Tidbits of Grand Forks - January 15, 2014

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MOMENTS IN TIME • On Jan. 23, 1775, London merchants petition Parliament for relief from the financial hardship put upon them by the curtailment of trade with the North American colonies. Most critical to the merchants' concerns were the 2 million pounds sterling in outstanding debts owed to them. • On Jan. 19, 1915, during World War I, Britain suffers its first casualties from an air attack when two German zeppelins drop bombs on Great Yarmouth and King's Lynn on the eastern coast of England. • On Jan. 20, 1937, President Franklin D. Roosevelt is inaugurated for the second time as president. The Constitution had originally set March 4 as the presidential inauguration date to allow the winner time to travel to the nation's capital. • On Jan. 25, 1949, the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences holds its first annual awards ceremony in Los Angeles. The now-famous award statuette "Emmy" was a feminized version of "immy," the shorthand term for the image orthicon tube that was used in TV cameras until the 1960s.

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• On Jan. 24, 1956, Look magazine publishes the confessions of J.W. Milam and Roy Bryant, two white men from Mississippi who were acquitted in the 1955 kidnapping and murder of black teenager Emmett Till. In August 1955, on a visit to relatives, the 14-year-old Till had allegedly whistled at a white woman who ran a store. • On Jan. 21, 1977, President Jimmy Carter grants an unconditional pardon to hundreds of thousands of men who evaded the draft during the Vietnam War. Some 100,000 young Americans went abroad, with 90 percent going to Canada. The Canadian government had instructed border guards not to ask too many questions. • On Jan. 22, 1981, the final portrait of John Lennon and wife, Yoko, appears on the cover of Rolling Stone. The photo, taken 12 hours before Lennon was assassinated, shows a naked Lennon curled up in a fetal embrace with a fully clothed Yoko. Photographer Annie Liebowitz had been told by a Rolling Stone editor, "Please get me some pictures without [Yoko]." © 2014 King Features Synd., Inc.

CHA-CHA (continued): • We’ve all used chalk throughout our lives, but what exactly is chalk anyway? It’s a porous form of limestone, composed mostly of calcium carbonate. It usually forms underwater on the sea bed from the gradual accumulation of tiny calcite plates and marine organisms. England’s White Cliffs of Dover are the most famous deposit of chalk, although large quantities are also found in Denmark. Today’s blackboard chalk used in classrooms is actually a manufactured substance made from gypsum, which is calcium sulfate. Some chalk is formed from talc, which is magnesium silicate. • World-renowned fashion designer Gabrielle “Coco” Chanel came from very humble beginnings, born to a peddler and a laundress in 1883. When her mother died 12 years later, Chanel’s father put her and her two sisters into an orphanage run by nuns. They never saw him again. During her six years in the orphanage, Coco was taught to sew, a skill that shaped the remainder of her life. Before her clothing career, she was a nightclub singer, but in 1910, financed by her current love interest, she opened her first shop in Paris. In the 1920s, she introduced the legendary Chanel suit and the timeless “little black dress” as well as her signature Chanel No. 5 perfume. By 1935, her company had over 4,000 employees. TIME magazine has included Coco Chanel on their list of “The 100 Most Influential People of the 20th Century,” the only fashion designer to receive this honor. • There are about 22,000 species of chalcid wasps, but entomologist estimate there may be anywhere from 60,000 to 500,000 more species of this insect that are yet to be discovered. The tiny 3-mm chalcids are a friend to the gardener, acting as a natural method of controlling garden pests such as aphids and cutworms. A few old couples used to get together to talk about life and to have a good time. One day one of the men, Harry, started talking about this fantastic restaurant he went to the other night with his wife. “Really?”, one of the men said, what’s it called? After thinking for a few seconds, Harry said, “What are those good smelling flowers called again?” “Do you mean a rose?" the first man questioned. “Yes that’s it,” he exclaimed. Looking over at his wife he said, “Rose, what’s that restaurant we went to the other night?”

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