Still with Selfridges by Oli Southall

Group Report 1

Amy Marsh, Alice Martin, Georgia Nation, Jessica McEwan, Amy Mistry, Oli Southall & Drew Manley | FAS4035

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CONTENTS PAGE

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Key Driver 1: Social Pariah Impacts & Consequences

04 Future Proofing 05

Key Driver 2: Ominous Childhood Impacts & Consequences

07 08 Future Proofing

09| Key Driver 3: The Gaia Hypothesis 12|

10 Impacts & Consequences 11 Future Proofing

Key Driver 4: Biophilia Impacts & Consequences

13 14 Future Proofing

15 18 19 20 26 29 31 32 33 37 40 42 43

Consumer Values & Needs Creative Strategy

Windows In-Store Initiatives

Fixtures Outreach Initiatives Floor Plan Online Social Media

Upcoming Brands Exclusive Products

Film

References

Amy Marsh, Alice Martin, Georgia Nation, Jessica McEwan, Amy Mistry, Oli Southall & Drew Manley | FAS4035

Throughout the 1980’s Portugal faced an opioid epidemic where crime rates rapidly increased. After many challenges, two decades later, the situation developed and the use of narcotics were decriminalized. Instead of heavy prison sentences, referrals to social workers and rehabilitation counsellors quickly were able to drop rates dramatically (Main 2018, p.25).

SOCIAL PARIAH

Social with Selfridges. 1

Amy Marsh, Alice Martin, Georgia Nation, Jessica McEwan, Amy Mistry, Oli Southall & Drew Manley | FAS4035

IMPACTS & CONSEQUENCES

The rise of homelessness and vulnerability within our cities has increased to 169%. With 320,00 people falling victim to homelessness in Britian (BBC News, 2018). Deaths related to drug misuse are currently at there highest comparable level, since 1993 (NHS Report, 2018). This issue needs to be tackled. Embracing nature will benefit the mental well-being of people within all social circumstances, offering them a space for holistic therapy in a natural setting.

Amy Marsh, Alice Martin, Georgia Nation, Jessica McEwan, Amy Mistry, Oli Southall & Drew Manley | FAS4035

FUTURE PROOFING

Engaging in outdoor nature-based spaces has significant positive physiological and psychological health benefits (McSweeney et al 2014, p.126-139). Although the integration of nature into indoor spaces is rarely considered a healthpromoting tool, it is an effective method for increasing nature engagement in a largely urbanized world. 3

Amy Marsh, Alice Martin, Georgia Nation, Jessica McEwan, Amy Mistry, Oli Southall & Drew Manley | FAS4035

OMINOUS CHILDHOOD

Retreat with Selfridges.

The emerging theme of misinterpreted children’s television has fast become prevalent in popular culture. Old fashioned cartoons have since been exposed. They are not all that they previously seemed. Banksy’s “Dismaland” opens up our eyes to the true realities of Disney, and the more sinister underlying messages. Developing youth safety and a true experience without any subliminal messaging or secret meanings, would benefit future generations. They can simply live, happily ever after.

Amy Marsh, Alice Martin, Georgia Nation, Jessica McEwan, Amy Mistry, Oli Southall & Drew Manley | FAS4035

IMPACTS & CONSEQUENCES

Due to this form of overexposure and digitalisation, on average children are 12 when they receive their first mobile phone (Growing Wireless, 2019). Among children 8 years of age and younger, 21 percent use smart-phones. This allows children access to unfiltered, carefully curated and unsuitable information compared to their age. A study found that 43 percent of teens, ages 13 to 17, report being a victim of “cyberbullying” in the past year.

5 Amy Marsh, Alice Martin, Georgia Nation, Jessica McEwan, Amy Mistry, Oli Southall & Drew Manley | FAS4035

FUTURE PROOFING

The Still with Selfridges concept will provide a solution to the over digitalisation and teach us once again how to be at one with nature itself. In our developing world of mass urbanisation, nature is becoming less and less important to society but instead of living to destroy it, we could learn to connect with nature the same way we connect with technology. Generation I are growing up solely knowing a complex technological world, this concept would show them the power of our planet.

Amy Marsh, Alice Martin, Georgia Nation, Jessica McEwan, Amy Mistry, Oli Southall & Drew Manley | FAS4035

GAIA HYPOTHESIS

GAIA with Selfridges. >

Gaia is the theory that the earth is a self-regulating system. Deriving from Greek mythology, Gaia, is a complex and beautiful system that should be appreciated and admired. The evolving Gaia interacts with its inorganic surroundings. James Lovelock, the theorist behind the Gaia Hypothesis (1995), uses what he calls a Gaia spot. This is a space within nature where he sits every day to be still and calm within his natural surroundings. He has had the same one for 27 years.

9 Amy Marsh, Alice Martin, Georgia Nation, Jessica McEwan, Amy Mistry, Oli Southall & Drew Manley | FAS4035

IMPACTS & CONSEQUENCES

Living without Gaia in large concrete cities can become lonely, according to a ComRes survey 52% of city dwellers feel this way. But ‘you are never alone when you are at one with nature’. The BBC conducted a ’30 days wild’ campaign where people were challenged to do 30 activities within nature for 30 days to see if this improved their overall happiness and wellbeing. The results were “beyond brilliant” (Lucy McRobert , 2018) showing a positive change.

11 10 Amy Marsh, Alice Martin, Georgia Nation, Jessica McEwan, Amy Mistry, Oli Southall & Drew Manley | FAS4035

FUTURE PROOFING

When thinking ahead to the future, nature needs to be embraced by everyone, allowing a space for appreciation. Gaia spots need to be incorporated into cities, providing consumers with a place to disconnect, and absorb their natural surroundings. An escape to immerse in mindful meditation, closely linked the natural world.

12 Amy Marsh, Alice Martin, Georgia Nation, Jessica McEwan, Amy Mistry, Oli Southall & Drew Manley | FAS4035

Natural with Selfridges.

BIOPHILIA

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bio . philia

[bio-phil-ia] (n.) an innate and genetically determined affinity of human beings with the natural world. (E.O. Wilson, 1984)

The biophilia hypothesis explores the innate tendency for humans to seek real connections with nature (Edward Wilson, 1984). Since theorised, it has been proven to have positive impacts upon the well-being of society, enabling a reconnection with other forms of life. A study conducted by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) found that 93% of American consumers spend time inside, often away from natural light.

This has large impacts on mental health illnesses linked to stress. Kenneth Wright discovered that exposure to sunlight helps calibrate the body’s circadian ‘clock’, regulating our mood, thus releasing stress effectively (Markham Heid, TIME, 2019). So what if consumers could simultaneously be connected with nature as well as being in a retail space? Biophilic design celebrates this bringing the outside, in.

Amy Marsh, Alice Martin, Georgia Nation, Jessica McEwan, Amy Mistry, Oli Southall & Drew Manley | FAS4035

IMPACTS AND CONSEQUENCES

During a featured TED Talk, architect Amanda Sturgeon posed the question, “why have we been passively accepting buildings that disconnect us from nature?”(TedMed, 2019). Currently, 47% of global office workers have no access to natural light within their workspace (greenplantsforgreenbuiling, 2019). Interestingly, a further 47% of those within the sample agreed that they had felt stressed within their workplace. This could link directly to those whom work or spend time in large retail spaces, such as Selfridges.

However, recent studies have highlighted the positive impacts biophilic design has had in cross-sector areas. By adding a window in a hospital room, patients reduced their requirement for pain medication. This underpins the holistic medicinal values of the outdoors. In the education sector, exam scores increased by 25% in classrooms that were well ventilated and let in natural daylight. Furthermore, a study conducted in the city of Portland showed that violent crimes in neighbourhoods decreased significantly in correlation with increase of tree size and density (A. Sturgeon, TedMed, 2019).

Amy Marsh, Alice Martin, Georgia Nation, Jessica McEwan, Amy Mistry, Oli Southall & Drew Manley | FAS4035

FUTURE PROOFING

Globally, consumers are moving away from rural areas to towns and cities. The UN predicts that by 2030, 60% of the worlds population will live in urban environments (Human Spaces, 2019). This demonstrates the importance of bringing biophilic design into our cities, to provide a pause for appreciation of the natural world. 17

In reference to retail spaces, brands need to be implementing these values into brick-and-mortar spaces to generate an understanding to consumers upon the importance of the biphilia hypothesis. This can be done through adding ‘living walls’ throughout stores to purify the air and increases productivity among consumers. Also, creating large open spaces to allow natural night in to the indoor environment.

Amy Marsh, Alice Martin, Georgia Nation, Jessica McEwan, Amy Mistry, Oli Southall & Drew Manley | FAS4035

CONSUMER VALUES & NEEDS

“Which of the following are most important to you when shopping in a department store?” In-store product displays Exclusive products

Frequently updated brands

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Areas to test new products 21

Product demonstrations

Consistent services (eg opticians)

Frequently updated services (eg restaurants)

In-store events (eg workshops, fitness

Family entertainment

classes)

None of these

Figure 20: Data taken from Lightspeed/Mintel Base: *1,274 internet users aged 16+ who have shopped in a department store in the last 12 months 19

Amy Marsh, Alice Martin, Georgia Nation, Jessica McEwan, Amy Mistry, Oli Southall & Drew Manley | FAS4035

CONSUMER VALUES & NEEDS

According to the 2018 Department Store Report from Mintel, 28% of consumers regard themselves as ‘Experience Seekers’. This consumer tribe tend to be older in age, aligning with their desire for advice and positive perceptions of department retailers, such as Selfridges (Mintel, 2018).

more likely to be Experience Seekers, correlating with the idea that these shoppers are less price-sensitive. (Mintel, 2018). (Acorn Classification, 2018).

From the data shown, consumers rely heavily on instore product displays when shopping in department stores, as well exclusive Consumers who fall into the products. Therefore, these ‘wealthy achievers’ category of considerations will be bought the Acorn Classification (A-C), forward into the concept. consider their current financial situation as healthy are also

Amy Marsh, Alice Martin, Georgia Nation, Jessica McEwan, Amy Mistry, Oli Southall & Drew Manley | FAS4035

CONSUMER VALUES & NEEDS

The Indigenous Biophilics are a tribe of millennials aged between 27-37 years old, who place the natural world at the forefront of their lives. Their awareness around there surroundings, both social, political or environmental is high and they place a conscious priority on fulfilling an eco-friendly lifestyle. The Living Planet Report 2018 suggests that only 25 percent of the planet’s land is free from human impact, a concerning statistic for the Indigenous. This consumer tribe cannot escape their instinctive sense of putting safety and security first (Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, 1943), and within these needs require a sense of place and belonging.

The Indigenous Biophilics

Amy Marsh, Alice Martin, Georgia Nation, Jessica McEwan, Amy Mistry, Oli Southall & Drew Manley | FAS4035

CREATIVE STRATEGY

Be STILL with Selfridges.

With an increasingly urbanised world, many of us do not have access to the wonders of nature and all it has to offer. Society is constantly surrounded with the pressures of everyday life and our own independent struggles, be that mental well-being, monetary or social stigmas. Our cities are in a state of crisis with homelessness falling victim to 320,000 people in Britain (BBC News, 2018). Addiction among adults is still prevalent. Deaths related to drug misuse are currently at there highest comparable level, since 1993 (NHS Report, 2018). Due to this, disparity amongst social settings has formed, disconnecting people from their own reality.

However, Edward Wilson theorised that humans possess an innate tendency to seek connections with nature, and that it can bring harmony to all; biophilia. Imagine a place where everyone can feel connected through their appreciation of the natural world. Inspired by the research of vulnerability, STILL with Selfridges imagines a space of reflection, peace and acceptance to all.

Together with the global economy, came a sense of placeless-ness. Retail spaces have become a commodity; an expression of who we are or the place they are built in. They no longer embrace nature.

A pause point. Let’s bring the outside, in.

A languorous atmosphere, calm and still. A place to re-engage your senses and explore the aroma of fresh greenery. A place that embraces natural light instead of shutting it out. Your own Gaia spot amongst the busyness of city life.

Be STILL with Selfridges.

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WINDOW DISPLAYS

Window displays could be the visual identity of the concept, placing Selfridges, as a retailer, at the centre of this installation. Tomas Saraceno’s installation ‘Biospheres’, combines interesting circular structures with nature. This ecosystem works like a floating garden. This encourages consumers to imagine Saraceno’s floating gardens in industrial cities, hovering on the skyline and therefore making nature accessible in places they previously had not. In reference to the Selfridges strategy, this encompasses the concept.

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Amy Marsh, Alice Martin, Georgia Nation, Jessica McEwan, Amy Mistry, Oli Southall & Drew Manley | FAS4035

INSTORE INITIATIVES

In-store initiatives could be immersive, bringing digitalised representations of nature alongside the physical. Hanging individual head pods throughout the store offers a personalised and immersive experience to Selfridges customers. This could be accessible to consumers within different departments, allowing them a space to disconnect and experience something innovative. Sounds of the rainforest and a cooling temperature inside add to this sensory experience making it more atmospheric.

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Amy Marsh, Alice Martin, Georgia Nation, Jessica McEwan, Amy Mistry, Oli Southall & Drew Manley | FAS4035

INSTORE INITIATIVES

Vaughn Bell’s installation series, ‘One Big House’ could be implemented around the store as physical and real expressions of nature. Three people can simultaneously experience the landscape at eye-level by placing their heads within the terrariumlike structure, and they are invited to help water and care for the biosphere. This in store experience adds educational value to the scheme, and small workshops could be set up in the store where customers are encouraged to make their own terrarium, for their Gaia spot.

34 Amy Marsh, Alice Martin, Georgia Nation, Jessica McEwan, Amy Mistry, Oli Southall & Drew Manley | FAS4035

INSTORE INITIATIVES

Mannequins in-store could be a metaphorical way of representing the concept of bringing humans and nature together in a retail setting. Johnson Tsang’s sculptures depict the powerfulness of nature, and how it can heal mental well-being, and sooth the mind. Amy Marsh, Alice Martin, Georgia Nation, Jessica McEwan, Amy Mistry, Oli Southall & Drew Manley | FAS4035

INSTORE INITIATIVES

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Bringing in the sunlight; allowing the natural world to grow without any limitations. Generating the connection between humans and nature building a healthy long-lasting relationship. Selfridges could grow a connection through their customer experience, as well as appreciating nature at the door of their shopping experience.

Amy Marsh, Alice Martin, Georgia Nation, Jessica McEwan, Amy Mistry, Oli Southall & Drew Manley | FAS4035

INSTORE INITIATIVES

Living wall systems would add a renewable and aesthetically pleasing splash of life and colour. The benefits of the wall would not only be for the customers and experience seekers but for the employees within the store as well. -Purifying the air within the store -Reducing the ambient temperature -Reducing inside and outside ambient noise -Increasing productivity And -Offering a healing environment

Bringing the outside in. 44

Amy Marsh, Alice Martin, Georgia Nation, Jessica McEwan, Amy Mistry, Oli Southall & Drew Manley | FAS4035

INSTORE INITIATIVES

Amy Marsh, Alice Martin, Georgia Nation, Jessica McEwan, Amy Mistry, Oli Southall & Drew Manley | FAS4035

Natural products with a natural background.

FIXTURES

Merging product with nature.

48 Amy Marsh, Alice Martin, Georgia Nation, Jessica McEwan, Amy Mistry, Oli Southall & Drew Manley | FAS4035

Recycled concrete made using dry aggregate could form these installation structures. Sculptural artist, Jamie North’s ‘Terraforms’ pair man-made materials alongside plants to create textures that emulate nature breaking through the concrete. ‘Terraforming’ refers to the deliberate manipulation of an environment to make it capable of sustaining life. This is a powerful message and relates to concept of all social circumstances coming together to appreciate nature through the Gaia hypothesis, and biophilic design.

FIXTURES

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Amy Marsh, Alice Martin, Georgia Nation, Jessica McEwan, Amy Mistry, Oli Southall & Drew Manley | FAS4035

Using mirrored materials throughout the store to emulate both the openness and transparency of Selfridges brand values to their consumers. This an emerging trend in for retail brands.

FIXTURES

Imagine being led on a journey through the store from installation to fixture. Mirrored floor panelling, reflecting nature from above, carving a forest trail from department.

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OUTREACH INITIATIVES

In order to make the scheme accessible to all, ‘STILL with Selfridges’ pods could be placed around our cities as part of an outreach initiative. Some could be singular, a space for self-reflection and disconnect.

Amy Marsh, Alice Martin, Georgia Nation, Jessica McEwan, Amy Mistry, Oli Southall & Drew Manley | FAS4035

OUTREACH INITIATIVES

Designed and crafted by members of the London practice Studio Kyson, this structure utilises reflective glass and textured materials, such as charred timber, to create a glass box structure that disappears and blends into its environment. Other areas could have large structures where consumers can form their own communities and share their appreciation of the natural world; their own Gaia spot among the busyness.

Amy Marsh, Alice Martin, Georgia Nation, Jessica McEwan, Amy Mistry, Oli Southall & Drew Manley | FAS4035

TILLS FOLIAGE WALL HANGING/SUSPENDED RAILS CHANGING PODS TABLE DISPLAY (HEIGHT INTEREST)

BASIC/MISC. MERCH

BASIC/MISC. MERCH EXCLUSICE MERCH

COLLABS/UPCOMING BRANDS SAFE PODS

EXHIBITION SPACE

FLOOR PLAN

FOURWAY - TEE ARMS

Alice to create a floor plan and illustrator to make visualisations of the pod boxes CONSUMER QUESTION MARK SIGHTLINE

SIGHTLINE

PATHWAY

SIGHTLINE

EXPERIENCE SPACE SAFE WITH SELFRIDGES LANDING STRIP/ENTERANCE MAT

WINDOW DISPLAY WINDOW

Amy Marsh, Alice Martin, Georgia Nation, Jessica McEwan, Amy Mistry, Oli Southall & Drew Manley | FAS4035

Online, a separate menu section could be added which takes consumers to their own virtual Gaia spot.

A space to listen.

Be educated. Share experiences.

ONLINE

And to be STILL.

Amy Marsh, Alice Martin, Georgia Nation, Jessica McEwan, Amy Mistry, Oli Southall & Drew Manley | FAS4035

“ The smartphone camera has become the primary way content is shared on social media.” - Mark Flowers, Research Analyst, Mintel, 2018 A study conducted at business schools in Italy and media, targeted at 25 - 39 year old concluded that France experimented the affects of students to not the most common uses were: have their smartphones for 24 hours. - ‘Only go on my socials when I’m having a 5 minute sit down, travel or posting my location when The affects found were: its a planned day out.’ - Degree of anxiety - Withdrawal (addiction) - ‘When I’m with my friends or family my phone is only used for selfies or receiving emergency calls.’ To prevent anxiety: - Take time out for yourself - Anxiety journal - ‘Posting a location when: holidays, events, days - Less hectic routines/activities. out, something interesting’

SOCIAL MEDIA

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‘STILL with Selfridges’ pods gives a sense of - ‘Remember memories more so in the mind rather relaxation, break-free and exit from technology to than showing everyone else via social media. allow the brain to have a break. This creates a sense Except the odd selfie with hashtags.’ of peace and nature; a more calming atmosphere. - ‘Wouldn’t be bothered to post multiple photos with the same outfits on different occasions’ Primary research also furthered this, as a general talk survey about the use of phones and social

Amy Marsh, Alice Martin, Georgia Nation, Jessica McEwan, Amy Mistry, Oli Southall & Drew Manley | FAS4035

SOCIAL MEDIA

Selfridges currently has 921,000 followers on Instagram, making it a vital way of communicating with their consumers (Instagram, 2019). Experience Seekers can upload Gaia spots found around their cities through the hashtag STILL with Selfridges . The Instagram page will share the locations of the tagged areas, to create a virtual, shareable map of Gaia spots near you.

Amy Marsh, Alice Martin, Georgia Nation, Jessica McEwan, Amy Mistry, Oli Southall & Drew Manley | FAS4035

CAMPAIGN INITIATIVES

Partnering with the Woodland Trust would allow consumers direct access to nature, and featured trails or educational schemes. Currently, the trust are in great support of encouraging society to purchase areas of land, both to protect wildlife and their habitats (The Woodland Trust, 2019). Selfridges customers may wish to purchase areas of land, and practice this space as their own Gaia spot.

Amy Marsh, Alice Martin, Georgia Nation, Jessica McEwan, Amy Mistry, Oli Southall & Drew Manley | FAS4035

CAMPAIGN INITIATIVES

Alongside this initiative, consumers would also be encouraged to attend workshops whereby they can make their own Zen Garden, emulating similarities of the instore installations by Vaughn Bell. This adds both customer experience, as well as a personalised Zen space to take away.

Amy Marsh, Alice Martin, Georgia Nation, Jessica McEwan, Amy Mistry, Oli Southall & Drew Manley | FAS4035

UPCOMING BRANDS

Dr Bach developed in the 1930’s a series of essences. He by believed in the positive potential of the plants, taking a holistic approach to achieve emotional balance. The system is designed so that the essences can be tailored to meet each person’s individual needs, promoting good health and emotional harmony. 38 flower essences corresponding to specific emotions. In the Selfridges’ beauty department, an expert could help you find your personal essences and create your own STILL with Selfridges elixir.

Bach Remedies

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UPCOMING BRANDS

Plant Faced

A plant-based, cruelty-free lifestyle brand, that merchandises apparel for street and casual wear. The retailer produces clothing that doesn’t harm the Earth, and is 100% ethical and cruelty-free make clothing that doesn’t hurt the earth. PlantFaced embraces the powers of natural processes, presenting consumers with new and exciting alternatives.

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UPCOMING BRANDS

Paired with the concept, Selfridges could retail books to their consumers to educate them on both the Gaia theory, and biophilic design and teach customers how to incorporate these practices in their everyday lives. This will aid mental well-being and productivity.

Amy Marsh, Alice Martin, Georgia Nation, Jessica McEwan, Amy Mistry, Oli Southall & Drew Manley | FAS4035

EXCLUSIVE PRODUCTS

Using eco-friendly brand Plant Face who are “100% ethical and cruelty-free” and their blank products, customers can help protect the planet by purchasing the exclusive Selfridges product. Chilly’s brand goal is to create the perfect product for everyday reuse. As a result of such a well-made bottle, the consumers would prefer the Chilly’s bottle to plastic bottles thus reducing waste. Amy Marsh, Alice Martin, Georgia Nation, Jessica McEwan, Amy Mistry, Oli Southall & Drew Manley | FAS4035

EXCLUSIVE PRODUCTS

Muji aroma diffuser to help create personal Gaia spot through the sensory experience of smell. Zero waste bali bamboo disposable toothbrush with soap would also be featured as part of the basics collection, retailed a lower price enabling the products to be accessible to all consumers. Cuts from every product sales will go to accompanying charities helping our homelessness crisis in Britain and our national environmental issues through the Woodland Trust.

Amy Marsh, Alice Martin, Georgia Nation, Jessica McEwan, Amy Mistry, Oli Southall & Drew Manley | FAS4035

FILM

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Amy Marsh, Alice Martin, Georgia Nation, Jessica McEwan, Amy Mistry, Oli Southall & Drew Manley | FAS4035

REFERENCES

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Vostanis, P., et. al. (2001), “Mental health problems and social supports among homeless mothers and children victims of domestic and community violence,”International Journal of Social Psychology, Vol. 47, pp. 30-40. YouTube. (2019). Using biophilic design to heal body, mind, and soul. [online] Available at: https:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=uAmbZCtNC9U [Accessed 29 May 2019]. Images: 1 Widewalls. (2019). Banksy - If We Wash Our Hands. [online] Available at: https://www.widewalls. ch/murals/banksy-if-we-wash-our-hands/ [Accessed 27 May 2019]. 2 Twitter.com. (2019). Twitter. [online] Available at: https://twitter.com/els76uk/status/636123526416728064 [Accessed 29 May 2019]. 3 Instagram. (2019). ZIO AND SONS on Instagram: “inspired by Renoir 🌿 [ a behind the scenes look from our @cartier shoot today with @annstreetstudio - prop styling by Zio & Sons -…”. [online] Available at: https://www.instagram.com/p/-NcTD6GBnm/ [Accessed 29 May 2019]. 4 Flickr. (2019). l+s_1. [online] Available at: https:// www.flickr.com/photos/7324500@N07/6031278572/ in/photostream [Accessed 27 May 2019].

Amy Marsh, Alice Martin, Georgia Nation, Jessica McEwan, Amy Mistry, Oli Southall & Drew Manley | FAS4035

5 Dazed. (2019). Three years on, we look at the strange legacy of Banksy’s Dismaland. [online] Available at: http://www.dazeddigital.com/art-photography/article/41049/1/three-years-legacy-of-banksy-dismaland-weston-super-mare-england-tropicana [Accessed 29 May 2019]. 6 imgfave. (2019). [online] Available at: http://imgfave.com/shuttingdown?sredirect=1 [Accessed 29 May 2019]. 7 None Available 8 UNKNOWN 9 Full Dose. (2019). Beautiful and Innovative Sculpture - Love the Idea | Full Dose. [online] Available at: http://www.fulldose.net/beautiful-and-innovative-sculpture-love-the-idea/ [Accessed 19 May 2019].

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line] Available at: https://www.instagram.com/p/ BaKZx9rhg74/?taken-by=gardenonthewallllc [Accessed 15 May 2019].

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15 Frame Publishers. (2019). Oliver Heath uses biophilic design to improve workspaces. [online] Available at: https://www.frameweb.com/news/nature-knows-best-oliver-heath-on-biophilic-design [Accessed 29 May 2019].

23 Véronique Pêcheux. (2019). Véronique Pêcheux | photographe. [online] Available at: http://www.veroniquepecheux.com [Accessed 29 May 2019].

16 Dornob.com. (2019). Willow House: Singapore Oasis Brings the Outdoors In. [online] Available at: https://dornob.com/willow-house-singapore-oasisbrings-the-outdoors-in/ [Accessed 29 May 2019].

24 Junk-culture.com. (2019). Designer Creates Natural Fake Eyelashes Using Foliage Found in a Local Forest | Junkculture. [online] Available at: http://www.junk-culture.com/2015/07/designer-creates-natural-fake-eyelashes.html [Accessed 29 May 2019].

17 Designcurial.com. (2019). Focus: Biophilia DesignCurial. [online] Available at: http://www. designcurial.com/news/focus-biophilia-6094727 [Accessed 29 May 2019].

25 Gah, L. (2019). blog. [online] Lisa Says Gah. Available at: https://lisasaysgah.com/blogs/blog?utm_ medium=Social&utm_source=Pinterest [Accessed 29 May 2019].

10&11 – Author’s Own Images

18 BreakPR. (2019). 25 Gorgeous Outdoor Living Wall Ideas for Inspiration — BreakPR. [online] Avail12 AnOther. (2019). Vertical Garden. [online] Availa- able at: https://breakpr.com/top/25-gorgeous-outble at: https://origin.anothermag.com/fashion-beau- door-living-wall-ideas-for-inspiration/ [Accessed 29 ty/2589/vertical-garden [Accessed 29 May 2019]. May 2019]. 13 None Avaliable 14 Instagram. (2019). Garden on the Wall on Instagram: “Sneak preview of The Art of Preserved Nature® installed at the new PwC office in New York City 🌿 We love being a part of your day 🍃…”. [on-

19 Author’s Own Edit 20 Author’s Own with data as listed

26 Beautifulbizarre-net.exactdn.com. (2019). [online] Available at: https://beautifulbizarre-net.exactdn. com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Johnson-Tsang_ Gaia-Reborn.jpg?strip=all&ssl=1 [Accessed 10 May 2019]. 27 & 28 Yatzer. (2019). RETHINK // Can art change the climate? | Yatzer. [online] Available at: https:// www.yatzer.com/RETHINK-Can-art-change-the-climate [Accessed 26 May 2019].

21 Author’s Own with data as listed

29 Behance.net. (2019). Behance. [online] Available at: https://www.behance.net/gallery/36826995/Bio22 Selfridges.com. (2019). Designer Fashion, Accesmuseo-Panama [Accessed 15 May 2019]. Amy Marsh, Alice Martin, Georgia Nation, Jessica McEwan, Amy Mistry, Oli Southall & Drew Manley | FAS4035

30 Davidcool.com. (2019). news | :: david cool :: artist + technologist. [online] Available at: https:// davidcool.com/category/news/ [Accessed 6 May 2019].

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31 I.pinimg.com. (2019). [online] Available at: https://i.pinimg.com/originals/a2/68/b9/a268b9e811f357e129e5cc46dcceeb11.jpg [Accessed 26 May 43 Artisan Moss. (2019). Custom Moss Walls & In2019]. stallations for Commercial Spaces | Artisan Moss. [online] Available at: http://www.artisanmoss.com/ gallery-commercial/ [Accessed 27 May 2019]. 32, 33 & 34 – VAUGHN BELL. (2019). One Big House. [online] Available at: https://www.vaugh44 Author’s Own Edit nbell.net/one-big-house.html [Accessed 26 May 2019]. 45 Verticalgarden.net. (2019). [online] Available at: https://www.verticalgarden.net/blog/6-ideas-for-us35, 36 & 37 - Beautifulbizarre-net.exactdn. ing-preserved-moss-in-architecture-and-design [Accom. (2019). [online] Available at: https://beaucessed 27 May 2019]. tifulbizarre-net.exactdn.com/wp-content/upWith Author’s Own edit loads/2019/04/Johnson-Tsang_Gaia-Reborn.jpg?strip=all&ssl=1 [Accessed 10 May 2019]. 46 Homes To Love. (2019). Gallery - Industrial-Style Urban Courtyard. [online] Available at: https://www. 40 Anon, (2019). [online] Availahomestolove.com.au/gallery-industrial-style-urble at: http://www.imgspark.com/image/ ban-courtyard-1573 [Accessed 27 May 2019]. With view/4f86f3511f9221fe04002dc9/ [Accessed 27 May Authors Own edit 2019]. 47 Authors Own 41 Tumblr.com. (2019). Tumblr. [online] Available 48 Authors Own at: https://www.tumblr.com/privacy/consent?redirect=http%3A%2F%2Frelative.tumblr.com%2F49 & 50 H E P T A G R A M. (2019). H E P T A G R post%2F154699972138%2F [Accessed 27 May A M. [online] Available at: https://heptagram.co/ 2019]. post/101807745780/crooks-lovers-jamie-north-terraforms [Accessed 26 May 2019]. 42 Pervasive Intimate Experiences Spotted in the

51 Artsy.net. (2019). Tomás Saraceno | Connectome (2013) | Artsy. [online] Available at: https://www.artsy. net/artwork/tomas-saraceno-connectome [Accessed 27 May 2019]. 52 Clippingpaper. (2019). Instalation in Acrilic by Jorge Santos – Tragaluz. [online] Available at: https://clippingpaper.wordpress.com/2012/05/14/ instalation-in-acrilic-by-jorge-santos-running-river/ [Accessed 26 May 2019]. 53 I.pinimg.com. (2019). [online] Available at: https://i.pinimg.com/originals/d3/0c/04/ d30c0418e05c9b55e22a2883e538fb94.jpg [Accessed 27 May 2019]. 54 & 55 UrbaNews. (2019). Une maison habitable d’un mètre-carré ?. [online] Available at: https:// www.urbanews.fr/2012/09/27/23596-une-maisonhabitable-dun-metre-carre/ [Accessed 26 May 2019]. With Authors own edit 56 designboom | architecture & design magazine. (2019). metafizika narton café pavilion in moscow, russia. [online] Available at: https://www.designboom.com/architecture/metafizika-narton-cafe-pavilion-moscow-03-21-2017/ [Accessed 27 May 2019]. 57 Selfridges.com. (2019). Designer Fashion, Accessories & More - Shop Online at Selfridges. [online] Available at: https://www.selfridges.com/GB/en/ [Accessed 27 May 2019].

Amy Marsh, Alice Martin, Georgia Nation, Jessica McEwan, Amy Mistry, Oli Southall & Drew Manley | FAS4035

58 Apple. (2019). iPhone 8 64GB Space Gray Unlocked. [online] Available at: https://www.apple. com/shop/buy-iphone/iphone-8/4.7-inch-display64gb-space-gray-unlocked [Accessed 27 May 2019]. AllModern. (2019). Moss Hashtag Live Framed Art Wall Décor. [online] Available at: https://www.allmodern.com/decor-pillows/pdp/moss-hashtag-liveframed-art-wall-decor-brys2558.html?utm_medium=Social&utm_source=Pinterest [Accessed 27 May 2019]. 59 Jennyseddon.com. (2019). Insider’s guide to Birmingham - Jenny Seddon. [online] Available at: https://www.jennyseddon.com/Insider-s-guide-to-Birmingham [Accessed 29 May 2019].

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65 Author’s Own image 66 Myscandinavianhome.com. (2019). The ‘Green Home Book’: inspiration for plant lovers. [online] Available at: https://www.myscandinavianhome. com/2017/03/the-green-home-book-inspiration-for. html [Accessed 29 May 2019].

tal health and nature. [online] Available at: https:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=h29z-l3XTlk&t=27s [Accessed 27 May 2019]. YouTube. (2019). Relaxing Music & Soft Rain Sounds: Relaxing Piano Music, Sleep Music, Peaceful Music ★148🍀. [online] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lp6XlsBm_Lw [Accessed 27 May 2019].

67 Gardeners, P. (2019). Practical Botany for Gardeners. [online] Pistils Nursery. Available at: https:// shop.pistilsnursery.com/collections/all/products/ practical-botany-for-gardeners?utm_medium=Social&utm_source=Pinterest [Accessed 29 May 2019]. ¬

60 & 61 Jayes, P. (2019). Ten top Woodland Trust 68 Author’s Own Edit sites to see bluebells - The English Garden. [online] The English Garden. Available at: https://www.th69 Author’s Own Edit eenglishgarden.co.uk/gardens/ten-top-woodlandtrust-sites-to-see-bluebells/ [Accessed 27 May 2019]. 70 Author’s Own Edit 62 & 63 Buddha Groove. (2019). Stone Cairn Zen 71 Author’s Own Edit Garden. [online] Available at: https://www.buddhagroove.com/stone-cairn-zen-garden/?utm_medi72 Author’s Own Edit um=Social&utm_source=Pinterest [Accessed 27 May 2019]. 73 Author’s Own Edit 64 Medium. (2019). List and Indications of The Bach Flower Remedies. [online] Available at: https:// medium.com/@bachremedies/list-and-indications-of-bach-flower-remedies-f4dc9587ae56 [Accessed 27 May 2019].

74 Concept Video: Greenery Video - Authors Own (Drew Manley)

Colour Movement - Authors Own (Oli Southall) YouTube. (2019). Sir David Attenborough | MenAmy Marsh, Alice Martin, Georgia Nation, Jessica McEwan, Amy Mistry, Oli Southall & Drew Manley | FAS4035