Tidbits Grand Forks - February 18, 2016 by Tidbits of Grand Forks - East Grand Forks

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• Americans buy more than 58 million pounds of chocolate for Valentine’s Day every year, making up 5% of chocolate sales for the entire year. In honor of that, come along with Tidbits as we eat chocolate!

CHOCOLATE FACTS

• Although a lot of chocolate is purchased for Valentine’s Day, it’s actually the 4th biggest holiday for chocolate sales, after Christmas, Easter, and Halloween. • The average American consumes about 12 pounds of chocolate every year. However, as far as per capita consumption goes, the U.S. lags behind ten other countries including Switzerland where they eat an average 22 pounds per year.

• Carpet Cleaning • The U.S. consumes about 50 percent of the world’s supply of chocolate. • Upholstery Cleaning • Americans eat 2.8 billion pounds of candy • Water each year. Nearly half of it is chocolate. Extraction

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• Every second, Americans collectively eat 100 pounds of chocolate.

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• Researchers have found a link between daily consumption of dark chocolate and the reduced rate of heart disease. • Compounds found in dark chocolate have an anti-bacterial effect which helps prevent tooth decay.

CHOCOLATE: THE BAD NEWS

Quiz Bits 2.

• Researchers have found no link between acne and chocolate.

• Chocolate contains an alkaloid compound called theobromine which is similar to caffeine, an alkaloid found in coffee beans. Theobromine, when isolated and refined, is used in medicine as a vasodilator to lower blood pressure, as a diuretic, and as a heart stimulant. The amount of theobromine present in 2.5 ounces of dark chocolate has been shown to reduce coughing, and it has been used to reduce asthma.

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CHOCOLATE: THE GOOD NEWS

5. T or F: The harvest season for cacao is all year long. 6. What country does the What percent of the world’s Toblerone candy bar originate almond crop is used by the from? chocolate industry? 7. Approximately, how many What percent of the world’s peacacao beans does it take to nut crop is used by the chocolate make a pound of chocolate? industry? 8. What was the blood made of in Which lasts longer on the shelf: the shower scene in the movie dark chocolate or white chocolate? “Psycho”? Why does old chocolate develop TRIVIA a white coating?

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• Theobromine can be poisonous when taken in excess. A lethal dose for an average human would be about 40 Hershey bars. Dogs and cats metabolize theobromine more slowly, making it more dangerous. Although cats can rarely be induced to eat sweets because they are unable to taste sweet things, dogs will happily gorge on chocolate. A smaller dog can die after eating as little as 1.8 oz. of milk chocolate; a larger dog can die after eating a pound of it.

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• Dark chocolate is far higher in theobromine

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• Chocolate comes from a bean that grows on the cacao tree. The cacao tree is an evergreen native to the tropical regions of Central and South America. Its cultivation has since spread to tropical regions worldwide, primarily in Africa. • The name ‘cacao’ is a Maya word meaning ‘god food.’ This inspired the Latin name which is ‘Theobroma cacao’ where ‘theo’ means ‘god’ and ‘broma’ means ‘food.’ • The word ‘cocoa’ is a corrupted spelling of ‘cacao.’ • The word ‘chocolate’ is derived from the Mayan word ‘xocolatl’ meaning ‘bitter water’ because raw cacao is indeed bitter unless sweetened.

CHOCOLATE FARMS

• More than two-thirds of the world’s cacao is grown in Africa, and the Ivory Coast alone produces about one third of the world’s supply. Ninety percent of the world’s supply of cacao is grown on small family-run farms, most of which are smaller than 12 acres. Many poor rural cacao farmers have never experienced chocolate. • It takes a cacao tree four to five years to produce its first cacao pods. A pod is about the size and shape of a football, and it contains about 50 individual cacao beans. Each cacao tree can produce approximately 2,500 beans each year. Cacao trees can live to be 200 years old, but they only produce marketable beans for about 25 years. • Cacao butter is the white-colored natural fat inside a cacao bean. Cacao butter is the main ingredient in white chocolate. Because of the nature of cacao butter, chocolate is one of the few edible substances that melts at just below body temperature. This means that chocolate does in fact ‘melt in your mouth.’ ...continued

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Working-Class Zeros We live in the age of working-class discontent, which, if it wasn’t obvious before, has been made plain by the passions roiling 2016 presidential politics. The media’s preferred description of the average Republican voter has often been “the angry white male.” This was crudely simplistic and meant to be pejorative. If the press wants to update the descriptor, it should refer to “the despairing white male.” Or more accurately, the despairing white working class. White working-class life in America has been in a slow-motion disintegration for decades, and it shows. The white working class is an archipelago of hopelessness. It is in a funk about the economy (almost 80 percent think we are still in a recession) and, more fundamentally, the American future. According to the American Values Survey conducted by the Public Religion Research Institute, only about 40 percent of the white working class say the country’s best days are ahead. This is not only lower than college-educated whites (53 percent), but much lower than blacks (60 percent) and Hispanics (56 percent). It is astonishing to think that the white working class has a dimmer view of the nation’s future than blacks, who have been historically discriminated against and still lag badly on almost every socio-economic indicator. As noted by the National Journal’s acute analyst Ronald Brownstein, a survey for The Pew Charitable Trusts picked up the same finding a few years

ago. It asked people whether they expected to be better off in 10 years. Whereas two-thirds of blacks and Hispanics said “yes,” only 44 percent of whites without a college degree said the same. We are conditioned by the media to be obsessed with race, when class is an increasingly important divider. (No one ever earnestly says on a cable-TV show that we need to have “a conversation about class in America.”) The class divide among whites shows up again and again on questions about the fairness of the country. The American Values Survey finds that white working-class Americans distrust institutions like the government and business more than college-educated whites do; they are more likely to think that their vote doesn’t matter because of the influence of wealthy interests; they are more likely to think that hard work doesn’t necessarily lead to success. There is a sense among working-class whites that America has gone off the rails, and has been that way for a long time. Sixty-two percent of them say American culture has gotten worse since the 1950s. Besides the economic battering that lower-skilled workers have taken in recent decades, the working class is increasingly disconnected from the institutions that lend meaning and hope to people’s lives: marriage, the workforce, churches and other institutions of civil society. They believe that the long-standing American promise of a country where children are better off than their parents has been betrayed, and they sense that their time is past — a sense reinforced by a pop culture that tends to consider them afterthoughts, or fitting subjects for mockery. Although smaller than it once was, the white working class remains about 40 percent of the electorate. Its travails can’t — and won’t — be ignored. Rich Lowry is editor of the National Review. © 2016 by King Features Synd., Inc.

CANDY BAR FACTS

• M&M candies were created during World War II in order to get chocolate to the soldiers without it melting during shipment to hot climates. The name stands for company founders, Forrest Mars & Bruce Murrie.

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• More than 49 million Tootsie Rolls are made every day. • Hershey’s produces over 80 million chocolate Kisses every day. They are called Kisses because the machine seems to be ‘kissing’ the conveyor belt. • Milky Way candy bars are not named after the galaxy, but are actually named for malted milkshakes because that’s the taste manufacturers were hoping to reproduce. • Three Musketeers bars originally included three pieces per package in chocolate, vanilla, and strawberry flavors. Manufacturers switched to just chocolate after the price of strawberries went up.

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• The Snickers bar was named after the inventor’s favorite horse. Snickers is currently America’s top-selling candy bar. • Andes Candies were originally called “Andy’s Candies,” after creator George Andrew Kanelos, but he changed the name after realizing men didn’t want to buy chocolates for their sweethearts that had another man’s name on them. • German chocolate cake did not originate in Germany. In 1852, a man named Sam German developed a sweet baking chocolate bar for Baker's Chocolate Co. The product was named in honor of him.

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• It was columnist and editor Doug Larson who made the following sage observation: "Few things are more satisfying than seeing your children have teenagers of their own." • If you're a fan of football, you've probably seen the leaping lion logo on the helmets of Detroit Lions players. You might not realize, though, that the lion has a name: Bubbles. • The first volume of the first edition of the Oxford English Dictionary was published in 1884, 30 years after the Philological Society of London came up with the idea for a dictionary that traced the way the language had developed from Anglo-Saxon times. It was estimated that the entire project would take 10 years, but in half that time they'd completed just a single volume, covering A to Ant. • Those who study such things say that your brain takes about 0.0004 seconds to retrieve a memory. • You might be surprised to learn that the person who has been nominated for more Academy Awards than any other living person is neither an actor nor a director. American composer John Williams -- who created scores for such memorable films as the "Star Wars" series, "Jaws," "Schindler's List," "Jurassic Park," the "Indiana Jones" series, "Fiddler on the Roof" and the first three "Harry Potter" movies -- has (so far) been nominated for a whopping 50 Oscars, and he has taken home five of the statuettes. He's also received three Emmy Awards, four Golden Globes and 22 Grammy Awards -- with an astounding 65 Grammy nominations to his name. • It's not clear why, but the incidence of lefthandedness in twins is significantly higher than it is in the general population. *** Thought for the Day: "To be astonished is one of the surest ways of not growing old too quickly." -- Colette © 2016 King Features Synd., Inc.

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Amazing Animals: • Pigs are among the most intelligent of the domesticated animals. Their IQ is comparable to a dog’s.

• Bacon is one of the oldest processed meats in history. The Chinese began salting pork bellies as early as 1500 BC. Today, 38% of meat consumed worldwide is pork.

• Technically speaking, a pig is an animal less than 10 weeks old, and a hog is a mature pig. Piglets weaned off their mother’s milk are called shoats. A female pig is called a gilt until she has given birth, when she is called a sow. An adult male is called a boar. A castrated male is called a barrow.

• Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto brought pigs with him in the year 1539 when he came to explore the southeastern region of North America. They were the first pigs on the continent. Pigs that escaped from his herd became and ancestors of razorback pigs.

• From birth to the age of six months, a typical piglet will increase its size by 7,000 percent.

• Pigs are important in medicine, because their skin is used for treating burns, their insulin is used for diabetics, their thyroxine is used to treat underactive thyroids, and a compound from their pituitary gland is used to relieve arthritis. About 40 different medications are made from pigs, and their heart valves have been used to replace human heart valves.

• Like humans, pigs are omnivores, meaning they eat both plants and other animals. They prefer to eat slowly and savor their food. • There are 16 species of pigs including wild boars, pygmy hogs, and domestic pigs. Domestic pigs have curly tails; wild pigs have straight tails. • Pig skin has no sweat glands. To keep cool, pigs prefer a dip in cool, clean water. If that is not available, mud will do. Mud also protects them from lice and other parasites as well as preventing sunburn. • Pigs prefer clean pens, and will always relieve themselves in the corner furthest from where they sleep. • The pig’s snout is very sensitive to touch. Some pig farmers put rings in pigs’ noses to prevent them from rooting around in the dirt with their snouts, causing damage to crops. • Pigs consume half the corn supply of the U.S., and 75 million of them each year are slaughtered to provide Americans with the 65 pounds (29 kg) of pork eaten per capita. • About 65% of a pig is edible.

• Because of their thick skin, pigs can withstand the bite of venomous snakes far better than other animals. • "Porcus" is Latin for pig, giving us the word pork. • The world’s largest pig was Big Bill, a hog who was five feet tall at the shoulder, nine feet long, and weighed 2,552 pounds in 1933. He was scheduled to be exhibited at the World’s Fair but broke a leg and had to be put down. • Because young pigs grow so fast, a total of 48 piglets were used during the filming of the movie “Babe.” • The reason pigs are used to sniff out truffles below the ground is because truffles exude a scent that imitates the pig's sexual chemical messengers. • Winston Churchill famously said that, “Dogs look up to man. Cats look down to man. Pigs look us straight in the eye and see an equal.”

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Answer

King CROSSWORD

I had three chairs in my house: One for solitude, two for friendship, three for society. - Henry Thoreau

Answer

• Pigs can live up to 15 years.

Weekly SUDOKU

PIGS

DIRECTORY • On Feb. 22, 1732, George Washington is born in Westmoreland County, Virginia, the second son of a plantation owner. Initially a loyal British subject, Washington eventually led the Continental Army in the American Revolution and became known as the father of the United States. • On Feb. 27, 1827, a group of masked and costumed students dance through the streets of New Orleans, marking the beginning of the city's Mardi Gras celebrations. Though early French settlers had brought the tradition of Mardi Gras, Spanish governors later banned the celebrations. • On Feb. 25, 1870, Hiram Rhoades Revels, a Republican from Natchez, Mississippi, is sworn into the U.S. Senate, becoming the first black American ever to sit in Congress. During the Civil War, Revels, a college-educated minister, served as a chaplain for the Union army. • On Feb. 26, 1935, Nazi leader Adolf Hitler signs a secret decree authorizing the founding of the Reich Luftwaffe as a third German military service. The Versailles Treaty that ended World War I had prohibited military aviation in Germany. • On Feb. 23, 1958, five-time Formula One champion Juan Manuel Fangio of Argentina is kidnapped in Cuba by a group of Fidel Castro's rebels. Fangio was released the next day after the Cuba Grand Prix ended. • On Feb. 28, 1964, Thelonious Monk makes the cover of Time magazine. Beatlemania was at its peak, but contemporary jazz music had captured the imagination of a significant number of American music fans. • On Feb. 24, 1988, the U.S. Supreme Court votes 8-0 to overturn the $200,000 settlement awarded to the Reverend Jerry Falwell for his emotional distress at being parodied in Hustler magazine. The court ruled that Hustler's parody, although in poor taste, fell within the First Amendment's protection of freedom of speech and the press. © 2016 King Features Synd., Inc.

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NUGGET OF KNOWLEDGE When the movie "Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory" was made in 1971, they used 15,000 gallons of water mixed with chocolate and cream to create the chocolate river in which the fictional character Augustus Gloop nearly drowns. Because of all the cream, the river spoiled quickly and movie crews reported it smelled terrible.

Q: What do you call Chewbacca when he has chocolate stuck in his hair? A: A Chocolate Chip Wookiee. www.tidbitsgf.com

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• Protect poochie’s paws with petroleum jelly. Clean off your dog’s feet and rub a small amount of petroleum jelly into the pads. This is especially important in winter, as outside conditions can really do a number on their paws! • “I’ve been purging this year as a part of new year resolutions. I can’t believe how overwhelmed with “stuff” I am. After having this realization, I have made another resolution: This year I am giving only gifts that can be experienced or consumed. A beauty salon trip, a nice bottle of wine, a car wash/oil change combo, overnight stay at a beach hotel, etc.” — Y.P. in California • Cords that you don’t use regularly (say, a device cord for a digital camera) can be hung up on the inside of your desk or computer cabinet. • You can use Borax (a common household cleaner, found in the laundry aisle) to unclog a toilet, among many other uses. Try adding a half cup of Borax and letting it sit 10-20 minutes, followed by a few cups of boiling water. • “I walk past my recycling bin after getting the mail. Junk mail goes straight in, and doesn’t even make it into the house.” — E.C. in Pennsylvania • “Used tea bags are fantastic for treating skin irritations, such as razor burn, mild sunburn and windburn. Save your tea bags in a small container or sealable bag in the refrigerator. They also soothe insect bites. And after you’ve used them to soothe your skin, pitch them right into your compost bin.” — K.G. in Florida Send your tips to Now Here’s a Tip, 628 Virginia Drive, Orlando, FL 32803. © 2016 King Features Synd., Inc.

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QUIZ: CANDY BARS

• John was born in England in 1801 to a Quaker family. As a Quaker, he was not allowed to attend college or join the military, so he did what most Quakers did in those days: he went into business. • He felt the consumption of alcohol was responsible for many of society’s ills, so he decided to provide people with an alternative. In 1824 he rented a factory and began to manufacture ‘drinking chocolate’ which is now called cocoa or hot chocolate. He made it by grinding up cocoa beans using a mortar and pestle, blending it with sugar, and pressing it into blocks. Customers would take the blocks home and shave some off into hot water or milk. • The enterprise prospered, and in 1861 he turned the business over to his sons. A few years later, his sons began using a new automated process that removed cocoa butter from the cocoa bean, which allowed them to expand their business into offering chocolate bars and chocolate candy. • In 1875 they offered chocolate Easter eggs which were so popular they soon had 200 employees in their factory. They studied the Swiss techniques of making milk chocolate and by 1899 they had 2,600 employees. • When John’s sons grew old, his grandsons took over. They revamped their Easter eggs, adding a crème filling in order to mimic the yolk of an egg. Today, 1.5 million of those crème-filled eggs are produced every single day at the main factory in Birmingham, England. They are sold primarily at Easter. The egg, and the company, is named after John’s last name. What was John’s last name? (Answer at top of next page)

(Solution on Next Page)

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Answer: Cadbury

A TOFFEE BAR

• In 1913 in Robinson, Illinois, a father bought a candy store Answer: Dell.to give his sons a business to run. The sons, named Bayard and Everett, turned A VERY LARGE NUMBER the store into a successful candy shop, soda •fountain, Edward Kasner a mathematician. In 1938 and icewas cream parlor. A traveling he was asked to come up with a name for a salesman shared a recipe for toffee with them, very large number: the numeral one, followed which he got from a candy store in a nearby by a hundred zeros. He asked his two young town. Bayard Everett experimented nephews whatand name they would suggest. with the new candy until they perfected • Nine-year-old Milton suggestedthea recipe. name Later they with chocolate. out of thecovered funnies.the A toffee cartoon strip character was bought very popular. • Innamed 1928 Barney their father a dairyMilton nearbychose and Barney’s last name for the number. he convinced his sons to quit the candy store •toKasner announced thedid, big come help him onthe the new dairyname farm.for They number his nexttheir book, altering the spelling. but they in brought candy-making equipthem and continued to turn out Brin tof•ment Sixtywith years later, Larry Page and Sergey developed a new internet search engine. Other fee. They started including ‘toffee bars’ on search engines searched each webpage and the dairy’s order form, so people could order ranked them cottage according to how milk, cream, cheese, or many toffeetimes deliv-a specific term appeared on them, but Page and ered right to their door every morning. Sales Brin designed their search engine to search for got a boost, but then the Great Depression hit. the specific term and then find out how many • However, toffee thepage, Delinks there werebars thatsold ledwell backduring to that which resulted in they a better pression, because costsearch only engine. a nickel and no other candy on thea market •there Theywas decided they needed name that that reflected how Another many websites the search was like them. boost arrived with engineWar wasII,searching. They discovered took the name World when the Army the of Edward Kasner’s very large toffee bar’s long shelf life and number, began toonly inthey misspelled it slightly, so it ended up being clude it in soldiers rations. When the soldiers spelled exactly the same the cartoon came home, they looked for way it in stores. Hercharacter Barney spelled his last name. What’s shey bought the company in 1996, but the canit called? (Answer at bottom of page) dy bar, named after the family that invented it, COMPUTER FACTS remains unchanged. What’s it called? (Answer •below) In 1981 Bill Gates said, “640 kb of memory ought to be enough for anybody.” IT’S A FACT • Moore’s Law states that computer performance • The chocolate industry in the U.S. employs doubles every 18 to 24 months, and ever since 1971,37,000 this haspeople been true. about and ships goods worth billionMicrosoft, each year.and Apple were all •over HP, $14 Google, started in garages. Answer: Google, from googol.

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Quiz Answers

1. 40% 2. 20% 3. Dark chocolate 4. It’s the cocoa butter leaching to the surface.

True Switzerland 400 Chocolate syrup.

Sports Answers 1. April of 1916. 2. Bud Harrelson 3. Elvin Hayes with 948; Moses Malone (945). 4. Tampa Bay’s Steven Stamkos

5. Christie Rampone 6. U.S. Open 7. Jonathan Papelbon, with 123.

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