Paper presented at the 52nd CFCS Annual Meeting, Guadeloupe, July 10-16, 2016
Items Economic contributions Marginalized sector / poor population Small-holder farmers Household consumption and income Cash reserve Non food commodities Supplying manure. Draft animals Positive effects upon environment Insurance against ecological risks (protection against crop failure) Landscapes, aesthetic functions Socio-cultural linkages Special niche market Goat meat Goats target religious festivities Buffalypso milk Pekari (+ rodent) meat Goat (sheep) skins
Regions
References (n)
Central America Latin America Latin America Central America Central America Latin America
5 ref 6 ref 5 ref 3 ref 3 ref 5 ref
Latin America Central America Latin America Latin America Central America
8 ref 5 ref 3 ref 6 ref 1 ref
Central America Latin America Central America Latin America
5 ref 6 ref 2 ref 3 ref
Central America Latin America Central America Central America Central America Latin America Central America
6 ref 3 ref 3 ref 3 ref 10 ref 16 ref 4 ref
Table 2 Some examples of socio-economic roles of domesticated and neo-tropical mammals in different regions (Garcia 2005; Alexandre et al., 2013 reviewed in Alexandre et al., 2014) Conclusion As a conclusion we notify that improving the current systems and practices is an urgent need, particularly in the context of small farmer natural resource management systems, which predominate in tropical developing countries. Based on the different case studies developed for different species and at different scales: (i) animal/physiology, (ii) plot/field, (iii) agroecosystem/farm, and (iv) territory/society, and on the food system approach, we can prescribe a set of rules in a mulicircular process that could help to reduce the use of external inputs, and increase the efficiency of the animals and systems. Bibliografic references 1]Ahrens, D.C., Pellin, T. and Santoro, P.H., 2009. Agroecology at IAPAR: summaries of research projects and published works from 2004 to 2009, (Instituto Agronomico do Parana (IAPAR), Londrina, Brazil) 2] Alexandre, G, Fanchone, A, Ozier-Lafontaine, H. and Diman, J.L., 2014. Livestock farming systems and agroecology in the Tropics, Sustainable Agriculture reviews, 14, 83-116 3] Alexandre, G., Gonzalez-Garcia, E., Lallo, C.H.O., Ortega-Jimenez, E., Pariacote, F., Archimède, H., Mandonnet, N. and Mahieu M., 2010. Goat management and systems of production: global framework and study cases in the Caribbean, Small Ruminant Research, 89, 193-206 4] Altieri, M.A., Funes-Monzote, F.R. and Petersen, P., 2012. Agroecologically efficient agricultural systems for smallholder farmers: contributions to food sovereignty, Agronomy Sustainable Development, 32, 1-13 5] Archimède, H.,Alexandre, G., Mahieu, M., Fleury, J., Petro, D., Garcia, G.W., Fanchone, A., Bambou, J.C., Marie Magdeleine, C., Gourdine, J.L., Gonzalez, E. and Mandonnet, N., 2014. Agroecological ressources for sustainable livestock farming in the humid tropics, Sustainable Agriculture reviews, 14, 299-330 6] Arece, J. and Rodriguez, J.G., 2010. Dynamics of gastrointestinal strongyles infesting larvae in grazing sheep, Pastos y Forrajes, 33, 99-113
107