immediate memory: From Brown (1958) to today (2014). Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 69(10), 1969–1995. doi:10.1080 /17470218.2014.914546
29. Josselyn, S. A., & Tonegawa, S. (2020). Memory engrams: Recalling the past and imagining the future. Science, 367(6473). doi:10.1126/science. aaw4325
30. Cooper, R. A., Kensinger, E. A., & Ritchey, M. (2019). Memories fade: The relationship between memory vividness and remembered visual salience. Psychological Science, 30(5), 657–668. doi:10.1177/0956797619836093
31. Walker, W. R., Skowronski, J. J., Gibbons, J. A., Vogl, R. J., & Ritchie, T. D. (2009). Why people rehearse their memories: Frequency of use and relations to the intensity of emotions associated with autobiographical memories. Memory, 17(7), 760–773. doi:10.1080/09658210903107846
32. Santangelo, V. (2015). Forced to remember: When memory is biased by salient information. Behavioural Brain Research, 283, 1–10. doi:10.1016/j. bbr.2015.01.013
33. Santangelo, V., Pedale, T., Colucci, P., Giulietti, G., Macrì, S., & Campolongo, P. (2021). Highly superior autobiographical memory in aging: A single case study. Cortex, 143, 267–280. doi: 10.1016/j. cortex.2021.05.011
34. Santangelo, V., Cavallina, C., Colucci, P., Santori, A., Macrì, S., McGaugh, J. L., & Campolongo, P. (2018). Enhanced brain activity associated with memory access in highly superior autobiographical memory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(30), 7795–7800. doi:10.1073/ pnas.1802730115
35. Talbot, J., Convertino, G., Matteo De Marco, Venneri, A., & Mazzoni, G. (2024). Highly Superior Autobiographical Memory (HSAM): A systematic review. Neuropsychology Review. doi:10.1007/s11065-02409632-8
36. Rodriguez McRobbie, L. (2017, February 8). Total recall: the people who never forget. The Guardian; The Guardian.
37. Patihis, L., Frenda, S., LePort, A., Petersen, N., Nichols, R., Stark, C., McGaugh, J., & Loftus, E. (2013). False memories in highly superior autobiographical memory individuals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110(52), 20947–20952. doi:10.1073/pnas.1314373110
38. LePort, A. K. R., Mattfeld, A. T., Dickinson-Anson, H., Fallon, J. H., Stark, C. E. L., Kruggel, F., Cahill, L., & McGaugh, J. L. (2012). Behavioral and neuroanatomical investigation of Highly Superior Autobiographical Memory (HSAM). Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 98(1), 78–92. doi:10.1016/j. nlm.2012.05.002
39. Brandt, J., & Bakker, A. (2018). Neuropsychological investigation of “The amazing memory man”.. Neuropsychology, 32(3), 304–316. doi:10.1037/ neu0000410
40. Daviddi, S., Pedale, T., Serra, L., Macrì, S., Campolongo, P., & Santangelo, V. (2022). Altered hippocampal resting-state functional connectivity in highly superior autobiographical memory. Neuroscience, 480, 1–8. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.11.004
41. Anderson, M. C., & Hulbert, J. C. (2020). Active Forgetting: Adaptation of Memory by Prefrontal Control. Annual Review of Psychology, 72(1). doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-072720-094140
42. Barry, D. N., Clark, I. A., & Maguire, E. A. (2020). The relationship between hippocampal subfield volumes and autobiographical memory persistence. Hippocampus, 31(4), 362–374. doi:10.1002/ hipo.23293
43. Jamjoom, A., Gallo, P., Kandasamy, J., Phillips, J., & Sokol, D. (2017). Autobiographical memory loss following a right prefrontal lobe tumour resection: A case report and review of the literature. Childs Nervous System, 33(7), 1221–1223. doi:10.1007/ s00381-017-3380-7
GREY MATTERS JOURNAL AT VASSAR COLLEGE | ISSUE 8 55 REFERENCES
REFERENCES
44. Eichenbaum, H. (2017). Prefrontal–hippocampal interactions in episodic memory. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 18(9), 547–558. doi:10.1038/ nrn.2017.74
45. Mazzoni, G., Clark, A., De Bartolo, A., Guerrini, C., Nahouli, Z., Duzzi, D., De Marco, M., McGeown, W., & Venneri, A. (2019). Brain activation in highly superior autobiographical memory: The role of the precuneus in the autobiographical memory retrieval network. Cortex, 120, 588–602. doi:10.1016/j. cortex.2019.02.020
46. Fawcett, J. M., Benoit, R. G., Gagnepain, P., Salman, A., Bartholdy, S., Bradley, C., Chan, D. K.-Y. ., Roche, A., Brewin, C. R., & Anderson, M. C. (2015). The origins of repetitive thought in rumination: Separating cognitive style from deficits in inhibitory control over memory. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 47, 1–8. doi:10.1016/j. jbtep.2014.10.009
47. Nørby, S. (2015). Why forget? On the adaptive value of memory loss. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 10(5), 551–578. doi:10.1177/1745691615596787
48. Gruber, M., Ritchey, M., Wang, S., Doss, M. K., & Charan Ranganath. (2016). Post-learning Hippocampal Dynamics Promote Preferential Retention of Rewarding Events. Neuron, 89(5), 1110–1120. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2016.01.017
49. Braun, E.K., Wimmer, G.E. & Shohamy, D. (2018) Retroactive and graded prioritization of memory by reward. Nature Communications, 9. doi:10.1038/ s41467-018-07280-0
50. Murphy, D. H., & Castel, A. D. (2021). Responsible remembering and forgetting as contributors to memory for important information. Memory & Cognition, 49. doi:10.3758/s13421-021-01139-4
51. Brewin, C. R. (2018). Memory and forgetting. Current Psychiatry Reports, 20(10). doi:10.1007/ s11920-018-0950-7
52. Strange, D., & Takarangi, M. K. T. (2015). Memory distortion for traumatic events: The role of mental imagery. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 6(27). doi:10.3389/ fpsyt.2015.00027
53. Li, H. L., & van Rossum, M. C. (2020). Energy efficient synaptic plasticity. ELife, 9. doi:10.7554/ elife.50804
54. Kluge, A., & Gronau, N. (2018). Intentional forgetting in organizations: The importance of eliminating retrieval cues for implementing new routines. Frontiers in Psychology, 9. doi:10.3389/ fpsyg.2018.00051
55. Basu, R. (2022). The importance of forgetting. Episteme, 1–20. doi:10.1017/epi.2022.36
56. Ray, D. G., Gomillion, S., Pintea, A. I., & Hamlin, I. (2019). On being forgotten: Memory and forgetting serve as signals of interpersonal importance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 116(2), 259–276. doi:10.1037/pspi0000145
57. MacMillan, A. (2017). The Downside of Having an Almost Perfect Memory. Time. https://time. com/5045521/highly-superior-autobiographical-memory-hsam/
58. Patihis, L. (2015). Individual differences and correlates of highly superior autobiographical memory. Memory, 24(7), 961–978. doi:10.1080/0965821 1.2015.1061011
BEYOND THE BOARD: INSIDE THE BRAIN OF A CHESS MASTER
1. Lu, Y., Li, W., Li, W. (2023). Official international mahjong: A new playground for AI research. Algorithms, 16(5), 235. doi:10.3390/a16050235
2. International Chess Federation (2024). FIDE ratings and statistics. Retrieved March 31, 2024 from https://ratings.fide.com/
3. Fernandez-Egea, E., Robbins, T. (2022). Bobby Fischer and the Delusions of a King in Logic. Brain, 145(5), 1570-1573. doi:10.1093/brain/awac140
4. Gobet, F., & Ereku, M. H. (2014). Checkmate to deliberate practice: The case of Magnus Carlsen. Frontiers in Psychology, 5. doi:10.3389/ fpsyg.2014.00878
5. Campitelli, G. (2015). Answering research questions without calculating the mean. Frontiers in Psychology, 6. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01379
6. Lillo-Crespo, M., Forner-Ruiz, M., Riquelme-Galindo, J., Ruiz-Fernández, D., & García-Sanjuan, S. (2019). Chess practice as a protective factor in dementia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(12), 2116. doi:10.3390/ijerph16122116
7. Stern, Y., Arenaza-Urquijo, E., Bartrés-Faz, D., Belleville, S., Cantilon, M., Chetelat, G., Ewers, M., Franzmeier, N., Kempermann, G., Kremen, W., Okonkwo, O., Scarmeas, N., Soldan, A., Udeh-Momoh, C., Valenzuela, M., Vemuri, P., Vuoksimaa, E. (2020). Whitepaper: defining and investigating cognitive reserve, brain reserve, and brain maintenance. Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 16(9), 1305–1311. doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.07.219
8. Cowan, N. (2017). The many faces of working memory and short-term storage. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 24(4), 1158-1170. doi: 10.3758/ s13423-016-1191-6
GREY MATTERS JOURNAL AT VASSAR COLLEGE | ISSUE 8 56
9. Krivec, J., Bratko, I., Guid, M. (2021). Identification and conceptualization of procedural chunks in chess. Cognitive Systems Research, 69, 22-40. doi:10.1016/j.cogsys.2021.05.001
10. Sala, G., Gobet, F. (2016). Experts memory superiority for domain-specific random material generalizes across fields of expertise: A meta-analysis. Memory and Cognition, 45, 183-193. doi:10.3758/ s13421-016-0663-2
11. Smith, E., Bartlett, J., Krawczyk, D., Basak, C. (2021). Are the advantages of chess expertise on visuo-spatial working-memory capacity domain or domain general. Memory and Cognition, 49, 1600-1616. doi:10.3758/s13421-021-01184-z
12. Gong, Y., Ericsson, K., Moxley, J. (2015). Recall of briefly presented chess positions and its relation to chess skill. PLoS 10(3). doi:10.1371/journal. pone.0118756
13. Gobet, F., Lane, P. C. R., Croker, S., Chang, P. C. H., Jones, G., Oliver, I., & Pine, J. M. (2001). Chunking mechanisms in human learning. Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 5 (6), 236-243. doi:10.1016/S13646613(00)01662-4
14. Bartlett, J. C., Boggan, A. L., & Krawczyk, D. C. (2013). Expertise and processing distorted structure in chess. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 7. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00825
15. Pereira, T., Castro, M., Villafaina, S., Santos, A., Fuentes-Garcia, J. (2020). Dynamics of the prefrontal cortex during chess-based problem-solving tasks in competition-experienced chess players: An fNIR study. Sensors (Basel), 20(14), 3917. doi:10.3390/s20143917
16. Jenkin, Z. (2022). Perceptual learning and reasons-responsiveness. Noûs, 57(2), 481-508. doi:10.1111/nous.12425
17. Küchelmann, T., Velentzas, K., Essig, K., Koester, D., Schack, T. (2022). Expertise-dependent perceptual performance in chess tasks with varying complexity. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. doi:10.3389/ fpsyg.2022.986787
18. Gao, Q., Chen, W., Wang, Z., & Lin, D. (2019). Secret of the masters: Young chess players show advanced visual perspective taking. Frontiers in psychology, 10, 2407. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02407
19. Schurz, M., Radua, J., Aichhorn, M., Richlan, F., & Perner, J. (2014). Fractionating theory of mind: A meta-analysis of functional brain imaging studies. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 42, 9-34. doi:10.1016/j.neurobiorev.2014.01.009
20. Weimer, A. A., Cortez, N., & Razo, N. (2022). Does chess-playing relate to theory of mind? An examination of the interrelations among theory of mind, perspective-taking, and empathic concern in chess-players. Studies in Psychology, 43(2), 389-413. doi:10.1080/02109396.2022.2058266
21. Carlsen, M. (2014). Magnus Carlsen gives his top 13 chess tips + Bloopers. YouTube. https://www. youtube.com/watch?v=FMaaHd7aFIs
22. Powell, J. L., Grossi, D., Corcoran, R., Gobet, F., & García-Fiñana, M. (2017) The neural correlates of theory of mind and their role during empathy and the game of chess: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Neuroscience, 355, 149-160. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.04.042
23. Krall, S. C., Rottschy, C., Oberwelland, E., Bzdok, D., Fox, P. T., Eickhoff, S. B., Fink, G. R., & Konrad, K. (2014). The role of the right temporoparietal junction in attention and social interaction as revealed by ALE meta-analysis. Brain Structure & Function, 220(2), 587-604. doi:10.1007/s00429-014-0803-z
24. Nanu, C. C., Coman, C., Bularca, M. C., MesesanSchmitz, L., Gotea, M., Atudorei, I., Turcu, I., & Negrila, I. (2023). The role of chess in the development of children - parents’ perspectives. Frontiers in Psychology, 14. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1210917
25. Ahmetov, I. I., Valeeva, E. V., Yerdenova, M. B., Datkhabayeva, G. K., Bouzid, A., Bhamidimarri, P. M., Sharafetdinova, L. M., Egorova, E. S., Semenova, E. A., Gabdrakhmanova, L. J., Yusupov, R. A., Larin, A. K., Kulemin, N. A., Generozov, E. V., Hamoudi, R., Kustubayeva, A. M., & Rees, T. (2023). KIBRA gene variant is associated with ability in chess and science. Genes, 14(1), 204. doi:10.3390/ genes14010204
26. Fogwe, L. A., Reddy, V., & Mesfin, F. S. (2023). Neuroanatomy, hippocampus. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. PMID:29489273
27. Witte, A. V., Köbe, T., Kerti, L., Rujescu, D., & Flöel, A. (2015). Impact of KIBRA polymorphism on memory function and the hippocampus in older adults. Neuropsychopharmacology, 41, 781-790. doi:10.1038/npp.2015.203
28. Su, Z., Dhusia, K., & Wu, Y. (2020). Understand the functions of scaffold proteins in cell signaling by a mesoscopic simulation method. Biophysical Journal, 119(10), 2116-2126. doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2020.10.002
29. RaviPrakash, H., Anwar, S. M., Biassou, N. M., & Bagci, U. (2021). Morphometric and functional brain connectivity differentiates chess masters from amateur players. Frontiers in neuroscience, 15, 629478. doi:10.3389/fnins.2021.629478
GREY MATTERS JOURNAL AT VASSAR COLLEGE | ISSUE 8 57 REFERENCES
REFERENCES
30. Mercadante, A. A., & Tadi, P. (2023). Neuroanatomy, gray matter. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. PMID:31990494
31. Hänggi, J., Brütsch , K., Siegel, A. M., Jäncke, (2014). The architecture of the chess player’s brain. Neuropsychologia. 6, 152-162. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.07.019
32. Duan, X., Liao, W., Liang, D., Qiu, L., Gao, Q., Liu, C, Gong, Q., & Chen, H. (2012). Large-scale brain networks in board game experts: Insights from a domain-related task and task-free resting state. PLoS ONE, 7(3). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0032532
33. Driscoll, M., Bollu, P., Tadi, P. (2023). Neuroanatomy, Nucleus Caudate. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. PMID:32491339
34. Premi, E., Gazzina, S., Diano, M., Girellia, A., Calhoun, V., Iraji, A., Gong, Q., Li, K., Cauda, F., Gasparotti, R., Padovani, A., Borroni, B., Magoni, M. (2020). Scientific Reports, 10. doi:10.1038/s41598-02063984-8
35. Raichle, M. E. (2015). The brain’s default mode network. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 38, 433447. doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro-071013-014030
36. Wang, Y., Zuo, C., Wang, D., Tao, S., Hao, L. (2020). Reduced thalamus volume and enhanced thalamus and fronto-parietal network integration in the chess experts. Cerebral Cortex, 30 (10), 55605569. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhaa140
37. Torrico, T. J., & Munakomi, S. (2023). Neuroanatomy, thalamus. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. PMID:31194341
38. Wallis, G., Stokes, M., Cousijn, H., Woolrich, M., & Nobre, A. C. (2015). Frontoparietal and cingulo-opercular networks play dissociable roles in control of working memory. doi: 10.1162/ jocn_a_00838
39. Arvanitakis, Z., & Bennett, D. A. (2019). What is dementia? JAMA, 322(17), 1728. doi:10.1001/ jama.2019.11653
40. Breijyeh, Z., & Karaman, R. (2020). Comprehensive review on Alzheimer’s disease: Causes and treatment. Molecules, 25(24), 5789. doi:10.3390/molecules25245789
41. Rao, Y. L., Ganaraja, B., Murlimanju, B. V., Joy, T., Krishnamurthy, A., & Agrawal, A. (2022). Hippocampus and its involvement in Alzheimer’s disease: A review. 3 Biotech, 12(2). doi:10.1007/ s13205-022-03123-4
42. World Health Organization (2023). Dementia. Retrieved March 13, 2024 from https://www.who.int/ news-room/fact-sheets/detail/dementia
43. Joypriyanka, M., & Surendran, R. (2023). Chess game to improve the mental ability of Alzheimer’s patients using A3C. 2023 Fifth International Conference on Electrical, Computer, and Communication Technologies, 1-6. doi:10.1109/ICECCT56650.2023.10179809
44. Chen, P.-J., Yang, S.-Y., Wang, C.-S., Muslikin, M., & Wang, M.-S. (2020). Development of a Chinese chess robotic system for the elderly using convolutional neural networks. Scopus. 12 (10), 3980. doi:10.3390/su12103980
45. Huang, L., Awh, E. (2018). Chunking in working memory via content-free labels. Scientific Reports, 8, 23. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-18157-5
46. Eather, N., Wade, L., Pankowiak, A., Eime, R. (2023). The impact of sports participation on mental health and social outcomes in adults: A systematic review and the ‘Mental Health through Sport’’ conceptual model. Systematic Reviews, 12 (1), 102. doi:10.1186/s13643-023-02264-8
FEATURED
FACING THE MYTHICAL FURY: THE CALAMITOUS PATH OF LYSSAVIRUS RABIES
1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012). Etymologia: Rabies. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 18(7), 1169. doi:10.3201/eid1807.et1807
2. World Health Organization. (2023). Rabies. Retrieved April 1, 2024 from https://www.who.int/ news-room/fact-sheets/detail/rabies
3. Bastos, V., Pacheco, V., Rodrigues, E.D.L., Moraes, C.N.S, Nóbile, A. L., Fonseca, D.L.M., Souza, K.B.S, do Vale, F.Y.N., Filgueiras, I.S., Schimke, L.F., Giil, L.M., Moll, G., Cabral-Miranda, G., Ochs, H.D., da Costa Vasconcelos, P., de Melo, G.D., Bourhy, H., Casseb, L.M.N., Cabral-Marques, O. (2023). Neuroimmunology of rabies: new insights in an ancient disease. Journal of Medical Virology, 95(10). doi:10.1002/jmv.29042
4. Jackson, A.C. (2018). Rabies: a medical perspective. Revue Scientifique et Technique, 37(2), 569580. doi:10.20506/rst.37.2.2825
5. Liu, C., Cahill, J.D. (2020). Epidemiology of rabies and current US vaccine guidelines. RI Medical Journal, 103(6), 51-53. PMID: 32752569
6. Fooks, A.R., Cliquet, F., Finke, S., Freuling, C., Hemachudha, T., Mani, R.S., Müller, T., Nadin-Davis, S., Picard-Meyer, E., Wilde, H., Barnyard, A.C. (2017). Rabies. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 3. doi:10.1038/nrdp.2017.91
GREY MATTERS JOURNAL AT VASSAR COLLEGE | ISSUE 8 58
7. Guo, Y., Duan, M., Wang, X., Gao, J., Guan, Z., Xhang, M. (2019). Early events in rabies virus infection — attachment, entry, and intracellular trafficking. Virus Research, 263, 217-225. doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2019.02.006
8. Katz, I.S.S., Guedes, F., Fernandes, E.R., dos Ramos Silva, S. (2017). Immunological aspects of rabies: a literature review. Archives of Virology, 162, 3251-3268. doi:10.1007/s00705-017-3484-0
9. Taylor, M. W. (2014). What is a virus? Viruses and Man: A History of Interactions, 23–40. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-07758-1_2
10. Shankar, S., Mahadevan, A., Sapico, S., Ghodkirekar, M. S., Pinto, R. G., & Madhusudana, S. (2012). Rabies viral encephalitis with probable 25 year incubation period! Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology, 15(3), 221. doi:10.4103/0972-2327.99728
11. Singh, R., Singh, K.P., Cherian, S., Saminathan, M., Kapoor, S., Manjunatha Reddy, G.B., Panda, S., Dhama, K. (2017). Rabies - epidemiology, pathogenesis, public health concerns and advances in diagnosis and control: a comprehensive review. Veterinary Quarterly, 37(1). doi:10.1080/01652176.2 017.1343516
12. Scott, T. P., & Nel, L. H. (2021). Lyssaviruses and the fatal encephalitic disease rabies. Frontiers in Immunology, 12. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.786953
13. Dutta, T.K. (2014). Rabies - an overview. International Journal of Advanced Medical and Health Research, 1(2). doi:10.4103/2349-4220.147998
14. Davis, B. M., Rall, G. F., & Schnell, M. J. (2015). Everything you always wanted to know about rabies virus (but were afraid to ask). Annual Review of Virology, 2(1), 451–471. doi:10.1146/annurev-virology-100114-055157
15. Murtazina, A., Adameyko, I. (2023). The peripheral nervous system. Development, 150(9). doi:10.1242/ dev.201164
16. Rodriguez Cruz, P.M., Cossins, J., Beeson, D., Vincent, A. (2020). The neuromuscular junction in health and disease: molecular mechanisms governing synaptic formation and homeostasis. Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience, 13, 1-22. doi:10.3389/fnmol.2020.610964
17. Maday, S., Twelvetrees, A.E., Moughamian, A.J., Holzbaur, E.L.F. (2014). Axonal transport: cargo-specific mechanisms of motility and regulation. Neuron, 84(2), 292-309. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2014.10.019
18. Liu, X., Nawaz, Z., Guo, C., Ali, S., Naeem, M.A., Jamil, T., Ahmad, W., Siddiq, M.U., Ahmed, S., Ahmed, S., Idrees, M.A., Ahmad, A. (2022). Rabies virus exploits cytoskeleton network to cause early disease progression and cellular dysfunction. Frontiers Veterinary Science, 9. doi:10.3389/ fvets.2022.889873
19. Ito, N., Moseley, G.W., Sugiyama, M. (2016). The importance of immune evasion in the pathogenesis of rabies virus. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 78(7), 1089-1098. doi: doi:10.1292/jvms.160092
20. Taylor, M.W. (2014). Interferons. Viruses and Man: A History of Interactions, 101-119. doi:10.1007/9783-319-07758-1_7
21. Dalskov, L., Gad, H.H., Hartmann, R. (2023). Viral recognition and the antiviral interferon response. The EMBO Journal, 42(14). doi: 10.15252/ embj.2022112907
22. Zhang, H., Huang, J., Song, Y., Liu, X., Qian, M., Huang, P., Li, Y., Zhao, L., Wang, H. (2022). Regulation of innate immune response by rabies virus. Animal Models and Experimental Medicine 5(5), 418-429. doi:10.1002/ame2.12273
23. Rieder, M. and Conzelmann, K.K. (2011). Chapter 6 - Interferon in rabies virus infection. Advances in Virus Research 79, 91-114. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12387040-7.00006-8
24. Sokol, C.L. and Luster, A.D. (2015). The chemokine system in innate immunity. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology, 7. doi:10.1101/cshperspect. a016303
25. Jackson, A. (2011). Update on rabies. Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine, 31. doi:10.2147/ rrtm.s16013
26. Li, X., Sarmento, L., & Fu, Z. F. (2005). Degeneration of neuronal processes after infection with pathogenic, but not attenuated, rabies viruses. Journal of Virology, 79(15), 10063–10068. doi:10.1128/ jvi.79.15.10063-10068.2005
27. Soler-Rangel, S., Jiménez-Restrepo, N., Nariño, D., Rosselli, D. (2020). Rabies encephalitis and extra-neural manifestation in a patient bitten by a domestic cat. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical 62(1). doi:10.1590/S1678-9946202062001
28. Feige, L., Zaeck, L.M., Sehl-Ewert, J., Finke, S., Bourhy, H. (2021). Innate immune signaling and role of glial cells in herpes simplex virus- and rabies virus-induced encephalitis. Viruses, 13(12). doi:10.3390/v13122364
GREY MATTERS JOURNAL AT VASSAR COLLEGE | ISSUE 8 59 REFERENCES
REFERENCES
29. Chai, Q., He, W.Q., Zhou, M., Lu, H., Fu, Z. Z. (2014). Enhancement of blood-brain barrier permeability and reduction of tight junction protein expression are modulated by chemokines/cytokines induced by rabies virus infection. Journal of Virology, 88. doi: doi:10.1128/jvi.03149-13
30. Daneman, R. and Prat, A. (2015). The blood-brain barrier. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology, 7(1). doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a020412
31. Scott, T.P. and Nel, L.H. (2016). Subversion of the immune response by rabies virus. Viruses, 8(8), 231. doi:10.3390/v8080231
32. Roy, A., Phares, T.W., Koprowski, H., Hooper, D.C. (2007). Failure to open the blood-brain barrier and deliver immune effectors to central nervous system tissues leads to lethal outcome of silver-haired bat rabies virus infection. Journal of Virology, 81(3), 1110-1118. doi:10.1128/JVI.01964-06
33. Grider, M.H., Jessu, R., Kabir, R. (2019). Physiology, action potential. In StatPearls. Statpearls Publishing. PMID: 30844170
34. Barbieri, R., Nizzari, M., Zanardi, I., Pusch, M., Gavasso, P. (2023). Voltage-gated sodium channel dysfunctions in neurological disorders. Life 13(5). doi:10.3390/life13051191
35. Wang, J., Ou, S., Wang, Y. (2017) Distribution and function of voltage-gated sodium channels in the nervous system. Channels, 11(6), 534-554. doi:10.1 080/19336950.2017.1380758
36. Mahadevan, A., Suja, M.S., Mani, R.S., Shankar., S.K. (2016). Perspectives in diagnosis and treatment of rabies viral encephalitis: Insight from pathogenesis. Neurotherapeutics 13(3), 477-492. doi:10.1007/s13311-016-0452-4
37. Mostraccio, K.E., Huaman, C., Warrilow, D., Smith, G.A., Criag, S.B., Weir, D.L., Laing, E.D., Smith, I.L., Broder, C.C., Schaefer, B.C. (2020). Establishment of longitudinal pre-clinical model of lyssavirus infection. Journal of Virological Methods, 281. doi:10.1016/j.jviromet.2020.113882
38. Udow, S.J., Marrie, R.A., Jackson, A.C. (2013). Clinical features of dog- and bat-acquired rabies in humans. Clinical Infectious Diseases 57(5), 689696. doi:10.1093/cid/cit372
39. Guo, X., Zhang, M., Feng, Y., Liu, X., Wang, C., Zhang, Y., Wang, Z., Zhang, D., Guo, Y. (2024). Transcriptome analysis of salivary glands of rabies-virus-infected mice. Frontiers in Microbiology, 15. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2024.1354936
40. Alexander, B., Lopez-Lopez, J.P., Saldarriaga, C., Ponte-Negretti, C.I., Lopez-Santi, R., Perez, G.E., del Sueldo, M., Lanas, F., Liblik, K., Baranchuk, A. (2021). Rabies and the heart. Cardiology Research, 12(2), 53-59. doi:10.14740/cr1216
41. Velasco-Villa, A., Escobar, L. E., Sanchez, A., Shi, M., Streicker, D. G., Gallardo-Romero, N. F., Vargas-Pino, F., Gutierrez-Cedillo, V., Damon, I., & Emerson, G. (2017). Successful strategies implemented towards the elimination of canine rabies in the Western Hemisphere. Antiviral Research, 143, 1–12. doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.03.023
42. Tarantola, A., Tejiokem, M.C., Briggs, D.J. (2019). Evaluating new rabies post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) regimens or vaccines. Vaccine, 37, A88-A93. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.10.103
43. Aziz, M., Iheanacho, F., Hashmi, M.F. (2023). Physiology, antibody. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. From https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/ NBK546670/
44. Dean, L. (2005). Blood group antigens are surface markers on the red blood cell membrane. National Center for Biotechnology Information. From https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2264/
45. Briggs, D.J., Moore, S.M. (2020). Chapter 16 - Public health management of humans at risk. Rabies: Scientific Basis of the Disease and its Management, 527-545. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-8187050.00016-9
46. Jackson, A.C. (2013). Current and future approaches to the therapy of human rabies. Antiviral Research, 99(1), 61-67. doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.01.003
47. Lacy, M., Phasuk, N., Scholand, S.J. (2024). Human rabies treatment — from palliation to promise. Viruses, 16(1), 160. doi:10.3390/v16010160
48. Hu, W.T., Willoughby, R.E., Dhonau, H., Mack, K.J. (2007). Long-term follow-up after treatment of rabies by induction of coma. The New England Journal of Medicine, 357(9), 945-946. doi:10.1056/ NEJMc062479
49. Jackson, A.C. (2016). Human rabies: a 2016 update. Current Infectious Disease Reports, 18. doi:10.1007/s11908-016-0540-y
50. Lampejo, T., Bruce, M., Teall, A., Dall’Antonia, M., Crawley-Boevy, E., Grant, P., Polhill, S., Pillay, D., Brown, D., Brown, M., Nastouli, E. (2017). Caring for a patient with rabies: implications of the Milwaukee protocol for infection control and public health measures. Journal of Hospital Infection 96(4), 385-391. doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2017.04.018
51. Monoclonal antibody. National Cancer Institute. From https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/monoclonal-antibody
52. Malik, B., Ghatol, A. (2023). Understanding How Monoclonal Antibodies Work. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. From https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/books/NBK572118/
GREY MATTERS JOURNAL AT VASSAR COLLEGE | ISSUE 8 60
53. Dias de Melo, G., Sonthonnax, F., Lepousez, G., Jouvion, G., Minola, A., Zatta, F., Larrous, F., Kergoat, L., Mazo, C., Moigneu C., Aiello, R., Salomoni, A., Brisebard, E., De Benedictis, P., Corti, D., Bourhy, H. (2020). A combination of two human monoclonal antibodies cures symptomatic rabies. EMBO Molecular Medicine, 12. doi:10.15252/ emmm.202012628
54. Zorzan, M., Castellan M., Gasparotto, M., Dias de Melo, G., Zecchin, B., Leopardi, S., Chen, A., Rosato, A., Angelini, A., Bourhy, H., Corti, D., Cendron, L., De Benedictis, P. (2023). Antiviral mechanisms of two broad-spectrum monoclonal antibodies for rabies prophylaxis and therapy. Frontiers in Immunology, 14. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1186063
55. Ling, M.Y.J., Halim, A.F.N.A, Ahmad, D., Ramly, N., Hassan, M.R., Rahim, S.S.S.A., Jeffree, M.S., Omar, A., Hidrus, A. (2023). Rabies in Southeast Asia: a systematic review of its incidence, risk factors, and mortality. BMJ Open 13(5). PMID: 37164462
56. Miranda, M.E.G., Miranda, N.L.J. (2020). Rabies prevention in Asia: institutionalizing implementation capacities. Rabies and Rabies Vaccines, 103116. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-21084-7_6
57. Gan, H., Hou, X., Wang, Y., Xu, G., Huang, Z., Zhang, T., Lin, R., Xue, M., Hu, H., Liu, M., Cheng, Z. J., Zhu, Z., & Sun, B. (2023). Global burden of rabies in 204 countries and territories, from 1990 to 2019: Results from the global burden of disease study 2019. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 126, 136–144. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2022.10.046
58. World Health Organization. Validation of elimination of dog-mediated human rabies as a public health problem. Retrieved April 6, 2024, from https://www.who.int/teams/control-of-neglected-tropical-diseases/rabies/elimination-of-rabies-as-a-public-health-problem#:~:text=WHO%27s%20road%20map%20for%20 neglected,or%20%E2%80%9CZero%20 by%20 30%E2%80%9D
59. World Health Organization. Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Retrieved April 6, 2024, from https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/158#:~:text=DALYs%20 for%20a%20disease%20or,health%20condition%20in%20a%20population
60. Castillo-Neyra, R., Buttenheim, A.M., Brown, J., Ferrara, J.F., Arevalo-Nieto, C., Borrini-Mayon, K., Levy, M.Z., Becerra, V., Paz-Soldan, V.A. (2020). Behavioral and structural barriers to accessing human post-exposure prophylaxis and other preventive practices in Arequipa, Peru, during a canine rabies epidemic. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 14(7). PMI: 32692739
BACK FROM BATTLE: THE CONDITIONING OF FEAR IN PTSD
1. Duncan, L. E., Cooper, B. N., & Shen, H. (2018a). Robust findings from 25 years of PTSD genetics research. Current Psychiatry Reports, 20(12). doi:10.1007/s11920-018-0980-1
2. Laricchiuta, D., Panuccio, A., Picerni, E., Biondo, D., Genovesi, B., & Petrosini, L. (2023). The body keeps the score: The neurobiological profile of traumatized adolescents. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 145, 105033. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105033
3. National Institute of Mental Health (2023). Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Retrieved April 13, 2024 from https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/post-traumatic-stress-disorder-ptsd
4. American Psychiatric Association. (2013). [Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders]. In Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596
5. Careaga, M. B., Girardi, C. E., & Suchecki, D. (2016). Understanding posttraumatic stress disorder through fear conditioning, extinction and reconsolidation. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 71, 48–57. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.08.023
6. VanElzakker, M. B., Kathryn Dahlgren, M., Caroline Davis, F., Dubois, S., & Shin, L. M. (2014). From Pavlov to PTSD: The extinction of conditioned fear in rodents, humans, and anxiety disorders. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 113, 3–18. doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2013.11.014
7. Pavlov P. I. (2010). Conditioned reflexes: An investigation of the physiological activity of the cerebral cortex. Annals of neurosciences, 17(3), 136–141. doi:10.5214/ans.0972-7531.1017309
8. Rehman, Ibraheem., Mahabadi, Navid., Sanvictores, Terrence., l. Rehman, Chaudhry. (2023). Classical Conditioning. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. PMID:29262194
GREY MATTERS JOURNAL AT VASSAR COLLEGE | ISSUE 8 61 REFERENCES
REFERENCES
9. Lis, S., Thome, J., Kleindienst, N., Mueller-Engelmann, M., Steil, R., Priebe, K., Schmahl, C., Hermans, D., & Bohus, M. (2019). Generalization of fear in post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychophysiology, 57(1). doi:10.1111/psyp.13422
10. Dymond, S., Dunsmoor, J. E., Vervliet, B., Roche, B., & Hermans, D. (2014). Fear generalization in humans: Systematic review and implications for anxiety disorder research. Behavior Therapy, 46(5), 561-582. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2014.10.001
11. Besnard, A., & Sahay, A. (2016). Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis, Fear Generalization, and Stress. Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 41(1), 24–44. doi:10.1038/npp.2015.167
12. Hayes, J. P., Hayes, S., Miller, D. R., Lafleche, G., Logue, M. W., & Verfaellie, M. (2017). Automated measurement of hippocampal subfields in PTSD: Evidence for smaller dentate gyrus volume. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 95, 247–252. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.09.007
13. Park, J., Marvar, P. J., Liao, P., Kankam, M. L., Norrholm, S. D., Downey, R. M., McCullough, S. A., Le, N. A., & Rothbaum, B. O. (2017). Baroreflex dysfunction and augmented sympathetic nerve responses during mental stress in veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder. The Journal of physiology, 595(14), 4893–4908. doi:10.1113/JP274269
14. Rotenberg, S., & McGrath, J. J. (2016). Inter-relation between autonomic and HPA axis activity in children and adolescents. Biological psychology, 117, 16–25. doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2016.01.015
15. Dunlop, B. W., & Wong, A. (2019). The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in PTSD: Pathophysiology and treatment interventions. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 89, 361–379. doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.10.010
16. Chu, Brianna., Marwaha, Komal., Sanvictores, Terrence., Ayers, Derek. (2022). Physiology, stress reaction. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. PMID:31082164
17. Beutler, S., Mertens, Y. L., Ladner, L., Schellong, J., Croy, I., & Daniels, J. K. (2022). Trauma-related dissociation and the autonomic nervous system: A systematic literature review of psychophysiological correlates of dissociative experiencing in PTSD patients. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 13(2). doi:10.1080/20008066.2022.21325 99
18. Sangha, S., Diehl, M. M., Bergstrom, H. C., & Drew, M. R. (2020). Know safety, no fear. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 108, 218–230. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.11.006
19. Damis, L. F. (2022). The role of implicit memory in the development and recovery from trauma-related disorders. NeuroSci, 3(1), 63–88. doi:10.3390/ neurosci3010005
20. van Rooij, S. J. H., Stevens, J. S., Ely, T. D., Hinrichs, R., Michopoulos, V., Winters, S. J., Ogbonmwan, Y. E., Shin, J., Nugent, N. R., Hudak, L. A., Rothbaum, B. O., Ressler, K. J., & Jovanovic, T. (2018). The role of the hippocampus in predicting future posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in recently traumatized civilians. Biological Psychiatry, 84(2), 106–115. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.09.005
21. Joshi, S. A., Duval, E. R., Kubat, B., Liberzon, I. (2020). A review of hippocampal activation in post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychophysiology, 57. doi:10.1111/psyp.13357
22. Hathaway, W. R., Newton, B. W. (2023). Neuroanatomy, prefrontal cortex. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. PMID:29763094
23. Jiao, X., Beck, K. D., Myers, C. E., Servatius, R. J., & Pang, K. C. H. (2015). Altered activity of the medial prefrontal cortex and amygdala during acquisition and extinction of an active avoidance task. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 9. doi:10.3389/ fnbeh.2015.00249
24. Schrader, C., & Ross, A. (2021). A review of PTSD and current treatment strategies. Missouri Medicine, 118(6), 546–551. PMID:34924624
25. Gainer, D., Alam, S., Alam, H., & Redding, H. (2020). A FLASH OF HOPE: Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Therapy. Innovations in clinical neuroscience, 17(7-9), 12–20. PMID:33520399
26. Landin-Romero, R., Moreno-Alcazar, A., Pagani, M., & Amann, B. L. (2018). How does eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy work? A systematic review on suggested mechanisms of action. Frontiers in Psychology, 9. doi:10.3389/ fpsyg.2018.01395
27. Mitchell, J.M., Bogenschutz, M., Lilienstein, A., Harrison, C., Kleiman, S., Parker-Guilbert, K., Ot’alora G., M., Garas, W., Paleos, C., Gorman, I., Nicholas, C., Mithoefer, M., Carlin, S., Poulter, B., Mithoefer, A., Quevedo, S., Wells G., Klaire, S.S., van der Kolk, B., Tzarfaty, K., Amiaz, R., Worthy, R., Shannon, S., Woolley, J.D., Marta, C., Gelfand, Y., Hapke, E., Amar, S., Wallach, Y., Brown, R., Hamilton, S., Wang, J.B., Coker, A., Matthews, R., de Boer, A., Yazar-Klosinski, B., Emerson, A., & Doblin, R. (2021). MDMA-assisted therapy for severe PTSD: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study. Nature Medicine, 27, 1025-1033. doi:10.1038/s41591-021-01336-3
GREY MATTERS JOURNAL AT VASSAR COLLEGE | ISSUE 8 62
28. Mithoefer, M. C., Mithoefer, A. T., Feduccia, A. A., Jerome, L., Wagner, M., Wymer, J., Holland, J., Hamilton, S., Yazar-Klosinski, B., Emerson, A., & Doblin, R. (2018) 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted psychotherapy for post-traumatic stress disorder in military veterans, firefighters, and police officers: A randomised, double-blind, dose-response, phase 2 clinical trial. Lancet Psychiatry, 5(6), 486-497. doi:10.1016/ S2215-0366(18)30135-4
FROM CLUB TO CLINIC: THE TREATMENT OF PSD WITH MDMA
1. Riaz K, Suneel S, Hamza Bin Abdul Malik M, Kashif T, Ullah I, Waris A, Di Nicola M, Mazza M, Sani G, Martinotti G, & De Berardis D. (2023) MDMA-based psychotherapy in treatment-resistant post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): A brief narrative overview of current evidence. Diseases, 11(4), 159. doi:10.3390/diseases11040159
2. Kessler, R.C., Aguilar-Gaxiola, S., Alonso, J. Benjet, C., Bromet, E.J., Cardoso, G., Degenhardt, L., de Girolamo, G., Dinolova, R.V., Ferry, F., Florescu, S., Gureje, O., Haro, J.M., Huang, Y., Karan, E.G., Kawakami, N., Lee, S., Lepine, J., Levinson, D., Navarro-Mateu, F., Pennell, B., Piazza, M., Posada-Villa, J., Scott, K.M., Stein, D.J., Have, M.T., Torres, Y., Viana, M.C., Petukhova, M.V., Sampson, N.A., Zaslavsky, A.M., & Koenen, K.C. (2017). Trauma and PTSD in the WHO Mental Health surveys. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 8. doi:10.1080/ 20008198.2017.1353383
3. Krystal, J.H., Davis, L.L., Neylan, T.C., Raskin, M.A., Schnurr, P.P., Stein, M.B., Vessicchio, J., Shiner, B., Gleason, T.D., & Huang, G.D. (2017). It is time to address the crisis in the pharmacotherapy of posttraumatic stress disorder: A consensus statement of the PTSD psychopharmacology working group. Biological Psychiatry, 82(7), e51-e59. doi:10.1016/j. biopsych.2017.03.007
4. Mithoefer, M.C., Mithoefer, A.T., Feduccia, A.A., Jerome, L., Wagner, M., Wymer, J., Holland, J., Hamilton, S., Yazar-Klosinki, B., Emerson, A., & Doblin, R. (2018). 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted psychotherapy for post-traumatic stress disorder in military veterans, firefighters, and police officers: A randomised, double-blind, dose-response, phase 2 clinical trial. Lancet Psychiatry, 5(6), 486-497. doi:10.1016/ s2215-0366(18)30135-4
5. Elklit, A., Hyland, P., & Shevlin, M. (2014). Evidence of symptom profiles consistent with posttraumatic stress disorder and complex posttraumatic stress disorder in different trauma samples. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 5(1). doi:10.3402/ejpt.v5.24221
6. Fried, E.I., Eidhof, M.B., Palic, S., Costantini, G., Huisman-van Dijk, H.M., Bockting, C.L.H., Engelhard, I., Armour, C., Nielsen, A.B.S., & Karstoft, K.I. (2018). Replicability and generalizability of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) networks: A cross-cultural multisite study of PTSD symptoms in four trauma patient samples. Clinical Psychological Science, 6(3). doi:10.1177/2167702617745092
7. Mitchell, J.M., Bogenschutz, M., Lilienstein, A., Harrison, C., Kleiman, S., Parker-Guilbert, K., Ot’alora G., M., Garas, W., Paleos, C., Gorman, I., Nicholas, C., Mithoefer, M., Carlin, S., Poulter, B., Mithoefer, A., Quevedo, S., Wells G., Klaire, S.S., van der Kolk, B., Tzarfaty, K., Amiaz, R., Worthy, R., Shannon, S., Woolley, J.D., Marta, C., Gelfand, Y., Hapke, E., Amar, S., Wallach, Y., Brown, R., Hamilton, S., Wang, J.B., Coker, A., Matthews, R., de Boer, A., Yazar-Klosinski, B., Emerson, A., & Doblin, R. (2021). MDMA-assisted therapy for severe PTSD: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study. Nature Medicine, 27, 1025-1033. doi:10.1038/s41591-021-01336-3
8. Feduccia, A.A., Mithoefer, M.C., Jerome, L., Holland, J., Emerson, A., & Doblin, R. (2018). Response to the consensus statement of the PTSD psychopharmacology working group. Biological Psychiatry, 84(2), e21-e22. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.11.023
9. Garcia-Romeu, A., Kersgaard, B., & Addy, P.H. (2016). Clinical applications of hallucinogens: A review. Experimental Clinical Psychopharmacology, 24(4), 229-268. doi:10.1037%2Fpha0000084
10. van der Kolk, B.A., Wang, J.B., Yehuda, R., Bedorsian, L., Coker, A.R., Harrison, C., Mithoefer, M., Yazar-Klosinki, B., Emerson, A., & Doblin, R. (2024). Effects of MDMA-assisted therapy for PTSD on self-experience. PLOS ONE. doi:10.1371/journal. pone.0295926
11. American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Traumaand Stressor-Related Disorders. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed., text revision). doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787. x07_Trauma_and_Stressor_Related_Disorders
12. Iqbal, J., Huang, G., Xue, Y., Yang, M., & Jia, X. (2023). The neural circuits and molecular mechanisms underlying fear dysregulation in posttraumatic stress disorder. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 17. doi:10.3389/fnins.2023.1281401
GREY MATTERS JOURNAL AT VASSAR COLLEGE | ISSUE 8 63 REFERENCES
REFERENCES
13. Mitchell, J.M., Ot’alora G., M., van der Kolk, B., Shannon, S., Bogenschutz, M., Gelfand, Y., Paleos, C., Nicholas, C.R., Quevedo, S., Balliett, B., Hamilton, S., Mithoefer, M., Kleiman, S., Parker-Guilbert, K., Tzarfaty, K., Harrison, C., de Boer, Al., Doblin, R., Yazar-Klosinski, B., & MAPP2 Study Collaborator Group. (2023). MDMA-assisted therapy for moderate to severe PTSD: a randomized, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. Nature Medicine, 29, 24732480. doi:10.1038/s41591-023-02565-4
14. Maddox, S.A., Hartmann, J., Ross, R.A., & Ressler, K.J. (2019). Deconstructing the gestalt: Mechanisms of fear, threat, and trauma memory encoding. Neuron, 102. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2019.03.017
15. Haubrich, J., Crestani, A.P., Cassini, L.F., Santana, F., Sierra, R.O., de O Alvares, L., & Quillfeldt, J.A. (2015). Reconsolidation allows fear memory to be updated to a less aversive level through the incorporation of appetitive information. Neuropsychopharmacology, 40(2), 315-326. doi:10.1038/ npp.2014.174
16. Björkstrand, J., Agren, T., Frick, A., Engman, J., Larsson, E., Furmark, T., & Fredrikson, M. (2015). Disruption of memory reconsolidation erases a fear memory trace in the human amygdala: An 18 month follow-up. PLOS One, 10(7). doi:10.1371/ journal.pone.0129393
17. Tang, W., Kochubey, O., Kintscher, M., & Schneggenburger, R. (2020). A VTA to basal amygdala dopamine projection contributes to signal salient somatosensory events during fear learning. Journal of Neuroscience, 40(20), 3969-3980. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1796-19.2020
18. Bocchio, M., McHugh, S.B., Bannerman, D.M., Sharp, T., & Capogna, M. (2016). Serotonin, amygdala and fear: Assembling the puzzle. Frontiers in Neural Circuits, 10. doi:10.3389/fncir.2016.00024
19. Clancy, K.J., Devignes, Q., Ren, B., Pollmann, Y., Nielsen, S.R., Howell, K., Kumar, P., Belleau, E.L., Rosso, I.M. (2024). Spatiotemporal dynamics of hippocampal-cortical networks underlying the unique phenomenological properties of trauma-related intrusive memories. Molecular Psychiatry. doi:10.1038/s41380-024-02486-9
20. Feduccia, A.A., Jerome, L., Yazar-Klosinski, B., Emerson, A., Mithoefer, M.C., & Doblin, R. (2019). Breakthrough for trauma treatment: Safety and efficacy of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy compared to paroxetine and sertraline. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00650
21. Haycraft, A.L. (2023). The future for psychedelic agents in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners, 19(5). doi:10.1016/j.nurpra.2023.104586
22. Bamalan, O.A., Moore, M.J., Khalili, Y.A. (2023). Physiology, serotonin. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. PMID:31424752
23. Shelton, R.C. (2018). Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. In: Macaluso, M., Preskorn, S. (eds). Antidepressants. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, 250, 145-180. Springer. doi:10.1007/164_2018_164
24. MacNamara, A., Rabinak, C.A., Kennedy, A.E., Fitzgerald, D.A., Liberzon, I., Stein, M.B., Phan, K.L. (2016). Emotion regulatory brain function and SSRI treatment in PTSD: neural correlates and predictors of change. Neuropsychopharmacology, 41, 611-618. doi:10.1038/npp.2015.190
25. Sessa, B., (2017). MDMA and PTSD treatment: “PTSD: From novel pathophysiology to innovative therapeutics.” Neuroscience Letters, 649, 176-180. doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2016.07.004
26. Williams, T., Phillips, N.J., Stein, D.J., Ipser, J.C. (2022). Pharmacotherapy for post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 3(3). doi:10.1002/14651858. cd002795.pub3
27. National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2022). Who is using MDMA? Retrieved March 28, 2024 from https://nida.nih.gov/publications/research-reports/mdma-ecstasy-abuse/who-is-using-mdma
28. Costa, G. & Gołembiowska, K. (2022). Neurotoxicity of MDMA: Main effects and mechanisms. Experimental Neurology, 347. doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113894
29. Sottile, J.E., Macia, K.S., Wickham, R.E., & Haug, N.A. (2023). Development and initial validation of an MDMA/Ecstasy motives assessment. Addictive Behaviors, 136. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107494
30. Mustafa, N. S., Bakar, N. H. A., Mohamad, N., Adnan, L. H. M., Fauzi, N. F. A. M., Thoarlim, A., Omar, S. H. S., Hamzah, M. S., Yusoff, Z., Jufri, M., & Ahmad R. (2020). MDMA and the brain: A short review on the role of neurotransmitters in neurotoxicity. Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, 11(4), 381-388. doi:10.32598/bcn.9.10.485
GREY MATTERS JOURNAL AT VASSAR COLLEGE | ISSUE 8 64
31. Carhart-Harris, R.L., Murphy, K., Leech, R., Erritzoe, D., Wall, M.B., Ferguson, B., Williams, L.T.J., Roseman, L., Brugger, S., De Meer, I., Tanner, M., Tyacke, R., Wolff, K., Sethi, A., Bloomfield, M.A.P., Williams, T.M., Bolstridge, M., Stewart, L., Morgan, C., Newbould, R.D., Feilding, A., Curran, H.V., & Nutt, D.J. (2015). The effects of acutely administered 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine on spontaneous brain function in healthy volunteers measured with arterial spin labeling and blood oxygen level-dependent resting state functional connectivity. Biological Psychiatry, 78(8), 554-562. doi:10.1016%2Fj.biopsych.2013.12.015
32. Lizarraga, L.C., Cholaniana, A.B., Phan, A.V., Herndon, J.M., Lau, S.S., & Monks, T.J. (2015). Vesicular monoamine transporter 2 and the acute and long-term response to 3,4-(±)-methylenedioxymethamphetamine. Toxicological Sciences, 143(1), 209-219. doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfu222
33. Kirkpatrick, M.G., Lee, R., Wardle, M.C., Jacob, S., & de Wit, H. (2014). Effects of MDMA and intranasal oxytocin on social and emotional processing. Neuropsychopharmacology, 39, 1654-1663. doi:10.1038/npp.2014.12
34. Carter, C.S. (2022). Oxytocin and love: Myths, metaphors and mysteries. Comprehensive Psychoneuroendocrinology, 9. doi:10.1016/j.cpnec.2021.100107
35. Morrison, I. (2016). Keep calm and cuddle on: Social touch as a stress buffer. Adaptive Human Behavior and Physiology, 2, 344–362. doi:10.1007/ s40750-016-0052-x
36. Vizeli, P. & Liechti, M.E. (2018). Oxytocin receptor gene variations and socio-emotional effects of MDMA: A pooled analysis of controlled studies in healthy subjects. PLOS ONE, 13(6). doi:10.1371/ journal.pone.0199384
37. Molla, H., Lee, R., Lyubomirsky, S., & de Wit, H. (2023). Drug-induced social connection: Both MDMA and methamphetamine increase feelings of connectedness during controlled dyadic conversations. Scientific Reports, 13. doi:10.1038/ s41598-023-43156-0
38. Ramos, L., Hicks, C., Caminer, A., Goodwin, J., & McGregor, I.S. (2015). Oxytocin and MDMA (‘ecstasy’) enhance social reward in rats. Psychopharmacology, 232, 2631-2641. doi:10.1007/s00213015-3899-9
39. Kamilar-Britt, P. & Bedi, G. (2015). The prosocial effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA): Controlled studies in humans and laboratory animals. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 57, 433-446. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.08.016
40. Sottile, R.J. & Vida, T. (2022). A proposed mechanism for the MDMA-mediated extinction of traumatic memories in PTSD patients treated with MDMA-assisted therapy. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.991753
41. Dai, Z., Xu, X., Chen, W., Nie, L., Liu, Y., Sui, N., & Liang, J. (2022). The role of hippocampus in memory reactivation: An implication for a therapeutic target against opioid use disorder. Current Addiction Reports, 9(2), 67-79. doi:10.1007%2Fs40429022-00407-w
42. Molitor, R.J., Sherrill, K.R., Morton, N.W., Miller, A.A., & Preston, A.R. (2021). Memory reactivation during learning simultaneously promotes dentate gyrus/ CA2,3 pattern differentiation and CA1 memory integration. Journal of Neuroscience, 41(4), 726-738. doi:10.1523%2FJNEUROSCI.0394-20.2020
43. Wunderli, M.D., Vonmoos, M., Fürst, M., Schädelin, K., Kraemer, T., Baumgartner, M.R., Seifritz, E., & Quednow, B.B. (2017). Discrete memory impairments in largely pure chronic users of MDMA. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 27(10), 987999. doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.08.425
44. Lee, J.L.C., Nader, K., & Schiller, D. (2017). An update on memory reconsolidation updating. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 21(7), 531-545. 10.1016/j. tics.2017.04.006
45. Schwabe, L., Nader, K., & Pruessner, J.C. (2014). Reconsolidation of human memory: Brain mechanisms and clinical relevance. Biological Psychiatry, 76(4), 274-280. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.03.008
46. Costa, G., Morelli, M., & Simola, N. (2017). Progression and persistence of neurotoxicity induced by MDMA in dopaminergic regions of the mouse brain and association with noradrenergic, GABAergic, and serotonergic damage. Neurotoxicity Research, 32, 563-574. doi:10.1007/s12640-017-9761-6
47. Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies. (2023, December 13). MAPS celebrates submission of new drug application to FDA for MDMA-assisted therapy for PTSD. Globe Newswire. Retrieved March 31, 2024 from https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2023/12/13/2795925/0/en/MAPS-Celebrates-Submission-of-New-Drug-Application-toFDA-for-MDMA-Assisted-Therapy-for-PTSD.html
48. Feduccia, A.A. & Mithoefer, M.C. (2018). MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for PTSD: Are memory reconsolidation and fear extinction underlying mechanisms? Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 84, 221-228. doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.03.003
GREY MATTERS JOURNAL AT VASSAR COLLEGE | ISSUE 8 65 REFERENCES
49. Hall, W. (2022). Why was early therapeutic research on psychedelic drugs abandoned? Psychological Medicine, 52(1), 26-31. doi:10.1017/ S0033291721004207
50. U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. (2024, January 5). To improve care for Veterans, VA to fund studies on new therapies for treating mental health conditions [Press release]. Retrieved from https://news.va.gov/press-room/to-improvecare-for-veterans-va-to-fund-studies-on-newtherapies-for-treating-mental-health-conditions/
FROM PLEASURE TO PAIN: THE EFFECTS OF COCAINE USE DISORDER ON THE BRAIN
1. Ghosh, A., Naskar, C., Sharma, N., Fazl-e-Roub, Choudhury, S., Basu, A., Pillai, R. R., Basu, D., & Mattoo, S. K. (2022). Does online newsmedia portrayal of substance use and persons with Substance Misuse Endorse Stigma? A qualitative study from India. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 20(6), 3460–3478. doi:10.1007/s11469022-00859-1
2. Denham, B., Cacciatore, S., & Caves, M. (2021). Bleeding borders and enemies within: How newsmagazine covers portrayed drugs of abuse, 1979–2019. Contemporary Drug Problems, 48(1), 3–18. doi:10.1177/0091450921993835
3. Clare, K., Pan, C., Kim, G., Park, K., Zhao, J., Volkow, N. D., Lin, Z., & Du, C. (2021). Cocaine reduces the neuronal population while upregulating dopamine D2-receptor-expressing neurons in brain reward regions: Sex-effects. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 12. doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.624127
4. Creed, M., Kaufling, J., Fois, G. R., Jalabert, M., Yuan, T., Lüscher, C., Georges, F., & Bellone, C. (2016). Cocaine exposure enhances the activity of ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons via calcium-impermeable NMDARs. The Journal of Neuroscience, 36(42), 10759–10768. doi:10.1523/ jneurosci.1703-16.2016
5. Gerth, A. I., Alhadeff, A. L., Grill, H. J., & Roitman, M. F. (2017). Regional influence of cocaine on evoked dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens core: A role for the caudal brainstem. Brain Research, 1655, 252–260. doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2016.10.022
6. Biondich, A. S., & Joslin, J. D. (2016). Coca: The history and medical significance of an ancient Andean tradition. Emergency Medicine International, 2016, 1–5. doi:10.1155/2016/4048764
7. Roque Bravo, R., Faria, A. C., Brito-da-Costa, A. M., Carmo, H., Mladěnka, P., Dias da Silva, D., & Remião, F. (2022). Cocaine: An updated overview on chemistry, detection, biokinetics, and pharmacotoxicological aspects including abuse pattern. Toxins, 14(4), 278. doi:10.3390/toxins14040278
8. Schwartz, E. K., Wolkowicz, N. R., De Aquino, J. P., MacLean, R. R., & Sofuoglu, M. (2022). Cocaine use disorder (CUD): Current clinical perspectives. Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation, 13, 25–46. doi:10.2147/sar.s337338
9. Schoenbaum, G., Chang, C.-Y., Lucantonio, F., & Takahashi, Y. K. (2016). Thinking outside the box: Orbitofrontal cortex, imagination, and how we can treat addiction. Neuropsychopharmacology, 41(13), 2966–2976. doi:10.1038/npp.2016.147
10. Waxenbaum, J. A. (2023). Anatomy, autonomic nervous system. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. PMID:30969667
11. Bennett, J. M., Reeves, G., Billman, G. E., & Sturmberg, J. P. (2018). Inflammation–nature’s way to efficiently respond to all types of challenges: Implications for understanding and managing “the epidemic” of chronic diseases. Frontiers in Medicine, 5. doi:10.3389/fmed.2018.00316
12. Kim, S., & Park, T. (2019). Acute and chronic effects of cocaine on cardiovascular health. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20(3), 584. doi:10.3390/ijms20030584
13. Tindle, J. (2022). Neuroanatomy, parasympathetic nervous system. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. PMID:31985934
14. Südhof, T. C. (2021). The cell biology of synapse formation. Journal of Cell Biology, 220(7). doi:10.1083/jcb.202103052
15. Faber, D. S., & Pereda, A. E. (2018). Two forms of electrical transmission between neurons. Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience, 11. doi:10.3389/ fnmol.2018.00427
16. Niello, M., Gradisch, R., Loland, C. J., Stockner, T., & Sitte, H. H. (2020). Allosteric modulation of neurotransmitter transporters as a therapeutic strategy. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, 41(7), 446–463. doi:10.1016/j.tips.2020.04.006
17. Verma, V. (2015). Classic studies on the interaction of cocaine and the dopamine transporter. Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience, 13(3), 227–238. doi:10.9758/cpn.2015.13.3.227
18. Heal, D. J., Gosden, J., & Smith, S. L. (2014). Dopamine reuptake transporter (DAT) “inverse agonism” – a novel hypothesis to explain the enigmatic pharmacology of cocaine. Neuropharmacology, 87, 19–40. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.06.012
GREY MATTERS JOURNAL AT VASSAR COLLEGE | ISSUE 8 66 REFERENCES
19. Cai, J., & Tong, Q. (2022). Anatomy and function of ventral tegmental area glutamate neurons. Frontiers in Neural Circuits, 16. doi:10.3389/fncir.2022.867053
20. Volkow, N. D., & Morales, M. (2015). The brain on drugs: From reward to addiction. Cell, 162(4), 712–725. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2015.07.046
21. Poisson, C. L., Engel, L., & Saunders, B. T. (2021). Dopamine circuit mechanisms of addiction-like behaviors. Frontiers in Neural Circuits, 15. doi:10.3389/fncir.2021.752420
22. Samaha, A.-N., Khoo, S. Y.-S., Ferrario, C. R., & Robinson, T. E. (2021). Dopamine ‘ups and downs’ in addiction revisited. Trends in Neurosciences, 44(7), 516–526. doi:10.1016/j.tins.2021.03.003
23. Chiamulera, C., Piva, A., & Abraham, W. C. (2021). Glutamate receptors and metaplasticity in addiction. Current Opinion in Pharmacology, 56, 39–45. doi:10.1016/j.coph.2020.09.005
24. Moulin, T. C., & Schiöth, H. B. (2020). Excitability, synaptic balance, and addiction: The homeostatic dynamics of ionotropic glutamatergic receptors in VTA after cocaine exposure. Behavioral and Brain Functions, 16(1). doi:10.1186/s12993-020-00168-4
25. Pal, M. M. (2021). Glutamate: The master neurotransmitter and its implications in chronic stress and mood disorders. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 15. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2021.722323
26. D’Souza, M. S. (2015). Glutamatergic transmission in drug reward: Implications for drug addiction. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 9. doi:10.3389/ fnins.2015.00404
27. Gong, S., Fayette, N., Heinsbroek, J. A., & Ford, C. P. (2021). Cocaine shifts dopamine D2 receptor sensitivity to gate conditioned behaviors. Neuron, 109(21). doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2021.08.012
28. Volkow, N. D., Michaelides, M., & Baler, R. (2019). The neuroscience of drug reward and addiction. Physiological Reviews, 99(4), 2115–2140. doi:10.1152/physrev.00014.2018
29. Sampaio-Baptista, C., & Johansen-Berg, H. (2017). White matter plasticity in the adult brain. Neuron, 96(6), 1239–1251. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2017.11.026
30. Hampton, W. H., Hanik, I. M., & Olson, I. R. (2019). Substance abuse and white matter: Findings, limitations, and future of Diffusion Tensor Imaging Research. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 197, 288–298. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.02.005
31. Li, X., Salami, A., Avelar-Pereira, B., Bäckman, L., & Persson, J. (2022). White-matter integrity and working memory: Links to aging and dopamine-related genes. Eneuro, 9(2). doi:10.1523/ eneuro.0413-21.2022
32. Desai, R. A., Davies, A. L., Tachrount, M., Kasti, M., Laulund, F., Golay, X., & Smith, K. J. (2016). Cause and prevention of demyelination in a model multiple sclerosis lesion. Annals of Neurology, 79(4), 591–604. doi:10.1002/ana.24607
33. Ma, L., Steinberg, J. L., Wang, Q., Schmitz, J. M., Boone, E. L., Narayana, P. A., & Moeller, F. G. (2017). A preliminary longitudinal study of white matter alteration in cocaine use disorder subjects. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 173, 39–46. doi:10.1016/j. drugalcdep.2016.12.016
34. Tondo, L. P., Viola, T. W., Fries, G. R., Kluwe-Schiavon, B., Rothmann, L. M., Cupertino, R., Ferreira, P., Franco, A. R., Lane, S. D., Stertz, L., Zhao, Z., Hu, R., Meyer, T., Schmitz, J. M., Walss-Bass, C., & Grassi-Oliveira, R. (2021). White matter deficits in cocaine use disorder: Convergent evidence from in vivo diffusion tensor imaging and ex vivo proteomic analysis. Translational Psychiatry, 11(1). doi:10.1038/s41398-021-01367-x
35. Alballa, T., Boone, E. L., Ma, L., Snyder, A., & Moeller, F. G. (2021). Exploring the relationship between white matter integrity, cocaine use and gad polymorphisms using Bayesian model averaging. PLOS ONE, 16(7). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0254776
36. Maxfield, M., Cooper, M. S., Kavanagh, A., Devine, A., & Gill Atkinson, L. (2021). On The outside looking in: A phenomenological study of the lived experience of Australian adults with a disorder of the corpus callosum. Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases, 16(1). doi:10.1186/s13023-021-02140-5
37. Farhoudian, A., Razaghi, E., Hooshyari, Z., Noroozi, A., Pilevari, A., Mokri, A., Mohammadi, M. R., Malekinejad, M. (2022). Barriers and facilitators to substance use disorder treatment: An overview of systemic reviews. Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment, 16. doi:10.1177/11782218221118462
38. Kampman, K. M. (2019). The treatment of cocaine use disorder. Science Advances, 5(10). doi:10.1126/ sciadv.aax1532
FEATURED
WHAT’S PORN GOT TO DO WITH IT? THE ROLE OF EMPATHY IN SEXUAL VIOLENCE
1. Berstein, S., Warburton, W., Bussey, K., & Sweller, N. (2021). “Rule 34: If it exists, there is porn of it...” Insights into the content choices, viewing reasons and attitudinal impact of internet pornography among young adults. Sexual Health & Compulsivity, 28(1-2), 1-28. doi:10.1080/26929953.2021.1986 763
GREY MATTERS JOURNAL AT VASSAR COLLEGE | ISSUE 8 67 REFERENCES
2. Tyler, M., & Quek, K. (2016). Conceptualizing pornographication: A lack of clarity and problems for feminist analysis. Sexualization, Media, & Society, 2(2). doi:10.1177/2374623816643281
3. Bridges, A. J., Condit, D. M., Dines, G., Johnson, J. A., & West, C. M. (2015). Introducing sexualization, media, & society. Sexualization, Media, & Society, 1(1). doi:10.1177/2374623815588763
4. Ward, L. M. (2016). Media and sexualization: State of empirical research, 1995–2015. The Journal of Sex Research, 53(4–5), 560–577. doi:10.1080/0022 4499.2016.1142496
5. Peter, J., & Valkenburg, P. M. (2016). Adolescents and pornography: A review of 20 years of research. The Journal of Sex Research, 53(4–5), 509–531. doi:10.1080/00224499.2016.1143441
6. Fisher, W. A., & Kohut, T. (2019). Reading pornography: Methodological considerations in evaluating pornography research. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 17(2), 195–209. doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2019.11.257
7. Chapman, M., Dammeyer, J., Strizzi, J. M., & Hald, G. M. (2023). Using pornography, paying for sex, and violence: A Danish national survey study. The Journal of Sex Research, 1–12. doi:10.1080/002244 99.2023.2280965
8. Richters, J., de Visser, R. O., Badcock, P. B., Smith, A. M., Rissel, C., Simpson, J. M., & Grulich, A. E. (2014). Masturbation, paying for sex, and other sexual activities: The Second Australian Study of health and relationships. Sexual Health, 11(5), 461–471. doi:10.1071/sh14116
9. Carroll, J. S., Busby, D. M., Willoughby, B. J., & Brown, C. C. (2016). The porn gap: Differences in men’s and women’s pornography patterns in couple relationships. Journal of Couple & Relationship Therapy, 16(2), 146–163. doi:10.1080/1533269 1.2016.1238796
10. Marshall, E. A., & Miller, H. A. (2022). The role of sexual scripts in the relationship between pornography use and sexual coercion. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 38(7–8), 5519–5541. doi:10.1177/08862605221123291
11. Vera-Gray, F., McGlynn, C., Kureshi, I., & Butterby, K. (2021). Sexual violence as a sexual script in mainstream online pornography. The British Journal of Criminology, 61(5), 1243–1260. doi:10.1093/ bjc/azab035
12. Foubert, J. D., & Bridges, A. J. (2016). What is the attraction? Pornography use motives in relation to bystander intervention. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 32(20), 3071–3089. doi:10.1177/0886260515596538
13. Hald, G. M., & Malamuth, N. N. (2014). Experimental effects of exposure to pornography: The moderating effect of personality and mediating effect of sexual arousal. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 44(1), 99–109. doi:10.1007/s10508-014-0291-5
14. Shor, E. (2021). Who seeks aggression in pornography? findings from interviews with viewers. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 51, 1237–1255. doi:10.1007/s10508-021-02053-1
15. Biota, I., Dosil-Santamaria, M., Mondragon, N. I., & Ozamiz-Etxebarria, N. (2022). Analyzing university students’ perceptions regarding mainstream pornography and its link to SDG5. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(13), 8055. doi:10.3390/ijerph19138055
16. Herbitter, C., Norris, A. L., Nelson, K. M., & Orchowski, L. M. (2021). Understanding associations between exposure to violent pornography and teen dating violence among female sexual minority high school students. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37(17–18). doi:10.1177/08862605211028314
17. Fritz, N., Malic, V., Paul, B., & Zhou, Y. (2020). A descriptive analysis of the types, targets, and relative frequency of aggression in mainstream pornography. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 49(8), 3041–3053. doi:10.1007/s10508-020-01773-0
18. Marsh, A. A. (2018). The neuroscience of empathy. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 19, 110–115. doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2017.12.016
19. Wright, P. J., & Tokunaga, R. S. (2015). Men’s objectifying media consumption, objectification of women, and attitudes supportive of violence against women. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 45(4), 955–964. doi:10.1007/s10508-015-0644-8
20. Zhou, Y., Liu, T., Yan, (Harry) Yaojun, & Paul, B. (2021). Pornography use, two forms of dehumanization, and sexual aggression: Attitudes vs. behaviors. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 47(6), 571–590. doi:10.1080/0092623X.2021.1923598
21. Cogoni, C., Carnaghi, A., & Silani, G. (2021). Reduced shared emotional representations toward women revealing more skin. Cognition and Emotion, 35(2), 225–240. doi:10.1080/02699931.2020.1 826409
22. Levitan, J. A., & Vachon, D. D. (2021). The nuanced association between deficient empathy and sexual aggression. Personality and Individual Differences, 177, 110812. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2021.110812
23. Štulhofer, A. (2020). Is male adolescents’ sexual aggressiveness better explained by prior pornography use or callousness? A Brief Report. Sexual Abuse, 33(3), 361–373. doi:10.1177/1079063220952777
GREY MATTERS JOURNAL AT VASSAR COLLEGE | ISSUE 8 68 REFERENCES
24. Baer, J. L., Kohut, T., & Fisher, W. A. (2015). Is pornography use associated with anti-woman sexual aggression? Re-examining the confluence model with third variable considerations. The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality, 24(2), 160–173. doi:10.3138/cjhs.242-A6
25. Kor, A., Djalovski, A., Potenza, M. N., Zagoory-Sharon, O., & Feldman, R. (2022). Alterations in oxytocin and vasopressin in men with problematic pornography use: The role of empathy. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 11(1), 116–127. doi:10.1556/2006.2021.00089
26. Johnson, S. A. (2015). The role of pornography in sexual offenses: Information for law enforcement & forensic psychologists. International Journal of Mental Health and Human Resilience, 17, 239-242.
27. Tranchese, A., & Sugiura, L. (2021). “I don’t hate all women, just those stuck-up bitches”: How incels and mainstream pornography speak the same extreme language of misogyny. Violence Against Women, 27(14), 2709–2734. doi:10.1177/1077801221996453
28. Kraus, S. W., Krueger, R. B., Briken, P., First, M. B., Stein, D. J., Kaplan, M. S., Voon, V., Abdo, C. H. N., Grant, J. E., Atalla, E., & Reed, G. M. (2018). Compulsive sexual behaviour disorder in the ICD11. World Psychiatry, 17(1), 109–110. doi:10.1002/ wps.20499
29. Hanseder, S., & Dantas, J. A. (2023). Males’ lived experience with self-perceived pornography addiction: A qualitative study of problematic porn use. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(2), 1497. doi:10.3390/ ijerph20021497
30. Cardoso, J., Ramos, C., Brito, J., & Almeida, T. C. (2023). Difficulties in emotion regulation and problematic pornography use: The mediating role of loneliness. International Journal of Sexual Health, 35(3), 481–493. doi:10.1080/19317611.2023.2224807
31. Levi, G., Cohen, C., Kaliche, S., Sharaabi, S., Cohen, K., Tzur-Bitan, D., & Weinstein, A. (2020). Sexual addiction, compulsivity, and impulsivity among a predominantly female sample of adults who use the internet for sex. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 9(1), 83–92. doi:10.1556/2006.2020.00007
32. Antons, S., Engel, J., Briken, P., Krüger, T. H. C., Brand, M., & Stark, R. (2022). Treatments and interventions for compulsive sexual behavior disorder with a focus on problematic pornography use: A preregistered systematic review. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 11(3), 643–666. doi:10.1556/2006.2022.00061
33. Lee, R. S., Hoppenbrouwers, S., & Franken, I. (2019). A systematic meta-review of impulsivity and compulsivity in addictive behaviors. Neuropsychology Review, 29, 14–26. doi:10.1007/s11065019-09402-x
34. Antons, S., & Brand, M. (2018). Trait and state impulsivity in males with tendency towards Internet-pornography-use disorder. Addictive Behaviors, 79, 171–177. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.12.029
35. Bőthe, B., Tóth-Király, I., Potenza, M. N., Griffiths, M. D., Orosz, G., & Demetrovics, Z. (2019). Revisiting the role of impulsivity and compulsivity in problematic sexual behaviors. The Journal of Sex Research, 56(2), 166–179. doi:10.1080/00224499.2 018.1480744
36. Rumpf, H.-J., & Montag, C. (2022). Where to put compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD)? phenomenology matters. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 11(2), 230–233. doi:10.1556/2006.2022.00039
37. Brand, M., & Potenza, M. N. (2023). Behavioral addictions in the ICD-11: An important debate that is anticipated to continue for some time. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 12(3), 585–589. doi:10.1556/2006.2023.00042
38. Adams, R. C., Sedgmond, J., Maizey, L., Chambers, C. D., & Lawrence, N. S. (2019). Food addiction: Implications for the diagnosis and treatment of overeating. Nutrients, 11(9), 2086. doi:10.3390/ nu11092086
39. Ince, C., Yücel, M., Albertella, L., & Fontenelle, L. F. (2020). Exploring the clinical profile of problematic pornography use. CNS Spectrums, 26(6), 648–657. doi:10.1017/S1092852920001686
40. Grubbs, J. B., Exline, J. J., Pargament, K. I., Hook, J. N., & Carlisle, R. D. (2014). Transgression as addiction: Religiosity and moral disapproval as predictors of perceived addiction to pornography. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 44(1), 125–136. doi:10.1007/s10508-013-0257-z
41. Mennig, M., Tennie, S., & Barke, A. (2022). Self-perceived problematic use of online pornography is linked to clinically relevant levels of psychological distress and psychopathological symptoms. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 51(2), 1313–1321. doi:10.1007/s10508-021-02101-w
42. Christensen, E., Albertella, L., Chamberlain, S. R., Brydevall, M., Suo, C., Grant, J. E., Yücel, M., & Lee, R. S. C. (2024). The neurocognitive correlates of non-substance addictive behaviors. Addictive Behaviors, 150, 107904. doi:10.1016/j. addbeh.2023.107904
GREY MATTERS JOURNAL AT VASSAR COLLEGE | ISSUE 8 69 REFERENCES
43. Perales, J. C., King, D. L., Navas, J. F., Schimmenti, A., Sescousse, G., Starcevic, V., van Holst, R. J., & Billieux, J. (2020). Learning to lose control: A process-based account of behavioral addiction. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 108, 771–780. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.12.025
44. Noori, H. R., Cosa Linan, A., & Spanagel, R. (2016). Largely overlapping neuronal substrates of reactivity to drug, gambling, food and sexual cues: A comprehensive meta-analysis. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 26(9), 1419–1430. doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2016.06.013
45. Blinka, L., Ševčíková, A., Dreier, M., Škařupová, K., & Wölfling, K. (2022). Online sex addiction: A qualitative analysis of symptoms in treatment-seeking men. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13, 907549. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.907549
46. Demetrovics, Z., Van Den Brink, W., Paksi, B., Horváth, Z., & Maraz, A. (2022). Relating compulsivity and impulsivity with severity of behavioral addictions: A dynamic interpretation of large-scale cross-sectional findings. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13, 831992. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.831992
47. Cai, J., & Tong, Q. (2022). Anatomy and function of ventral tegmental area glutamate neurons. Frontiers in Neural Circuits, 16, 867053. doi:10.3389/ fncir.2022.867053
48. Scofield, M. D., Heinsbroek, J. A., Gipson, C. D., Kupchik, Y. M., Spencer, S., Smith, A. C., Roberts-Wolfe, D., & Kalivas, P. W. (2016). The nucleus accumbens: Mechanisms of addiction across drug classes reflect the importance of glutamate homeostasis. Pharmacological Reviews, 68(3), 816–871. doi:10.1124/pr.116.012484
49. Love, T. M. (2014). Oxytocin, motivation and the role of dopamine. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 119, 49–60. doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2013.06.011
50. Nestler, E. J., & Lüscher, C. (2019). The molecular basis of drug addiction: Linking epigenetic to synaptic and circuit mechanisms. Neuron, 102(1), 48–59. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2019.01.016
51. Olney, J. J., Warlow, S. M., Naffziger, E. E., & Berridge, K. C. (2018). Current perspectives on incentive salience and applications to clinical disorders. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 22, 59–69. doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2018.01.007
52. Kowalewska, E., Grubbs, J. B., Potenza, M. N., Gola, M., Draps, M., & Kraus, S. W. (2018). Neurocognitive mechanisms in compulsive sexual behavior disorder. Current Sexual Health Reports, 10(4), 255–264. doi:10.1007/s11930-018-0176-z
53. Becker, S., Bräscher, A.-K., Bannister, S., Bensafi, M., Calma-Birling, D., Chan, R. C. K., Eerola, T., Ellingsen, D.-M., Ferdenzi, C., Hanson, J. L., Joffily, M., Lidhar, N. K., Lowe, L. J., Martin, L. J., Musser, E. D., Noll-Hussong, M., Olino, T. M., Pintos Lobo, R., & Wang, Y. (2019). The role of hedonics in the human affectome. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 102, 221–241. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.05.003
54. Grigutsch, L. A., Lewe, G., Rothermund, K., & Koranyi, N. (2019). Implicit ‘wanting’ without implicit ‘liking’: A test of incentive-sensitization-theory in the context of smoking addiction using the wanting-implicit-association-test (W-IAT). Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 64, 9–14. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2019.01.002
55. Linnet, J. (2014). Neurobiological underpinnings of reward anticipation and outcome evaluation in gambling disorder. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 8. doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00100
56. Antons, S., Brand, M., & Potenza, M. N. (2020). Neurobiology of cue-reactivity, craving, and inhibitory control in non-substance addictive behaviors. Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 415, 116952. doi:10.1016/j.jns.2020.116952
57. Gola, M., Wordecha, M., Sescousse, G., Lew-Starowicz, M., Kossowski, B., Wypych, M., Makeig, S., Potenza, M. N., & Marchewka, A. (2017). Can pornography be addictive? An fMRI study of men seeking treatment for problematic pornography Use. Neuropsychopharmacology, 42(10), 2021–2031. doi:10.1038/npp.2017.78
58. Voon, V., Mole, T. B., Banca, P., Porter, L., Morris, L., Mitchell, S., Lapa, T. R., Karr, J., Harrison, N. A., Potenza, M. N., & Irvine, M. (2014). Neural correlates of sexual cue reactivity in individuals with and without compulsive sexual behaviours. PLOS ONE, 9(7), e102419. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0102419
59. Christensen, E., Albertella, L., Chamberlain, S. R., Brydevall, M., Suo, C., Grant, J. E., Yücel, M., & Lee, R. S. C. (2024). The neurocognitive correlates of non-substance addictive behaviors. Addictive Behaviors, 150, 107904. doi:10.1016/j. addbeh.2023.107904
60. Bornstein, A. M., & Pickard, H. (2020). “Chasing the first high”: Memory sampling in drug choice. Neuropsychopharmacology, 45(6), 907–915. doi:10.1038/s41386-019-0594-2
61. Banca, P., Morris, L. S., Mitchell, S., Harrison, N. A., Potenza, M. N., & Voon, V. (2016). Novelty, conditioning and attentional bias to sexual rewards. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 72, 91–101. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.10.017
GREY MATTERS JOURNAL AT VASSAR COLLEGE | ISSUE 8 70
REFERENCES
62. Wang, J., Chen, Y., & Zhang, H. (2022). Electrophysiological evidence of enhanced processing of novel pornographic images in individuals with tendencies toward problematic internet pornography use. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 16, 897536. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2022.897536
63. Kühn, S., & Gallinat, J. (2014). Brain structure and functional connectivity associated with pornography consumption. JAMA Psychiatry, 71(7), 827–834. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.93
64. Dwulit, A. D., & Rzymski, P. (2019). Prevalence, patterns and self-perceived effects of pornography consumption in Polish university students: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(10), 1861. doi:10.3390/ijerph16101861
65. Egecioglu, E., Prieto-Garcia, L., Studer, E., Westberg, L., & Jerlhag, E. (2016). The role of ghrelin signalling for sexual behaviour in male mice. Addiction Biology, 21(2), 348–359. doi:10.1111/adb.12202
66. Park, B., Wilson, G., Berger, J., Christman, M., Reina, B., Bishop, F., Klam, W., & Doan, A. (2016). Is internet pornography causing sexual dysfunctions?
A review with clinical reports. Behavioral Sciences, 6(3), 17. doi:10.3390/bs6030017
67. Costa, V. D., Tran, V. L., Turchi, J., & Averbeck, B. B. (2014). Dopamine modulates novelty seeking behavior during decision making. Behavioral Neuroscience, 128(5), 556–566. doi:10.1037/a0037128
68. Mikorski, R., & Szymanski, D. M. (2017). Masculine norms, peer group, pornography, Facebook, and men’s sexual objectification of women. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 18(4), 257–267. doi:10.1037/ men0000058
69. Bridges, A. J., Willis, M., Ezzell, M. B., Sun, C.F., Johnson, J. A., & Wright, P. J. (2024). Pornography use and sexual objectification of others. Violence Against Women, 30(1), 228–248. doi:10.1177/10778012231207041
70. Ezzell, M. B., Johnson, J. A., Bridges, A. J., & Sun, C. F. (2020). I (dis)like it like that: Gender, pornography, and liking sex. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 46(5), 460–473. doi:10.1080/009262 3X.2020.1758860
71. Bridges, A. J., Sun, C. F., Ezzell, M. B., & Johnson, J. (2016). Sexual scripts and the sexual behavior of men and women who use pornography. Sexualization, Media, & Society, 2(4). doi:10.1177/2374623816668275
72. Impett, E. A., Muise, A., & Rosen, N. O. (2015). Is it good to be giving in the bedroom? A prosocial perspective on sexual health and well-being in romantic relationships. Current Sexual Health Re-
ports, 7, 180–190. doi:10.1007/s11930-015-0055-9
73. Acevedo, B. P., Poulin, M. J., Geher, G., Grafton, S., & Brown, L. L. (2019). The neural and genetic correlates of satisfying sexual activity in heterosexual pair-bonds. Brain and Behavior, 9(6). doi:10.1002/ brb3.1289
74. Hudson-Flege, M. D., Grover, H. M., Meçe, M. H., Ramos, A. K., & Thompson, M. P. (2020). Empathy as a moderator of sexual violence perpetration risk factors among college men. Journal of American College Health, 68(2), 139–147. doi:10.1080/07
448481.2018.1536055
75. Carter, C. S. (2017). The oxytocin–vasopressin pathway in the context of love and fear. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 8. doi:10.3389/fendo.2017.00356
76. de Jong, T. R., & Neumann, I. D. (2017). Oxytocin and aggression. Behavioral Pharmacology of Neuropeptides: Oxytocin, 175–192. doi:10.1007/7854_2017_13
77. Sparapani, S., Millet-Boureima, C., Oliver, J., Mu, K., Hadavi, P., Kalostian, T., Ali, N., Avelar, C. M., Bardies, M., Barrow, B., Benedikt, M., Biancardi, G., Bindra, R., Bui, L., Chihab, Z., Cossitt, A., Costa, J., Daigneault, T., Dault, J., Davidson, I., Dias, J., Dufour, E., El-Khoury, S., Farhangdoost, N., Forget, A., Fox, A., Gebrael, M., Gentile, M.C., Geraci, O., Gnanapragasam, A., Gomah, E., Haber, E., Hamel, C., Iyanker, T., Kalantzis, C., Kamali, S., Kassardjian, E., Kontos, H.K., Uven Le. T.B., LoScerbo, D., Low, Y.F., Mac Rae, D., Maurer, F., Mazhar, S., Nguyen, A., Nguyen-Duong, K., Osborne-Laroche, C., Park, H.W., Parolin, E., Paul-Cole, K., Peer, L.S., Philippon, M., Plaisir, C., Marroquin, J.P., Prasad, Simran., Ramsarun, R., Razzaq, S., Rhainds, S., Robin, D., Scartozzi, R., Davindra, S., Fard, S.S., Soroko, M., Motlagh, N.S., Stern, K., Toro, L., Toure, M.W., Tran-Huynh, S., Trépanier-Chicoine, S., Waddingham, C., Weekes, A.J., Wisniewski, A., Gamberi, C. (2021). The biology of vasopressin. Biomedicines, 9(1), 89. doi:10.3390/biomedicines9010089
78. Feldman, R. (2017). The Neurobiology of Human Attachments. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 21(2), 80–99. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2016.11.007
79. Cera, N., Vargas-Cáceres, S., Oliveira, C., Monteiro, J., Branco, D., Pignatelli, D., & Rebelo, S. (2021). How relevant is the systemic oxytocin concentration for human sexual behavior? A systematic review. Sexual Medicine, 9(4), 100370–100370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esxm.2021.100370
80. Stallen, M., Rossi, F., Heijne, A., Smidts, A., De Dreu, C. K. W., & Sanfey, A. G. (2018). Neurobiological mechanisms of responding to injustice. The Journal of Neuroscience, 38(12), 2944–2954. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1242-17.2018
GREY MATTERS JOURNAL AT VASSAR COLLEGE | ISSUE 8 71 REFERENCES
81. Krueger, F., Parasuraman, R., Moody, L., Twieg, P., de Visser, E., McCabe, K., O’Hara, M., & Lee, M. R. (2012). Oxytocin selectively increases perceptions of harm for victims but not the desire to punish offenders of criminal offenses. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 8(5), 494–498. doi:10.1093/scan/nss026
82. Hu, Y., Scheele, D., Becker, B., Voos, G., David, B., Hurlemann, R., & Weber, B. (2016). The effect of oxytocin on third-party altruistic decisions in unfair situations: An fmri study. Scientific Reports, 6(1). doi:10.1038/srep20236
83. Jääskeläinen, I. P., & Kosonogov, V. (2023). Perspective taking in the human brain: complementary evidence from neuroimaging studies with media-based naturalistic stimuli and artificial controlled paradigms. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 17. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2023.1051934
84. Cogoni, C., Monachesi, B., Mazza, V., Grecucci, A., & Vaes, J. (2023). Neural dynamics of vicarious physical pain processing reflect impaired empathy toward sexually objectified versus non‐sexually objectified women. Psychophysiology, 60(12), e14400. doi:10.1111/psyp.14400
85. Morris, K. L., Goldenberg, J., & Boyd, P. (2018). Women as animals, women as objects: Evidence for two forms of objectification. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 44(9), 1302–1314. doi:10.1177/0146167218765739
86. Cogoni, C., Carnaghi, A., & Silani, G. (2018). Reduced empathic responses for sexually objectified women: An fMRI investigation. Cortex, 99, 258–272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2017.11.020
87. Braithwaite, S. R., Coulson, G., Keddington, K., & Fincham, F. D. (2014). The influence of pornography on sexual scripts and hooking up among emerging adults in college. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 44(1), 111–123. doi:10.1007/s10508-0140351-x
88. Stietz, J., Jauk, E., Krach, S., & Kanske, P. (2019). Dissociating empathy from perspective-taking: Evidence from intra- and inter-individual differences research. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, 126. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00126
89. Davis, A. N., Martin-Cuellar, A., & Luce, H. (2019). Life events and prosocial behaviors among young adults: Considering the roles of perspective taking and empathic concern. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 180(4–5), 205–216. doi:10.1080/002213 25.2019.1632785
90. Riečanský, I., & Lamm, C. (2019). The role of sensorimotor processes in pain empathy. Brain Topography, 32(6), 965–976. doi:10.1007/s10548-01900738-4
91. Orenius, T. I., Raij, T. T., Nuortimo, A., Näätänen, P., Lipsanen, J., & Karlsson, H. (2017). The interaction of emotion and pain in the insula and secondary somatosensory cortex. Neuroscience, 349, 185–194. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.02.047
92. Rütgen, M., Seidel, E.-M., Silani, G., Riečanský, I., Hummer, A., Windischberger, C., Petrovic, P., & Lamm, C. (2015). Placebo analgesia and its opioidergic regulation suggest that empathy for pain is grounded in self pain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112(41), 5638–5646. doi:10.1073/pnas.1511269112
93. Namkung, H., Kim, S.-H., & Sawa, A. (2017). The insula: An underestimated brain area in clinical neuroscience, psychiatry, and neurology. Trends in Neurosciences, 40(4), 200–207. doi:10.1016/j. tins.2017.02.002
94. Skorska, M. N., Hodson, G., & Hoffarth, M. R. (2018). Experimental effects of degrading versus erotic pornography exposure in men on reactions toward women (objectification, sexism, discrimination). The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality, 27(3), 261–276. doi:10.3138/cjhs.2018-0001
95. Garaigordobil, M. (2014). Sexism and empathy: Differences as a function of sociodemographic variables and relations between both constructs. In Advances in Psychology Research (Vol. 100, pp. 59–80). Nova Science Publishers. ISBN: 978-163321-482-8.
96. Rosell, D. R., & Siever, L. J. (2015). The neurobiology of aggression and violence. CNS Spectrums, 20(3), 254–279. doi:10.1017/s109285291500019x
97. Wright, P. J., Tokunaga, R. S., & Kraus, A. (2015). A meta-analysis of pornography consumption and actual acts of sexual aggression in general population studies: Pornography and sexual aggression. Journal of Communication, 66(1), 183–205. doi:10.1111/jcom.12201
98. Wright, P. J., Paul, B., & Herbenick, D. (2021). Preliminary insights from a U.S. probability sample on adolescents’ pornography exposure, media psychology, and sexual aggression. Journal of Health Communication, 26(1), 39–46. doi:10.1080/1081073 0.2021.1887980
99. Marshall, E. A., & Miller, H. A. (2019). Consistently inconsistent: A systematic review of the measurement of pornography use. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 48, 169–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. avb.2019.08.019
GREY MATTERS JOURNAL AT VASSAR COLLEGE | ISSUE 8 72
REFERENCES
100. Rostad, W. L., Gittins-Stone, D., Huntington, C., Rizzo, C. J., Pearlman, D., & Orchowski, L. (2019). The association between exposure to violent pornography and teen dating violence in grade 10 high school students. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 48(7), 2137–2147. doi:10.1007/s10508-019-1435-4
101. Johnson, S. A. (2014). Pornography and the violent offender: Importance of finding the offender’s pornography stash. Journal of Forensic Research, 5(3), 229. doi:10.4172/2157-7145.1000229
102. Brem, M. J., Garner, A. R., Grigorian, H., Florimbio, A. R., Wolford-Clevenger, C., Shorey, R. C., & Stuart, G. L. (2018). Problematic pornography use and physical and sexual intimate partner violence perpetration among men in Batterer Intervention Programs. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(11–12), 6085–6105. doi:10.1177/0886260518812806
103. Sharpe, M., & Mead, D. (2021). Problematic pornography use: Legal and health policy considerations. Current Addiction Reports, 8, 556–567. doi:10.1007/s40429-021-00390-8
104. Huntington, C., Willoughby, B., & Rhoades, G. (2022). Associations of adolescents’ pornography viewing with their romantic relationship skills and behaviors. The Journal of Sex Research, 61(1), 80–91. doi:10.1080/00224499.2022.2096844
105. Marshall, E. A., & Miller, H. A. (2023). Age and type of first exposure to pornography: It matters for girls and boys. Deviant Behavior, 45(3), 377–393. doi:10.1080/01639625.2023.2248338
106. Harper, C., & Hodgins, D. C. (2016). Examining correlates of problematic internet pornography use among university students. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 5(2), 179–191. doi:10.1556/2006.5.2016.022
107. Jhe, G. B., Addison, J., Lin, J., & Pluhar, E. (2023). Pornography use among adolescents and the role of primary care. Family Medicine and Community Health, 11(1). doi:10.1136/fmch-2022-001776
108. Gutierrez, B. C., & Leaper, C. (2023). Linking ambivalent sexism to violence-against-women attitudes and behaviors: A three-level meta-analytic review. Sexuality & Culture, 28(2), 851–882. doi:10.1007/s12119-023-10127-6
109. Mancini, C., Reckdenwald, A., & Beauregard, E. (2012). Pornographic exposure over the life course and the severity of sexual offenses: Imitation and cathartic effects. Journal of Criminal Justice, 40(1), 21–30. doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2011.11.004
110. Mancini, C., Reckdenwald, A., Beauregard, E., & Levenson, J. S. (2014). Sex industry exposure over the life course on the onset and frequency of sex offending. Journal of Criminal Justice, 42(6), 507–516. doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2014.09.002
111. Pathmendra, P., Raggatt, M., Lim, M. S., Marino, J. L., & Skinner, S. R. (2023). Exposure to pornography and adolescent sexual behavior: Systematic review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 25, e43116. https://doi.org/10.2196/43116
112. Holt, K., Kissinger, J., Spickler, C., & Roush, V. (2021). Pornography use and sexual offending: An examination of perceptions of role and risk. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology. doi:10.1177/0306624x211049183
113. Huntington, C., Pearlman, D. N., & Orchowski, L. (2020). The confluence model of sexual aggression: An application with adolescent males. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37(1–2), 623–643. doi:10.1177/0886260520915550
114. Malamuth, N. M. (2018). “Adding fuel to the fire”? Does exposure to non-consenting adult or to child pornography increase risk of sexual aggression? Aggression and Violent Behavior, 41, 74–89. doi:10.1016/j.avb.2018.02.013
115. Malamuth, N. M., Lamade, R. V., Koss, M. P., Lopez, E., Seaman, C., & Prentky, R. (2021). Factors predictive of sexual violence: Testing the four pillars of the confluence model in a large diverse sample of college men. Aggressive Behavior, 47(4), 405–420. doi:10.1002/ab.21960
116. Saqib, S., & Davidson, M. (2023). The confluence model of sexual aggression: The role of pornography as a secondary risk factor. Sexual Offending: Theory, Research, and Prevention, 18, e13005. doi:10.5964/sotrap.13005
117. Ray, T. N., & Parkhill, M. R. (2023). Components of hostile masculinity and their associations with male-perpetrated sexual aggression toward women: A systematic review. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 24(2), 355–368. doi:10.1177/15248380211030224
118. Burt, M. R. (1980). Cultural myths and supports for rape. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38(2), 217–230. doi:10.1037//0022-3514.38.2.217
119. Hales, S. T. (2023). Hostile masculinity (HM): Confluence model of sexual aggression. Encyclopedia of Sexual Psychology and Behavior, 1–4. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-08956-5_1136-1
120. de Heer, B. A., Prior, S., & Hoegh, G. (2020). Pornography, masculinity, and sexual aggression on college campuses. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(23–24), 13582–13605. doi:10.1177/0886260520906186
GREY MATTERS JOURNAL AT VASSAR COLLEGE | ISSUE 8 73 REFERENCES
REFERENCES
121. Orchowski, L. M., Oesterle, D. W., Berry-Cabán, C. S., Borsari, B., Kahler, C. W., Kazemi, D. M., & Berkowitz, A. D. (2023). An application of the confluence model of sexual aggression among young adult male soldiers. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 38(13-14), 8263-8285. https://doi. org/10.1177/08862605231153895
122. Ferrer-Perez, V. A., Bosch-Fiol, E., Ferreiro-Basurto, V., Delgado-Alvarez, C., & Sánchez-Prada, A. (2020). Comparing implicit and explicit attitudes toward intimate partner violence against women. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. doi:10.3389/ fpsyg.2020.02147
123. Willis, M., Bridges, A.J. & Sun, C. Pornography use, gender, and sexual objectification: a multinational study. Sexuality & Culture 26, 1298–1313 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12119-022-09943-z
124. Dawson, K., Gabhainn, S. N., MacNeela, P. (2020). Toward a model of porn literacy: Core concepts, rationales, and approaches. The Journal of Sex Research, 57(1), 1-15. doi:10.1080/00224499.2 018.1556238
125. Austin, E. W., Pinkleton, B. E., Chen, Y. C., & Austin, B. W. (2015). Processing of sexual media messages improves due to media literacy effects on perceived message desirability. Mass Communication and Society, 18(4), 399-421. doi:10.1080/1 5205436.2014.1001909
126. Sousa, M., Cunha, O., Gonçalves, R.A. et al. To Be or Not to Be Empathic: the Role of Empathy in Child Sexual Offending. Eur J Crim Policy Res (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10610-023-095675
YEARNING FOR YESTERDAY: THE MECHANISMS AND APPLICATIONS OF NOSTALGIA
1. Sedikides, C., Wildschut, T., Routledge, C., Arndt, J., Hepper, E. G., & Zhou, X. (2015). Chapter Five—To Nostalgize: Mixing Memory with Affect and Desire (J. M. Olson & M. P. Zanna, Eds.; Vol. 51, pp. 189–273). Academic Press; doi:10.1016/ bs.aesp.2014.10.001
2. Fetterman, A. K., & Evans, N. D. (2023). Remembering our first date brings back those fuzzy feelings: The role of romantic nostalgia in relationship functioning. Current Opinion in Psychology, 49; doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101524
3. Hepper, E. G., Sedikides, C., Wildschut, T., Cheung, W. Y., Abakoumkin, G., Arikan, G., ... & Zengel, B. (2024). Pancultural nostalgia in action: Prevalence, triggers, and psychological functions of nostalgia across cultures. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General; doi:10.1037/xge0001521
4. Green, J. D., Reid, C. A., Kneuer, M. A., & Hedgebeth, M. V. (2023). The Proust effect: Scents, food, and nostalgia. Current Opinion in Psychology, 50; doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101562
5. Reid, C. A., Green, J. D., Buchmaier, S., McSween, D. K., Wildschut, T., & Sedikides, C. (2022). Foodevoked nostalgia. Cognition and Emotion, 37(1), 1–15; doi:10.1080/02699931.2022.2142525
6. Ralph, M. A. L., Jefferies, E., Patterson, K., & Rogers, T. T. (2017). The neural and computational bases of semantic cognition. Nature reviews neuroscience, 18(1), 42-55; doi:10.1038/nrn.2016.150
7. Renoult, L., Irish, M., Moscovitch, M., & Rugg, M. D. (2019). From knowing to remembering: the semantic–episodic distinction. Trends in cognitive sciences, 23(12), 1041-1057; doi:10.1016/j. tics.2019.09.008
8. Josselyn, S. A., & Tonegawa, S. (2020). Memory engrams: Recalling the past and imagining the future. Science, 367(6473); doi:10.1126/science. aaw4325
9. Ortega-de San Luis, C., & Ryan, T. J. (2022). Understanding the physical basis of memory: molecular mechanisms of the engram. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 298(5); doi:10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101866
10. Poo, M. M., Pignatelli, M., Ryan, T. J., Tonegawa, S., Bonhoeffer, T., Martin, K. C., ... & Stevens, C. (2016). What is memory? The present state of the engram. BMC biology, 14, 1-18; doi:10.1186/s12915016-0261-6
11. Leake, J., Zinn, R., Corbit, L. H., Fanselow, M. S., & Vissel, B. (2021). Engram size varies with learning and reflects memory content and precision. Journal of Neuroscience, 41(18), 4120-4130; doi:10.1523/ JNEUROSCI.2786-20.2021
12. Tanguay, A. F., Palombo, D. J., Love, B., Glikstein, R., Davidson, P. S., & Renoult, L. (2023). The shared and unique neural correlates of personal semantic, general semantic, and episodic memory. ELife, 12; doi:10.7554/eLife.83645
13. Kronrod, A., Gordeliy, I., & Lee, J. K. (2022). Been There, Done That: How Episodic and Semantic Memory Affects the Language of Authentic and Fictitious Reviews. Journal of Consumer Research; doi:10.1093/jcr/ucac056
GREY MATTERS JOURNAL AT VASSAR COLLEGE | ISSUE 8 74
14. Eichenbaum, H. (2017). The role of the hippocampus in navigation is memory. Journal of neurophysiology, 117(4), 1785-1796; doi:10.1152/jn.00005.2017
15. Kumaran, D., Hassabis, D., & McClelland, J. L. (2016). What learning systems do intelligent agents need? Complementary learning systems theory updated. Trends in cognitive sciences, 20(7), 512-534; doi:10.1016/j.tics.2016.05.004
16. Heuer, K., & Toro, R. (2019). Role of mechanical morphogenesis in the development and evolution of the neocortex. Physics of life reviews, 31, 233239; doi:10.1016/j.plrev.2019.01.012
17. Brodt, S., & Gais, S. (2021). Memory engrams in the neocortex. The Neuroscientist, 27(4), 427-444; doi:10.1177/1073858420941528
18. Renwick, J., & Woolhouse, M. H. (2023). Reminiscence bump invariance with respect to genre, age, and country. Psychology of Music, 51(4), 13491365; doi:10.1177/03057356221141735
19. Yang, Z., Wildschut, T., Izuma, K., Gu, R., Luo, Y. L. L., Cai, H., & Sedikides, C. (2022). Patterns of brain activity associated with nostalgia: a social-cognitive neuroscience perspective. Social cognitive and affective neuroscience, 17(12), 1131–1144; doi:10.1093/scan/nsac036
20. Li, B., Zhu, Q., Li, A., & Cui, R. (2023). Can good memories of the past instill happiness? nostalgia improves subjective well-being by increasing gratitude. Journal of Happiness Studies, 24(2), 699-715; doi:10.1007/s10902-022-00616-0
21. Evans, N. D., Reyes, J., Wildschut, T., Sedikides, C., & Fetterman, A. K. (2021). Mental transportation mediates nostalgia’s psychological benefits. Cognition and Emotion, 35(1), 84-95; doi:10.1080/0269 9931.2020.1806788
22. Stephan, E., & Sedikides, C. (2023). Mental time travel as self-affirmation. Personality and Social Psychology Review; doi:10.1177/10888683231203143
23. Oba, K., Noriuchi, M., Atomi, T., Moriguchi, Y., & Kikuchi, Y. (2016). Memory and reward systems coproduce ‘nostalgic’ experiences in the brain. Social cognitive and affective neuroscience, 11(7), 1069-1077; doi:10.1093/scan/nsv073
24. Gomes, F. V. (2022). Altered Ventral Striatum–Hippocampus connectivity during reward processing as an Endophenotype for Psychosis. Biological Psychiatry, 91(2), e7-e9; doi:10.1016/j. biopsych.2021.10.019
25. Mallory, A. B., Spencer, C. M., Kimmes, J. G., & Pollitt, A. M. (2018). Remembering the good times: The influence of relationship nostalgia on relationship satisfaction across time. Journal of marital and family therapy, 44(4), 561-574; doi:10.1111/ jmft.12311
26. Vaccaro, A. G., Kaplan, J. T., & Damasio, A. (2020). Bittersweet: the neuroscience of ambivalent affect. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 15(5), 1187-1199; doi:10.1177/1745691620927708
27. Sedikides, C., Cheung, W.-Y., Wildschut, T., Hepper, E. G., Baldursson, E., & Pedersen, B. (2017). Nostalgia motivates pursuit of important goals by increasing meaning in life. European Journal of Social Psychology, 48(2), 209–216; doi:10.1002/ ejsp.2318
28. Sedikides, C., & Wildschut, T. (2020). The motivational potency of nostalgia: The future is called yesterday. Advances in Motivation Science, 7, 75–111. doi:10.1016/bs.adms.2019.05.001
29. Abeyta, A. A., Routledge, C., Roylance, C., Wildschut, T., & Sedikides, C. (2015). Attachment-related avoidance and the social and agentic content of nostalgic memories. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 32(3), 406-413; doi:10.1177/0265407514533770
30. Abeyta, A. A., & Pillarisetty, S. (2023). Nostalgia supports a meaningful life. Current Opinion in Psychology, 49; doi:0.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101520
31. Huang, Y., Liao, X., & Cai, F. (2023). A Clinical Study on the Effect of Group Nostalgia Therapy on Quality of Life and Cognitive Function in Elderly Patients with Depression. International Journal of Mental Health Production, 25(12); doi:10.32604/ ijmhp.2023.030558
32. King, L. A., Heintzelman, S. J., & Ward, S. J. (2016). Beyond the search for meaning: A contemporary science of the experience of meaning in life. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 25(4), 211-216; doi:10.1177/0963721416656354
33. Batcho, K. I. (2018). The role of nostalgia in resistance: A psychological perspective. Qualitative Research in Psychology; doi:10.1080/14780887.201 8.1499835
34. Batcho, K. I., & Shikh, S. (2016). Anticipatory nostalgia: Missing the present before it’s gone. Personality and Individual Differences, 98, 75–84; doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.03.088
35. Wang, J. F. (2023). Nostalgia in tourism. Current Opinion in Psychology, 49; doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101552
36. Juhl, J., & Biskas, M. (2023). Nostalgia: An impactful social emotion. Current Opinion in Psychology, 49; doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101545
37. Abeyta, A. A., Routledge, C., & Juhl, J. (2015). Looking back to move forward: Nostalgia as a psychological resource for promoting relationship goals and overcoming relationship challenges. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 109(6), 1029; doi:10.1037/pspi0000036
GREY MATTERS JOURNAL AT VASSAR COLLEGE | ISSUE 8 75 REFERENCES
REFERENCES
38. Wildschut, T., Bruder, M., Robertson, S., van Tilburg, W. A., & Sedikides, C. (2014). Collective nostalgia: A group-level emotion that confers unique benefits on the group. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 107(5), 844; doi:10.1037/ a0037760
39. Green, J. D., Cairo, A. H., Wildschut, T., & Sedikides, C. (2021). The ties that bind: University nostalgia fosters relational and collective university engagement. Frontiers in Psychology, 11; doi:10.3389/ fpsyg.2020.580731
40. Dodman, T. (2023). Nostalgia, and what it used to be. Current Opinion in Psychology, 49; doi:10.1016/j. copsyc.2022.101536
IMMUNE WARS: THE PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS RESEARCH
EPISODE VI: RETURN OF THE REFERENCES
1. Ghasemi, N., Razavi, S., & Nikzad, E. (2017). Multiple sclerosis: Pathogenesis, symptoms, diagnoses and cell-based therapy. Cell J (Yakhteh), 19(1). doi:10.22074/cellj.2016.4867
2. Wallin, M. T., Culpepper, W. J., Campbell, J. D., Nelson, L. M., Langer-Gould, A., Marrie, R. A., Cutter, G. R., Kaye, W. E., Wagner, L., Tremlett, H., Buka, S. L., Dilokthornsakul, P., Topol, B., Chen, L. H., & LaRocca, N. G. (2019). The prevalence of MS in the United States: A population-based estimate using health claims data. Neurology, 92(10). doi:10.1212/ WNL.0000000000007035
3. Kamm, C. P., Uitdehaag, B. M., & Polman, C. H. (2014). Multiple sclerosis: Current knowledge and future outlook. European Neurology, 72(3–4), 132–141. doi:10.1159/000360528
4. McGinley, M. P., Goldschmidt, C. H., & Rae-Grant, A. D. (2021). Diagnosis and treatment of multiple sclerosis: A review. JAMA, 325(8), 765. doi:10.1001/ jama.2020.26858
5. Waubant, E., Lucas, R., Mowry, E., Graves, J., Olsson, T., Alfredsson, L., & Langer-Gould, A. (2019). Environmental and genetic risk factors for MS: An integrated review. Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology, 6(9), 1905–1922. doi:10.1002/ acn3.50862
6. Bjornevik, K., Cortese, M., Healy, B. C., Kuhle, J., Mina, M. J., Leng, Y., Elledge, S. J., Niebuhr, D. W., Scher, A. I., Munger, K. L., & Ascherio, A. (2022). Longitudinal analysis reveals high prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus associated with multiple sclerosis. Science, 375(6578), 296–301. doi:10.1126/ science.abj8222
7. Robinson, W. H., & Steinman, L. (2022a). Epstein-Barr virus and multiple sclerosis. Science, 375(6578), 264–265. doi:10.1126/science.abm7930
8. Pachner, A. R. (2022). The neuroimmunology of multiple sclerosis: Fictions and facts. Frontiers in Neurology, 12. doi:10.3389/fneur.2021.796378
9. Hollen, C. W., Paz Soldán, M. M., Rinker, J. R., 2nd, & Spain, R. I. (2020). The Future of Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Therapies. Federal Practitioner, 37(Suppl 1), S43–S49. PMID:32341636
10. Leray, E., Moreau, T., Fromont, A., & Edan, G. (2016). Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis. Revue Neurologique, 172(1), 3–13. doi:10.1016/j.neurol.2015.10.006
11. Ruprecht, K. (2020). The role of Epstein-Barr virus in the etiology of multiple sclerosis: A current review. Expert Review of Clinical Immunology, 16(12), 1143–1157. doi: 10.1080/1744666x.2021.1847642
12. Dobson, R., & Giovannoni, G. (2019). Multiple sclerosis – a review. European Journal of Neurology, 26(1), 27–40. doi:10.1111/ene.13819
13. Hejrati, A., Rafiei, A., Soltanshahi, M., Hosseinzadeh, S., Dabiri, M., Taghadosi, M., Taghiloo, S., Bashash, D., Khorshidi, F., & Zafari, P. (2020). Innate immune response in systemic autoimmune diseases: A potential target of therapy. Inflammopharmacology, 28(6), 1421–1438. doi:10.1007/ s10787-020-00762-y
14. Rodríguez Murúa, S., Farez, M. F., & Quintana, F. J. (2022). The immune response in multiple sclerosis. Annual Review of Pathology: Mechanisms of Disease, 17(1), 121–139. doi:10.1146/annurev-pathol-052920-040318
15. Riedhammer, C., & Weissert, R. (2015). Antigen presentation, autoantigens, and immune regulation in multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune diseases. Frontiers in Immunology, 6. doi:10.3389/ fimmu.2015.00322
16. López-Muguruza, E., & Matute, C. (2023). Alterations of oligodendrocyte and myelin energy metabolism in multiple sclerosis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(16), 12912. doi:10.3390/ijms241612912
17. Al-Badri, G., & Castorina, A. (2018). Insights into the role of neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 3(1), 13. doi:10.3390/ jfmk3010013
18. Poitelon, Y., Kopec, A., & Belin, S. (2020). Myelin Fat Facts: An Overview of Lipids and Fatty Acid Metabolism. Cells, 9(4). doi:10.3390/cells9040812.
GREY MATTERS JOURNAL AT VASSAR COLLEGE | ISSUE 8 76
19. Haase, S., & Linker, R. A. (2021). Inflammation in multiple sclerosis. Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders, 14. doi:10.1177/17562864211007687
20. Stys, P. K. (2010). Multiple sclerosis: Autoimmune disease or autoimmune reaction? Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien Des Sciences Neurologiques, 37(S2). doi: 10.1017/ s0317167100022393
21. Falcão, A. M., van Bruggen, D., Marques, S., Meijer, M., Jäkel, S., Agirre, E., Samudyata, Floriddia, E. M., Vanichkina, D. P., ffrench-Constant, C., Williams, A., Guerreiro-Cacais, A. O., & Castelo-Branco, G. (2018). Disease-specific oligodendrocyte lineage cells arise in multiple sclerosis. Nature Medicine, 24(12), 1837–1844. doi: 10.1038/s41591-018-0236-y
22. DiSabato, D. J., Quan, N., & Godbout, J. P. (2016). Neuroinflammation: The devil is in the details. Journal of Neurochemistry, 139(S2), 136–153. doi:10.1111/jnc.13607
23. Ludwin, S. K., Rao, V. T., Moore, C. S., & Antel, J. P. (2016). Astrocytes in multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis Journal, 22(9), 1114–1124. doi:10.1177/1352458516643396
24. Papiri, G., D’Andreamatteo, G., Cacchiò, G., Alia, S., Silvestrini, M., Paci, C., Luzzi, S., & Vignini, A. (2023). Multiple sclerosis: Inflammatory and neuroglial aspects. Current Issues in Molecular Biology, 45(2), 1443–1470. doi:10.3390/cimb45020094
25. Pegoretti, V., Swanson, K. A., Bethea, J. R., Probert, L., Eisel, U. L. M., & Fischer, R. (2020). Inflammation and oxidative stress in multiple sclerosis: Consequences for therapy development. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2020, 1–19. doi:10.1155/2020/7191080
26. Lassmann, H. (2018). Multiple sclerosis pathology. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine, 8(3), a028936. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a028936
27. Desai, R. A., Davies, A. L., Tachrount, M., Kasti, M., Laulund, F., Golay, X., & Smith, K. J. (2016). Cause and prevention of demyelination in a model multiple sclerosis lesion. Annals of Neurology, 79(4), 591–604. doi:10.1002/ana.24607
28. Kale, N. (2016). Optic neuritis as an early sign of multiple sclerosis. Eye and Brain, 8, 195–202. doi:10.2147/EB.S54131
29. Kamma, E., Lasisi, W., Libner, C., Ng, H. S., & Plemel, J. R. (2022). Central nervous system macrophages in progressive multiple sclerosis: Relationship to neurodegeneration and therapeutics. Journal of Neuroinflammation, 19(1), 45. doi:10.1186/s12974022-02408-y
30. Gelfand, J. M. (2014). Multiple sclerosis: Diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and clinical presentation. In Handbook of Clinical Neurology, 122 269–290. Elsevier. doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-52001-2.00011-X
31. Kumari, A., Dybus, A., Purcell, M., & Vuckovic, A. (2024). Motor Priming to Enhance the Effect of Physical Therapy in People with Spinal Cord Injury. The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, doi:10.1080/1 0790268.2024.2317011.
32. Barukčić, K., & Barukčić, I. (2016). Epstein barr virus—The cause of multiple sclerosis. Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics, 4(6), 1042–1053. doi:10.4236/jamp.2016.46109
33. Morandi, E., Jagessar, S. A., ‘t Hart, B. A., & Gran, B. (2017). EBV infection empowers human B cells for autoimmunity: Role of autophagy and relevance to multiple sclerosis. The Journal of Immunology, 199(2), 435–448. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1700178
34. Soldan, S. S., & Lieberman, P. M. (2023). Epstein–Barr virus and multiple sclerosis. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 21(1), 51–64. doi:10.1038/s41579022-00770-5
35. Guan, Y., Jakimovski, D., Ramanathan, M., Weinstock-Guttman, B., & Zivadinov, R. (2019). The role of Epstein-Barr virus in multiple sclerosis: From molecular pathophysiology to in vivo imaging. Neural Regeneration Research, 14(3), 373. doi:10.4103/1673-5374.245462
36. Wang, J., Jelcic, I., Mühlenbruch, L., Haunerdinger, V., Toussaint, N. C., Zhao, Y., Cruciani, C., Faigle, W., Naghavian, R., Foege, M., Binder, T. M. C., Eiermann, T., Opitz, L., Fuentes-Font, L., Reynolds, R., Kwok, W. W., Nguyen, J. T., Lee, J.-H., Lutterotti, A., Münz, C., Rammensee, H., Hauri-Hohl, M., Sospedra, M., Stevanovic, S., & Martin, R. (2020). HLADR15 molecules jointly shape an autoreactive T cell repertoire in multiple sclerosis. Cell, 183(5), 1264-1281.e20. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.09.054
37. Martinsen, V., & Kursula, P. (2022). Multiple sclerosis and myelin basic protein: Insights into protein disorder and disease. Amino Acids, 54(1), 99–109. doi:10.1007/s00726-021-03111-7
38. Yim, A., Smith, C., & Brown, A. M. (2022). Osteopontin/secreted phosphoprotein-1 harnesses glial-, immune-, and neuronal cell ligand-receptor interactions to sense and regulate acute and chronic neuroinflammation. Immunological Reviews, 311(1), 224–233. doi: 10.1111/imr.13081
39. Zhang, N., Zuo, Y., Jiang, L., Peng, Y., Huang, X., & Zuo, L. (2022). Epstein-Barr virus and neurological diseases. Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences, 8. doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.816098
GREY MATTERS JOURNAL AT VASSAR COLLEGE | ISSUE 8 77 REFERENCES
REFERENCES
40. Houen, G., Trier, N. H., & Frederiksen, J. L. (2020). Epstein-barr virus and multiple sclerosis. Frontiers in Immunology, 11. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.587078
41. Smatti, M. K., Al-Sadeq, D. W., Ali, N. H., Pintus, G., Abou-Saleh, H., & Nasrallah, G. K. (2018). Epstein–barr virus epidemiology, serology, and genetic variability of LMP-1 oncogene among healthy population: An update. Frontiers in Oncology, 8, 211. doi:10.3389/fonc.2018.00211
42. Amin, M., & Hersh, C. M. (2023). Updates and advances in multiple sclerosis neurotherapeutics. Neurodegenerative Disease Management, 13(1), 47–70. doi:10.2217/nmt-2021-0058
43. Sausen, D., Bhutta, M., Gallo, E., Dahari, H., & Borenstein, R. (2021). Stress-induced epstein-barr virus reactivation. Biomolecules, 11(9), 1380. doi:10.3390/biom11091380
44. Bar-Or, A., Pender, M. P., Khanna, R., Steinman, L., Hartung, H.-P., Maniar, T., Croze, E., Aftab, B. T., Giovannoni, G., & Joshi, M. A. (2020). Epstein–barr virus in multiple sclerosis: Theory and emerging immunotherapies. Trends in Molecular Medicine, 26(3), 296–310. doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2019.11.003
45. Lanz, T. V., Brewer, R. C., Ho, P. P., Moon, J.-S., Jude, K. M., Fernandez, D., Fernandes, R. A., Gomez, A. M., Nadj, G.-S., Bartley, C. M., Schubert, R. D., Hawes, I. A., Vazquez, S. E., Iyer, M., Zuchero, J. B., Teegen, B., Dunn, J. E., Lock, C. B., Kipp, L. B., Cotham, V. C., Ueberheide, B. M., Aftab, B. T., Anderson, M. S., DeRisi, J. L., Wilson, M. R., Bashford-Rogers, R. J. M., Platten, M., Garcia, K. C., Steinman, L., & Robinson, W. H. (2022). Clonally expanded B cells in multiple sclerosis bind EBV EBNA1 and GlialCAM. Nature, 603(7900), 321–327. doi:10.1038/s41586-022-04432-7
46. Oskari Virtanen, J., & Jacobson, S. (2012). Viruses and multiple sclerosis. CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets, 11(5), 528–544. doi: 10.2174/187152712801661220
47. Marrie, R. A., Reider, N., Cohen, J., Stuve, O., Sorensen, P. S., Cutter, G., Reingold, S. C., & Trojano, M. (2014). A systematic review of the incidence and prevalence of autoimmune disease in multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis Journal, 21(3), 282–293. doi: 10.1177/1352458514564490
48. Magyari, M., Koch-Henriksen, N., Pfleger, C. C., & Sørensen, P. S. (2014). Gender and autoimmune comorbidity in multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis Journal, 20(9), 1244–1251. doi:10.1177/1352458514521515
49. Magyari, M., & Sorensen, P. S. (2020). Comorbidity in multiple sclerosis. Frontiers in Neurology, 11, 851. doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.00851
50. Nociti, V., & Romozzi, M. (2022). Multiple sclerosis and autoimmune comorbidities. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 12(11), 1828. doi:10.3390/ jpm12111828
51. Janegova, A., Janega, P., Rychly, B., Kuracinova, K., & Babal, P. (2015). Rola infekcji wirusem Epstein-Barr’a w rozwoju autoimmunologicznych chorób tarczycy. Endokrynologia Polska, 66(2), 132–136. doi:10.5603/EP.2015.0020
52. Assaad, S. N., Meheissen, M. A., Elsayed, E. T., Alnakhal, S. N., & Salem, T. M. (2020). Study of Epstein–Barr virus serological profile in Egyptian patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis: A case-control study. Journal of Clinical & Translational Endocrinology, 20, 100222. doi:10.1016/j.jcte.2020.100222
53. Eva, L., Pleș, H., Covache-Busuioc, R.-A., Glavan, L. A., Bratu, B.-G., Bordeianu, A., Dumitrascu, D.-I., Corlatescu, A. D., & Ciurea, A. V. (2023). A comprehensive review on neuroimmunology: Insights from multiple sclerosis to future therapeutic developments. Biomedicines, 11(9), 2489. doi:10.3390/biomedicines11092489
54. Ellwardt, E., & Zipp, F. (2014). Molecular mechanisms linking neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in MS. Experimental Neurology, 262, 8–17. doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.02.006
55. Callegari, I., Derfuss, T., & Galli, E. (2021). Update on treatment in multiple sclerosis. La Presse Médicale, 50(2), 104068. doi:10.1016/j.lpm.2021.104068
56. Dargahi, N., Katsara, M., Tselios, T., Androutsou, M.-E., De Courten, M., Matsoukas, J., & Apostolopoulos, V. (2017). Multiple sclerosis: Immunopathology and treatment update. Brain Sciences, 7(12), 78. doi:10.3390/brainsci7070078
57. Carlström, K. E., Ewing, E., Granqvist, M., Gyllenberg, A., Aeinehband, S., Enoksson, S. L., Checa, A., Badam, T. V. S., Huang, J., Gomez-Cabrero, D., Gustafsson, M., Al Nimer, F., Wheelock, C. E., Kockum, I., Olsson, T., Jagodic, M., & Piehl, F. (2019). Therapeutic efficacy of dimethyl fumarate in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis associates with ROS pathway in monocytes. Nature Communications, 10(1), 3081. doi:10.1038/s41467-01911139-3
58. Correale, J., Gaitán, M. I., Ysrraelit, M. C., & Fiol, M. P. (2016). Progressive multiple sclerosis: From pathogenic mechanisms to treatment. Brain, 140(3), 527-546. doi:10.1093/brain/aww258
59. Chiricosta, L., Blando, S., D’Angiolini, S., Gugliandolo, A., & Mazzon, E. (2023). A comprehensive exploration of the transcriptomic landscape in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(2), 1448. doi:10.3390/ijms24021448
GREY MATTERS JOURNAL AT VASSAR COLLEGE | ISSUE 8 78
60. Sandi, D., Kokas, Z., Biernacki, T., Bencsik, K., Klivényi, P., & Vécsei, L. (2022). Proteomics in multiple sclerosis: The perspective of the clinician. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(9), 5162. doi:10.3390/ijms23095162
61. Gadani, S. P., Singh, S., Kim, S., Smith, M. D., Calabresi, P. A., & Bhargava, P. (2023). Spatial transcriptomics of meningeal inflammation reveals variable penetrance of inflammatory gene signatures into adjacent brain parenchyma. eLife, 12. doi:10.7554/eLife.88414.1
62. Lin, J., Zhou, J., & Xu, Y. (2023). Potential drug targets for multiple sclerosis identified through Mendelian randomization analysis. Brain, 146(8), 3364–3372. doi:10.1093/brain/awad070
63. Fyfe, I. (2022). Insights into the molecular pathways of progressive multiple sclerosis. Nature Reviews Neurology, 18(8), 453–453. doi:10.1038/ s41582-022-00695-w
64. Åkesson, J., Hojjati, S., Hellberg, S., Raffetseder, J., Khademi, M., Rynkowski, R., Kockum, I., Altafini, C., Lubovac-Pilav, Z., Mellergård, J., Jenmalm, M. C., Piehl, F., Olsson, T., Ernerudh, J., & Gustafsson, M. (2023). Proteomics reveal biomarkers for diagnosis, disease activity and long-term disability outcomes in multiple sclerosis. Nature Communications, 14(1). doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-42682-9
65. Kihara, Y., Zhu, Y., Jonnalagadda, D., Romanow, W., Palmer, C., Siddoway, B., Rivera, R., Dutta, R., Trapp, B. D., & Chun, J. (2022). Single-nucleus RNA-seq of normal-appearing brain regions in relapsing-remitting vs. secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: Implications for the efficacy of fingolimod. Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, 16, 918041. doi:10.3389/fncel.2022.918041
66. Cocco, E., Sardu, C., Spinicci, G., Musu, L., Massa, R., Frau, J., Lorefice, L., Fenu, G., Coghe, G., Massole, S., Maioli, M. A., Piras, R., Melis, M., Porcu, G., Mamusa, E., Carboni, N., Contu, P., & Marrosu, M. G. (2015). Influence of treatments in multiple sclerosis disability: A cohort study. Multiple Sclerosis Journal, 21(4), 433–441. doi:10.1177/1352458514546788
67. Claflin, S. B., Broadley, S., & Taylor, B. V. (2019). The effect of disease modifying therapies on disability progression in multiple sclerosis: A systematic overview of meta-analyses. Frontiers in Neurology, 9, 1150. doi:10.3389/fneur.2018.01150
68. Thompson, A. J., Baranzini, S. E., Geurts, J., Hemmer, B., & Ciccarelli, O. (2018). Multiple sclerosis. The Lancet, 391(10130), 1622–1636. doi:10.1016/ S0140-6736(18)30481-1
69. Tuulasvaara, A., Kurdo, G., Martola, J., & Laakso, S. M. (2024). Cervical lymph node diameter reflects disease progression in multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders, 84, 105496. doi:10.1016/j.msard.2024.105496
70. Chun, J., Kihara, Y., Jonnalagadda, D., & Blaho, V. A. (2019). Fingolimod: Lessons learned and new opportunities for treating multiple sclerosis and other disorders. Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 59(1), 149–170. doi:10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010818-021358
71. Pournajaf, S., Dargahi, L., Javan, M., & Pourgholami, M. H. (2022). Molecular pharmacology and novel potential therapeutic applications of fingolimod. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 13, 807639. doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.807639
72. Kappos, L., O’Connor, P., Radue, E.-W., Polman, C., Hohlfeld, R., Selmaj, K., Ritter, S., Schlosshauer, R., Von Rosenstiel, P., Zhang-Auberson, L., & Francis, G. (2015). Long-term effects of fingolimod in multiple sclerosis: The randomized FREEDOMS extension trial. Neurology, 84(15), 1582–1591. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000001462
73. Tepavčević, V., & Lubetzki, C. (2022). Oligodendrocyte progenitor cell recruitment and remyelination in multiple sclerosis: The more, the merrier? Brain, 145(12), 4178–4192. doi:10.1093/brain/ awac307
74. Bebo, B. F., Allegretta, M., Landsman, D., Zackowski, K. M., Brabazon, F., Kostich, W. A., Coetzee, T., Ng, A. V., Marrie, R. A., Monk, K. R., BarOr, A., & Whitacre, C. C. (2022). Pathways to cures for multiple sclerosis: A research roadmap. Multiple Sclerosis Journal, 28(3), 331–345. doi:10.1177/13524585221075990
75. Skaper, S. D. (2019). Oligodendrocyte precursor cells as a therapeutic target for demyelinating diseases. In Progress in Brain Research, 245, 119144. Elsevier. doi:10.1016/bs.pbr.2019.03.013
76. Harlow, D. E., Honce, J. M., & Miravalle, A. A. (2015). Remyelination therapy in multiple sclerosis. Frontiers in Neurology, 6. doi:10.3389/fneur.2015.00257
77. Mahad, D. H., Trapp, B. D., & Lassmann, H. (2015). Pathological mechanisms in progressive multiple sclerosis. The Lancet Neurology, 14(2), 183–193. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(14)70256-X
78. Mei, F., Lehmann-Horn, K., Shen, Y.-A. A., Rankin, K. A., Stebbins, K. J., Lorrain, D. S., Pekarek, K., A Sagan, S., Xiao, L., Teuscher, C., Von Büdingen, H.C., Wess, J., Lawrence, J. J., Green, A. J., Fancy, S. P., Zamvil, S. S., & Chan, J. R. (2016). Accelerated remyelination during inflammatory demyelination prevents axonal loss and improves functional recovery. eLife, 5. doi:10.7554/eLife.18246
GREY MATTERS JOURNAL AT VASSAR COLLEGE | ISSUE 8 79 REFERENCES
REFERENCES
79. Najm, F. J., Madhavan, M., Zaremba, A., Shick, E., Karl, R. T., Factor, D. C., Miller, T. E., Nevin, Z. S., Kantor, C., Sargent, A., Quick, K. L., Schlatzer, D. M., Tang, H., Papoian, R., Brimacombe, K. R., Shen, M., Boxer, M. B., Jadhav, A., Robinson, A. P., Podojil, J. R., Miller, S. D., Miller, R. H., & Tesar, P. J. (2015). Drug-based modulation of endogenous stem cells promotes functional remyelination in vivo. Nature, 522(7555), 216–220. doi:10.1038/nature14335
80. Su, X., Tang, W., Luan, Z., Yang, Y., Wang, Z., Zhang, Y., Wang, Q., Suo, L., Huang, Z., Wang, X., & Yuan, H. (2018). Protective effect of miconazole on rat myelin sheaths following premature infant cerebral white matter injury. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine. doi:10.3892/etm.2018.5717
81. Yao, X., Su, T., & Verkman, A. S. (2016). Clobetasol promotes remyelination in a mouse model of neuromyelitis optica. Acta Neuropathologica Communications, 4(1), 42. doi:10.1186/s40478-016-0309-4
82. Chataway, J., Williams, T., Li, V., Marrie, R. A., Ontaneda, D., & Fox, R. J. (2024). Clinical trials for progressive multiple sclerosis: Progress, new lessons learned, and remaining challenges. The Lancet Neurology, 23(3), 277–301. doi:10.1016/S14744422(24)00027-9
FEATURED TO FEAR OR NOT TO FEAR: EXPLORING FEAR THROUGH THE LENS OF URBACH-WIETHE DISEASE
1. Chu, B., Marwaha, K., Sanvictores, T., & Ayers, D. (2022). Physiology, stress reaction. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. PMID:31082164
2. Scott-Solomon, E., Boehm, E. & Kuruvilla, R. The sympathetic nervous system in development and disease. (2021). Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 22, 685–702. doi:10.1038/s41583-021-00523-y
3. Dror, O. E. (2016). Deconstructing the “two factors”: The historical origins of the Schachter–Singer theory of emotions. Emotion Review, 9(1), 7–16. doi:10.1177/1754073916639663
4. Koen, N., Fourie, J., Terburg, D., Stoop, R., Morgan, B., Stein, D. J., & van Honk, J. (2016). Translational neuroscience of basolateral amygdala lesions: Studies of Urbach-Wiethe disease. Journal of Neuroscience Research, 94(6), 504–512. doi:10.1002/jnr.23731
5. Markowitsch, H. J., Staniloiu, A., & Wahl-Kordon, A. (2023). Urbach-Wiethe disease in a young patient without apparent amygdala calcification. Neuropsychologia, 183, 108505. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108505
6. Barrett, 11. L. F. (2018). Seeing fear: It’s all in the eyes? Trends in Neurosciences, 41(9), 559–563. doi:10.1016/j.tins.2018.06.009
7. Šimić, G., Tkalčić, M., Vukić, V., Mulc, D., Španić, E., Šagud, M., Olucha-Bordonau, F. E., Vukšić, M., & R. Hof, P. (2021). Understanding emotions: Origins and roles of the amygdala. Biomolecules, 11(6), 823. doi:10.3390/biom11060823
8. Feinstein, J. S., Adolphs, R., Damasio, A., & Tranel, D. (2011). The human amygdala and the induction and experience of fear. Current Biology, 21(1), 34–38. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2010.11.042
9. Adolphs, R., Tranel, D., Damasio, H., Damasio, A. R. (1995) Fear and the human amygdala. Journal of Neuroscience, 15(9), 5879-5891. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.15-09-05879.1995
10. Lee, H., & Kaang, B.-K. (2023). How engram mediates learning, extinction, and relapse. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 81, 102723. doi:10.1016/j. conb.2023.102723
11. Rolls, E. T. (2019). The cingulate cortex and limbic systems for action, emotion, and memory. Handbook of Clinical Neurology, 166, 23–37. doi:10.1016/ b978-0-444-64196-0.00002-9
12. Smith, D. M., & Torregrossa, M. M. (2021). Valence encoding in the amygdala influences motivated behavior. Behavioural Brain Research, 411, 113370. doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113370
13. Herman, J. P., Nawreen, N., Smail, M. A., & Cotella, E. M. (2020). Brain mechanisms of HPA axis regulation: Neurocircuitry and feedback in context Richard Kvetnansky lecture. Stress, 23(6), 617–632. doi:10.1080/10253890.2020.1859475
14. Barry, T. J., Murray, L., Fearon, P., Moutsiana, C., Johnstone, T., & Halligan, S. L. (2017). Amygdala volume and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis reactivity to social stress. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 85, 96–99. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.07.487
15. Keifer, O. P., Hurt, R. C., Ressler, K. J., & Marvar, P. J. (2015). The physiology of fear: Reconceptualizing the role of the central amygdala in fear learning. Physiology, 30(5), 389–401. doi:10.1152/physiol.00058.2014
16. Kim, W. B., & Cho, J.-H. (2020). Encoding of contextual fear memory in hippocampal–amygdala circuit. Nature Communications, 11(1). doi:10.1038/ s41467-020-15121-2
17. Kamali, A., Milosavljevic, S., Gandhi, A., Lano, K. R., Shobeiri, P., Sherbaf, F. G., Sair, H. I., Riascos, R. F., & Hasan, K. M. (2023). The cortico-limbo-thalamo-cortical circuits: An update to the original Papez Circuit of the human limbic system. Brain Topography, 36(3), 371–389. doi:10.1007/s10548023-00955-y
GREY MATTERS JOURNAL AT VASSAR COLLEGE | ISSUE 8 80
18. Mobbs, D., Adolphs, R., Fanselow, M. S., Barrett, L. F., LeDoux, J. E., Ressler, K., & Tye, K. M. (2019). Viewpoints: Approaches to defining and investigating fear. Nature Neuroscience, 22(8), 1205–1216. doi:10.1038/s41593-019-0456-6
19. Raber, J., Arzy, S., Bertolus, J. B., Depue, B., Haas, H. E., Hofmann, S. G., Kangas, M., Kensinger, E., Lowry, C. A., Marusak, H. A., Minnier, J., Mouly, A.M., Mühlberger, A., Norrholm, S. D., Peltonen, K., Pinna, G., Rabinak, C., Shiban, Y., Soreq, H., van de Kooij, M. A., Lowe, L., Weingast, L. T., Yamashita, P., & Boutros, S. W. (2019). Current understanding of fear learning and memory in humans and animal models and the value of a linguistic approach for analyzing fear learning and memory in humans. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 105, 136–177. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.03.015
20. Reddy, R. P., Korde, S. P., Kanungo, S., Thamodharan, A., Rajeswaran, J., Bharath, R. D., Upadhya, N., Panda, R., & Rao, S. L. (2014). Neural correlates of emotion: Acquisition versus innate view point. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 36(4), 385–391. doi:10.4103/0253-7176.140720
21. Reisenzein, R. (2016). The legacy of cognition-arousal theory: Introduction to a special section of Emotion Review. Emotion Review, 9(1), 3–6. doi:10.1177/1754073916662551
22. Adolphs, R. (2014). The Biology of Fear. Current Biology, 23(2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2012.11.055
23. Schachter, S., & Singer, J. (1962). Cognitive, social, and physiological determinants of emotional state. Psychological Review, 69(5), 379–399. doi:10.1037/h0046234
24. Beckers, T., Hermans, D., Lange, I., Luyten, L., Scheveneels, S., & Vervliet, B. (2023). Understanding clinical fear and anxiety through the lens of human fear conditioning. Nature Reviews Psychology, 2(4), 233–245. doi:10.1038/s44159-023-00156-1
25. Cardinale, E. M., Reber, J., O’Connell, K., Turkeltaub, P. E., Tranel, D., Buchanan, T. W., & Marsh, A. A. (2021). Bilateral amygdala damage linked to impaired ability to predict others’ fear but preserved moral judgements about causing others fear. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 288(1943), 20202651. doi:10.1098/ rspb.2020.2651
26. Chatterjee, A., Viswanathan, L., Nagappa, M., & Sinha, S. (2021). Lipoid proteinosis (Urbach-Wiethe disease): A rare genodermatosis with characteristic dermatological and neuroimaging findings. Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology, 24(5), 761. doi:10.4103/aian.aian_1049_20
27. Parida, J. R., Misra, D. P., & Agarwal, V. (2015). Urbach-Wiethe syndrome. BMJ Case Reports. doi:10.1136/bcr-2015-212443
28. Ceciliani, F., & Lecchi, C. (2019). The immune functions of 1-acid glycoprotein. Current Protein & Peptide Science, 20(6), 505–524. doi:10.2174/1389 203720666190405101138
29. Banerjee, N., Mukhopadhyay, S. (2016). Viral glycoproteins: Biological role and application in diagnosis. VirusDisease, 27, 1–11. doi:10.1007/s13337015-0293-5
30. Li, M., Fischer, J., Safwat, S., Shoman, W., Chazli, Y. E., Alter, S., Has, C., & Abdalla, E. (2022). Lipoid proteinosis: Novel ECM1 pathogenic variants and intrafamilial variability in four unrelated Arab families. Pediatric Dermatology, 40(1), 113–119. doi:10.1111/pde.15105
31. Schjoldager, K. T., Narimatsu, Y., Joshi, H. J., & Clausen, H. (2020). Global view of human protein glycosylation pathways and functions. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, 21(12), 729–749. doi:/10.1038/s41580-020-00294-x
32. Swain, S. K., Sahu, M. C., & Kavita, M. (2017). A comprehensive review on lipoid proteinosis with emphasis on ECM1 gene mutation. Apollo Medicine, 14(2), 105–112. doi:10.1016/j.apme.2017.05.002
33. Yu, L., Lin, Y.-L., Yan, M., Li, T., Wu, E. Y., Zimmel, K., Qureshi, O., Falck, A., Sherman, K. M., Huggins, S. S., Hurtado, D. O., Suva, L. J., Gaddy, D., Cai, J., Brunauer, R., Dawson, L. A., & Muneoka, K. (2022). Hyaline cartilage differentiation of fibroblasts in regeneration and regenerative medicine. Development, 149(2). doi:10.1242/dev.200249
34. Augustine, D., Rao, R. S., & Patil, S. (2021). Hyalinization as a histomorphological risk predictor in oral pathological lesions. Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research, 11(3), 415–422. doi:10.1016/j.jobcr.2021.05.002
35. Feinstein, J. S., Buzza, C., Hurlemann, R., Follmer, R. L., Dahdaleh, N. S., Coryell, W. H., Welsh, M. J., Tranel, D., & Wemmie, J. A. (2013). Fear and panic in humans with bilateral amygdala damage. Nature Neuroscience, 16(3), 270–272. doi:10.1038/ nn.3323
36. Savulich, G., Hezemans, F. H., van Ghesel Grothe, S., Dafflon, J., Schulten, N., Brühl, A. B., Sahakian, B. J., & Robbins, T. W. (2019). Acute anxiety and autonomic arousal induced by CO2 inhalation impairs prefrontal executive functions in healthy humans. Translational Psychiatry, 9(1). doi:10.1038/ s41398-019-0634-z
GREY MATTERS JOURNAL AT VASSAR COLLEGE | ISSUE 8 81 REFERENCES
REFERENCES
37. Khalsa, S. S., Feinstein, J. S., Li, W., Feusner, J. D., Adolphs, R., & Hurlemann, R. (2016). Panic anxiety in humans with bilateral amygdala lesions: Pharmacological induction via cardiorespiratory interoceptive pathways. The Journal of Neuroscience, 36(12), 3559–3566. doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4109-15.2016
GREY MATTERS JOURNAL AT VASSAR COLLEGE | ISSUE 8 82
GREY MATTERS JOURNAL AT VASSAR COLLEGE | ISSUE 8 83 REFERENCES
GREY MATTERS JOURNAL AT VASSAR COLLEGE | ISSUE 8 84 REFERENCES