NANO News 22

nanonews nanonews nanoshinbun ナ ノ 新 聞 NF-POGOAlumniE-Newsle�er–Volume22,August2022 -NF-POGOAlumniNetworkfortheOceanOceanscience risingagain

Coverphoto "ElPalmarbeach,Spain" byLilianKrug FromtheEditorialBoard………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..1 NF-POGOCentreofExcellenceinObserva�onalOceanography POGOniansyear13(2021-2022)………………………………........................…........………......................3 NF-POGOVisi�ngFellowshipforShipboardTraining JosephSebas�an……………………….………………………………........................…........………......................6 Alumniinthefield PriscilaKientecaLangeetal.…….………………………………........................…........………......................7 HoussemSme�………………………..………………………………........................…........………......................8 NANOResearchProject: NANO-DOAP:CooperativeworkexperiencefortheimplementationoftheBestPracticesforOceanCO₂ measurements……….………….……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………9 Researchcommunications: JuanCruzCarbajal…………………….………………………………….…………………………………………………………………………………12 AnaCarolinaPeralta……………………………………………….…….…………………………………………………………………………………14 AngeleePavaneeAnnasawmy…………………………………….……………………..……………………………………………………………15 EmmaKilcoyne……………………….………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………….19 AnjanaAravind……………………………………………………….…….………………………………………………………………………………19 LucasdelaMazaFernández……………………………………….……………………..……………………………………………………………20 TributetoKathleen(Mimoy)Silvano…………….…………………………..………………………..………………………….….…………………….22 Scientificeventsannouncements........................................................................................................................................................................26 Inthisissue: NF-POGOAlumniE-Newsle�er–Volume22,August2022

Editorialdesignandlayout: LilianKrug

“Theonlywaytomakesenseoutofchangeistoplungeintoit,movewithit, andjointhedance.” -AlanWa�s In2021wehadtolearnhowkeepoceansciencegoingagain.Farfrom throwinguparms,ourgenera�onlearnttoswimwiththecurrentwithout losingsightoftheshore;asustainableandhealthyocean.Thisissue celebratesourresilienceandtheriseofoceanscienceagain.

NANONEWS22isalsodedicatedtoamemberofourfamilythatle�ustoo soon,Mimoythisoneisforyoutoo!

NANOwebsite: .--alumni.org 1

Withthecurrentunrestintheworld,wealsoneedtohighlighttheessence ofNANOinbringingtogetherscien�stsandstudentsofdifferentcountries throughtheirprojectsandtrainingprogrammes,therebyfosteringvalues suchasinterna�onalcollabora�on,respect,toleranceandlivingtogether despitedifferences.SpecialthoughtstoNANOalumniaffectedbywarsand conflicts.

NANOwasfoundedby: ShubhaSathyendranathandTrevorPla�-FormerExecu�veDirectorsofPOGO SophieSeeyave-ChiefExecu�veOfficerofPOGO

Contactus: --alumni.org

FromtheEditorialBoard

TheNipponFounda�on(NF)

NANOandNANONewsaresupportedby: PartnershipforObserva�onoftheGlobalOcean(POGO)

Inthisissue,wewillgothroughthejourneyofNANOalumni,atdifferent stagesoftheircareers,andondifferentcon�nentswhocon�nuedwith scien�ficprojectsamidthepandemic.Notably,newmemberswillgiveusan accountoftheirresearchprojectsandinterests.Inaddi�on,wewillalso hearaboutwhat“oldmembers”,formerNF-POGOscholars,havebeenupto followingtheirtraining.

EditorialBoard: YohanDidierLouis,AdreejaCha�erjee,SudheeshV,LilianKrugandFionaBeckman

Yourssincerely, Y�h��D.L��i� Editor-in-chief

Profilesavailableat h�ps://nf-pogo-alumni.org/programs/centre-of-excellence/cofe-2022/

WiththeNF-POGOCentreofExcellenceprogramme,Lucas wantstodeepenhisoceanographybackgroundandlinkit withecologicalprocesses.Heseeshispar�cipa�onasa waytokeeponexploringnewsystemsandexpandingthe scopeofhisresearchintonewtopics.Hewouldliketo improvehiscurrentskillsanddevelopthosethathehasnot hadtheopportunitytolearnyet,suchasoceandata collec�onincruisesurveys,�meseriesanalysisandocean modelling.Hewouldalsoliketoacquiremoreexperiencein planningandconduc�ngprojectsandcollabora�ons,as wellasmoreexperienceinsciencecommunica�onand outreach.ThisCofEwillalsoprovideanopportunityfor networking,ashewantstobepartofmul�disciplinary studiesinthenearfuture.Overall,beingpartoftheNFPOGOCofEattheAlfredWegenerIns�tuteprovidesallthe ingredientsheneedstocon�nuegrowingasayoung researcher.Inaddi�on,beinginGermanyandsharingthis adventurewithpeoplefromallovertheworldisaunique opportunity.Hewouldliketolearnaboutmul�plecultures andsocialscenarios,astheydeterminedifferent perspec�vesastohowweseetheworldandhowwecan facetheenvironmentalchallengesweareexperiencing Pentanemus quinquarius popula�onsforthepurposeofimplemen�nga GeographicInforma�onSystemforfisheriesmonitoring andmanagement.Inparalleltohisstudies,heworkedasa researchassistantintheGeographicInforma�onSystem andRemoteSensinglaboratoryoftheFacultyofAgronomic SciencesattheUniversityofAbomey-Calavi.Thedifferent knowledgeandskillsheacquireddefinitelymo�vatedhim topursueacareerasaresearcherinobserva�onal oceanographyandrelatedfields.Thus,a�erhisMaster's degree,heobtainedafurtherMaster'sdegreeinClimate ChangeandMarineSciencesfromtheWestAfricanScience ServiceCentreonClimateChangeandAdaptedLandUse (WASCAL)programmeinCaboVerde.Passionateabout MarineTechnologiesandObserva�ons,hisresearch focusedonthedevelopmentoflow-costinstrumenta�on foradvancedunderwaterecologyobserva�ons.This researchworkwasalsopartoftheobjec�vesofthe MeerWisse-African-GermanPartnersforOcean KnowledgeandCoastalEcosystemMonitoringinCabo Verde(CEM_CV)project,inwhichheworked. GérardisthefirstCofEscholarfromBeninandhebelieves thattheprogrammeisinlinewithhisprofessional aspira�ons.Inaddi�on,par�cipa�nginthisprogramme willhelphimtosharpenhisknowledge,updatehisskills, andacquireaddi�onalknow-howtobemoreefficientand proac�veinthefieldofobserva�onaloceanography.Inthe future,heexpectstobecomeanexpertinthefieldsof marinetechnologiesandobserva�onsforthe developmentofamoreintegratedandsustainableocean observingsystem.

delComahue(Argen�na).Duringhisundergraduate researchproject,hefocusedonalocalsysteminSanMa�as Gulf(NorthernPatagonia)linkingthegrowthanomaliesof marinebivalvesandenvironmentalfactors.A�erthis experience,hewantedtoexpandthescopeofhisresearch andexploreothersystems.Hethenpursuedandearneda MasterofSciencesdegreeinMarineEcologyat UniversidadCatólicadelaSan�simaConcepción(Chile).He focusedontheinvasionecologyofseaanemonespecies withsuccessfulworldwideintroduc�ons.Heused ecologicalnichemodellingtoassesswhethernon-na�ve popula�onsdevelopinsimilarenvironmentsasthosefrom thena�verange(i.e.,clima�cmatchhypothesisof invasions).Addi�onally,heprojectedpoten�al distribu�onsasaninvasionriskassessmenttodetectlikely scenariosfornewintroduc�onsandspread.

Contactus: info@nf-pogo-alumni.org www.nf-pogo-alumni.org2

BiologydegreeatUniversidadNacional

LucasH.Gimenez(Argen�na) Lucasisinterestedinhowabio�c andbio�cfactorsdriveecological processesofinter�dalandshallow sub�dalbenthicecosystemsand hasexperiencewithmul�pletaxa (e.g.,seaanemones,mollusks,sea sponges,tunicates).Hestartedhis scien�ficjourneywithaMarine

NF-POGOCofE

globally. GérardZinzindohoué(Benin) Gérarddidnotstarthisstudies directlywithoceanography.Withno facultyordepartmentfully dedicatedtomarinescienceathis university,hehadtofindarelated disciplinethatcouldlaterleadhim tooceanographytofulfilhis dreams.Hethereforebeganhis careerwithaBachelor’sdegreein Agronomy,specialisinginanimal produc�on.ThisenabledhimtodoaMaster'sdegreein FisheriesandAquacultureManagementattheUniversity ofAbomey-Calavi,whichallowedhimtoexperimentwith oceanographytoolsandtechniques.Theobjec�vewasto iden�fypossibleareasofconcentra�onof

NANOwebsite:

MeetthenewPogonians POGOniansyear13(2021-2022)

Since2008,tenyoungscien�stshavebeenselectedeveryyeartotakepartinthe10-monthNF-POGO CentreofExcellenceinObserva�onalOceanography.The2021-2022cohortbeganthetrainingin February2022intheAlfredWegenerIns�tuteBiologicalSta�oninHelgoland,Germany.Inthisse�ng, thescholarsaretrainedincoreskillsandtopicswhichwillhelptolevel-uptheirscien�ficknowledgeand capacitytocarryoutresearchontheocean,itsecosystems,processes,andhuman-relatedac�vi�es.As theirfinalassignmentofthecourse,theyconductindependentresearchprojectsguidedbymentors fromtheAWI.

Contactus: info@nf-pogo-alumni.org NANOwebsite: www.nf-pogo-alumni.org 3 TaniaSultana(Bangladesh)

Jorvin,sinceheneverimaginedtobeinEurope,being trainedinatopresearchins�tute,bytopprofessors,staff, andhinterac�ngonadailybasiswithmanypeoplefrom aroundtheworld.Jorvinbelievesthatthisprogrammewill notonlygivehimthenecessarytoolstobeabe�er scien�stinhisresearchfield,butalsohelphimtogrowin theunderstandingofnewperspec�ves/waysofworking interna�onally,andofcourseonapersonallevel.Jorvinis

RogerEnriqueManay-Torres(Peru)

thisfield,focusingherundergraduateandmaster’sthesis onoceansciences.Herundergraduatethesiswasfocused onmicroplas�cpollu�oninmarinefishesandhermaster’s thesiswasfocusedontheeco-hydrologyoftropical estuaries.Shealsoworkedasaresearchassistantinthe NANO-DOAP samplingsta�onMeghnaRiverEstuary

TheCofEprogrammehasbeenaninvaluableexperiencefor gratefultoalltheins�tu�ons,NGOs,sponsors,andpeople whomakeeverydayofthistrainingprogrammepossible.

BasmaAbdelmeneam(Egypt)

JorvinA.Z.Hinestroza(Colombia) JorvinisthefirstColombianscholar oftheNF-POGOCofEprogrammeat theAlfredWegenerIns�tute(AWI) inGermany.Jorvinholdsa Bachelor’sdegreeinEcologyof CoastalAreasfromtheUniversityof An�oquia(2019)andaMaster’s degreeinCoastalOceanographyfrom theAutonomousUniversityofBajaCalifornia(UABC), México(2021).Hisresearchlifestartedwithassessingthe popula�onstructureoftheBlueLandCrab(Cardisoma guanhumi)infourcoastalloca�onsofTurbo,Colombia. Cardisomaguanhumi iscategorizedinVulnerablestate accordingtotheRedBookofMarineMacroinvertebratesof Colombia.Withthiswork,Jorvinwasabletodo environmentaleduca�onaroundtheprotec�onofthis importantspecies,andmorethan100highschoolstudents learnedabouttheecologicalimportanceandsustainable consump�onofthisBlueLandCrab.Sincethen,thelovefor outreachandenvironmentaleduca�onhasbecomeapillar

DankeSchön.

RogerwasborninChiclayo,acoastal cityinNorthernPeru.Since childhood,hehasknownaboutthe nega�vesimpactsandconsequences oftheElNiño-SouthernOscilla�on (ENSO)eventsnotonlyinhisown hometownbutalsoinallofhiscountry. UniversidadPeruanaCayetanoHeredia.Sincethen,hehas suchastheEkmantransportandpumpingandcoastal departmentoftheIns�tutoGeo�sicodelPerú(IGP), makingdataanalysisofcoupledocean-atmosphere processesfromobserva�onsandregionalmodels.In addi�on,heisfocusingoninves�ga�ngpastandfuture trendsrelatedtoElNiñoandLaNiñaevents.Inthislast case,hecollaborateswiththeBiogeoscienceslaboratory fromtheUniversidadPeruanaCayetanoHeredia,working withocean-atmospheregeneralcircula�onmodel simula�onstoimproveunders�ngoftheremoteinfluence andpoten�alchangesinprecipita�onpa�ernsinnorthern Peru,Amazon,southeasternBrazilandwesternPacific.

A�erasuccessfulapplica�ontotheNipponFounda�on–POGOCentreofExcellence(CofE),Rogeriscurrentlybased inHelgoland,withnineotherfellowsfromdifferent countriesaroundtheworld.Fromtheverybegginingitwas arealchallengeforRogerandhiscolleagues,duetothe weathercondi�ons(three-in-a-rowstorms)andthe pandemiclimita�onsonface-to-faceclasses.Thehigh qualityfacili�esoftheAlfredWegenerIns�tute(AWI)and theexcellentprofessorswhohavedirectedtheclasses,the CofEprogrammehaslargelyexceededallexpecta�onsfor thebenefitofallfellows.Now,Rogerisveryexcitedabout thenewclassesatotherAWIsta�onsintheupcoming weeks,likewisethe insitu

BasmaisanassistantlectureratPort SaidUniversity.Sheisinterestedin marinebiologyandecology.Basma hasaMaster’sonthespawning aggrega�onofcoralreeffish,where sheinves�gatedthespawning

A�ercomple�nghisbasicstudies,he movedtothePeruviancapital,Lima,wherehegraduated fromtheMarineSciences’Masterprogrammeof

Forhispostgraduateeduca�on,hejoinedthe PhytoplanktonEcologyGroup(POPEYE)atUABC,and workedwiththeDiffuseA�enua�onCoefficientofthe Photosynthe�callyAvailableRadia�on(Kd₍PAR₎)andits calcula�onthroughremotesensingsatellites(Kd₍₄₉₀₎).He collectedaglobaldatasetandperformedthreeregional modelstoes�mateKd₍PAR₎ throughKd₍₄₉₀₎ for insitu data, andalsoforKd₍₄₉₀₎ satellitedata.

oceanographictrainingonthe scien�ficvesselHeincke.

(Bangladesh).ForTania,theCofEprogrammeisa mul�disciplinaryresearchtrainingwheresheisgoingto learnfromexcellentinterna�onalteachers.Therefore,itis agreatopportunityforhertogatherindepthknowledgein thefieldofoceanography.Firstly,sheexpectsthatthis programmewilldevelopherabilitytothinkoutsidethe box.Thiswillhelphertoformulateresearchproblems. Secondly,shewantstodevelopherscien�fic communica�onskillstohelpheraskques�onsto researchersandtalkaboutherresearchinpublic.Thirdly, sheisinterestedinlearninganalysisofoceanographicdata usingR,scien�ficwri�ngtechniquesandthegoodscien�fic prac�cesinoceanographyresearch.Finally,shewouldlike todevelopinterna�onalnetworkswithherfellowscholars andteachers.Thiswillhelpherforthenextstepofher career,whichispursuingaPhDinthefieldof Oceanography. inJorvin’slife.ThatiswhyJorvinenrolledinatwo-month longenvironmentaleduca�onproject,whichincluded teachingover1000highschoolstudentsaboutthe importanceofthecoastalandmarineecosystemsthey haveintheirsurroundingarea.

directedhiseffortsand�metostudythedynamicsofthe HumboldtCurrentsSystem,inpar�cular,physicalprocesses

TaniadidherBachelor’sand Master’sdegreesinGeographyand EnvironmentattheShahjalal UniversityofScienceand TechnologyinBangladesh.During herundergraduatestudiesshehad anIntroduc�ontoOceanography courseanddecidedtopursueacareeron

upwelling. HeworksasaresearchassistantattheOceanography

JoeyCabasan(Phillippines) Joeyisamarinescien�stfromthe Philippines.Livinginoneofthe world’smostdiversemarine regions,herresearchworkswere focusedondiversityandecologyof marineorganisms.Inpar�cular,she doesresearchoncoralreefswith ques�onsthatrelatetocoralreef interac�ons,fishbiology,andanimal migra�on.Sheisalsointerestedinlearningnewmethods andtheapplica�onofemergingscien�fictechniquesto ques�onsrequiringmul�-disciplinaryapproaches.Outside ofwork,sheenjoysplayingsportsandagoodconversa�on overcoffee.

Contactus: info@nf-pogo-alumni.org NANOwebsite: www.nf-pogo-alumni.org

MujeebAkanbiAbdulfatai(Nigeria) MujeebholdsaMaster’sdegreein PhysicalOceanographyand Applica�onsfromthePaulSaba�er University(France)fundedbythe FrenchIns�tuteforResearchand Development.Havinghada backgroundinMarineGeosciences, heaimstounderstandhowthe interdisciplinaryoceanbranchesconnect duringhisMaster'sprogrammebydelvingintophysical oceanography.WorkingwithProfessorEmmanuelCosme

JoanaGonzálezRejón(Mexico) Joanaisanoceanologistfromthe AutonomousUniversityofBaja CaliforniaandhasaMaster'sdegree inPhysicalOceanographyfromthe CenterforScien�ficResearchand HigherEduca�onofEnsenada (CICESE),bothinMexico.Joana’s researchhasfocusedontheobserva�onal studyofthesurfaceoceancircula�onintheGulfofMexico. SheworkedwithintheResearchGroupwithLagrangian Observa�ons(GIOLA)intheMegaprojectfundedbythe MexicanMinistryofEnergytostudyoilspillsintheGulfof MexicothroughtheGulfofMexicoResearchConsor�um (CIGOM).Inaddi�on,sheworkedwithintheRemote Sensing,AutonomousandUnmannedVehiclesLaboratory (SERVANT)ofCICESE,analysingandevalua�ngtheocean energypoten�alfromcurrentsandthermalgradientinthe GulfofCalifornia.Joanaisverypassionateaboutmarine scienceoutreachandisthecofounderofProOceano,a socialcollec�veforenvironmentaleduca�onand

HealsohasaBachelor’sdegreeinMarineScienceand TechnologyfromtheFederalUniversityofTechnology Akure,Nigeria.Hisbachelor’sthesisfocusedonstudying thespa�alandtemporalchemicalchangeoftheNigerian transgressivemudcoastalwaters(Ondocoast,SWNigeria) fromriver-oceaninterac�ons.

HridyaKrishnakumar(India) HridyacompletedherMaster’s(M.Sc inMarineChemistry,2021)from KeralaUniversityofFisheriesand OceanStudies(KUFOS),India.In 2019,shecompletedherBachelor’s degreeinChemistryfromSree NeelakantaGovt.Sanskritcollege(SNGS College,Pa�ambi)Kerala,India.ShedidherP.G. Disserta�onatCentreforWaterResourcesDevelopment andManagement(CWRDM)inthebiogeochemistry departmentonthetopic“Distribu�onofRadonin sedimentporewatersandcoastalgroundwatersalong Kozhikodedistrict,Kerala”.Herdisserta�onworkisbased ontheradioac�veelementRadon,anaturallyoccurring noblegas,whichcontributestotheradioac�vityof groundwater.ShehandledinstrumentssuchasRad-7,Gas chromatograph-massspectrometer,Ionchromatograph, Refractometer,UV-VisibleSpectrophotometer,Flame photometerandNepheloturbiditymeterduringher disserta�onwork.Heracademicachievementsinclude INSPIREScholarshipforHigherEduca�onScheme(2015) forsecuringfullmarksinhighersecondaryexamina�ons andASPIREScholarship(DCE)forPGstudents(2021)for bestdisserta�on.SincetheCofEprogrammebyNF-POGO coversthedifferentfieldsofoceanography,shehopesthat itwillhelphertoimproveherknowledgeinmarine sciences.Shealsohopestodevelopgoodcommandof communica�onandscien�ficwri�ngskills,tohelpherto publishherresearcheffec�velyanddisseminatethe knowledgeacquired.

4 aggrega�onoffishspeciesbelongingtothe Lethrindae familyintheRedSea.DuringherMaster’s,sheassessedthe abundanceanddistribu�onpa�ernsofLethrinidsalongthe RedSeacoast.Shealsoexaminedthegene�cdistance withinandbetweentheaggregatedindividualsand individualsfromothercountriestodeterminewhether theyweremigratoryornot.SheisnowenrolledasaPhD studentatthePortSaidUniversity,researchingthe biologicalandecologicalcharacteris�csof Traidacna spp.

ontheBOOST-SWOTprojectofNASAandCNES,Mujeeb successfullycreatedanewimagefilteringmethodthat efficientlyremovessmall-scalenoises/errorsfromthe simulatedSeaSurfaceHeight(SSH)imagesofthefuture SeaWaterandOceanTopography(SWOT)satelliteand recoveryofitsSSHdata.TheSWOTsatellite,settobe launchedinlate2022,willobserveal�metric measurementsoftheoceanathighresolu�on(2km)in along-trackandacross-trackdirec�ons.

Mujeebiden�fieshimselfasanexplora�onoceanscien�st whoaimstoincreaseoceanliteracyinNigeriabymentoring youngoceanographers.Asidefromacademiclife,hehas givenbacktothecommunitybyvolunteeringtoteachthe 17UNSustainableDevelopmentGoalsinhighschoolsand ruralcommuni�es.TheOpenMODsmodule,amongother imminentcoursestakensofar,representsthehands-on experienceheaimedtogainfromtheNF-POGOCofE programme.HeisnowlookingforwardtotheRVHeincke cruise,whichispartoftheobserva�onaltraining.He intendstosharetheknowledgegainedandhopefully secureaPhDposi�ona�ertheprogramme.

AWIthisyearwillhelphertobecomeabe�erresearcher, increasingherknowledgeandunderstandingindifferent scien�ficareasandhelphertobeopenedtodifferent culturesaroundtheworld,expandinghervisionand wideningherhorizons.

Basmaisdedicatedtoenvironmentalconserva�on volunteerworkinhercountry,sheispar�cipa�ngin projectsestablishedbyHEPCA–anEgyp�anconserva�on andenvironmentaleduca�onNGO-fortheaquaculture andrestora�onofmarineinvertebratesintheRedsea. BasmabelievesthattakingpartintheNF-POGOCofEat

Contactus: info@nf-pogo-alumni.org NANOwebsite: www.nf-pogo-alumni.org 5 scien�ficdissemina�onofinforma�ononmarineresources inMexico.Sheislookingforwardtocrea�ngprofessional connec�onsforfuturecollabora�onsinresearchprojects withinthePOGOnetwork. TheCofEscholarsinHelgoland,Germany.Photocredits:UweNe�elmann(AWI)

TheotherhydrographicinstrumentIusedonboardisanechosounder.Itisaninstrumentusedtomeasurethe physicalandbiologicalcomponentsofwater.Wecollectedthedatawithanechosounderateachacous�csta�on whichIusedtoiden�fytheobjectsinthewatercolumn(fishandplankton).Iusedthesoundingdataforanalysing thepresence,abundance,distribu�on,andacous�ccharacteris�csofdifferentvariables.Echosounderdataisthe

toolIusedforunderstandingtheoceanterrain.Itwasusefultounderstandthe bo�omsubstrateclass(e.g.,sand,mud,rock).Theresul�nganalysiscan generateGISdatalayersforthesevariables.

Ihavefurtherinves�gatedtheresearchtopic‘Howdoeschangeinoxygenlevelinthewateraffectthemarine species?’usingtheCTDdata.

Thetraininghelpedmeexploreandenhancemyskillandprofessional knowledge.Moreover,IfirmlybelievethatthetrainingandtheexperienceI gainedduringthisfellowshipprogrammewillbeamilestoneinmycareer.Iam gratefultoeveryonewhosupportedmyprofessionalendeavors.

Theexpedi�ononboardRVDANAwasanoutstandingopportunityandprovided mewithadeepknowledgeofhydrographic/oceanographicequipment,CTDand Echosounder.Also,itisanexcellentopeningformetodoresearchinthefuture. IamgratefultomyparentsupervisorsandthetremendoussupportofPOGO members.IwouldliketopointouttherewasexcellentrapportbetweenPOGO andmeduringtheen�reperiodofthefellowship.Thetrainingenvironment onboardRVDANAwasoutstanding–friendly,suppor�veandmo�va�ng.

Contactus: info@nf-pogo-alumni.org NANOwebsite: www.nf-pogo-alumni.org6 NF-POGOVisi�ngFellowshipforShipboardTraining Bal�cInterna�onalTrawlSurvey(2021) JosephSebas�an Alumnusprofile: h�ps://nf-pogo-alumni.org/profile/JosephSebas�an/ IamstudyingforaMasterofScienceinGeoma�cs(with specialisa�oninHydrography),acquiringmoreexposurein marineresearchwherehydrographicapplica�onsare involved. Iusedonehydrographicinstrument(Echosounder)andone oceanographicinstrument(CTD)duringtheshipboardtraining.Bothinstruments areessen�alinmyprofession.Thetrainingwasanexcellentpla�ormtoapplythe theore�calknowledgethatIreceivedfromthecurrentcourse.Theprofessional experienceIgainedwillbebeneficialinmyfuturestudiesinhydrography. TheCTDisanoceanographicinstrumentusedtodeterminethephysicalproper�es ofwater.TheunitconsistsofsensorstomeasureConduc�vity,Pressureand Temperature.Thegoalofdescrip�vephysicaloceanographyistoobtainaclearand systema�cdescrip�onoftheocean-sufficientlyquan�ta�vetopermitusto predictwithreasonablecertaintysomeaspectsoftheirbehaviorinthefuture. Duringthetraining,Ilearnedhowtoobtainasystema�c,quan�ta�vedescrip�on ofthecharacteroftheoceanwaters,theirgeographicdistribu�on,andtheir movements.Inthefieldofhydrographicsurveying,itisimpera�vetounderstandthephysicalproper�esofthewater beforedeployinganyunderwaterequipment.

InNovember2021,RiodeJaneiro(Brazil)had thelargestandlongestalgalbloomever recordedinBrazil,coveringmorethan150km ofcoast,andlastingformorethan60days! PhytoplanktonspecialistsinBrazilaretryingto unveilthecausesandconsequencesofthis anomalousphenomenon.

surveythebloomproperly. Whatwasinthebloom? Thelocalnewsfirstreportedthebloomon8�� November2021.Thefirstwatersamplewas takenfromtheRecreiobeachinRio,on16�� November.Thedark-redwaterwasdominated bytheciliate Mesodiniumrubrum,combined withtheflagellateTetraselmissp.,whichis alwaysabundantinRio’scoastalwaters. Twoweekslater(earlyDecember),whenthe bloomreachedArraialdoCabo,thewater becamedark-brown.Watersampleswere takenfromseveralbeachesinRio(Urca, Copacabana,Leblon,SãoConrado)andfrom ArraialdoCabo.SamplesfromRioshowedthe Contactus: info@nf-pogo-alumni.org NANOwebsite: www.nf-pogo-alumni.org 7 Figure2-Truecoloursatelliteimage(Sentinel-3A,OLCI), showingthedarkalgalbloomalongthecoastofRiode Janeiro,on5��December2021 Figure3-28-dayChlorophyll-acompositefromthesatelliteMODIS-Aqua ALUMNIINTHEFIELD MassivealgalbloomstinttheseasofRiodeJaneirothis Summer:shouldweworry? PriscilaKientecaLange¹*,SilviaNascimento²,GleyciMoser³ ¹DepartamentodeMeteorologia,UniversidadeFederaldoRiodeJaneiro(UFRJ),Brazil ²InstitutodeBiociências,UniversidadeFederaldoEstadodoRiodeJaneiro(Unirio),Brazil ³FaculdadedeOceanografia,UniversidadedoEstadodoRiodeJaneiro(UERJ),Brazil *Alumnaprofile:https://nf-pogo-alumni.org/profile/plange/ Figure1-Redfoamformedinthe phytoplanktonbloomseenatIpanema (RiodeJaneiro,4��December2021).

Sporadicandsmallalgalbloomsarerecurrent inRiowhenheatwaveshitthecity.Underusual conditions,acoastalupwelling(SouthAtlantic CentralWatermass)inArraialdoCabo–the easterntipofthecontinent(Figure1)–startsin September/October(australspring)when Northeasterlywindspickupandinduce(dueto Corioliseffect)thetransportofcoastalsurface watersawayfromthecontinent.Thisnutrientrichdeepwaterfertilizesthesurfaceocean, wherethereisplentyoflightfor photosynthesis,supportingthesudden increaseinprimaryproduction,mainlyofsmall diatomswhicharequicklygrazedby zooplanktonandfishlarvae.Thisproductive watermassisusuallydraggedwest,often reachingthecoastofRioinSpring. Afewdaysafterreachingthesurface,whenit arrivesinRio,thiscoldandnowturbidwateris dominatedbysmallflagellatesbecauseof ecologicalsuccession.Thisseasonal phenomenoniscrucialforsupportingthelocal marinelife,fisheries,tourismandthelocal economy.Itisalsothereasonwhyscubadiving inArraialdoCaboinSpringisbeautifulbutso incrediblycold.

In2021,somethingunusualhappenedin September/October:insteadofstrong Northeastwindsandclearskies,Riofacedover

sixcloudyweeksofconstantrainanddarkness. Rio’sbeacheshadverycold,clearbluewaters, similartothoseusuallyobservedinArraialdo Cabo.InearlyNovember,thesunfinally showedup.Therewerelongdays,clearskies, clearandnutrient-richwaters,andnowind. Rio’swatersquicklystratifiedasthesurface layerswarmedup,creatingtheperfect conditionsforadinoflagellatebloom.Thus,the waterbecamedarker,andavastredfoam formed(Figure1).Atthispoint,itwasnotabig issueforRio’scitizensbecausethishappens occasionally.Butthistime,insteadoffading,the redtidespread.Thesunnydaysofcalmseas lastedforweeksascoastalcurrentspushedthe bloomeast.Onemonthafteritstarted,the bloomdarkenedthewatersofRio’smost pristinescubadiveparadise:ArraialdoCabo. OnDecember5��,thebloom coveredmorethan150kmofthe coastline(Figure2). Asweatherconditionschanged, withmorecoldfrontsfromthe Southbringingrainandclouds,the bloomwasslowlypushedaway fromthecoastinDecember.The darkswirlthatleftRio’sshoresgave risetoamassiveoffshorebloom which,on27�� January,hada lengthofover600km(Figure3).In 2014,asimilarmassivebloom coveredtheSouthBrazilianBight, andwasalsoapparentlylinkedtoa highfrequencyofobservationsof harmfulalgalbloomsinRiode Janeiro. Ateamoflocalphytoplanktonspecialists (PriscilaLangefromUFRJ,GleyciMoserand DomenicaLimafromUERJ,SilviaNascimento fromUnirio,LohrengrinFernandesfrom IEAPMandSilvanaRodriguesfromUFF) combinedeffortstoassessthebloom(Figure 4).Waterwassampledfromseverallocations insideGuanabaraBayandalongthecoastof thecitiesofRiodeJaneiroandArraialdoCabo. Phytoplanktonspeciescompositionwas primarilyassessedusingmicroscopyand pigmentanalysis(HPLC).Unfortunately,wedid nothavethefinancialandlogisticalsupportto collectmoresamples,soitwasimpossibleto

Contactus: info@nf-pogo-alumni.org NANOwebsite: www.nf-pogo-alumni.org8 dominanceoftwodinoflagellates:Scrippsiella sp.(Figure5),andoneunidentifiedspeciesof thefamilyKareniaceae.Conversely,Scrippsiella sp.wastheonlydominantspeciesinArraialdo Cabo. Patchesofdarkorange-glowingwater(Figure 6)werestillobservedon21��December,incalm inletsaroundRiodeJaneirocity.Thesewater patcheswerewarm(28 �Ccomparedtothe surrounding20�Cwaters)andinfestedwitha diversecommunityofdinoflagellates,theciliate Mesodiniumrubrum,alongwithsmall flagellates(CriptophytesandTetraselmis).We speculatethatthesecalminletscouldhave possiblybeenthesourceofthemassive offshoreredtide,butfurtherimageanddata analysisneedstobeconducted. Laterinthesummer(26��-29�� January2022), thesatelliteimagesrecordedamassivegreen bloomonthebeaches.Thebloomwas composedofavarietyofdiatomspecieswhich areindicativeofthepresenceofupwelled waters,asconfirmedbythelowwater temperatures.Beachdiatomssuchas Asterionellopsisspp.alsobloomedasacold frontincreasedtheturbulenceonthebeaches. Dinoflagellatebloomsandflagellateblooms mergedwiththisdiatombloom,forminga beautifulandproductivebloommosaic.A bloomofgelatinousorganisms(severalspecies ofjellyfish)formedaroundthephytoplankton patches. Newbloomsareexpectedtohappenbefore theendofsummer,inlateFebruary. Figure6-Darkorange-glowingwaterin theinletofBotafogo,RiodeJaneiro(Brazil), observedon21��December.. Figure4-DrNascimento,awater andtheSugarLoafinthe background. Figure5-Scrippsiellatrochoidea PlanktonLab,IEAPM..Credits: ALUMNIINTHEFIELD Updateoncurrentprojectandresearchinterests HoussemSmeti PreparatoryInstituteforEngineeringStudiesofTunis,Tunisia NationalInstituteofMarineSciencesandTechnologies,Carthage,Tunisia Alumnusprofile:https://nf-pogo-alumni.org/profile/hsmati/ Iamapostdoctoralresearchscientistaffiliated withtheNationalInstituteofMarineSciences andTechnologies(INSTMinCarthage,Tunisia) andthePreparatoryInstituteforEngineering StudiesofTunis(IPEIT,Tunisia). AfterworkingwithNANOasaproject coordinatorfortheAfricaregionalproject(20132017)andtheDOAPglobalproject(2017-2020), ItookonaresearcherpositionjointlyatIPEIT andINSTM,underthementorshipofProf MoncefBoukthir(IPEIT),ProfMalikaBelhassen (INSTM)andProfCherifSammari(INSTM). Forthisnewassignment,Iamresponsiblefor maintaininganddeployingadatabuoy equippedwithmeteorologicaland biogeochemicalsensors.Iamalsoworkingon settingupthedatatransmissionsystemfrom thebuoytoaland-basedserver(atINSTM’s ObservatoryoftheSea)andpreparingthe processesthatwillbeappliedfordataquality controlandsubsequentanalyses.Another aspectofmyworkinvolvesthevalidationof hydrodynamicnumericalmodelsoutputswith observationdata(temperature,salinity,current, sealevel,chlorophyllconcentration)frominsitu measurementsandsatellitealtimetry. In2022,IwillparticipateintheEuropeanproject SHAREMED,ledbytheItalianNationalInstitute ofOceanographyandExperimentalGeophysics (OGS),incollaborationwithcolleaguesfromthe MediterraneanInstituteofOceanographyin Marseille,INSTMandIPEIT.Theproject objectiveistodevelopacost-effective Lagrangiandrifter(floatingbuoy)equippedwith aGPStotrackwatermasscirculationand measuresubsurfacetemperatureandsalinity. SHAREMEDprojectfocusesonincreasingthe capabilitiestoassessandaddresshazards relatedtopollutionandenvironmentalthreats inMediterraneantransnationalwaters. Databuoy.Credits:H.Smeti SlimaLagrangiandrifter.Credits:S.Ben

However,someques�onsarise,mostlyrelatedtoitsviability.Forexample,whathappenswhenweapplytheseprotocols inLa�nAmericanLaboratories(LALs)?Dowehaveaccesstorecommendedmaterials,reagentsoradvisors?Butthemain ques�on,andperhapsageneralityforLALs,onthistopicis:Howdowebegin?In2014,the Ins�tutodeInves�gaciones

workshops,coursesandinterna�onaleventsfocusedonoceanacidifica�on,andfrom2021INVEMARhasbeenrepor�ng toSDG14Indicator14.3.1,posi�oningINVEMARasareferenceatna�onalandregionallevels. Meanwhile,inCartagena,theseques�onswereformulatedfortheCenterforOceanographicandHydrographicResearch oftheCaribbean(CIOH),oneofthetwo GeneralMari�meDirectorate

Thistypeofini�a�veofjointworkandstandardisa�onofmethodsarisesfromtheneedtocollectextensiveandreliable dataonoceaniccarbon.Sustainedobserva�onsofCO₂ chemistryprovidecri�callyneededdataforunderstandingnotonly oceanacidifica�on(OA),butspa�otemporalvariabilityandmagnitudesofair-seaCO₂ fluxesforuseinregionalandglobal carbonbudgets(Su�onetal.,2017;Takahashietal.,2002).

In2018,theAntaressta�onwasinvitedto bepartofthe NANOGlobalProject(NANODOAP).Themainobjec�veofNANO-DOAP istoobtainfield-basedobserva�onsto assessandcompareproduc�vity, acidifica�on,anddeoxygena�onlevelsof theoceanamongseveralsimilarsta�ons aroundtheworld.NANO-DOAPhas mo�vatedCIOHtotakeonthechallengeof implemen�ngmeasurementsofthe carbonatesysteminitslaboratories.Atthat �me,themainques�onwasasked: NANOGlobalProject(NANO-DOAP)CartagenaandCIOHPier(Colombia)sta�ons Coopera�veworkexperiencefortheimplementa�onoftheBestPrac�cesforOceanCO₂ measurements StellaP.B.Turizo¹*,CesarA.Bernal²,Orion Norzagaray³,JoseM.Hernández-Ayón³

¹CentrodeInves�gacionesOceanográficaseHidrográficasdel Caribe,MinisteriodeDefensa,DirecciónGeneralMarí�ma (DIMAR),Colombia

Figure1-Loca�onof(a)INVEMARsta�onsChengue andSantaMartaand(b)CIOHsta�onsCartagena AntaresandCIOHPier.

*Alumnaprofile:h�ps://nf-pogo-alumni.org/profile/sbetanc/

Contactus: info@nf-pogo-alumni.org NANOwebsite: www.nf-pogo-alumni.org 9

Theguidetobestprac�cesforoceanCO₂ measurementswastheproductofajointeffortofscien�stswhohaveshared theirexperiencesandhaveintegratedthemintoadocumentthatcontainsthemostup-to-dateinforma�onavailableon thechemistryofCO₂ inseawaterandthemethodologyofdeterminingcarbonsystemparameters(Dicksonetal.,2007).

MarinasyCosterasJoséBenitoVivesdeAndréis (INVEMAR)startedoceanacidifica�onresearchwiththeregionalproject RLA/7/020fundedbytheInterna�onalAtomicEnergyAgency(IAEA).Throughthisproject,INVEMARreceivedthefirst technicalandanaly�calcapabili�esforcon�nuouscarbonatesystemmeasurement.AndthroughprojectsRLA/7/022and RLA/7/025,capabili�esformeasuringdiscretevariableswerestrengthened.In2018,thedetermina�onofDissolved InorganicCarbon(DIC)usingaMariandaAIRICAwasimplemented,and,inApril2019,thedetermina�onoftotalalkalinity usingamanualopen�tra�onsystemwasimplemented,withtheaccuracyrequiredfortheSustainableDevelopmentGoal indicator“Averagemarineacidity(pH)measuredatanagreedsuiteofrepresenta�vesamplingsta�ons”(SDG14Indicator 14.3.1).In2019,theMarine-CoastalStressorsResearchNetworkinLa�nAmericaandtheCaribbean(REMARCO)was consolidated.Fromthatmoment,INVEMARbecameamemberoftheexecu�vecommi�eeresponsiblefortheocean acidifica�oncomponent.Theanaly�calcapabili�esacquiredhaveallowedINVEMARtoleadtheorganisa�onofseveral researchcentresinthecountry.TheCIOHhasleda monitoringprogrammeforoveradecadeatafixedsta�onlocated10milesfromtheTierraBombaIslandnamedAntares Cartagenasta�on.Duringthisperiod,CIOHmeasuredkeyoceanographicvariables:Temperature,oxygen,salinityand fluorescencehavebeenobtainedusingaCTDOwithfluorometerandmul�parameterequipment.Watertransparencyis measuredusingaSecchidiskandwatersamplesarecollectedusingaNiskinbo�leto measurenutrients,chlorophyll-a,absorp�oncoefficients,totalsuspendedsolids, andtoiden�fytheplanktoniccommunity.

“JoséBenitoVivesdeAndréis”,Colombia ³Ins�tutodeInves�gacionesOceanológicas,Universidad AutónomadeBajaCalifornia,Mexico

²LABCAM,Ins�tutodeInves�gacionesMarinasyCosteras

NANORESEARCHPROJECT

10 Howdowebegin?Thenaturalresponsewas:Weneededtoestablish collabora�onswithins�tu�onswithexperienceinthesema�ers;thus,the coopera�veworkbetweenCIOHandINVEMARwasborn.Sinceboth ins�tu�onsareleadersinscien�ficresearchinColombia,theyunderstoodthe importanceofcoopera�veworkandhaveencouragedjointeffortsintraining anddatacollec�on.Thiscollabora�onfocusesontherespec�vemonitoring programmesthateachins�tu�onhasdevelopedwithitsownresourcesand capaci�es.INVEMARcollectsdataandsamplesatChengueandSantaMarta Baysta�ons(Figure1a),whileCIOHisresponsibleforAntaresandCIOHPier sta�ons(Figure1b).

Contactus: info@nf-pogo-alumni.org NANOwebsite: www.nf-pogo-alumni.org

Forthefirstweeks,thetrainingwasbasedonthemeasurementofDICbycoulometrictechniques,TAusinganopen-cell �tra�onautoma�zedsystem,andpHbyapoten�ometricclosedcellsystem(Figure4),alloftheseundertheguidanceof qualifiedpersonnelforeachparameter.A�ertheinstruc�ons,appliedexerciseswerecarriedoutwithanevalua�onof skillsun�lprecisionwasachievedinthemeasurementsandfinallytoreadthepar�cipants’ownsamples.Inthefinal weeksofthePOGO-SCORtraining,ac�vi�esfocusedonreadingTAandpHsamplesusingbasicprocedures.Thefirst variableusesanopenmanual�tra�oncellandthesecondwithaclosedcell.Bothsystemswereconfiguredinawayto resembletheinstrumentsoftheCIOHlaboratory,whichrequiregreatercareandcontrolofeachstageoftheprocess sincewedonothaveanautomatedmeasurementsystem.

ThefirststepbeganwithatrainingcourseatINVEMAR,forthreedays(16-18 September2021)fundedbytheNANO-DOAPProject(Figures2and3).The mainobjec�veofthisinstruc�onalcoursefocusedonteachingthesampling andmeasurementprotocolsofcarbonparameters(DICandTA)totheCIOH’s staffs,andsuppor�ngINVEMAR’sstaffonhowtotakesamplesforanalysingtheabsorp�oncoefficients. Duringthetraining,CesarBernalemphasisedtheimportanceofqualitycontrolsandthecorrecthandlingofcer�fied standards.Hesharedhisexperiencesacquiredduringtheimplementa�onprocessofTAandDICmeasurementsat INVEMARanddrewa�en�ontothedifficul�estheyfacedwhilemeasuringcarbonatesystemvariablesandinacquiring thestandardsofDicksoncer�ficatesandmaterialsandsupplies.

Inparallel,undertheguidanceofDr.OrionNorzagaray,protocolsandproceduresforhandlingandmaintaining autonomoussensorsforpHmeasurementswererevisedinordertolearntheprocessoflaboratorymeasurements. DuringherstayinMexico,StellamadethemostoftheexperienceandreliedontheguidanceofDrHernández-Ayón grouptoacquireequipmentforCIOHwithresourcesfromtheNANO-DOAPproject(Figure5).Theteamsharedtheir experienceinhandlingthistypeofsensor,applyinggoodprac�cesandmanagingthedatageneratedbythese

instrumentsthroughcalibra�onandvalida�on protocols. WearesopleasedwiththesupportfromNANODOAPandPOGO-SCOR,becausethecombina�on ofdatamanagementandemergingtechnologies foroceanobserva�onsallowexpansionofthe fixed-pointfield�me-seriesobserva�ons.The Antaresnetworkcountsalreadywithvaluable oceanographicdata,fromanareaoftheworld oceanthathasbeenpoorlystudied,anditsgoalis tocon�nueandimprovetheinsituobserva�ons together.Applyingemergingtechnologiesfor assessingcarbonatesystemswillallowusto expandthefixed-pointfield�me-series observa�ons.Withthetrainingwereceived,the CIOHteamisnowabletodetermineshi�sinthe Figure2-INVEMARTrainingpar�cipants(from le�toright)HalbínSerrano,KelvinVarela, YoselinNieto,CesarBernal,StellaBetancur, Ka�anaMar�nez,JuanSebas�anMurilloand JoaquinRivero. Figure3-ScenesfromINVEMARtraining

Finally,inthiscapacity-buildingprocess,StellaTurizotookpartinthe2021POGO-SCORVisi�ngFellowshipProgramme, duringwhichshevisitedtheIns�tuteofOceanSciencesoftheUniversityofBajaCalifornia,inMexico,fora2-month trainingundertheleadershipofDr.Mar�nHernández-Ayón,aninterna�onalexpertinmarineCO₂ andmarine biogeochemicalprocesses.Thetrainingfocusedonapplyinglaboratoryprac�cesandmanagementofautonomous measurementequipment(i.e.,MinFetpHandtemperaturesensor).Forthoseofusinterestedintheimplementa�onof pHmeasurements,suchTAandDICmeasurements,itisimportantnotonlytofollowtheprotocolsofDicksonetal. (2007),butalsotounderstandtheapproachandsmalldetailsforeachvariableandalltheinstrumentsbehindeach measurement,sothatwecanmeasurewithprecisionandaccuracy.

Figure4-Analysesand equipmentatDr. Hernández-Ayón’s laboratoryincludes(a)DIC usingcoulometric instruments,TAwith(b)a �tra�onautoma�csystem and(c)closedmanual �tra�oncell,and(d)pHby apoten�ometricclosedcell system.

biologicalandtemperatureeffects.DeepSeaRes.2TopStud.Oceanogr.

Figure5-WithsupportoftheNANO-DOAPProject,theCIOH teampurchasedaMinFetinstrumentformeasurementof temperatureandpHinthewatercolumn.DrBetancur receivedtrainingonhowtocalibrateandoperatethe instrumentwithDrAyón-Fernández. NANOmemberLucasFernándeztellusabouthisadventureinAntarctica(page20).

Takahashi,T.,Sutherland,S.C.,Sweeney,C.,Poisson,A.,Metzl,N.,Tilbrook, B.,Bates,N.,Wanninkhof,R.,Feely,R.A.,Sabine,C.,2002.Globalsea-air CO₂ fluxbasedonclimatologicalsurfaceoceanpCO₂,andseasonal 49,1601–1622.

Contactus: info@nf-pogo-alumni.org NANOwebsite: www.nf-pogo-alumni.org 11 oceancarbonatechemistrycomposi�oninresponsetochangingenvironmentalandbiologicalcondi�ons.TheCIOH groupisusingthetrainingobtainedatINVEMARandIIOtodevelopandapplyitinthestudiesattheANTARESandNANODOAPnetworks. Theseeffortsarecri�caltoadvancegenera�onofnewOA knowledgeintheregion.Webelievethatthedifferentnetworks, founda�onsoren��esthatsupportoceanacidifica�onresearch shouldjoineffortstoovercomeweaknessesintheregionsuchas thelowavailabilityofcer�fiedreferencematerialforTAandDIC, TRISbufferstandardandpurifiedm-cresolforpHanalysis. References Dickson,A.G.,Sabine,C.L.,Chris�an,J.R.(Eds.)2007.Guidetobest prac�cesforoceanCO₂ measurements.PICESSpecialPublica�on3,191 pp. Su�on,A.J.,Wanninkhof,R.,Sabine,C.L.,Feely,R.A.,Cronin,M.F.,Weller, R.A.,2017.VariabilityandtrendsinsurfaceseawaterpCO₂ andCO₂ fluxin thePacificOcean.Geophys.Res.Le�.44,5627–5636.

summerwouldgiverisetotheSCM (generalhypothesis).Thisshort contribu�ontoNANONewsle�erwas partofmyPhDthesis,carriedoutattheCentroparael EstudiodeSistemasMarinosandfundedbytheConsejo NacionaldeInves�gacionesCien�ficasyTécnicasof Argen�na.Thefocuswastodeterminetheinfluenceofthe semidiurnal�deintheevolu�onofthewatercolumn ver�calstructureduringthesummerperiodandinthe intrusionofthenur�ent-richLSWthatfavortheexistenceof theSCM. Materialandmethods A�meseriesof13Conduc�vity-Temperature-Depth(CTD) profilescollectedapproximatelyeverytwohourswas carriedoutinaquasi-FixSta�on(FS)locatedinthecenterof theGulf(Figure2a;45°56.7'S,65°34.1'W),withamean depthof92m.The�meseriesbeganon6�� February,17:04 UTCandendedon8�� February,04:02UTC,2014andwas partofthesurveyscarriedoutonboardoftheR/VCoriolisII duringthesecondlegofexpedi�onMARES(St-Ongeand Ferreyra,2018).BetweentheprofilesFS03andFS04,there wasafour-hour�mestep,andbetweenFS07andFS08a �megapofnearlytenhourswherenohydrographicdata werecollected.The�meseriesanalysiswassplitintotwo groupsaccordingtothe�dalcycles(Figure2b). Oceancurrentsmeasurementswereacquiredthrougha hull-mountedacous�cDopplercurrentprofiler(ADCP) TeledyneRDI150kHzfor1.46days.Full-depthCTDprofiles wereacquiredwithaSBE911plusequippedwitha

Figure1-a)Summerclimatologyofthesurfacechlor-aconcentra�onin thePatagonianShelfobtainedfromtheL3(4km)productVIIRSSuomiNNP.ThegreyarrowpointstotheSanJorgeGulf.b)February climatologyver�calprofilesofdensity(black),temperature(red),and salinity(blue)inthreeloca�onsoftheSanJorgeGulfobtainedfrom INIDEP’sBaseRegionaldeDatosOceanográficos(BaRDO).

Contactus: info@nf-pogo-alumni.org NANOwebsite: www.nf-pogo-alumni.org12 Researchcommunica�ons Howthesemidiurnal�dalcyclecondi�onsthedynamicsofthewatercolumnof theSanJorgeGulf,PatagonianShelf JuanCruzCarbajal

Briefofthestudy ThePatagonianShelf(LargeMarineEcosystemN°14), locatedbetween38°Sand55°S,andbetweenthecoast andthe200-misobath,isiden�fiedingeneraltermsasa highlyproduc�veregion(Rivasetal.,2006),inpar�cular, theSanJorgeGulf(Figure1a). DuringtheAustralSummer,theSanJorgeGulfpresentsa hydrographicfeatureinitssouthernpor�onthatcanbe iden�fiedinthever�calprofileofsalinity.Thever�cal gradientsignchangesatthepycnoclinedepth,meaningthat itpresentsaminimumofsalinity(Figure1b).Anumerical simula�onoftheseasonalcircula�onoftheGulfhighlights theinfluenceofthePatagónicacurrenttowardstheinside oftheGulfduringthesummer,penetra�ng1/3ofits transportcyclonicallyintotheGulf,affec�ngthe thermohalinestructureofthewatersduetoitslowsalinity andlesstemperature(MatanoandPalma,2018).Associated withthis,aSubsurface Chlorophyll-aMaximum(SCM) locatedat12-20dbaroccursin themixedlayerreachingvalues of2.8mgm-³ intheinteriorof theGulf(Figure1b).Several authorsunderstandthatthe SCMisaneffec�vesourceofnew primaryproduc�onaswellasa cri�callinkintheglobalcarbon cycle(Sharplesetal.,2001; Steinbucketal.,2009). Nevertheless,inourcase,the contribu�onoftheSCMtothe netprimaryproduc�onofthe Gulfisnotclear.The hydrographicfeaturesuggests thatthelowsalinitywaters (LSW)transportamoderate amountofnutrientstowardsthe interioroftheGulf,whichin fluorescenceandothersensors.Watersampleswere collectedeveryfourhourstodeterminenitrate+nitriteand chlorophyll-a(Chl-a)concentra�onsinthewatercolumn, andusedtocalibratetheCTDancillarysensors.Chl-a concentra�onsweredeterminednearthesurface,inthe SCMandbelowtheseasonalpycnocline,while nitrate+nitriteconcentra�onswereaccomplishedwiththe Figure2-a)Quasi-FixSta�on(FS,yellowstar)loca�on,CTDprofiles(greycircles)iandthevesselvelocity vector(magentaarrows).b)Ver�calstructureofσ0.c)Thicknessofthepycnoclinevs�deheight.d)Ver�cal structureofsalinityshowingthevaluesofnitrate+nitriteinmmolm-³.e)ThicknessofthepycnoclinevsLSW thickness.Betweenb)andd)isthehourlypredic�onof�dalcurrent(blackvector)andthemeanvelocity vectorinthever�calcomputedfromtheADCP(greyvector)every3minutes.

CentroparaelEstudiodeSistemasMarinos,CentroCientíficoTecnológico,ConsejoNacionaldeInvestigacionesCientíficasyTecnológicas,CentroNacional Patagónico(CENPAT),PuertoMadryn,Chubut,Argentina. Alumnusprofile:https://nf-pogo-alumniningi.org/profile/jccarbajal/

Contactus: info@nf-pogo-alumni.org NANOwebsite: www.nf-pogo-alumni.org 13 samesequenceplusbo�omsamples(Figures2dand3b).A totalof651ver�calprofilesofhorizontalveloci�eswere acquiredduringthe�meseriesrangedfrom12m(bin1)in surfaceto68m(bin15)and76m(bin17)in-depth(Figure 3a).Groupone(G1)integratedbyFS01,FS02,FS03,FS04, FS06andFS07coveredthefirstcycleof12hours06 minutes,andgrouptwo(G2)integratedbyFS08,FS09,FS10, FS11,FS12,FS13andFS14coveredthethirdoneof12hours 57minutes.G1andG2occupiedacompletesemidiurnal �dalcycleofamplitude2.9mand2.6m,respec�vely [hourlypredic�onofthe�deheightand�decurrentfrom thebarotropicmodelOSUTPXO(Egbert,andErofeeva, 2002). Resultsanddiscussion Theconsecu�vecollec�onofCTDprofilesrevealeda characteris�cσ0structureofatemperateshelfsearegion: anupperlayeroflightwaters(σ0<24.90kgm-³)anda bo�omlayerofheavywaters(σ0>25.50kgm-³)separated byasharpseasonalpycnocline(Figure2b).Thecontoursof σ0boundariesofthepycnoclinelayeressen�allyprovided qualita�veevidenceofaninternalwaveassociatedwiththe flood/ebb�dalvariability.Theisopycnalsofthatlayer spreadupwardintotheupperlayeranddownwardintothe bo�omlayerduringtheflood�dewhileaconstric�on towardstheshallowestpycnoclinedepthappearedduring theebb�de(Figure2b).Thegoodcorrela�onbetweenthe thicknessofthepycnoclinelayerandthe�deheight(R² = 0.75)indicatedthattherewasadecrease(increase)ofthe thicknesstowardstheebb(flood)(Figure2c).TheLSW tendstospreaddepthwardduringflood�deduetothe upperstabilityofthepycnocline(Figure2d).Thethickness oftheLSW(S<33.20)variedlinearlywiththepycnocline thickness(R² =0.88)reachingaminimumvalueinFS01 (14.9m)andFS09(18.8m),andamaximumvalueinFS06 (53.5m)andFS13(48.6m)forG1andG2,respec�vely (Figure2e).Themaximumstabilityofthewatercolumnwas locatedwithinthepycnoclineduringtheFS.Thestabilityof thewatercolumnincreasedwhenthewatersle�theGulf anddecreasewhenthewatersentered.Thesemidiurnal cycleasthemainforcingatthis�mescalecondi�onsits stability.WhenthewatersleavestheGulf,itincreasethe stabilityofthecolumnbyreducingthethicknessofthe pycnoclinelayer(theisopycnalsarecompacted)while enteringthewater,itsstabilitydecreasesasaconsequence oftheincreaseinthethicknessofthepycnoclinelayer(the isopycnalsarespreadapart)(Figures2cand3).TheLSW thatentersthroughthepycnoclinelayerwithaverygood amountofnutrientsso�ensthestabilityandtendstoreach theupperlayerduetoitsincreasedthickness(Figures2d and3),andwouldmakenutrientsavailabletheretobeused byplanktonicorganismsinlatersemidiurnalcycles.With adequatelevelsoflight,thismechanismcouldbeoneof thoseresponsibleformaintainingtheSCMobservedinthe Gulfduringsummer.

References Rivas,A.L.,Doglio�,A.I.,&Gagliardini,D.A.(2006).Seasonalvariability insatellite-measuredsurfacechlorophyllinthePatagonianShelf. Con�nentalShelfResearch,26(6),703-720. Matano,R.P.,&Palma,E.D.(2018).Seasonalvariabilityoftheoceanic circula�onintheGulfofSanJorge,Argen�na.Oceanography,31(4), 16-24. Sharples,J.,Moore,C.M.,&Abraham,E.R.(2001).Internal�de dissipa�on,mixing,andver�calnitratefluxattheshelfedgeofNENew Zealand.JournalofGeophysicalResearch:Oceans,106(C7), 14069-14081. Steinbuck,J.V.,Stacey,M.T.,McManus,M.A.,Cheriton,O.M.,&Ryan,J. P.(2009).Observa�onsofturbulentmixinginaphytoplanktonthinlayer: Implica�onsforforma�on,maintenance,andbreakdown.Limnologyand Oceanography,54(4),1353-1368. St-Onge,G.,&Ferreyra,G.A.(2018).Introduc�ontothespecialissueon theGulfofSanJorge(Patagonia,Argen�na). Egbert,G.D.,&Erofeeva,S.Y.(2002).Efficientinversemodelingof barotropicocean�des.JournalofAtmosphericandOceanictechnology, 19(2),183-204. Acknowledgments Mysinceregra�tudetoDr.LilianA.KrugandEditor-in-ChiefYohanLouis forgivingmethespacetomakethiscontribu�on.

Nextpage:AlumnaAnaCarolinaPeraltareportsfirstresultsofherassessmentofseagrassesmeadowsinVenezuelausingimageprocessinginGoogleEarthEngine.

Figure3-a)Currentzonalcomponent(U,cms-¹)�meseries.b)Ver�cal structureofchlorophyll-aconcentra�on(Chl-a,mgm-³).Yellowcontours indicatetheisopycnalsof24.90kgm-³ and25.50kgm-³

Figure2-LaCiénagadeOcumareinlet

Asapreliminaryresult,aseagrasshabitatmaphasbeen createdforLaCiénagadeOcumareusingSen�nel2images fromtheyear2020andGoogleEarthEngine.Therearetwo knownseagrassspeciesinthisarea:Thalassiatestudinum,a na�vespecies,andHalophilas�pulacea,aninvasivespecies na�vetotheIndianOceanandtheRedSeathathasspread throughouttheeasternCaribbeansinceitwasfirstrecorded inGrenadain2002. Oneproductweexpecttogenerateisanes�ma�onofthe firstdetec�onoftheinvasiveHalophilas�pulaceaatLa Ciénaga.Thiswillbeassessedbyexaminingthehistorical occurrenceandloca�onofeachspeciesrecordedbyGPS directlyinthefieldover�mesince2010,combinedwith concurrenthistoricalsatelliteimages.Anotherproductwe expecttogenerateisaseagrassmapfortheen�re Venezuelancoastandsubsequentlyevaluatechanges (increaseordecreaseincoverage)inspaceand�me. TheteamthanksPOGOandSCORforthesupporttospend threemonthsreceivingtraininginop�calsatelliteimages analysesandinterpreta�on,andthecollabora�ons establishedthereof,thatwillleadtofurtherassessments andscien�ficpublica�ons.

LaCiénagainletisasystemwithanextensionof294.48ha,

MarineBiologyLaboratory,EnvironmentalDepartment,SimónBolívarUniversity,Venezuela Alumnaprofile:https://nf-pogo-alumni.org/profile/aperalt/ Contactus: info@nf-pogo-alumni.org NANOwebsite: www.nf-pogo-alumni.org14 Researchcommunica�ons SeagrassAssessmentusingop�calsatelliteimages: acasestudyforVenezuelancoastline AnaCarolinaPeralta Seagrassesarefloweringplantsthatlivesubmergedinthe sea,rootedinthecoastalseabed.Thereareabout60 speciesofseagrassesaroundtheworld,growinginshallow watersuptoadepthofabout70m.Below-groundpartsof seagrassestypicallyconsistofrootsforanchoringand rhizomesformechanicalsupportandpropaga�on.Abovegroundpartsusuallyconsistofshootsthatbearseveral leavesandoccasionallyflowers(Figure1).Ingeneral,the appearanceofmostseagrassesisverysimilartothatof terrestrialgrasses. Seagrassbeds providefoodand shelterfor variousanimals, includingcrabs, molluscs,turtles, andfishes,some ofwhichare cri�caltolocal economies. Seagrasses provideoxygen andfixcarbonfromtheiraqua�cenvironmentthrough photosynthesis,justlikevegeta�ononland.Thisfixed carbonaccumulatesasbiomassandasorganicma�erinthe sedimentasseagrassesdie.Therefore,theyserveasa mechanismtoretaincarbonthatentersthewaterfromthe atmosphere.Thisformofcarbonsequestra�onhelps mi�gatetheincreaseofCO2intheatmosphere.Because thisnaturalprocessisimportantinthecarboncycleandin understandingclimatechange,seagrassesareanimportant elementof“bluecarbon”.Seagrassesalsoprotectagainst localcoastalfloodinganderosionbecausetheya�enuate waveenergyneartheshore.

locatedinatouris�candfishingregion calledOcumaredeLaCosta(Figure2). Itisasitewithmangrovehabitatsand areasofsandybo�om,coralreef,andseagrassmeadows, thusprovidingseveralecological,cultural,social,and economicalecosystemservices,represen�ngthenatural capitalofthearea.Historically,therehasbeenli�le knowledgeaboutthebio–ecologicala�ributesofthissite. Further,thelackofregula�onsisanactualproblem.There isahighriskthatchangestothelocalhabitatsand biodiversitymayimpacttheseecosystemservices,affec�ng thelocalac�vi�es,theeconomyandhumanwell-being.

Theextentofseagrasscoverisanimportantmetricof ecosystemhealth,whichisbeingconsideredbythe Conven�ononBiologicalDiversityforitspost-2020goals.It isoneoftheEssen�alOceanvariablespromotedbythe GlobalOceanObservingSystem(GOOS)becauseofits relevancetolocalandregionaleconomiesandthewellbeingofcommuni�esthatdependonthem.Trackingof seagrassextentcanbedoneusingop�calsatelliteimages. Theproductsderivedfromsatelliteimagesanalysisare helpfulforspa�alplanningandconserva�onstrategiesand forassessingtheirvulnerability. In2021,IwasselectedforaPOGO-SCORVisi�ngFellowship. Inthistraining,Iusedtheloca�onofLaCiénagade Ocumare,offcentralVenezuelaintheCaribbeanSea,asa casestudyforseagrasscoverassessmentsbasedonsatellite dataandasupervisedclassifica�onalgorithm.

Duringthethree-monthvisi�ngfellowshipattheIns�tute forMarineRemoteSensinglocatedintheUniversityof SouthFlorida,IworkedwithDrFrankMuller-Karger,Dr EnriqueMontesandDrLuisLizcano-Sandovaltolearnthe requiredskillsandtoolstoclassifyseagrassesfromop�cal satelliteimages(seeexampleonpreviouspage).

Liketropicalforests,seagrassesaredisappearingfromthe earth'ssurfacerapidlyasaresultofhumanac�vi�essuchas unplannedandunsustainablecoastaldevelopmentand waterpollu�on,amongmany,simultaneouslywithrising watertemperatures.

Figure1-SeagrassmeadowinVenezuela(le�) andshoot(right)

Background IamgratefultoNF-POGOandtheAlfredWegenerIns�tute (AWI),Germanyforhavingchosenmetotakepartinthe firstfloa�ngsummerschoolalongtheNorth-SouthAtlan�c Transect(NoSoAT)fromGermanytoSouthAfricain

ThePS95cruisewascarriedoutonboardRVPolarsternfrom 29Octoberto2December2015alonganorth-to-south transectfromBremerhaven(Germany)toCapeTown(South Africa).Forthisstudy,datacollectedfromsta�ons conductedonlyintheNADRandNASTprovincesfrom1to 8November,willbeanalysed.

November-December2015.Ifeelhonoredforbeingthefirst Mauri�antraineeattheNoSoAT,whereIwasamong32 studentsfrom19countries.HavingcompletedaPhDdegree onseamountecosystemsoftheIndianOcean,Iwantedto inves�gatetheAmpèreseamountecosystemrela�veto con�nentalshelfareasintheAtlan�cOcean.Thisresearch communica�onwillshednewlightontheAmpère seamount’stopographyandcommunitystructure.

(

Alumnaprofile:https://nf-pogo-alumni.org/profile/pannasa/ Contactus: info@nf-pogo-alumni.org www.nf-pogo-alumni.org

UniversityofWashington,USA

15 Researchcommunica�ons

Toprovideanoverviewofthetopographiceleva�onat Ampèreseamount,theShu�leRadarTopographyMission (SRTM)bathymetryproductwas acquired forthedelimited AreaofInterest(34°N-36°N;14°W-10°W).Bathymetryfrom Figure1-TheNorth-EastAtlanticOcean(a)Longhurst‘sbiogeochemicalprovincesboundaries(blacklines),English Channel(EC)andhydrographicstations(reddots);(b)GEBCObathymetry(m)withcontinentalshelfareasinbeige; (c)AmpèreseamountSRTMbathymetry(m)and(d)AmpèreandCoralPatchseamounts3-dbathymetry(m) showingtheHorseshoeSeamountcomplexwithwestern(W)andeastern(E)flanksoftheAmpèrepinnacle.

Introduc�on

).Thecon�nentalshelfareais

TheEarth’soceanhasbeenpar��onedintoseveral Europeancon�nentalshelf,wherethermalfrontsoccur easternboundaryoftheNADRprovince Figure1b characterizedbyupwellingeventsandthe inflowofAtlan�cwaterintotheEnglish Channel.TheNASTprovinceischaracterized bythepresenceofislandpla�ormsof BermudaonthewesternsideandtheAzores andCanaryIslandsontheeasternside. UnliketheNADRprovincetothenorth,NAST ischaracterizedbyweakerwintermixingdue tolowerwindstressattheseasurface, leadingtoashallowermixedlayer(Longhurst 2007). TheAmpèreseamountispartofthe HorseshoeSeamountchain,locatedwithin theNASTintheNorth-EastAtlan�cOcean. Theseamounthasaconicalshaperisingfrom anelongatedbaseat~4500mbelowthesea surface(Figure1d).At110-200m,the seamountbreaksofftoasmall,rough summitplateauwithanarrowpeakreaching 55mbelowsealevel(Chris�ansenetal., 2015).TheeasternflankoftheAmpère

Phytoplanktonandzooplanktoncommunitycomposi�onswithin biogeochemicalprovincesandattheAmpèreseamountintheNorth-East Atlan�cOcean AngeleePavaneeAnnasawmy

provincesbasedonphysical,chemicalandbiological proper�essuchasbathymetry,surfacecurrents, hydrographyandchlorophyllconcentra�ons(Longhurst 1998;Reygondeauetal.2013).Par��oningtheworld’s oceanintoprovincescanaidinunderstandingcomplex oceanicprocesseseventhoughtheboundariesunderlying theseprovincesarenotfixedinspaceand�medueto seasonalandannualfluctua�onsintheenvironmental descriptors(Longhurst1998;LiandHarrison2001).The physicalandbiologicalproper�esoftwoprovincesinthe North-EastAtlan�cOcean,theNorthAtlan�cDri�Province (NADR),locatedbetween60°Nand~40°N,andtheNorth Atlan�cSubtropicalGyralProvince(NAST),locatedbetween 40°Nand25°N(Marañónetal.1999;Hardman-Moun�ord etal.2008)(Figure1a),wereinves�gatedinthisstudy.The

from45°Nto49°N,isconsideredasthe

seamountisverysteepandabrupt rela�vetothewesternflank,which breaksintoplateaus.AmpèreisconnectedtotheCoral Patchseamountalongitseasternedge(Weinbergetal., 2013).Seamountsareimportantfeaturesoftheworlds’ oceanssince,beingtopographicobstacles,theymay influencetheprevailingoceancurrentsandcreatelocal perturba�onsinthephysicalenvironment,whichimpact theavailabilityofnutrientsandhenceaffectthedistribu�on andaggrega�onofmarinecommuni�esalongthefoodweb (BeckmannandMohn2002;Pitcheretal.2007;Lavelleand Mohn2010;Santosetal.2013).Availablephytoplankton andzooplanktoncommunitycomposi�onsfromtheRV PolarsterncruisePS95wereanalysed,inconjunc�onwith satellitebathymetry,chlorophyll,sealevelanomalyand absolutedynamictopographydata,toinves�gatethe influenceoftheenvironmentandtopographyonthe abundanceofphytoplanktonandzooplanktontaxaat AmpèreSeamountintheNASTrela�vetotheNADR province. MaterialsandMethods

NANOwebsite:

16 TheGeneralBathymetricChartoftheOceans(GEBCO) griddeddata(GEBCOCompila�onGroup,2020)was obtainedforOceanDataView(ODV,v.5.3.0,Schlitzer2020). Dailysatellitechlorophyll-aproductversion3.0was downloadedfrom GlobColour at4kmspa�alresolu�onand usedtoprovideanoverviewofsurfaceChl-aatNADRand NASTprovincesforthestudiedperiod.Theproductchosen isbasedonCHL1algorithm,applicableforCase1waters (phytoplankton-dominatedinherentop�calproper�es)and commonlyusedasaproxyforphytoplanktonbiomassin openwaters(GlobColour2020).Delayed-�meSeaLevel Anomalies(SLAs)andAbsoluteDynamicTopography(ADT) atadailyand1/4°resolu�on,wereobtainedatthe CopernicusMarineEnvironmentMonitoringServiceportal todescribethemesoscaleeddyfieldwithintheNADRand NASTprovincesduringthestudiedperiod.TheADTisthe seasurfaceheightfortheEarth’sgeoid,whiletheSLAisthe differencebetweentheactualseasurfaceheightandan averageseasurfaceheightforthis�meoftheyear.

WatersamplescollectedfrombucketsandNiskinbo�lesat surfaceanddeepchlorophyllmaximumdepthwere preservedwithLugol’siodineandstoredinbrownglass bo�lesinacool,darkanddryenvironment.The phytoplanktonanalysisfollowedthesamemethodasin Tayloretal.(2011).Thesampleswereintroducedintoa se�lingchamber,andthecellswereallowedtose�lefor48 hours.Thecellsweretheniden�fiedandcountedbythe Utermöhlmethod(Utermöhl1958)usingaZeissIM35 invertedmicroscopeequippedwithphase-contrastand 400xmagnifica�on.Thedifferentphytoplanktonspecies werebroadlycategorizedintodifferentgroupsbasedon characteris�csspecifictoeachgroup,suchassiliceous externalskeletonandpresenceoftwovalvesfordiatoms; solitarycellswithflagellaforflagellates;thepresenceoftwo dissimilarflagellaandthecamadeupofaseriesofcellulose platesorathecatefordinoflagellates;thepresenceofcilia and�n�nnidswithshellsforciliates;sphericalcellswith calcitescalesforcoccolithophores.

withintheNADRandNASTprovinces.Alltrawlswere conductedduringthedayexceptforonenighttrawlonthe westernflankoftheseamount.ThehorizontalBongonet wasdeployedat15mdepth,whilethever�calBongoand CalCoFinetsweredeployed50mbelowthedepthofthe chlorophyllmaximum.Whenthenetswerehauledin,they werewashedwithseawaterintoacollec�ngreceptacle.The collectedzooplanktonwasconcentratedbysievingout excesswaterandstoredinformalinforfurther inves�ga�ons.Individualswereiden�fiedtothelowest possibletaxonandcounted. Results Environmental characteris�csof NADRandNAST provinces Thesatellite compositeshows highChl-aoffthe European con�nentalshelf withintheNADR province(sta�ons3 and4)rela�veto theAmpèreseamount locatedinmore oligotrophicwaters withintheNAST province(sta�on13) (Figure2). Insitu measurementsalso showedtheblue/ greenra�osatthe shelfsta�onson 2ⁿ�-3�� November rangingfrom1.21to 2.06,whichisan indica�veofproduc�vewaters.Ontheotherhand,the blue/greenra�osat theseamount sta�onson6��-8�� Novemberranged from1.60to4.59, whichindicates oligotrophicwaters withhardlyany cons�tuentsinthe watercolumn (Figure3). Asfortopography, theeasternNAST provinceshowed higherADTheights thantheeastern NADRandthe Ampèreseamount showedmoderate SLArela�vetothe European con�nentalshelf duringthestudied period(Figure4). PhytoplanktontypeswithintheNADRandNASTprovinces TheBray-Cur�ssimilarityplotsandtridimensional ordina�onplotsresul�ngfromnon-metric mul�dimensionalscaling(MDS)analysisshowthat phytoplanktontaxaclustersaresharplydefinedbasedon shelfsta�ons(Figure5a).NADRsta�onsweregroupedat 60%similarityandthoseattheseamountsta�onswithin theNASTbeinggroupedat55%similarity.Thestressvalues ofthe3DMDSplotsare0.03whichindicateanear-perfect representa�onofthehigh-dimensionalphytoplankton assemblagestructureatthesesites.Phytoplankton communi�esfoundatopenocean(sta�on8)werenot differentfromthoseattheAmpèreseamountinthe tridimensionalspace,probablyduetothecloseproximityof thesesta�ons(Figure5b). Phytoplanktongroupsatallanalysedsta�onsaremainly dominatedbyflagellates,withdinoflagellatesbeingthe secondmostabundantgroupwithinbothNASTprovinces (Figure6).Coccolithophoreswerecollectedingreater propor�onsatAmpèreseamountandtheopenocean whereasdiatomswerecollectedinslightlyhigher propor�onsattheAmpèreseamountincomparisontothe otherloca�ons.Whilesimilarnumbersofphytoplankton taxawerecollectedwithintheNADRandNASTprovinces, moreindividualswerecollectedintheNADR(82730 individuals)rela�vetotheNAST(34860individuals).

Zooplanktonsampleswerecollectedwithhorizontaland ver�calBongonets(200µm,150µmand100µmmesh sizes)andCalCoFinets(500µm,80µmand20µmmesh sizes)towedatashipspeedof1.5knotsfor10minutes

Figure3-

Insitureflectanceoftheseasurfaceshowing theblue/greenratio(greenwavelength555nm). Figure4-Satellite-derived(a)AbsoluteDynamic Topography(m)and(b)averagedSeaLevelAnomaly(m). Figure2-Chlorophyll-asatellitecompositefortheperiod2-8 November2015.Pinkdotsindicatehydrographicstations.

Contactus: info@nf-pogo-alumni.org NANOwebsite: www.nf-pogo-alumni.org

Figure8-Fourth-roottransformedabundanceofzooplanktontaxawithinNADRandNAST. Figure7-Similarityclusterdendrograms(left)andnon-metricmultidimensionalscaling3D ordinationplots(right)ofzooplanktontaxaabundanceatstationsaccordingto(a)Province and(b)trawllocation.

Figure5-Similarity clusterdendrograms (left)andnon-metric multidimensionalscaling3D ordinationplots(right)of phytoplanktonspecies abundanceathydrographic stations(BucketandCTD) accordingto(a)Provinceand (b)trawllocation.

Thisresearchworkinves�gatedthephytoplanktonand zooplanktoncommunitycomposi�onsatAmpèreseamount intheNASTprovinceanditsrela�ontotheNADRprovince. Resultshasproventobecontrarytothegeneralparadigm thatseamountsshowenhancedabundancescomparedto surroundingoceanicareas.Inourinves�ga�on,other factorssuchasupwellingatcon�nentalshelfseemtohave agreaterinfluenceonproduc�vitythantheAmpère seamounttopography,bathymetryandcurrentfield.Thisis inlinewithpreviousstudiesshowinghighchlorophyll biomesinseasonally-stra�fiedshelfseasoftheNADRand intermediatechlorophyllbiomeswiththeNASTprovince (Hardman-Moun�ordetal.,2008).Thelowphytoplankton andzooplanktonabundancesfoundatAmpèreseamount withintheNASTrela�vetotheNADRmaybebecauseofthe oligotrophiccondi�onsprevailingintheformerprovince. Alterna�vely,ahighernumberofpredatorsoverthe Horseshoeseamountcomplexmayreducezooplankton communi�esmeasureddirectlyoverthepinnacle.Largefish aggrega�ons,someofwhicharezooplank�vorous,were observedattheCoralPatchseamountadjacenttothe Ampèreseamount(Weinbergetal.,2013).Theeel Synaphobranchuskaupii,knowntofeedonamphipods, gastropodsandpolychaetes(Marques1998),wasdominant intrawlcatchesconductedonthemiddleandlowerslopes ofAmpèreseamount(Chris�ansenetal.2010),likely explainingthelowernumberofthesezooplanktonpreys recordedoverthepinnacle.

Althoughdiatomsanddinoflagellateswerebelievedto showhighergrowthratesinmoreproduc�vewaters(Denda etal.2016),thesetwogroupswerefoundinsimilar concentra�onswithintheNADRandNAST.The predominanceofcoccolithophoresattheAmpère seamountintheNASTprovinceislikelyaconsequenceof theoligotrophicenvironmentprevailinginthisregionsince theseorganismsareknowntooccurathighdiversi�esin nutrient-poorenvironments(Chris�ansenetal.2010).The rela�velylowrecordedzooplanktonabundanceswerealso inlinewithpreviousstudiesconductedduringthesame season(Chris�ansenetal.2010;DendaandChris�ansen 2014;Dendaetal.2016)andaretypicaloftheoligotrophic NASTprovince.Higherzooplanktonbiomassatupwelling zonesthanopenoceanareaswasalsoobservedinthe EasternSouthPacific(Gonzálezetal.,2019).Zooplankton

Figure6-PhytoplanktongroupspresentatNADR(stations2 and4);andNASTprovinces.NASTprovinceisfurther dividedintoopenocean(station8)andAmpèreseamount flanks(stations9,12and13).

Contactus: info@nf-pogo-alumni.org NANOwebsite: www.nf-pogo-alumni.org 17 ZooplanktonabundanceswithintheNADRandNAST provinces Zooplanktontaxaattheshelfsta�onswithintheNADRwere alsosegregatedfromthoseattheseamountsta�onswithin theNASTat30%similarity(Figure7).Zooplanktoncollected atAmpère’snearfield(sta�ons11and12)andfar-field (sta�ons14)sitesshowed50%similaritywithnosignificant differencesobservedintotalabundancebetweenthe easternandwesternflanks(W=4,p>0.05)(Figure7).While agreaterdiversityofzooplanktontaxawererecordedinthe NASTrela�vetotheNADRprovince,overallzooplankton countsweregreaterintheNADR(Figure 8).Calanoidcopepods,cyclopoidsand gastropodswerethemostabundant mesozooplanktontaxa(55.9%,10.7% and6.3%,respec�vely)collectedintheNADR.IntheNAST province,calanoidandharpac�coidcopepodsand ostracods(45.5%,11.2%and1.1%,respec�vely)werethe mostabundanttaxa.Allothertaxacontributedlessthan1% tothetotalcountsintheNAST. DiscussionandConclusion

Denda,A.andB.Chris�ansen.2014.Zooplanktondistribu�on pa�ernsattwoseamountsinthesubtropicalandtropicalNE Atlan�c.Mar.Ecol.35,159–179.h�ps://doi.org/10.1111/ maec.12065

Thisstudyfurtheradvancesknowledgeoftheecosystem func�oningwithintheNADRandattheAmpèreseamount. Nophytoplanktonandzooplanktonenhancementswere observedovertheseamount,althoughtheseamount phytoplanktonandzooplanktoncommuni�esweredis�nct fromthosesampledovertheEuropeancon�nentalshelf. mul�-disciplinaryresearchcruiseslikethePS95todetect anychangeintemperature,salinity,speciescomposi�on

GEBCOCompila�onGroup.2020.GEBCO2020Grid.DOI:10.5285/ a29c5465-b138-234d-e053-6c86abc040b9

GlobColour.2020.GlobcolourProductUserGuide.Version4.2.1 (30/03/2020).Pp19.h�p://www.globcolour.info/CDR_Docs/ GlobCOLOUR_PUG.pdf[accessed20Jul2020]

BiologicalAssocia�onoftheUnitedKingdom,97(1),1-27. DOI:10.1017/S0025315415002192

González,C.E.,R.Escribano,A.BodeandW.Schneider.2019. ZooplanktonTaxonomicandTrophicCommunityStructureAcross BiogeochemicalRegionsintheEasternSouthPacific.Fron�ersin MarineScience,5(498),1-13.doi:10.3389/fmars.2018.00498

Withtheglobalriseinseatemperatureandcarbondioxide levels,thecommunitystructuresintheNorth-EastAtlan�c provincesshouldberegularlymonitoredbyconduc�ng

Iacknowledgetheworkandsupportofthescien�ficand non-scien�ficstaffonboardthePS95cruise (AWI_PS95_00),chiefscien�stsRainerKnustandKarin Lochteandscien�stsMaartenBoersma,ClaudiaHanfland, BirgitHeim,ThereseKeck,AlexandraKraberg,Pauhla McGraneandKarenWiltshire.IthankKarinLochteforher usefulsugges�onsandcommentsinhelpingimprovethis manuscript.Ifurtherthankall2015NoSoATtraineeswho helpedcountphytoplanktonandzooplanktoncommuni�es: MuhammadAbdullah,KarlaAlujević,DominikAuch,Eleni Bintoudi,SarahCosgrove,MonicaDemetriou,ElvitaEglite, LowriEvans,MariaGkaragkouni,FriederikeGrimmer,Minna KatariinaHovi,JacquelineJerney,PatriciaKaiser, MohammedKajee,LaDaanaKanhai,GuillaumeLeGland, SeànLynch,EdemMahu,HugoMaxwell,DonalMcGee, AmritKumarMishra,NgwakoRabodibaAdamMohale, RosemaryMurphy,AnaNavarroCampoy,NgoziOguguah,Zo TsihoaranaRasoloarijao,HannaScheuffele,AndrewWard, PhilippWenta,Anne�eMargetWilsonandAmyWright.

Lavelle,W.andC.Mohn.2010.Mo�on,commo�on,and biophysicalconnec�onsatdeepoceanseamounts. Oceanography,23,90-103. Li,W.K.W.andW.G.Harrison.2001.Chlorophyll,bacteriaand picophytoplanktoninecologicalprovincesoftheNorthAtlan�c. Deep-SeaResearchPartII,48,2271-2293. Longhurst,A.R.1998.EcologicalGeographyoftheSea.Academic Press,SanDiego.p398 Longhurst,A.R.2007.TheAtlan�cOcean-NorthAtlan�cDri� Province(NADR)andNorthAtlan�cSubtropicalGyralProvince (NAST).In:EcologicalGeographyoftheSea,(2nded),USA: Elsevier,p119-129 Marañón,E.andP.M.Holligan.1999.Photosynthe�cparameters ofphytoplanktonfrom50°Nto50°SintheAtlan�cOcean.Mar. Ecol.Prog.Ser.,179,191-203. Marques,A.1998.AnoteonthedietofSynaphobranchuskaupi (Pisces:Synaphobranchidae)fromthePorcupineSeabight,NorthEastAtlan�c.JournaloftheMarineBiologicalAssocia�onofthe UnitedKingdom78,1385–1388. Pitcher,T.J.,T.Morato,P.J.B.Hart,M.R.Clark,N.HagganandR. S.Santos.(Ed).2007.Seamounts:Ecology,Fisheries& Conserva�on,BlackwellPublishingLtd,Oxford,UK Reygondeau,G.,A.Longhurst,E.Mar�nez,G.Beaugrand,D. AntoineandO.Maury.2013.Dynamicbiogeochemcalprovincesin theglobalocean.GlobalBiogeochemicalCycles,27,1046-1058. doi:10.1002/gbc.20089 Santos,M.,M.T.Moita,I.Bashmachnikov,G.M.Menezes,V. Carmo,C.M.Loureiro,A.Mendonça,A.F.SilvaandA.Mar�ns. 2013.Phytoplanktonvariabilityandoceanographiccondi�onsat Condorseamount,Azores(NEAtlan�c).Deep-SeaRes.II,98, 52-62.h�p://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.05.037 Schlitzer,R.2020.OceanDataView5.3.0,(h�p://odv.awi.de) Utermöhl,H.1958.ZurVervolkommnungderquan�ta�ve Phytoplankton-Methodik,in:Publica�onNo.9,editedby: Interna�onaleVereinigungfurTheore�scheandAngewandte Limnologie Weinberg,C.,P.Wintersteller,L.BeuckandD.Hebbeln.2013. CoralPatchseamount(NEAtlan�c)-asedimentologicaland megafaunalreconnaissancebasedonvideoandhydroacous�c surveys.Biogeosciences,10,3421-3443.DOI:10.5194/ bg-10-3421-2013

Contactus: info@nf-pogo-alumni.org NANOwebsite: www.nf-pogo-alumni.org18 abundancesarehypothesizedtoshowacertaindegreeof seasonalitywithhigherconcentra�onsinMaycomparedto winterduetonutrientreplenishmenta�erwintermixing (DendaandChris�ansen2014).Likepreviousstudies, calanoidcopepodswerethemostabundanttaxarecorded atAmpèreseamount,withnosignificantdifferencesintotal abundanceofallzooplanktonbetweenthetwoflanks (DendaandChris�ansen2014).

andbiodiversity. Acknowledgements

References Beckmann,A.andC.Mohn.2002.Theupperoceancircula�onat GreatMeteorSeamount.PartII:Reten�onpoten�alofthe seamount-inducedcircula�on.OceanDynamics,52,194-204. Chris�ansen,B,L.Albers,T.Brand,A.Chivers,H.Chris�ansen,S. Chris�ansen,A.Denda,T.Diniz,K.H.George,I.Irion,T.Janßen,M. Kaufmann,B.Kullmann,P.Lamont,T.Molodtsova,J.Montgomery, F.Peine,A.Schneehorst,A.Schuster,B.Springer,H.Stahl,B. Stefanowitsch,G.Turner,R.Turnewitsch,R.Vieira,S.VogelandH. Wehrmann.2010.BiodiversityandBiologicalProduc�onata ShallowNEAtlan�cSeamount(AmpèreSeamount).METEORBerichte,CruiseNo.M83/2,64pp.DFG-Senatskommissionfür OzeanographieDOI:10.2312/cr_m83_2

Denda,A.,C.Mohn,H.WehrmannandB.Chris�ansen.2016. Microzooplanktonandmeroplanktoniclarvaeattwoseamounts inthesubtropicalandtropicalNEAtlan�c.JournaloftheMarine

Hardman-Moun�ord,N.J.,T.Hirata,K.A.RichardsonandJ.Aiken. 2008.Anobjec�vemethodologyfortheclassifica�onofecological pa�ernintobiomesandprovincesforthepelagicocean.Remote SensingofEnvironment,112,3341-3352.doi:10.1016/ j.rse.2008.02.016

Chris�ansen,B.,R.P.Vieira,S.Chris�ansen,A.Denda,F.Oliveira andJ.M.S.Gonçalves.2015.ThefishfaunaofAmpèreSeamount (NEAtlan�c)andtheadjacentabyssalplain.Helgol.Mar.Res.69, 13–23.h�ps://doi.org/10.1007/s10152-014-0413-4

IamfascinatedbytheEarths’climatesystemandthe an�cipateandpreparefortheseresponses.

UtrechtUniversity,TheNetherlands Alumnaprofile:https://nf-pogo-alumni.org/profile/Emmak/ Contactus: info@nf-pogo-alumni.org NANOwebsite: www.nf-pogo-alumni.org 19 Researchcommunica�ons Reconstruc�ngthemigra�onoftheAntarc�cPolarFrontattheSouthernIndian OceanacrossthePleistoceneGlacial-Interglacials EmmaKilcoyne IthasbeenalmostthreeyearssinceIgraduatedwitha BachelorofMarineScienceandbeganmyjourneyasan earlycareerscien�st.Equippedwithapassionforlearning andakeeninterestintheEarth’sOceanandclimatesystem, Ipar�cipatedintheNF-POGOshipboardtrainingSouthNorthAtlan�cTransect(SoNoAT)onboardtheRV Polarstern.Whileonboard,Iwasintroducedtothe prominentandnovelresearchareasinMarineSciences. Surroundedandsupportedbypassionatepeers,this expedi�onopenedmyeyestowhatIwantedtostudyand achieve:amul�facetedapproachtoclimatestudies.

Whatdoesthewindenergyindustryrelyonthemost?You guessedit,wind!Formostoftheacademicworld,itwould seemnaturalthattheindustryshouldlookatwell-known atmosphericoscilla�onsandevenocean-atmosphere coupledmechanismsliketheElNiño,right?Sadly,thisisnot thecasetoday;hardlyanycompaniesinthisspaceare ac�velystudyingclimatemechanismsandtheireffectson windfarmsinthelongterm.Atypicalwindfarmisexpected tolastaround20-25yearsbeforetheturbinesneed replacement.Onaclima�cscale,thisisashortblip,but climatemechanismsliketheNorthAtlan�cOscilla�onand ENSOhaveoscilla�onperiodsthatareafrac�onofthe lifespanofthewindfarms.Currently,theindustryassumes thatthefuture20yearsonawindfarmwouldlooksimilar tothepast20years’windpa�erns,whichisprovingtobea misguidedapproach.

Mostofmyworkrevolvesaround studyingtheeffectsoflong-term clima�cphenomenaonwindfarmsites

WindPioneers,India

fluctua�onsithasexperiencedovergeological�mescales, withapar�cularinterestintheroleofoceandynamicsin climatechange.Thisledmetothe‘EarthLifeandClimate’ MasterprogrammeatUtrechtUniversityandmycurrent thesisproject.MythesisaimstoreconstructtheAntarc�c PolarFrontalSystemduringthePleistoceneepoch.Iam currentlyprocessingsamplesforpalynologyfromthecore MD19-3576,takenduringtheCROTALEcruise(MD218)in theSouthernIndianOcean,northof thepresent-dayloca�onofthe subantarc�cfront. ThedeepoceanholdsthegreatestCO₂ reservoir/budgeton theplanet.TheAntarc�cCircumpolarCurrent(ACC)-with itsassociatedupwellingbranchesandfrontalsystem-is fundamentalintheredistribu�onofwatermasses,heat, anddeep-seasequesteredCO₂ tothesurfaceocean. CovaryingAntarc�ctemperaturesandpCO₂ levelsduring thePleistocenepertaintotheroleoftheSouthernOceanin millennial-scaleclimateoscilla�ons.MarineIsotopeStage5 (MIS5)andMarineIsotopeStage11(MIS11)bothoccurin thePleistoceneandaretheclosestanaloguestomodern climateforecastsandpredic�onsoutlinedbytheShared SocioeconomicPathways-Representa�veConcentra�on Pathway.Inves�ga�nghowtheSouthernOceanresponded totheseinterstadialsmayofferusinsightintothedynamics andresponseoftheclimatesystemandhowtheearthmay respondinthefuturetoclimatechangeandallowusto

andfindingmethodstoquan�fythese impacts.Amajorityoftheinputdata forthiscomesfromcommonreanalysisdatasetssuchas ERA5.Observeddataforthesitesthemselvescomefrom datacollec�onconductedbyplacingmeteorologicalmasts onsiteforaperiodcalledthemeasurementcampaign.Most windfarmdevelopersandinvestorsonlyhavethe�me/ budgettocarryoutshortmeasurementcampaigns,usually rangingfromafewmonthstoacoupleofyears.These periodsaretooshorttostudytheeffectsofclimate mechanisms,andhence,climatedataarecrucialinforming agoodunderstandinghere. Currently,theindustrylackssophis�catedandrobusttools tocarryoutclima�canalysesonsites.Apartfromclimate mechanismsthathavealreadybeenmodelled,climate changeisanothercrucialfactorwhichhasbarelybeen studiedintermsofitsimpactonwindfarms.Itisquite exci�ngtobeworkingontheseproblems,andIbelievethe industrywouldbenefitfromhavingmorepeopleinsuch roles. Myworkinvolvescrea�ngalgorithmsandcode-based solu�onstoanswertheseques�ons.Mybackgroundin Physicshelpedmeunderstandoceanicandatmospheric circula�ons.Inaddi�on,theprogrammingknowledgeI

Alumnaprofile:https://nf-pogo-alumni.org/profile/Anjana/ GivingtheWindIndustryaClimateScienceUpgrade AnjanaAravind

Asanygoodclimatescien�stwilltellyou,there’sboundto beanatmosphericreac�ontosignificantoceanic phenomena,andthesereac�onsarereflectedinwind pa�ernsacrosstheworld.Thesepa�ernscanbeloosely forecastusingexis�ngclimatemodels,butthisiss�llnew territoryfortheindustry.Iworkasaclimateresearcherfor awindenergyconsultancy,andmyjobistobreakintothis territory;thecompanyiscalledWindPioneers,a�erall.We areprimarilyanengineeringconsultancythatdealswithsite finding,measurements,design,windresourceassessments andenergyproduc�onassessments.Thelatestinthismixis climateresearch.

Contactus: info@nf-pogo-alumni.org NANOwebsite: www.nf-pogo-alumni.org20 Researchcommunica�ons

developedduringmy�meinacademiaalsoprovedtobean advantage.MyfirstexposuretoRprogrammingwas onboardtheRVPolarstern,whereIwasashipboardtrainee inthe2019SoNoAT.Theintroduc�ontothelanguageduring oneofthemodulesontheshiphelpedgreatlyincrea�ng toolsforthecompanytostudyvaria�onsinclimate mechanisms.ApartfromR,IalsolearnedPython programmingwhileworkingasaninternonclimatemodels suchasCMIP5andseaicemodelssuchasPISM-PIK,which comesinhandy.

CenterforClimateandResilienceResearch,UniversityofConcepción,Chile Alumnusprofile:https://nf-pogo-alumni.org/profile/LucasDLM/ Fromfieldscien�sttocomputerrat,whowouldhavethought?

Antarc�caanddecidednottogo.This causedadelayinthescheduled ac�vi�esoftheexpedi�on,sothey neededpeopleabletoworkasajackof alltradesandsetupeverythinginthe �mewehadle�.ThisnewcrewwascomposedofJuan Faundez(UdeC/PUC,Chile),RobertIzzet(UBC,Canada)and myself. Thechallengewastoimplementacon�nuouswater pumpingsystemabletocarrywaterforaround400mtoa laboratoryandwithstandtheharshclima�ccondi�onsof theaustralcon�nent(thiswasthejobofthefirstcrew) duringthesummermonthsandeventuallyyear-round(but that’sforthefuture)attheArturoPratbaseinGreenwich Island(SouthernShetlandislands).Thiswaterwasthen distributedamongawideassortmentofinstruments

severalindustry-specificso�waretoolstoprocessand analysethesedata.Rightnow,thebestmethodthatthese toolshaveforcrea�nganykindofpredic�onaboutwind pa�ernsinthenearfutureistheMeasure-Correlate-Predict process.Essen�ally,theobserveddatafromthe measurementcampaignarecorrelatedwithreanalysisdata sets,andahindcasted�me-seriesiscreatedforthesite.In the‘Predict’step,themeanofthehindcasted�me-seriesis consideredthelong-termmeanwindspeedforthesite.This methoddoesnottakeintoaccountanyoftheregional climatevaria�onsinthesiteloca�on,whichisa disadvantage.Thisisonewayamongmanyinwhichthe industryfallsbehindincrea�ngaccuratepredic�onsforthe futureoftheirwindfarms.Asaclimateresearcherina worldofwindengineers,Ihopetobeapartofdrivingthat change.

Credits:Pixabay

LucasdelaMazaFernández

Windspeedmeasurementmastsandturbinesthemselves areconstantlyupda�ngparameterdatainnearreal-�meto loggersystems.Mostofthebehind-the-scenesworkin developingandmaintainingawindfarmreliesheavilyon thesedata.Thisisalsothecaseformyresearch.Thereare

IamaMarinebiologistwholosthiswayandsomehow endedupworkinginphysical-ishobserva�onal oceanography(andlovingit!).Mymaininterestishow physicalprocessesinteractwithpopula�on/community dynamicsandhowtheseinterac�onsshapemarine ecosystems.Thelasttwoyearshavebeencrazyforallofus, butfortunatelydespiteallthedifficul�es,sciencehas carriedon. InJanuary2020,Ireceivedacallfromacolleagueoffering metheopportunitytopar�cipateinthepilotstagesofa projectinAntarc�ca.Ofcourse,thisnewswasbi�ersweet; thereasonI’vebeenofferedthisjobwasduetoanaccident thatoccurredafewdayspriorthecall,aplanewith38 peopleonboardhaddisappeared.Somepeoplethatwere supposedtogotosetuptheini�alpartsoftheprojectwere, quiteunderstandably,waryofhoppingonaplaneto

Contactus: info@nf-pogo-alumni.org NANOwebsite: www.nf-pogo-alumni.org 21 Researchcommunica�ons

TheotherprojectIwasinvolvedisaffiliatedtothe Centerfor ClimateandResilience andtheUniversityofConcepción (UdeC)anddealswithlongtermvariabilityatanupwelling regionoffthecoastofConcepción,Chile.UdeCmaintainsa �me-seriessitewithover20yearsofphysical,chemicaland biologicaldata.Myworkherefocusesmainlyonanalysing oxygendynamics,fromlongtermtohigh-frequency variability,understandingthemechanismsandquan�fying theexpansionofcoastalhypoxicwatersoverthelast20 years.Herewedigdeepintoupwelling,seasonalvariability, interannualvariability(ENSO)anddecadaltrendscombining datafromdifferentsourcessuchassatellite, insitu observa�onsfromthe�meseriessiteandand meteorologicalsta�ons.Wedescribeallthesescalesof variabilityinlightofpreviousstudiesandexplainhowand whytheenvironmentalcondi�onsoffthecoastare changing,andwhatconsequencesthismayhaveina manuscript,currentlyunderreview.Thereisalsoa publishedwork withpreliminaryresultsfromthisproject, butonlyavailableinSpanish(exceptfortheabstract).

Credits:LucasdelaMazaFernández

measuringfluorescence,O₂,CH₄,N₂OandN₂,amongother variables,withenoughpressurefortheinstrumentsto func�onproperly.WealsohadtodeployaCTmooringat thewaterintakeandsetuptheautomatedvalvesystemfor agasspectroscopyequilibratorwhileiden�fyingand adjus�ngforanyproblemswiththemeasurementsbeing taken.Allofthiswithverylimitedinternetaccessandnot toomanyop�onstogetsparematerialsifneeded.Easy peasy,right?

During2021,I’vebeenworkingontwoprojectsatdifferent researchcentres,oneofwhichdealswiththeexplora�onof TemperateMesopho�cEcosystems(TMEs),alsoreferredto asthetwilightzones,whicharelocatedbetween30and100 mdeep(rangesvarybetweendifferentregions).Inthis project,calledNUTME(yes,Iknow)atPon�ficiaUniversidad CatólicadeChile,myrolewastogivethefirstinsightintothe physicalcondi�onsofTMEsandtodoapreliminary

assessmentoftheirpoten�alasarefugefromclima�c variability.Spoileralert:theyarenotasshelteredasitis usuallythought.Theyarequitesensi�vetoclima�c variability,suchasElNiño.Wehaveapublica�onin prepara�ononthatsubjectforthosewhoareinterestedto knowmore.BesidesmyworkwhichendedinDecember 2021,thereisalotmorebeingdone,likethe implementa�onofmooredsensorstoestablishabaseline of�meseriesincludingsalinity,temperatureandoxygen; thetrainingofateamofdiverstoreachmesopho�cdepths withrebreather;aROVisbeingcondi�onedtooperateat depthtorecordandsample,andmuchmore.Youcanvisit

Ilearnedalotonthego,andtheexpedi�onwasasuccess thankstothegreatteamformedbetweentheresidentcrew atthebaseandourgroup.Itwasnotwithoutitssetbacks, buteventhen,wehad�metohikearoundtheisland,and weeventookashorttriponaboattolookaround.Oneof themostamazingthingsthatIexperiencedtherewasthe behaviorofthewildlife;theywerenotscaredofhumans, mostlikelyduetotheabsenceoflandpredatorsandthe strictregula�onsregardinghuman-wildlifeinterac�on.Iwas abletoseewhales(whichmycamerawasnotableto capture,unfortunately),manyspeciesofsealsand penguins,amongothers.Therewasapar�cularlycurious groupofpenguinsthatwerealwayspokingtheirnosesin ourwork.Atonepoint,theyapproachedmelikeatrioof clumsyandverywell-dressedgangstersasiftheydemanded anexplana�onforwhatwerewedoingtotheirhome.

theNUTME website or instagramaccount toseeimagesand moredetailedinforma�onabouttheproject.

Scholaratthe2008-2009NF-POGOCentreofExcellenceattheBermudaInstituteofOceanSciences,Mimoy waspresentatthemeetingwhereNANOwasbornandactivelyengagedinNANOactivities,participatingin meetingsandcontributingtotheSoutheastAsiaprojectandtheNANONewsletter. MimoywasaUniversityResearchAssociateIIattheMarineScienceInstitute,UniversityofthePhilippines. WeasksomeofhermanyfriendsinNANOtomaketheirtributetohermemory. Kathleen(Mimoy)Silvano

Inlovingmemoryof

“MimoyandImetattheBiologicalOceanographywhichwas headedbyDr.LianaTalaue-McManus.Welaterbecame classmatesingradschool,colleaguestonumerous environmentalprojects,andthebestoffriendsalltheyears a�er.Shewasconstantlyawayfornumerousfieldworksor abroadpursuingherPhDbutitdidn’treallyma�erhowlong shewasgone,wewouldalwayspickuprightwherewele�off any�meweweretogether-usuallyoveracupofcoffeeoracan ofbeer.

-JDPalermo Credits:K.entaroSuzuki Credits:JosephParlermo “"Suchajoyfulandlovingsoulwillforeversparka tendersmileinourhearts.Restinpeace!" -Cá�aMa�as

Contactus: info@nf-pogo-alumni.org NANOwebsite: www.nf-pogo-alumni.org22 On29th November2021welostourdearMimoytoCOVID.

Mimoywasthekindoffriendwhowouldexpectthebest versionofyouandwillmakesurethatyou’redoingfine.She wasintoOceanColorRemoteSensingandherskillswent beyondmerelysensingthecorals,mangroves,plankton,and seagrassesintheocean.Shehadthisbuilt-inalgorithmto effec�velysenseyourcondi�ontoo.Nearorfarandingoodor bad�messhehadmybacknoma�erwhat.Iwillneverforget ourWWFconsultancyprojectinTubbatahaReefNaturalPark wherewedoveintothesharkinfestedwatertoinstallthe�de gauge,ADCP,andthermistor.Sheheldtwodiveknives, strategicallykeptherselfinana�ackposi�onbehindmyback andwaitedforanysurprisesharka�ackwhileImountedthe moorings.Sheliterallywasincharacterasoneofthose ‘Charlie’sAngels’atthat�me.Ithinkherfeistya�tudedrove awaythecurioussharkslurkingaroundus. Shewasthefirsttocongratulatemeoveramemorablevideo callrighta�erIdefendedmyPhDdisserta�onearlylastyear andwewerelookingforwardtomeetandcelebrateformany reasonsa�erhavingourcovidvaccines.Eventhoughthe passingofMimoywassudden,herimpactcannotbecontained inthisshortwriteupofmine.Hermemorywillliveonwithme, herfellowPogonians,colleagues,family,andfriends.Inher emailsandtextmessages,sheconstantlyincluded‘Mimoy GandaorMimoyBeau�ful’ashersignature.Herradiant beauty,indeed,hasmadelifesobeau�fulinthoseshared moments.IamsogratefultohaveknownMimoy.”

MayyourBeau�fulSoulRestinPeace,MIMOY.”

Contactus: info@nf-pogo-alumni.org NANOwebsite: www.nf-pogo-alumni.org 23 Credits:HoussemSmeti Credits:TinHoangCong Credits:TinHoangCong "Almost12.5yearsago, wemetinaduskat"WIND" yourbrighteyeswithcheerfulsmile mademecomfortableandserene inaunknownsmallisland thousandsmilesawayfromhome Yes!youaresuchatruefriend alwaysreadytohelpothers andmaketolaugh evenindifficult�me andacademicphobia Yesyouaresuchastronglady amonglongstandingPOGOnians wholovessatellitesandplayed withtheirorbitstosee theoceanasitis, forthesakeofscience youhadlongwaytogo.... andcherishamongrenowned but,likeadevilindeepbluesea covidpandemicgraspedyourbreath andseparatedyoufromusandthe world so,nowyouareasmallstar inthismilkyway onedaywewillmeetasgalaxy un�lthen,keepsmiling darlingbuddy"MIMOY" Myhear�estTributetoMIMOY YourSriLankanFriend” -W.N.C.Priyadarshani

"ItiswithsadnessthatIheardofMimoy’spassedaway.Iwasluckyto spendmanyhappy,inspiringdayswithHerinBIOS,Bermuda.She won’tbeforgo�en.Wewillmissandloveyouforever.”

-HoangCongTin

Credits:TinHoangCong

-HoussemSme�

“IfirstheardaboutMimoyfromhercolleagueandclosefriend JosephDomenicPalero(JD),whenwewerea�endingthe 2008-2009NF-POGOCenterofExcellentinObserva�onal OceanographyheldatBIOS,Bermuda.Hetoldmeshewasavery sweetandkindsoulandalsoverythoughinfieldworkand research. ItwasagreatpleasuretomeetherinpersonduringtheNFPOGO-organizedNetworkPlanningMee�nginOctober2010,at theRoyalSocietyinLondon,whichlaidthefounda�onsforthe establishmentofNANO.Shewassokind,alwayssmilingand superposi�ve.Althoughwesaweachotherforonlyafewdays, eventodayIs�llhaveaveryfondmemoryofher.

Contactus: info@nf-pogo-alumni.org NANOwebsite: www.nf-pogo-alumni.org24 “HeyMimoy!Youwerealwaysfunand“weird”forme. Ilovedyourbigsmilesandloudlaughter.Iwasshocked byyourstronginterestsonphallicsymbols.Iwashappy toknowwehadthesamemannerofea�ngfish(ea�ng notonlyfillet,butalsoheadmeatoreveneyes),though peoplefromothercountriesmightthinkwewere “weird”. WhenItakebullettrainsforfieldobserva�ons,the sceneryofMt.Fujifromthewindows,whichyoureally wantedtosee,alwaysremindsmeyourmemory. CanyouseeMt.Fujifromyourcurrentplace?Canyou seetheJapanesetradi�onalfes�valaboutphallic symbols,whichyouwantedtojoin? Iwillgatherfunnyand“weird”storiestomakeyoulaugh un�lwewillmeetagain. Seeyoulater!” YourJapanesefriend, -KentaroSuzuki “RememberingMimoy,becausememoriesareallwe haveofhernow. Irememberhersmilethatwouldlightenherwhole face, thetwinkleinhereyes. Irememberherirrepressiblepersonality, thelaughterthatseemedtobubbleupfrominsideher. Aboveall,Irememberherkindnesstoherfriends, thewayshewouldalwaysgotheextramilewhena friendwasinneed. Letusturntoherforinspira�on,tomakeuskinder towardsournearanddearones. RememberingMimoy.” -ShubhaSathyendranath “Severalyearshavepassedsincewelastmet withMimoy.DespitethisIs�llrememberher contagioussmilewhichalwaysmadeany situa�oneasierandlifeofallsurrounding peopleabithappier.Shehadagi�tosimplify difficul�esandcheeruppeople.Itistrulya bereavementforourNF-POGOgroup,anditis hardtobelieveshepassedawaysoearly.We willalwaysrememberherasagreatfriendand areliablemate.Andwewillmissheralot.” -KirillKivva Credits:LilianKrug Credits:LilianKrug Credits:LilianKrug

“MimoyandIbecameinstantbestfriendswhenwemet. Wewherecolleagues,flatmatesandpartnersincrimeduring our�meinBermuda. HerfriendshipwassoimportantthatIdidnotpassthe opportunityofbringinghertoPortugalwhenaresearch assistantposi�onwasmadeavailable. Hereagainwesharethelabandthecondo,thefriendsandthe adventures.

Mimoymissedherfamilyandfriendsbackhomeandreturned tothePhilippines.Time,distance,workandlifemadeusdri� apart,butthelovewass�llthere. Mimoywassokindandgeneroustoeveryone.Thereisno singlepersonwhoknewherthatcouldsaydifferentorstay indifferenttohergoofy,shining,smartanda�en�vecharacter. Theworldisali�lelessbrighternow.Welostherphysical presencebutwewillalwayshaveherinourmemoriesand hearts. Toosoon,Mimoy,waytoosoon.

Loveyouforever.” -LilianKrug

“IfirstcametoknowMimoyinmyfirstyearworkingforPOGOas Scien�ficCoordinator(2010),whenweinvitedaselectnumberof NF-POGOalumnitoa�endthefirstplanningmee�ngforwhat wouldbecometheNANOnetwork.Shehadrecentlycompletedthe NF-POGOCentreofExcellencetraininginBermudaandbeen iden�fiedbyGerryPlumley(atthe�meCofECoordinator),Trevor Pla�andShubhaSathyendranath(atthe�mePOGOExecu�ve DirectorandAssistantDirector,respec�vely,andbothinstructors fortheCofERemoteSensingmodule)asapoten�alkeycontributor totheestablishmentofNANO.Notonlydidshebecomeakey contributor,butshelitupeverymee�ngroomshewasinwithher hugesmileandinfec�ouslaughter.Trevorusedtorefertoher fondlyasbeing“cheeky”,whichIthinkwasagooddescrip�onshehadagreatsenseofhumourandmischievouspersonality, whichwereimpossiblenottolike.A�ertheinauguralNANO Mee�ng,Mimoywentontoa�endsubsequentNANO Coordina�onMee�ngsin2011and2013,whichformally establishedNANOanditsac�vi�es:communica�ons,outreach, andmostimportantlytheregional(andnowglobal)research projects.IamforevergratefultoMimoyforhercontribu�ons towardsthecrea�onofNANO,andwillalwayskeepfond memoriesofmyinterac�onswithher.I’msurehersmilecon�nues toliveoninthememoriesofallwhoknewher:).”

-SophieSeeyave

Contactus: info@nf-pogo-alumni.org NANOwebsite: www.nf-pogo-alumni.org 25

Contactus: info@nf-pogo-alumni.org NANOwebsite: www.nf-pogo-alumni.org26 Scien�ficeventsannouncements 6�� XiamenSymposiumonMarineEnvironmentalSciences(XMAS) Xiamen,China 9-12January2023 Initssixthitera�on,XMAS-VIwillbeheldwiththethemefocusingonMul�disciplinaryandSolu�onSciencesfora SustainableandHealthyOcean.Thesymposiumwillconsistofvariousinterconnectedsessionscoveringphysical oceanography,marinebiogeochemistry,biologicaloceanography,geologicaloceanography,andmarineecotoxicologyalong withworkshopsandothereventsforemergingtopicsinmarineenvironmentalsciencessuchasocean-basedcarbon removal,oceansustainability,etc. Deadlineforabstracts 30Sep2022 h�ps://melmee�ng.xmu.edu.cn/xmas/index.asp EBUS&theHumboldtCurrentSystemConference2022 Lima,Peru(hybridevent) 19-23September2022 TheOpenScienceConferenceonEasternBoundaryUpwellingSystems(EBUS):Past,PresentandFutureandtheSecond Interna�onalConferenceontheHumboldtCurrentSystemwillbringtogetherPhDstudents,earlycareerscien�stsandworld expertstounderstand,review,andsynthesizewhatisknownaboutdynamics,sensi�vity,vulnerabilityandresilienceof EasternBoundaryUpwellingSystemsandtheirlivingresourcestoclimatevariability,changeandextremeevents. DeadlineforEarlybirdregistra�on 30Aug2022 h�ps://www.ebus-lima2022.com/ 39�� Interna�onalSymposiumonRemoteSensingofEnvironment Antalya,Turkey 24-28April2023 Thissymposiumisen�tleFromHumanNeedstoSDGsandthemaintopicsincludeClimate,WeatherandAtmosphere(SDG 13);AgricultureandFoodSecurity(SDG2);Forest,BiodiversityandEcosystems(SDG15);WaterResourcesandWaterCycle (SDG6);MarineandCoastalEnvironmentResourcesandDynamic(SSDG14);DevelopmentofSustainableSocie�esand HumanHeritage(SDGs8and11);PublicHealth(SDG3)andmore. Deadlineforabstracts 14Oct2022 h�ps://isrse39.com/Default.aspx Formoretraining,eventsandjobopportuni�esonoceansciencesvisit h�ps://nf-pogo-alumni.org/news/opportuni�es/ orfollowusinsocialmedia Twi�er h�ps://twi�er.com/NANO4Ocean Facebook h�ps://www.facebook.com/NANO4Ocean

PartnershipforObserva�onoftheGlobalOcean(POGO) PlymouthMarineLaboratory,ProspectPlace PlymouthPL13DH UnitedKingdom POGOSecretariat Tel.+44(0)1752633424 E-mail pogoadmin@pml.ac.uk NANONews21ChiefEditor:YohanD.Louis LayoutDesignEditor:LilianKrug http://www.nippon-foundation.or.ja/eng/ http://www.pogo-ocean.org h�ps://nf-pogo-alumni.org/about/newsle�ers/ https://nf-pogo-alumni.org/