App Proposal || Tressa Randolph
DEDICATION This book is dedicated to my son, Cole Randolph. The journey is sometimes fraught with obstacles, but it is how we approach and work through these challenges that determines our final destination. Thank you for your patience as I work toward my goals for our future. I hope you keep working toward your own dreams and goals, no matter how rocky the path before you. You are my sunshine, and I love you.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Proposal
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Research
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User Personae
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Concept Work
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Logic Map
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Creative Brief
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Lo-Fi Development
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Hi-Fi Development
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Usability Testing
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Project Time-line
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Research Notes
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Citations
177
Bibliography
181 Microsoft Diabetic Lens App
PROJECT PROPOSAL Diabetes is a disease from which millions suffer and many more are at risk. While there are a number of ways for diabetics to measure their blood glucose levels in order to maintain the safe balance needed by the human body, all current methods involve the invasive procedure of drawing blood. (ADA) Microsoft, in conjunction with the University of Washington, is looking to improve this process by developing a contact lens which has the potential to monitor blood glucose levels through the fluids present in the eye. The lens contains a wireless transmitter which can then send the data to a computer or smart phone. (Parviz) Additionally, Microsoft is seeking to develop a graphic user interface (GUI) to be embedded in the lens allowing the wearer to have instant time-sensitive information which could improve their health or even save their life. (Parviz) While this technology is still in development, it is important to understand the impact such technologies can have and, as designers, to plan for them. In anticipation of the lens technology that will be used for diabetic monitoring, I will be designing an app with which the diabetic lens can interact, as well as an user interface for a transparent interface display.
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PROJECT STRATEGY This project, due to its experimental nature, will require a great deal of research. A better understanding of both the Microsoft Lens project and the nature and needs of diabetics, and diabetic technology, will be critical to providing a great design. Additionally, usability testing will be performed to determine if there are areas which require revision or alteration. The test will be given to members of the target audience who will use a smart phone device to perform requested tasks on a digital prototype of the application. I will be following a development process that I have used in the past which includes, research, concepting, mapping, designing, revising, and developing the final product design.
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INDUSTRY STANDARDS & TRENDS What are the useful industry standards? All industry standards regarding the development of applications will apply, as well as traditional graphic design standards, specifically as they apply to typography, readability, and hierarchy. Standards that apply to designing on a perspective grid may also come into play. Color will require heavy consideration, however, it will have to be examined within the context of both transparent and non-transparent interface design.
What are the industry trends? Flat design is still very much an industry trend and seems to be here to stay for the near future. Color as Affordance is becoming more popular, especially with smart phones reducing the size of screen on which we view information. Designers are finding new ways to use color to indicate navigation and hierarchy. Layers and Parallax are being used to help create a sense of depth within 2D environments. The popularity of 3D continues to grow, as do designs which emulate it. Simple Shapes are very popular due to their ability to create space and convey information quickly in small dimensions. Gamification in both style and function is pervasive in apps and is finding it’s way into social media as well.
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COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS In order to best gauge the competitors in the Diabetic app market, I chose to review apps which are currently available through both the iOS and Android marketplaces. I chose from a surprisingly large collection of apps geared toward measuring glucose levels, as well as featuring additional monitoring and tracking functionality, in order to meet the objective of helping the end user successfully keep their diabetes under control. I used two sets of criteria in determining which apps I would consider to be the strongest competitors. The first set of criteria was the popularity of the app, in terms of sales/downloads, and the user review ratings, with the highest being the strongest competition. The second set of criteria involved examining the functionality and design of the app, regardless of popularity. Using these criteria I chose fourteen different apps, collectively, from both marketplaces including some apps featured in both. Then through a process of examining the functionality and design of each, was able to determine those elements which I consider to be most successful in meeting the user’s needs.
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COMPETITORS (in order of strongest to weakest)
On Track Diabetes
500,000 - 1,000,000 downloads
Glucose Buddy iOS
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Glucose Buddy Android
100,000 - 500,000 downloads
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Diabetes Glucose Diary
100,000 - 500,000 downloads
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COMPETITORS (in order of strongest to weakest)
Diabetes Journal
50,000 - 100,000 downloads
Diabetes App Lite
Diabetes Companion
Diabetes Connect
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10,000 - 50,000 downloads
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50,000 - 100,000 downloads
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COMPETITORS (in order of strongest to weakest)
Diabetes In-Check
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Diabetes Plus
10,000 - 50,000 downloads
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Diabetes Tracker
10,000 - 50,000 downloads
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Glucose Companion
10,000 - 50,000 downloads
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COMPETITORS (in order of strongest to weakest)
Glooko iOS
Glooko Android
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1,000 - 5,000 downloads
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COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS CHART: FUNCTIONALITY
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COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS CHART: DESIGN & INTERFACE
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USER PERSONA 1 Jorge Villareal Age: 38 yrs Occupation: Engineer Diabetic: Type 2 (recently diagnosed)
Description Jorge is an Engineer in his hometown of Sacramento, CA, where he and his wife are raising their three kids. He gained weight over the course of his college years and his busy lifestyle has led to dietary choices which have not aided him in losing the weight. Due to his diet, the doctor recently diagnosed him with type 2 diabetes. Never one to take things lying down, he immediately inquired about his options and was excited to find out he could track his diabetes through contact lenses, which he already wears, and monitor his condition via a phone app. His goal is to lose weight and manage his diabetes responsibly for the sake of his children.
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USER PERSONA 2 Ethel Whitman Age: 72 yrs Occupation: Retired Diabetic: Type 2 (from age 54)
Description Ethel Whitman was diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes in her mid-fifties and has worked hard to keep her diabetes under control. She lost 38 lbs several years ago, but still works to maintain her current healthy weight while managing her diabetes. Her memory is not what it used to be so the option of using a diabetic lens which self monitors is very appealing. She also likes to use alarms to help her remember to take her insulin shots. She has stayed current with technology, although she is not fast with it and is easily confused by poorly designed apps.
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USER PERSONA 3 Jase Anderson Age: 16 yrs Occupation: Student Diabetic: Type 1 (from age 3)
Description Jase is a Sophomore in high-school in the city of Boston, MA. She is active in the photography club and runs cross-country. Between her diabetes and her high metabolism, her weight has been of great concern, since she tends to be underweight. Like most teenage girls, she is very active and social. She doesn’t like to let her diabetes slow her down, but sometimes she is self-conscious of people looking at her when she is using her blood tester. Her doctor has recommended Microsoft Diabetic Lens in conjunction with the phone app to allow her to monitor her blood glucose levels less intrusively.
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WORD ASSOCIATION LIST
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Diabetes
Hemoglobin
Fatigue
Health
Medicine
Highs
Insurance
Doctor
Lows
Medical
Nurse
Legs
Caduceus
Hospital
Circulation
Cross
Desserts
Exercise
Plus
Peanuts
Blood Pressure
Red
Carbs
Receptor
Blood
Daily
Uptake
Insulin
Hourly
Water
Clear
Mealtimes
Eyes
Transparent
Food
Vision
Sugar
Balance
Blindness
Crash
Diet
Anxious
Coma
Restrictions
Mood Swings
Blue
Modify
Hunger
Tear drop
Genetics
Thirst
Pancreas
Overweight
Shakiness
Kidney
Underweight
Regularity
Stomach
Deep South
Frequency
Blue circle
Fatty
Need
Sick
Fried
Change
Tired
Conditioned
Proteins
Drained
Control
Fats
Needle
Collaboration
Band-aids
Injector
Fear
Fruits
Test Strip
Uncertainty
Veggies
Cell
Drowsiness
Dedication Microsoft Diabetic Lens App
SKETCHES & IDEATION
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SKETCHES & IDEATION
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SITE MAP
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LOGIC FLOW
Tressa Randolph
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COLOR PALETTE During the review process of the Competitive Analysis it became apparent that certain colors occurred with greater frequency. In order to better understand which colors were used most regularly, each color was distilled into it’s own group. Upon determining the primary color palette, the psychological implications for each color was researched, as well as its relationships to the medical profession.
Palettes Blue Green Red Orange Purple Grey Yellow
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COLOR PALETTE Primaries
GREEN growth harmony healing
TEAL energy tranquility balance
NAVY soothing stress relief cooling
TURQUOISE calm regeneration relief
Secondaries PLUM calming enlightened cerebral
CITRON cleansing stimulant vitality
CRIMSON warmth circulation warning
Backgrounds
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DK. GRAY strength detached practical
MD. GRAY stable formal neutral
LT. GRAY quiet sophisticated reserved
WHITE purity innocence sanitized
Microsoft Diabetic Lens App
LOGO CONCEPTING
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LOGO DEVELOPMENT Final Logo Design
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VISUAL ELEMENTS Typography
Icons
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WIRE FRAMES Pages 1-4
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WIRE FRAMES Pages 5-8
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WIRE FRAMES Pages 9-12
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WIRE FRAMES Pages 13-16
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HIGH FIDELITY SCREEN Load Screen & Icon
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HIGH FIDELITY SCREEN Main Menu
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HIGH FIDELITY SCREEN Tracking Menu
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HIGH FIDELITY SCREEN Glucose Tracking Page
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HIGH FIDELITY SCREEN Insulin Tracking Page
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HIGH FIDELITY SCREEN A1C Tracking Page
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HIGH FIDELITY SCREEN Medication Tracking Page
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HIGH FIDELITY SCREEN Diet Tracking Page
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HIGH FIDELITY SCREEN Fluid Tracking Page
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HIGH FIDELITY SCREEN Blood Pressure Tracking Page
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HIGH FIDELITY SCREEN Weight Tracking Page
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HIGH FIDELITY SCREEN Quick Add Page
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HIGH FIDELITY SCREEN Daily Overview Graph
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HIGH FIDELITY SCREEN Daily Breakdown Chart
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HIGH FIDELITY SCREEN Hourly Breakdown Chart
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HIGH FIDELITY SCREEN Daily Overview Graph
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HIGH FIDELITY SCREEN Daily Breakdown Chart
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HIGH FIDELITY SCREEN Hourly Breakdown Chart
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HIGH FIDELITY SCREEN Daily Overview Graph
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HIGH FIDELITY SCREEN Daily Breakdown Chart
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HIGH FIDELITY SCREEN Hourly Breakdown Chart
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HIGH FIDELITY SCREEN Daily Overview Graph
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HIGH FIDELITY SCREEN Daily Breakdown Chart
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HIGH FIDELITY SCREEN Hourly Breakdown Chart
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HIGH FIDELITY SCREEN Daily Overview Graph
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HIGH FIDELITY SCREEN Daily Breakdown Chart
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HIGH FIDELITY SCREEN Hourly Breakdown Chart
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HIGH FIDELITY SCREEN Daily Overview Graph
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HIGH FIDELITY SCREEN Daily Breakdown Chart
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HIGH FIDELITY SCREEN Hourly Breakdown Chart
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HIGH FIDELITY SCREEN Daily Overview Graph
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HIGH FIDELITY SCREEN Daily Breakdown Chart
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HIGH FIDELITY SCREEN Hourly Breakdown Chart
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HIGH FIDELITY SCREEN Settings
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HIGH FIDELITY SCREEN Calendar Page
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HIGH FIDELITY SCREEN Alarm Set Page
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HIGH FIDELITY SCREEN Add New Event Page
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HIGH FIDELITY SCREEN Quick Share Page
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HIGH FIDELITY SCREEN Profile Page
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HIGH FIDELITY SCREEN Time Change Page
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HIGH FIDELITY SCREEN Date Change Page
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HIGH FIDELITY SCREEN Tag List Page
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HIGH FIDELITY SCREEN Notes Log Page
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HIGH FIDELITY SCREEN Back-Up Page
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HIGH FIDELITY SCREEN Example, Drop-down Screens
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USABILITY TEST SCRIPT INTRODUCTION “Thank you so much for volunteering to test this product. First I’ll give you a little background. This app has been designed to work in conjunction with a contact lens that is being developed by Microsoft to monitor blood glucose levels through the fluids in the eye. The data recorded by the lens is then sent out via antennae to an outside source, for the purposes of my demonstration, a “smart phone.” However, this app is designed to be functional without the lens as well. For this demonstration certain information has been filled in to demonstrate the app’s functionality and make navigation through the app quicker. I will be asking you to perform a series of tasks and asking you questions about your experience. Please be completely honest in your responses. I don’t want you to feel embarrassed or frustrated if you have difficulty with this demonstration. Remember, this is a test of MY design. Nothing you say will hurt my feelings and nothing you touch will break the app.” * All target users were part of the target audience > Over 48 yrs. old, insured, type 2 diabetics.
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USABILITY TEST SCRIPT Are you ready to get started? 1. Okay, first you will go through the initial setup process for the app. Go ahead and tap the screen to begin. Take your time, there is no rush. Follow the instructional guides to navigate through. 2. [ON PROFILE SETUP SCREEN] Do you understand what you are looking at? What do you think you might do here? 3. [TUTORIAL SCREEN] Great! What do you think will happen when you press the ‘play video’ button? Do you think there is another way to complete this function? Excellent. You have proceeded through the app setup process. Do you have any questions so far? Okay, let’s go ahead and skip the video, and move into the app. 1. [HOME SCREEN] What do you think you are looking at here? Without touching anything, can you tell me what your first instinct is to do on this screen? 2. Now, let’s say you’ve just taken your blood glucose reading and you want to add it to the app. Where do you think you would tap? Go ahead and give it a try. 3. Great, now I’d like you to move around the app, tap anywhere you think might lead you to something else you want to look at. Look around and get a feel for what you are looking at. 4. Great, let’s take a minute to pause now. How are you feeling about the app so far? Do you think you could find your way around if I asked you some more specific questions? 5. Okay, now you will return to the previous screen. How do you think you might do that? 6. If you wanted to return to the home menu, how do you think you might do that? 7. Great. Let’s take a look at some of the graphs. 8. If you wanted to see a different view of this data, what would you do? 9. And if you wanted to see the graph information for a different type of tracking, what would you do to access that information? 10. How do you feel about the information presented in these graphs? What do you think you are looking at, overall? 11. Let’s return to the home menu again. If you wanted to change some of the app’s functionality, how would you do that? 12. And if you wanted to send the data this app has been tracking, how do you think you might do that? That’s great! Thank you so much. I believe I have enough information to move forward from here. I appreciate your time and effort helping me with this project. I assure you all of your information will remain private.
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USABILITY TEST RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS Obstacles
Unclear on Graph labels
Unfamiliar with logo nav
Confused by settings page
Conclusions & Recommendations The usability test was overall a great success. There were very few difficulties operating the app. Users had no problem with readability, icon recognition, or navigation. There were only a few areas of concern. Only half of user were familiar with the concept of using the logo to return to the home page navigation. There was also some concern over the different charts covering different time periods. Interestingly enough, the most common user obstacle was the ‘Settings’ page. Users seemed confused as to what the on/ off settings were and what they applied to. It is my recommendation going forward that the settings page be revised to include additional instruction and labeling. Also, making sure that required fields are marked in the profile setup process to prevent the user from moving forward before they are ready. All users expressed an interest in being able to re-arrange the order in which the tracking cards appear which is a feature that could be addressed visually on the card navigation itself. Finally, adding more labeling and consistent time frames to all graphs would simplify the chart reading process for users. Users also expressed an interest in a feature allowing the user to access notes & tracking information directly from the calendar screen by either clicking on the date or pushing a button.
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PROJECT TIMELINE
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PROJECT TIMESHEET
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PROJECT TIMESHEET
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RESEARCH NOTES Research from the Benaroya Research Org. Diabetes can be type 1 or type 2. It is an auto immune disorder – the body’s auto immune system attacks the cells in the pancreas which makes insulin. As many as 3 million Americans suffer from type 1 diabetes (about 5 – 10% of all diabetics). Relatives of people with type 1 are 15 x’s more likely to develop type 1 diabetes. Type 1 Can result in organ damage or failure, heart disease, kidney disease, blindness & nerve damage. Diabetics must monitor blood sugar at regular intervals & require special diet and exercise. Research from the American Diabetes Association There are 4 tests doctor’s use to determine if someone has diabetes: Hemoglobin A1C Test– measures the average blood glucose levels over the course of 2-3 months. Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) Test – blood glucose levels are diagnosed first thing in the morning after at least 8 hours of fasting. Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) – determines how the body processes glucose by measuring glucose levels before and then two hours after drinking a special sweet drink. Random (or Casual) Plasma Glucose Test – a blood test at any time of the day when you have severe diabetes symptoms (finger prick test). Blood glucose monitoring is the primary tool for controlling diabetes. It is important to keep a log of your results to give the doctor. There are currently Online tools for helping track/log blood glucose test results. Blood glucose can be measured by puncturing the fingers, forearm, thigh or fleshy part of the hand. Blood glucose levels can be measured with some inaccuracy through the urine, but is recommended only as a last resort. Hyperglycemia = Low blood glucose. Hypoglycemia = High blood glucose. © Copyright Tressa Randolph 2014
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RESEARCH NOTES Type 1 Usually only diagnosed in children and young adults. Require injections of insulin through a pump or syringe on a regular basis and in extreme cases requires dialysis. Type 2 In type 2 diabetes the body causes higher than normal blood glucose levels due to insulin resistance caused by the pancreas not being able to keep up production creating extra insulin to keep blood glucose levels at normal levels. Can result in low energy, damage to the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and/or heart. Type 2 diabetes is more common among African Americans, Latinos, Native Americans, and Asian Americans/ Pacific Islanders, and the Elderly. Certain medications, besides insulin, may be used in the treatment of diabetes including Sulfonylureas, Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, and DPP-4 inhibitors. Research from WebMD Pre-diabetes is a diagnosis of a pre-diabetic state in which the subject is already borderline insulin resistant and has higher than normal blood sugar levels, but not high enough to qualify as diabetes. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommends diabetes testing under the following circumstances: Are age 45 yrs. or older. Are under 45 yrs. and overweight, with high blood-pressure, high cholesterol, or a family history of type 2 diabetes. Changes in meal patterns, activity levels, and time zones can affect blood sugar levels – doctors urge care when traveling. Research from MedicineNet.com Diabetes affects approximately 26 million people in the United States. Nearly 80 million people in the Unites States suffer from Pre-diabetes. Š Copyright Tressa Randolph 2014
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RESEARCH NOTES Seven million people are estimated to have diabetes without knowledge of it. Total annual cost of diabetes in 2012 was estimated to be 245 Billion dollars in the U.S. Diabetes was the leading cause of death in the Unites States in 2007. Research from the Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) As of 2010 25.8% of the population has diabetes (that’s 8.3% of the population). Diabetes by age group: Under 20 yrs. = .25% (215,000 people) of the US population have diabetes. Over 20 yrs. = 11.3% (25.6 million people) of the US population have diabetes. Over 65 yrs. = 26.9% (10.9 million people) of the US Population have diabetes. Diabetic health care costs are approximately 2.3 x’s higher than non-diabetic health care costs. Approximately $1 of every $5 health care dollars in the Unites States is spent on caring for someone with diagnosed diabetes. “The 10-year Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) showed that keeping blood glucose levels close to normal helps prevent type 1 diabetes-related complications. Among the 1,441 people participants, all of whom had type 1 diabetes, those who kept their hemoglobin A1C as close to normal as possible had considerably lower incidence of diabetic eye, kidney, and nerve complications. A follow-up study showed that, 8 years after the trial ended, participants who were continuing to maintain intensive blood glucose control continued to have lower rates of complications.” - http:// www.cdc.gov/diabetes/consumer/research.htm “The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) was a federally funded study of more than 3,000 people at high risk for diabetes. The DPP showed that a 5 to 7 percent weight loss from exercise and decreased dietary fat and calories can delay and possibly prevent type 2 diabetes.” - http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/consumer/research.htm According to the CDC map, Southern States including Louisiana, Arkansas, Mississippi, & South Carolina and even down into Florida, have © Copyright Tressa Randolph 2014
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RESEARCH NOTES the largest percentages of diabetics, while the Mid-western states, such as Colorado, Wyoming, and Montana, have the lowest percentages of diabetes. Diabetes is the leading cause of kidney failure, non-traumatic lower-limb amputations, and new cases of blindness among adults in the United States. Research from the National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse (NDIC) According to the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) and the follow-up study, Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) between 1983 & 1993, among sufferers of type 1 diabetes between the ages of 13 and 39 yrs.: DCCT Study Findings: Intensive blood glucose control reduces risk of: Eye disease by 76%, Kidney disease by 50%, Nerve disease by 60%, EDIC Study Findings: Intensive blood glucose control reduces risk of: Any cardiovascular disease event by 42%, Non-fatal heart attack, stroke, or death from cardiovascular causes by 57%, Research studies have shown that control of blood glucose, blood pressure, and blood lipid levels help prevent complications in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Research from Projecting the Future Diabetes Population Size and Related Costs for the U.S. report (from the ADA site) In the next 25 years the number of Americans with diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes will increase from 23.7 million to 44.1 million. Over the same period, spending related to diabetes will increase from $113 billion to $336 billion USD. * Changes will be driven more by the incoming age group (baby boomers) than by obesity rates. Š Copyright Tressa Randolph 2014
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RESEARCH NOTES Research according to the New York Times article, Diabetes and the Obesity Paradox Type 2 diabetes is deadlier to people who are of a normal weight than people who are obese when they are diagnosed – doctors are uncertain why, but suspect less aggressive care in normal weight patients. Over half of adults with type 2 diabetes are obese. 30% or more of adults with type 2 diabetes are overweight. 15% - 20% are normal weight. Research from iBG Star Blood Glucose monitoring system – hardware device which plugs into your apple device which contains a finger lance/stick and meter which connects to monitoring software on the phone. Measures blood sugar, insulin doses, & carb intake. Sharable with family or healthcare team. “The A1C measures the percentage of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in the blood. Hemoglobin is found in red blood cells. It’s a protein that carries oxygen from the lungs to all the cells. When blood sugar levels are not controlled, too much glucose ends up in the bloodstream. The extra glucose links up with (or “glycates”) the hemoglobin. The more glucose, the more hemoglobin gets glycated.” Recommends monitoring first thing in the morning, before or after meals, right before bed, & the middle of the night. Research from Glucose Buddy Competitive comparison chart shows that only Glucose Buddy and Diabetes Pilot apps have all of these features: Meds entry, Graphing, Food entry, Exercise entry, Desktop/Web sync, © Copyright Tressa Randolph 2014
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RESEARCH NOTES Desktop graphing, Desktop analysis, Other competitors include Diabetes Log, Wave Sense, Islet, Diamedic, and Track 3. Research from MyNetDiary App on iTunes This app is used by over 4 million people and includes the following features: Food & carb tracking, Barcode scanner, Blood glucose tracking w/custom labels, Optional insulin tracking, Medication tracking w/built-in common med library, Exercise tracking, Water intake tracking, A1C, LDL, HDL, & BP tracking, Food time tracking, Custom tracking, Daily & weekly overviews & analysis tool Report e-mails, Charts. Research from iHealth Another hardware tracking device, this one connects to your iPhone or android device via Bluetooth. It requires a brand-specific set of testing strips and the purchase of the Bluetooth hardware device – the app itself is free and has the ability to automatically track the following: View glucose trends over time, Set test and medication reminders, Track test strip quantity and expiration date Share data w/healthcare provider. Š Copyright Tressa Randolph 2014
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CITATIONS “Diabetes Tracker.” Diabetes UK Tracker. Google Play Store, n.d. Web. 28 July. 2014. <https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com. zone.diabetesuk>. “Diabetes Tracker.” Diabetes Tracker. Google Play Store, n.d. Web. 28 July. 2014. <https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=migi. app.diabetes>. “Glucose Buddy.” Glucose Buddy : Diabetes Log. Google Play Store, n.d. Web. 28 July. 2014. <https://play.google.com/store/apps/ details?id=com.skyhealth.glucosebuddyfree>. “On Track Diabetes.” OnTrack Diabetes. Google Play Store, n.d. Web. 28 July. 2014. <https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com. gexperts.ontrack>. “Diabetes Journal.” Diabetes Journal. Google Play Store, n.d. Web. 28 July. 2014. <https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com. suderman.diabeteslog>. “Diabetes Companion.” Diabetes Companion by MySugr. Google Play Store, n.d. Web. 28 July. 2014. <https://play. google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.mysugr.android.companion>. “Diabetes Connect.” Diabetes Connect. Google Play Store, n.d. Web. 28 July. 2014. <https://play.google.com/ store/apps/details?id=com.squaremed.diabetesconnect.android>. “Diabetes Plus.” Diabetes Plus. Google Play Store, n.d. Web. 28 July. 2014. <https://play.google.com/ store/apps/details?id=com.squaremed.diabetesplus.typ1>. “Diabetes - Glucose Buddy.” Diabetes - Glucose Buddy. Google Play Store, n.d. Web. 28 July. 2014. <https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.szyk.diabetes>. “Glooko.” Glooko. Google Play Store, n.d. Web. 28 July. 2014. <https://play.google.com/s tore/apps/details?id=com.glooko.logbook>. Public Domain Stock Photography <http://www.publicdomainpictures.net/>. <http://www.morguefile.com/archive/#/?q=doctor>. <http://www.morguefile.com/archive/#/?q=woman>.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY D’Agustino, Gabriella. “This Week Made Real.” Continuum Design Trends Category. Continuum LLC, 23 July 2014. Web. 23 July. 2014. <http://continuuminnovation.com/category/design-trends/>. “Design Business: Industry Trends & Advice for the Business of Design.” HOW Design. The Creative Group, 5 Sept. 2013. Web. 23 July. 2014. <http://www.howdesign.com/design-business/business-issues/>. “Diabetes - Glucose Buddy.” Diabetes - Glucose Buddy. Google Play Store. Web. 28 July. 2014. <https://play.google.com/store/apps/ details?id=com.szyk.diabetes>. “Diabetes App Lite - Blood Sugar Control, Glucose Tracker and Carb Counter.” App Store. Apple. Web. 23 July. 2014. <https://itunes. apple.com/us/app/diabetes-app-lite-blood-sugar/id387337850?mt=8>. “Diabetes Companion.” Diabetes Companion by MySugr. Google Play Store. Web. 28 July. 2014. <https://play.google.com/store/apps/ details?id=com.mysugr.android.companion>. “Diabetes Connect.” Diabetes Connect. Google Play Store. Web. 28 July. 2014. <https://play.google.com/store/apps/ details?id=com.squaremed.diabetesconnect.android>. “Diabetes In Check.” App Store. Apple. Web. 23 July. 2014. <https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/diabetes-in check/id578255659?mt=8>. “Diabetes Journal.” Diabetes Journal. Google Play Store. Web. 28 July. 2014. <https://play.google.com/ store/apps/details?id=com.suderman.diabeteslog>. “Diabetes Plus.” Diabetes Plus. Google Play Store. Web. 28 July. 2014. <https://play.google.com/ store/apps/details?id=com.squaremed.diabetesplus.typ1>. “Diabetes Plus.” Diabetes Plus. Google Play Store. Web. 28 July. 2014. <https://play.google. com/store/apps/details?id=com.squaremed.diabetesplus.typ1>. “Diabetes Tracker.” Diabetes Tracker. Google Play Store. Web. 28 July. 2014. <https://play. google.com/store/apps/details?id=migi.app.diabetes>. “Diabetes Tracker.” Diabetes UK Tracker. Google Play Store. Web. 28 July. 2014. <https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.zone.diabetesuk>.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY “Diabetes Tracker with Blood Glucose/Carb Log by MyNetDiary.” App Store. My NetDiary Inc. Web. 23 July. 2014. <https://itunes.apple. com/us/app/diabetes-tracker-by-mynetdiary/id541478695?mt=8>. “Diabetes (Type 1 and Type 2) Symptoms, Causes, Treatment - What Is Diabetes? - MedicineNet.” MedicineNet. Ed. Melissa Conrad Stoppler and William C. Sheil Jr. MedicineNet, 6 Dec. 2014. Web. 23 July. 2014. <http://www.medicinenet.com/diabetes_mellitus/ page2.htm>. “Diabetic Connect.” Diabetic Connect. Alliance Health, 2013. Web. 23 July. 2014. <http://www.diabeticconnect.com/diabetes-information articles/treatment-and-care>. “Disease Information.” Benaroya Research Institute Type 1 Diabetes. Virginia Mason, 2014. Web. 23 July. 2014. <https://www. benaroyaresearch.org/what-is-bri/disease-information/type-1-diabetes#.U9AWGvldV8E>. Division of Diabetes Translation. “Diabetes Research and Statistics.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 16 Feb. 2012. Web. 14 Sept. 2014. <http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/consumer/research.htm>. Freeman, Kate. “Monitor Your Diabetes Using These Digital Tools.” Mashable. Mashable, 17 Nov. 2012. Web. 14 Sept. 2014. <http://mashable.com/2012/11/17/monitor-diabetes-digital-tools/>. “Glooko.” App Store. Apple. Web. 23 July. 2014. <https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/glooko-logbook diabetes-take/id471942748?mt=8>. “Glooko.” Glooko. Google Play Store. Web. 28 July. 2014. <https://play.google.com/store/apps/ details?id=com.glooko.logbook>. “Glucometer.” IHealth Glucometer. IHealth. Web. 23 July. 2014. <http%3A%2F%2Fwww. ihealthlabs.com%2Fglucometer%2F>. “Glucose Buddy - Diabetes Logbook Manager W/syncing, Blood Pressure, Weight Tracking.” App Store. Apple. Web. 23 July. 2014. <https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/ glucose-buddy-diabetes-logbook/id294754639?mt=8>. “Glucose Buddy.” Glucose Buddy : Diabetes Log. Google Play Store. Web. 28 July. 2014. <https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.skyhealth. glucosebuddyfree>.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Heiting, Gary. “How Your Vision Changes as You Age.” All About Vision. All Access Media Group, May 2014. Web. 14 Sept. 2014. <http:// www.allaboutvision.com/over60/vision-changes.htm>. Huang, Albert S., M.D, Anirban Basu, PHD, Michael O’Grady, PHD, and James C. Capretta, MA. “Diabetes Care.” Projecting the Future Diabetes Population Size and Related Costs for the U.S. American Diabetes Association, 12 Aug. 2009. Web. 23 July. 2014. <http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/32/12/2225.full>. “IBGStar | Blood Glucose Meter for IPhone & IPod Touch.” IBGStar | Blood Glucose Meter for IPhone & IPod Touch. IBGStar. Web. 14 Sept. 2014. <http://www.ibgstar.us/default.aspx?aspxerrorpath=/buy-now/default.aspx#section=price>. Langer, Analysis By Gary. “POLL: What Americans Eat for Breakfast.” ABC News. ABC News Network, 17 May. 2005. Web. 14 Sept. 2014. <http://abcnews.go.com/GMA/PollVault/story?id=762685>. Lones, Shaylie. “Next Generations of Diabetes Wearables.” Diabetic Connect. Alliance Health, 2013. Web. 23 July. 2014. <http:// www.diabeticconnect.com/diabetes-information-articles/general/1032-next-generations-of-diabetes-wearables>. “National Diabetes InformationClearinghouse (NDIC).” DCCT and EDIC: The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial and Follow-up Study. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 21 Nov. 2013. Web. 23 July. 2014. <http://diabetes.niddk.nih.gov/dm/pubs/control/>. O’Connor, Anahad. “Diabetes and the Obesity Paradox.” Well Diabetes and the Obesity Paradox Comments. The New York Times, 8 Aug. 2012. Web. 23 July. 2014. <http://well.blogs.nytimes. com/2012/08/08/diabetes-and-the-obesity-paradox/?_php=true&_type=blogs&_r=0>. “On Track Diabetes.” OnTrack Diabetes. Google Play Store. Web. 28 July. 2014. <https://play. google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.gexperts.ontrack>. Parviz, Babak, and Desney Tan. “Microsoft Research Connections.” Painless Glucose Monitoring for Diabetes. Microsoft Research Connections, 2012. Web. 30 July. 2014. <http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/researchconnections/science/stories/functional lens.aspx>. “WebMD Diabetes Center: Types, Causes, Symptoms, Tests, and Treatments.” WebMD. WebMD, 2005-2014. Web. 23 July. 2014. <http://www.webmd.com/ diabetes/>.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Zachs, David. “Why Does Eyesight Deteriorate with Age?” Scientific American Global RSS. Scientific American, 9 Jan. 2006. Web. 23 July. 2014. <http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-does-eyesight-deterio/>. Image Research <http://www.diabetesbluecircle.org/>. <https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQCGY21x79XqtbEiskHDXss4keViI0IRpso_MgIcUovp8EMx_-FFRH-EfR_>. <http://www.cbchs.org.au/files/nrteUploadFiles/302F102F201293A423A45AM.jpg>. <http://exploringdiseases.wikispaces.com/file/view/diabetes-symptoms.jpeg/159856951/diabetes-symptoms.jpeg>. <http://www.diabetesxhelp.com/images/diabetes-treatment-10-20-2013.jpg>. <http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2007/08/01/health/adam/19212.jpg>. <http://doctormurray.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/type-2-diabetes.jpg>. <http://strictlynononsense.com/acediets/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Type-2-Diabetes.jpg>. <https://c2c476bb6ef038abb8b6-ab5c6310bff1587205981e56ac38a65f.ssl.cf1.rackcdn.com/wpcontent/uploads/2012/12/Risk-Factors-Diabetes-700x395.jpg>. <http://static.melk.no/sitefiles/site6/files/artimg/diabetes-type-1-og-216.jpg>. <http://static.melk.no/sitefiles/site6/files/artimg/diabetes-type-1-og-216.jpg>. <http://www.canadianpharmacymeds.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/ aboutdiabetes1_600x450.jpg>. <https://www.southboromedical.com/images/diabetes2013.jpg>. <https://encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQC3l0yigd6_ BXuaffo7e9HDpwFxNxru0y5uBfoj8Wy-4mxrqfl>. <http://trainerisa.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Diabetes6.jpg>.
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