ENSLAVED FOUNDATIONS: THE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC LIVES OF ENSLAVED ARTISANS AT GEORGE WASHINGTON’S MOUNT VERNON

by KAYLEIGH SENG

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“Advertisement.” In the Claypoole’s American Daily Advertiser, 27 May 1796, 1.

Custis, George Washington Parke. Recollections and Private Memoirs of Washington, by His Adopted Son, George Washington Parke Custis, with a Memoir of the Author, by His Daughter; and Illustrative and Explanatory Notes by Benson J. Lossing. New York: Derby & Jackson, 1860.

Niemcewicz, Julian Ursyn. “Mount Vernon” in Under their Vine and Fig Tree: Travels through American in 1797 – 1799, 1805 with some further account of life in New Jersey, trans. Metchie J. E. Budka. New Jersey: The Grassman Publishing Company, INC., 1965. 95 –108.

Richard Allen. “Eulogy of George Washington.” Delivered in Bethel Church December 29, 1799, and reprinted in the Philadelphia Gazette, 31 December 1799, 1.

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Secondary Sources- Books:

Berlin, Ira. Many Thousands Gone: The First Two Centuries of Slavery in North America. The Belknap Press of Harvard University, 1998.

Collini, Sara. “The Labors of Enslaved Midwives in Revolutionary Virginia.” In Women in the American Revolution: Gender, Politics, and the Domestic World edited by Barbara Oberg, 19 – 38. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2019. Deetz, Kelly Fanto. Bound to the Fire: How Virginia’s Enslaved Cooks Helped Invent American Cuisine. Kentucky: The University of Kentucky Press, 2017.

Dunbar, Erica Armstrong. Never Caught: The Washingtons’ Relentless Pursuit of Their Runaway Slave. Ona Judge. New York: Simon & Schuster Inc., 2017.

Glover, Lori. Founders As Fathers: The Private Lives and Politics of the American Revolutionaries. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2014.

Hirschfeld, Fritz. George Washington and Slavery: A Documentary Portrayal. Missouri: University of Missouri Press, 1997.

Morgan, Philip D. Slave Counterpoint: Black Culture in the Eighteenth Century Chesapeake and Low-Country. The University of North Carolina Press, 1998.

Newton, James E., and Ronald L. Lewis. The Other Slaves: Mechanics, Artisans, and Craftsmen. G.K. Hall & CO., 1978.

Schwartz, Marie Jenkins. Ties That Bound: Founding First Ladies and Slaves. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2017.

Thompson, Mary V. The Only Unavoidable Subject of Regret: George Washington, Slavery, and the Enslaved Community at Mount Vernon. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2019.

Wiencek, Henry. An Imperfect God: George Washington, His Slaves, and the Creation of America. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 2003.

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Allen, Gloria Seaman. “Slaves as Textile Artisans: Documentary Evidence for the Chesapeake Region.” Uncoverings 22 (October 2001): 1 – 36. https://search-ebscohost-com.mutex.gmu.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=asu&AN=504910196&site=ehost-live

Baker, Charles Richard. “What Can Thomas Jefferson’s Accounting Records Tell Us About Plantation Management, Slavery, and Enlightenment Philosophy in Colonial America?” Sage Journal 24, no. 2 (May 2018): 236 – 256. https://doi-org.mutex. gmu.edu/10.1177/1032373218772589

François Furstenberg. “Atlantic Slavery, Atlantic Freedom: George Washington, Slavery, and Transatlantic Abolitionist Networks,” William and Mary Quarterly 68, no. 2 (2011): 247 – 286.

Heath, Barbara J. and Amber Bennett. “The Little Spots Allow’d Them: The Archaeological Study of African-American Yards.” Historical Archaeology 34, no.2 (2000): 38 – 55. https://www-jstor-org.mutex.gmu.edu/stable/25616787

Morgan, Phillip D. “To Get Quit of Negroes: George Washington and Slavery.” Journal of American Studies 39, no. 3 (December 2005): 403 – 429. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021875805000599

Weaver, Karol K. “Fashioning Freedom: Slave Seamstresses in the Atlantic World.” Journal of Women’s History 24, no. 1 (Spring 2012): 47. https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/fashioning-freedom-slave-seamstresses-atlantic/ docview/1010324374/se-2?accountid=14541

Wiencek, Henry. “Master of Monticello.” Smithsonian 43, no. 6 (October 2012): 40, 42 – 49, 92, 94 – 97. https://www. proquest.com/magazines/master-monticello/docview/1086341084/se-2?accountid=14541.

Secondary Sources- Dissertations and Theses

Allen, Gloria Seaman. “Threads of Bondage: Chesapeake Slave Women and Plantation Cloth Production, 1750 – 1850.” PhD diss., The George Washington University, 2000. https://www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/threads-bondagechesapeake-slave-women-plantation/docview/304593215/se-2?accountid=14541.

Donnelly, Theresa L. “George Washington’s Laboring Women: An Examination of the Work and Lives of the Enslaved field workers at Mount Vernon’s Outlying Plantations, 1785 – 1787.” Master’s thesis, University of Maryland, 2013. https:// www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/george-washingtons-laboring-women-examination/docview/1499224389/se2?accountid=14541.

McGlynn, Bethany J. “Who Built the City on the Severn? Slavery, Material Culture, and Landscapes of Labor in Early Annapolis.” Master’s thesis, University of Delaware, 2020. https://www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/who-built-cityon-severn-slavery-material-culture/docview/2451865146/se-2?accountid=14541

Smith, Johanna Hope. Adorned Identities: An Archaeological Perspective on Race and Self Preservation in 18th - Century Virginia.” PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 2017.

White, Gwendolyn K. “Commerce and Community: Plantation Life at George Washington’s Mount Vernon, 1754 to 1799.” PhD diss., George Mason University, 2016.

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“Black Craftspeople Digital Archives,” Black Craftspeople Digital Archives, accessed November 9, 2021, https://archive. blackcraftspeople.org/collections/browse

Mount Vernon Ladies Association and Virginia Research Center for Archaeology, “House for Families,” https://www.daacs.org/ sites/house-for-families/#home

Mount Vernon Ladies Association, “The House for Families.” https://www.mountvernon.org/preservation/archaeology/thehouse-for-families/

Mount Vernon Ladies Association, “Ona Judge.” https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/ article/ona-judge/#_ftn1

Mount Vernon Ladies Association, “Slave Labor,” Digital Encyclopedia of George Washington, Accessed November 10, 2021, https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/slave-labor/

Seng, Kayleigh. “The Diverse Groups of Artisans at Mount Vernon.” Mason’s Legacies, http://masonslegacies.org/exhibits/show/ artisans-mountvernon.

Sinha, Manisha. “Transatlantic Slavery Symposium: Transatlantic Abolition and Law.” Streamed August 9, 2021, by the Benjamin Franklin House, Fred W. Smith National Library for the Study of George Washington, and the Robert H. Smith International Center for Jefferson Studies, London and Virginia, video, 52:10. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_b_7v4WF-0&list=PLr40fFkNNADFP3KYVwAIUtsX-BaBFHZEo&index=11&t=3117s

The Gut Microbiome And Lung Cancer

by MAYA DUMAS

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The Effect Of Reservation Life On The Mental Health Of Native Americans

by USTAT GORAYA

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