Answer: The rubber overshoes are galoshes. NOTEWORTHY INVENTORS:
BINNEY & SMITH
• The chemical company run by Edwin Binney and Harold Smith in the 1880s manufactured pigments used in paints. They made a very deep black by using carbon, and there was a high demand for this pigment for use in shoe polish, ink, and even tires. • With the profit, they began to expand, producing chalk, pencils, and other school supplies and art products. Now there were many new items in their warehouse that needed to be tracked and inventoried. • At the time, the ink marker used to label boxes and crates was very messy, so Binney and Smith designed a new box marker using carbon black mixed with paraffin wax, wrapped in paper to make it easy to handle. • As their salesmen visited schools across the country hawking the company’s products, they began to report back that often the only art supplies the children had to work with were expensive French markers that many children could not afford. Binney and Smith decided to take the idea for their box marker and adapt it for school use.
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• They added talc to the formula and mixed in different pigments. First they sold it in boxes of eight colors, then 16, and now 120. Binney’s wife came up with the name for the product from the French word "craie" meaning chalk, and "oleaginous" meaning oily, referring to the paraffin wax: Crayola Crayons. • Today the average child will use up an average of 730 Crayola Crayons by the time they turn ten. • If the power ever goes out, remember that you can use crayons as a candle.
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