Index
U ultra-poverty, 225–26 unanimous relation and dominance, 69–70, 100 union approach to identification, 232–33 unit consistency property, 149n7 upper end quantile ratio, 89 upper partial means, income standards, 7, 60–61 urban/rural decomposition, 157 U.S. poverty line, 27 utility, diminishing marginal, 9
V variable income, 4 variable line poverty ordering, 38 variable measure poverty ordering, 41–42, 140 variables, ADePT dataset’s data and details of, 259–61 deleting, 263 expressions, 263 generating, 261–62 replacing, 262 variance, analysis of (ANOVA), 21 variance, replication, 5 variation, coefficient of, 21 vector of incomes, 4–5, 50
W Watts index definition of, 33 elasticity to per capita consumption expenditures, 275–76, 275t poverty measures, 118–19, 203––204, 203t
304
poverty orderings of, 40–41 pros and cons of, 127–28 sensitivity to poverty line, 277–78, 277t weak monotonicity income standards, 6, 54, 55–56 poverty measures, 31, 109 weak relativity axiom, 228 weak transfer properties. See also transfer principle properties; transfer sensitivity properties defined, 150n14 income standards, 54 inequality measures, 14, 83 poverty measures, 31, 110–11 wealth indicator, money-metric, 47 weighted sample, equal, 4–5 weighting, method of, 121–22 welfare aggregate indicator, 232 Atkinson’s general class of functions, 39 cardinal indicator, 228 censored function, 134 function and inequality, 18 functions as income standards, 35 general means as measures of, 8–9, 66 indicator, 45–46 inequality measures and, 100 Rawls’s function, 151n17 single indicator, 238–39 within-group inequality measures, 21 World Bank HOI (Human Opportunity Index), 239–40 main poverty standard, 27 World Development Report 2000/2001: Attacking Poverty, 231