Index
income standards and, 87 interpreting, 81 invariance properties, 81 Lorenz curve, 101–3, 102f normalization properties, 81 normalization property, 83 overall, 19 partial means ratio, 89–91 population invariance property, 82–83 poverty measures and, 113 properties of, 13–14, 20–21 quantile ratio, 87–89 scale invariance property, 83 smoothed distributions, 20 subgroup consistency property, 85–86 subgroup levels, 21–22 symmetry properties, 81–82 transfer principle property, 83–85 twin-standard view of, 25 weak transfer property, 83 welfare function and, 18, 100 within-group, 21 inequality of opportunity, 20, 238–40 installation of ADePT, 246–47 intermediate poverty lines, 29 intersection approach, 232 invariance properties income standards, 54 inequality measures, 81, 82–83 poverty measures, 30–31, 107, 108
J Jalan and Ravallion components approach, 229–30 joint distributions, 237–38
K Kuznets, Simon curves, 19 hypothesis, 19 ratio, 13, 16, 90–91
L landownership, headcount ratio by, 194–95, 194t launching ADePT, 247–48 lessons for policy makers. See policy maker lessons
linear homogeneity, income standards, 6, 54, 57 Living Standard Measurement Study (LSMS), 48–49 logarithmic deviation measure, mean, 17, 22, 97 Lorenz curves, 23–25, 101–3, 102f, 213–15, 214f. See also generalized Lorenz curves Lorenz dominance, 23–25, 102 lower end quantile ratio, 89 lower partial means, income standards, 7, 60–61, 72–73, 78–79, 78f LSMS (Living Standard Measurement Study), 48–49
M map variables, ADePT, 252–54 marginal utility, diminishing, 9 mathematical formulas AE scales, 48–49 fundamental assumptions, 49 mean logarithmic deviation measure, 17, 22, 97 means. See also income standards of distribution, 149n5 gap measure, poverty measures, 124–25 income distribution size, 5–6 subgroup consistency of, 10 measures. See also inequality measures; poverty measures Foster-Wolfson polarization, 240–41 generalized entropy, 17 mean log deviation, 17 Theil’s first, 18, 24 Theil’s second, 17, 22 of welfare, 8–9 median income, distribution size, 6 mixed quantile ratio, 89 money-metric wealth indicator, 47 monotonic transformation, 21 monotonicity, income standards, 55–56. See also weak monotonicity Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI), 233–34 multidimensional poverty measures, 230–34 multidimensional standards, 234–38, 236–37 multimodal density, 51
299