Contents
Contents Acknowledgments
2.2.2 Self-Awareness 39
Introduction 7
2.2.3 Health 40 2.2.4 Courage 40
Chapter One: Questions, Problems,
2.2.5 Healthy Skepticism 41
and World Views
2.2.6 Autonomy 41
15
2.2.7 Simplicity 42 1.1 Intellectual Environments 15
2.2.8 Precision 42
1.2 World Views 17
2.2.9 Patience 43
1.3 Framing Language 19
2.2.10 Consistency 43
1.4 Problems 20
2.2.11 Open-ness and Open-Mindedness 43
1.5 Observation 21
2.2.12 Asking for help 44
1.6 Questions 23
2.3 A few summary remarks for Chapter Two 45
1.7 Differing World Views 25
2.4 Exercises for Chapter Two 45
1.8 Value Programs 26 1.9 World Views, Civilization, and Conflict 27
Chapter Three: Basics of
1.10 Exercise for Chapter One 28
Argumentation
Chapter Two: Habits of Go od and
3.1 Propositions 47
Bad Thinkin g
3.2 Parts of Arguments 49
33
47
3.3 Truth and Validity 50 2.1.1 Self-Interest 33
3.4 Types of Statements (Modern Logic) 50
2.1.2 Saving Face 34
3.5 Category Logic 53
2.1.3 Peer Pressure 34
3.6 Some Common Deductive Argument Forms 54
2.1.4 Stereotyping and Prejudice 35
3.6.1 Modus Ponens 55
2.1.5 Excessive Skepticism 36
3.6.2 Modus Tollens 56
2.1.6 Intellectual Laziness 36
3.6.3 Categorical Syllogisms 57
2.1.7 Relativism 37
3.6.4 Enthymemes 58
2.1.8 The Consequences of Bad Habits 39
3.6.5 Hypothetical Syllogism 58
2.2.1 Curiosity 39
3.6.6 Disjunctive Syllogism 60