India perspectives Tamil October-December 2017 by Indian Diplomacy

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20/01/18 5:32 pm

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vg;nghOJ: 2018 [dthp 26 vq;Nf: GJ nly;yp

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vg;nghOJ: 2018 [dthp 18 Kjy; 27 tiu vq;Nf: Mf;uh> cj;jug; gpuNjrk;

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Kd;Diu fle;j rpy khjq;fshf ,e;jpahtpd; murpay; fhyz;luhdJ ,Ujug;G kw;Wk; gd;Kfj;jd;ik vd Kf;fpakhd> cah;kl;l gzpfspy; kpfTk; gp]pahf ,Ue;J tUfpwJ. ,e;jpa jhprdj;jpd; ,e;j rpwg;G ntspaPl;by;> 2018 Mk; Mz;L [dthpapy; Kjd; Kjyhf ,e;jpahtpy; elf;ftpUf;Fk; Mrpahd;-,e;jpah epidT tpoh cr;rp khehl;by; Mw;wg; NghFk; gzpfisg; ghh;g;Nghk;. Mrpahd; ehLfSldhd ,e;jpahtpd; cwTfspd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij rpwg;gpf;Fk; tpjkhf> midj;J Mrpahd; cWg;G ehLfSldhd ,e;jpahtpd; cwTfis cWjpg;gLj;Jk; xU thpir Kf;fpa epfo;r;rpfs; elj;jg;gLfpd;wd. gj;jphpf;ifapd; ,e;j ntspaPl;by; fle;j 36 tUlq;fspy; gpypg;igd;]; ehl;bw;F gazk; nra;j Kjy; ,e;jpaj; jiytuhd gpujkh; eNue;jpu Nkhb mth;fs; 2017 etk;ghpy; Nkw;nfhz;l ntw;wpfukhd gaz tptuKk; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ. ghJfhg;G> njhopy; kw;Wk; kdpjhgpkhd cjtp Nghd;w gy xg;ge;jq;fspy; ifnaOj;jplg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,j;jhypa gpujkh; kw;Wk; Mg;fhdpa mjpgh; ,e;jpahtpw;F tUif je;jJk; ,e;j ntspaPl;by; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ. 2017 Mk; Mz;by; ,e;jpahTk; %d;W muR Kiwg; gazq;fis Nkw;nfhz;Ls;sJ> ,jpy; ,U ehLfspd; jiyth;fSk; ,Ujug;G xj;Jiog;G Fwpj;j fUj;Jf;fisAk; kw;Wk; gu];gu eyd;fs; Fwpj;j gpw gpur;ridfisAk; xUtUf;nfhUth; gfph;e;J nfhz;ldh;. gpuahzk; vd;w gphptpy;> xt;nthU tifahd gazpf;Fk; VjhtJ xd;iw toq;Fk; tpjkhf trPfukhd ,lq;fisf; nfhz;Ls;s khepykhd kj;jpag; gpuNjrj;jpd; mofpa epyg;gFjp topahf xU gazj;jpw;F ehq;fs; cq;fis mioj;Jr; nry;fpNwhk;. And];Nfhtpd; cyf ghuk;ghpa jskhd gPk;ngl;fh kiy thr];jyq;fs; topahf Gypfs; ruzhyaq;fs; kw;Wk; ahj;hpf ];jyq;fs;> ,aw;if tpUk;gpfs;> Md;kPf Mh;tsh;fs;> Xa;it ehLgth;fs; kw;Wk; kw;Wk; mNefUk; jq;fs; Njly; jhfj;ij jzpj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; xd;iw fhz;ghh;fs;. tUlhe;jpu uhd; cl;rtkhdJ F[uhj;jpd; fyhr;rhuj;ijAk; mjd; E}w;whz;L goikahd ghuk;ghpaq;fisAk; nfhz;lhLfpwJ. gpuhe;jpaj;jpd; vk;g;uha;lhp kw;Wk; mofhd iftpidg; nghUl;fs; cl;gl mjd; kf;fs;> fyhr;rhuk; kw;Wk; cj;Ntfj;ij ehk; ghh;g;Nghk;. tlfpof;F ,e;jpahtpd; rf;jptha;e;j Mil tbtikg;Gj; Jiw kw;Wk; ghuk;ghpa cj;jpfspd; gq;F kw;Wk; mq;F gad;gLj;jg;gLk; nghUl;fs; Fwpj;j xU Mokhd mwpit ehq;fs; cq;fSf;F nfhLf;fpNwhk;. Mrpa $l;likg;gpd; kfsph; Fj;Jr;rz;il rhk;gpad;\pg;gpy; Ie;jhtJ jq;fg; gjf;fj;ij ntd;wjd; %yk; ,e;jpa Fj;Jr;rz;il tPuq;fid vk;.rp Nkhp Nfhk; kPz;Lk; tuyhW gilj;Js;shh;. jdJ gazj;jpy; mth; Nkw;nfhz;l el;rj;jpu Nfhpah; kw;Wk; rthy;fs; Fwpj;j kfpikahd jUzq;ffisAk; ehk; Muha;fpNwhk;.

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31 n ntspaPL 5 & 6 n mf;Nlhgh;-brk;gh; 2017

MrpupaH: utP\; FkhH cjtp MrpupaH: MLK uh[h ntsptptfhu mikr;R miw ,y. 152> ~V| gpupT> rh];jpup gtd;> GJby;yp- 110001, ,e;jpah njh.: 91.11.23388949> 23381719 njhiyefy;.: 91.11.23384663 ,izak;: http://www.indiandiplomacy.in fUj;J my;yJ Nfs;tpfspw;F: osdpd2@mea.gov.in

khf;];NghrH kPbah F&g; ,e;jpah gpiuNtl; ypkpw;nwl; jiyik epu;thf mjpfhup & epu;thf ,af;Fdu;: gpufh\; N[h`up ,af;Fdu;: tpfh]; N[h`up jiyaq;fk; ,af;Fdu;: n[a;jh ge;Njhghj;gha jiyik mYtyfk; khf;n]f;]N ; ghrH kPbah F&g; #TheAddress, gpshl; vz; 62> Xf;yh fl;lk; -3> GJ by;yp - 110020 ,e;jpah njh: +91.11.43011111 > njhiyefy;: +91.11.43011199

CIN No: U22229DL2006PTC152087 fUj;J my;yJ Nfs;tpfspw;F:

indiaperspectives@maxposuremedia.com

Nfs;tpfspw;F | MMGIPL njh: +91.11.43011111 njhiyefy;: +91.11.43011199 www.maxposuremedia.com

,e;jpa juprdk; mNugpak;> g`rh> ,e;NjhNdrpak;> Mq;fpyk;> gpnud;Q>; N[Hkd;> ,e;jp> ,j;jhypak;>; gh\;Njh> ghurPfk;> NghHj;Jf;Nfak;> u\pak;> rpq;fsk;> ];ghdp\> jkpo;> rPdk;> ag;ghdpak; Mfpa nkhopfspy; gpuRupf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,e;jpa juprdk; MdJ miw ,y. 152> ~V| gpupT> rh];jpup gtH> GJby;yp – 110001 vd;w tpyhrj;jps;s $Ljy; nrayhsu;; (MEA) $l;Lr; nrayhsUk;> cj;jpNahfg+Htg; Ngr;rhsUkhd utP\; Fkhu;; gpuRupf;fg;gLfpwJ> NkYk; MEA-,d; rhHghf #TheAddress, gpshl; vz; 62> Xf;yh fl;lk; -3> GJ by;yp 110020 ,e;jpah vd;w tpyhrj;jpYs;s khf;]N ; gh\H kPbah F&g; ,e;jpah gpiuNtw; ypkpw;nwl; (MMGIPL) epWtdj;jhy; gpuRupf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,e;jpa juprdk; xU tUlj;jpy; MW jlitfs; ntspaplg;gLfpwJ. midj;J cupikfSk; ghJfhf;fg;gl;lit. ,jpYs;s vOj;jhf;fk;> glNtiy kw;Wk;/ my;yJ Gifg;glj;ij ‘,e;jpa juprdj;jpw;F” ed;wp njuptpj;J cgNahfpf;fyhk; my;yJ kW mr;rplyhk;. ,.nt.m kw;Wk; MMGIPL Mfpait kdkhuf; nfhLf;fg;gl;l nghUl;fs;> ifnaOj;Jg; gpujpfs;> Gifg;glq;fs;> glNtiy> xspa+LUT glq;fs; my;yJ kw;iwa nghUl;fspd; ,og;gpw;F nghWg;ig Vw;Wf;nfhs;s khl;lh. ,r;rQ;rpifapy; ntspg;gLj;jg;gLk; fUj;Jfs; ,.nt.m my;yJ MMGIPL ,d; fUj;Jf;fshf ,Uf;f Ntz;ba mtrpakpy;iy.

vq;fisg; gpd;gw;Wq;fs;: http://www.facebook.com/MEA http://www.twitter.com/MEA http://www.youtube.com/MEA ,e;jpa juprdj;jpd; gpujpnahd;iwg; ngWtjw;F mUfhikapYs;s ,e;jpa ,uhaje;jpu J}jufj;ijj; njhlHGnfhs;sTk;.

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mwpTg;G+h;tkhd xg;ge;jk; Mrpahd;-,e;jpah epidT tpoh cr;rp khehl;by; %d;W rp-f;fspd; mjhtJ th;j;jfk;> cwT kw;Wk; fyhr;rhuk; Mfpatw;why; Mjhpf;fg;gLk; xU gpuj;jpNafkhd kw;Wk; gy mLf;F Ma;Tf; fhhpaq;fs; ,lk;ngWk;. ,e;jpah-Mrpahd; ehLfs; xg;ge;jj;jpd; mwpTg;G+h;tkhd fl;likg;ghdJ 2017 [_iy ,y; eilngw;w nly;yp Ngr;Rthh;j;ij IX ,y; ,e;j Kf;fpa $l;Lwtpd; vjph;fhy ghijia tFf;Fk; xU ciuahlypy; rpwe;j rpe;jidahsh;fisAk; ty;Ydh;fisAk; xd;W jpul;b tYT+l;lg;gl;lJ.

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2017 Mk; Mz;bd; filrp rpy khjq;fspy; eilngw;w njhopy; njhlh;ghd epfo;rr ; pfshdit ,e;jpa-Mrpahd; nghUshjhu cwTf;F Cl;lkspj;jd eilngw;w [Tsp fz;fhl;rpapy; Mrpahd; ehLfspd; gq;F cl;gl 2017 Mk; Mz;bd; filrp rpy khjq;fspy; eilngw;w njhopy; njhlh;ghd epfo;r;rpfshdit ,e;jpa-Mrpahd; nghUshjhu cwTf;F Cl;lkspj;jd. GJ nly;ypapy; eilngwtpUf;Fk; tzpf kw;Wk; KjyPl;L $l;lk; kw;Wk; fz;fhl;rp (2018 [dthp 22-23)> th;j;jf $l;lk; kw;Wk; Mrpahd;-,e;jpah tzpff; fTd;rpy; $l;lk; (2018 [dthp 23) Mfpatw;wpy; ,e;j gFjpfisr; Nrh;e;j ngUkstpyhd njhopy;KidNthh;fs; $Lifapy; ,e;j tsh;e;JtUk; nghUshjhu cwTfs; cWjpgLk;. etk;gh; khjk; khdpyhtpy;

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$l;lhz;ik

th;j;jf kw;Wk; KjyPl;L $l;lk; kw;Wk; fz;fhl;rp eilngWk; vd mwptpj;j gpujkh; eNue;jpu Nkhb $wpajhtJ: ',e;jpah ,Jtiu Vw;ghL nra;j Mrpahd;-rhh;e;j th;j;jf epfo;r;rpapNyNa ,J kpfg; nghpajhf ,Uf;Fk;. ,e;jpah cq;fs; tsh;r;rpf; fijapy; gq;Nfw;f tpUk;GfpwJ kw;Wk; ,e;j epfo;r;rpfspy; gq;Nfw;f ehq;fs; midj;J Mrpahd; ehLfisAk; miof;fpNwhk;." GJ nly;ypapy; 2018 [dthp 23 md;W eilngwtpUf;Fk; Mrpahd;-,e;jpah [Tsp epfo;r;rpapy; [Tsp th;j;jfj;jpy; ftdk; nrYj;jg;gLk;.

,izg;gpy; GJ nly;ypapy; 2017 brk;gh; 11-12 Mfpa jpfjpfspy; '21 Mk; E}w;whz;by; Mrpahtpw;fhd b[pl;ly; kw;Wk; nghUs;rhh;e;j ,izg;Gfis tYg;gLj;Jjy;" vd;w jiyg;gpy; Mrpahd;-,e;jpa ,izg;G

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cr;rpkhehL eilngw;wJ> ,jpy; epyg;gFjp> fly;> thdk; kw;Wk; tpz;ntsp Fwpj;J tpthpf;fg;gl;lJ. ,e;jpahit ghh;itapl Mrpahd; $l;L xUq;fpizg;Gf; FO xd;iw rPdh kw;Wk; [g;ghd; Jtq;fpa gpwF> ,e;jpah Mrpahd; ehLfspd; %d;whtJ Ngr;Rthh;j;ij gq;fhsuhfpapUf;fpwJ> ,J Mrpahd; cwT Fwpj;j Kf;fpa jpl;lj;jpy; ,e;jpahit kpf neUf;fkhf ,izf;f toptFf;fpwJ. ,e;jpa-kpahd;khh;-jha;yhe;J Kj;jug;G neLQ;rhiy kw;Wk; fylhd; gy khjphp Nghf;Ftuj;Jj; jpl;lk; (KMMTTPP) cl;gl gy Fwpg;gpl;l ,izg;Gj; jpl;lq;fs; kpf tpiuthd Kd;Ndw;wk; ngw;W tUfpd;wd. Kj;jug;G neLQ;rhiy jpl;lkhdJ 2019 Mk; Mz;by; ,aq;Fk; vd vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLfpwJ kw;Wk; ,e;jpahtpw;Fk; Mrpahd; ehLfSf;Fk; ,ilapyhd th;j;jfk; kw;Wk; kf;fs; njhlh;ig mjpfhpf;Fk; rf;jpiag; ngw;Ws;sJ.

2017

20/01/18 4:47 pm

NkNy: ,e;jpahtpd; GJ nly;ypapy; itj;J 2017 mf;Nlhghpy; Mrpahd;-,e;jpah ,ir tpohTf;F Vw;ghL nra;ag;gl;bUe;jJ@ Kfg;Gg; gf;fk;: 2017 etk;ghpy; tpal;ehkpd; ehfh juq;fpy;> ePyg; nghUshjhuk; Fwpj;j Mrpahd;-,e;jpa khehL eilngw;wJ

Gjpa fdTfs;> Gjpa njhLthdq;fs; gu];gu kWkyh;r;rp kw;Wk; mjpfhukspj;jy; Mfpatw;wpd; gfpug;gl;l gazj;jpy;> ,isQh;fs; Kf;fpa gq;F tfpf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j Kf;fpakhd cwit kpfTk; mjpf cauj;Jf;F vLj;Jr; nry;tjw;fhf 2017 Mf];l; khjk; Nghghypy; eilngWk; ,e;jpah-Mrpahd; ,isQh; jpUtpohthdJ ,isQh;fspd; rf;jpia gad;gLj;j Kay;fpwJ. ,e;j epfo;r;rpapy; Ngrpa ntsp cwTj;Jiw mikr;rh; R\;kh Rtuh[; Mrpahd;-,e;jpa ,isQh; gpufldj;ij ghuhl;bdhh; kw;Wk; ',d;W ekJ jyikj;Jtq;fspd; epfo;r;rp epuypy; ekJ ,d;iwa jiyth;fspd; Fuy;fspy; cs;s fhuzpia fz;lwpa cjTk;" vd;gijAk; Fwpg;gpl;lhh;. xUq;fpize;j Mh;tq;fs; kw;Wk; tsh;e;J tUk; xj;Jiog;G Mfpatw;why; gpizf;fg;gl;l ,e;jpa-Mrpahd; epidT tpoh cr;rp khehlhdJ Mrpahd; ehLfSldhd ,e;jpahtpd; gykhd cwTfis tYg;gLj;jpAs;sJ fle;j rpy

fle;j rpy khjq;fshf eilngw;w gue;j mstpyhd nray;ghLfSf;F ,e;jpa-Mrpahd; epidT tpoh cr;rp khehL xU nghUj;jkhd Kbthf ,Uf;Fk;

khjq;fshf eilngw;w gue;j mstpyhd nray;ghLfSf;fhd nghUj;jkhd KbthFk;. ,e;j cr;rp khehlhdJ r%f ePjp Fwpj;J gfpug;gl;l kjpg;gPLfs;> $l;L tsh;r;rp> Ngr;Rthh;j;ij Rje;jpuk; kw;Wk; xU mikjpahd kw;Wk; $l;L gpuhe;jpa xOq;if tbtikg;gjpy; ,U jug;gpdh;fspd; cwit Mog;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; FOg; gzp KOtJk; xU Gjpa mj;jpahaj;jpw;F toptFf;Fk; kw;Wk; jq;fspd; nghJthd Kbit mwpe;Jnfhs;s ,U jug;gpdh;fisAk; neUf;fkhff; nfhz;L tUfpwJ.

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khngUk; xj;Jiog;ig

Nehf;fp gpujkh; eNue;jpu Nkhb jdJ Kjy; muRKiwg; gazkhf 2017 etk;ghpy; gpypg;igd;]pw;Fr; nrd;whh;> ,J ,e;j ,uz;L njw;fhrpa ehLfSf;Fk; ,ilapyhd ,Ujug;G cwTfis Nehf;fpa xU Fwpg;gplj;jf;f eltbf;ifahf gjpT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ ciu gp.v];. ntq;fl; ehuhaz;

g pujkh ; eNue ;jpu Nkhb g pypg ;igd ;] ; ehl;bw ;F Kjy ; muRKiwg ; gazj ;ij (2017 etk ;gh ; 12-14) Nkw n ; fhz ;ljd ; %yk ; fle ;j 36 tUlq ;fs py ; gazk ; nra ;j Kjy ; ,e ;jpaj ; jiytuhfpwhh ;. ,e ;j muRKiwg ; gazkhdJ njd ;fpof ;F Mr paht pd ; %d ;whtJ kpfg ; ngh pa nghUshjhu ehl;Lld ; ,e ;jpaht pd ; cwTfSf ;F mjpfkhf Njitg ;gLk ;

Cf ;fj ;ij ms pj ;Js ;sJ. g pypg ;igd ;] ; mjpgh ; Nuhl;h pNfh ll;ul;il g pujkh ; Nkhb khd pyht py ; itj ;J re ;jpj ;jhh ;. fle ;j Mz ;L yhNth]py ; itj ;J mth ;fs ; r pw pJ Neuk ; re ;jpj ;jpUe ;jhYk ;> Mr pahd ; cr ;r pkhehl;bd ; Kbt py ;> ,e ;j tUl tUifahdJ xU Mokhd ciuahlYf ;fhd Kjy ; tha ;g ;ghf mike ;jJ. ,J 'kpfTk ; md ;ghd kw ;Wk ; kdg G; +h ;tkhd #oypy ;

,lJ: ,e;jpa gpujkh; eNue;jpu Nkhb k`htPh; gpypg;igd; mwf;fl;lisia ghh;itapLfpwhh; Kfg;Gg; gf;fk;: gpypg;igd;]; mjpgh; Nuhl;hpNfh ll;ul;Nlhit gpujkh; Nkhb kzpyhtpy; itj;J re;jpf;fpwhh;

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,e;jpa gpujkh; eNue;jpu Nkhb gpypg;igd;]; ehl;bw;F Kjy; muRKiwg; gazj;ij Nkw;nfhz;ljd; %yk; fle;j 36 tUlq;fspy; gazk; nra;j Kjy; ,e;jpaj; jiytuhfpwhh; xU r pwe ;j $l;lkhf" ,Ue ;jJ vd mjpfhh pfs ; njh pt pj ;jdh ;. ,e ;j tUl Mr pahd ; cr ;r p khehl;bd ; ntw ;w pfukhd Vw ;ghl;bw ;fhf mjpgh ; ll;ul;il ,e ;jpa g pujkh ; ghuhl;bdhh ;. 2018 [dth pa py ; GJ nly ;ypa py ; elf ;ft pUf ;Fk ; xU epidT t poh cr ;r pkhehl;by ; fye ;J nfhs ;Sk ; gb g pypg ;igd ;] ; mjpgUf ;F mth ; miog G; t pLj ;jhh ;. g pw Mr pahd ; ehl;Lj ; jiyth ;fisg ; NghyNt> mjpgh ; ll;ul;Lk ; miog ;ig Vw ;Wf ; nfhz ;lhh ;. ,e ;jpahTld ; ey ;YwT itj ;Jf ; nfhs ;s

t pUk G; tjhfTk ; mij Kd n ; dLj ;Jr ; nry ;y t pUk G; tjhfTk ; g pujkh ; Nkhbia tuNtw ;w mjpgh ; ll;ul; njh pt pj ;jhh ;. ,U ehLfSf ;Fk ; ,ila py ; nghUshjhu> th ;j ;jf kw ;Wk ; Kjy Pl;L cwTfs py ; ey ;y tha ;g G; cs ;sjhfTk ; Kd N; dw ghija py ; ,UtUk ; xd ;whf gaz pf ;fyhk ; vdTk ; ,U jiyth ;fSk ; xg G; f n ; fhz ;ldh ;. GJg ;g pf ;fj ;jf ;f vh prf ;jp Jiwa py ; xj ;Jiog ;gJ njhlh ;ghd Mh ;tj ;ijAk ; mjpgh ; ll;ul;Nl nts pg ;gLj ;jpdhh ; kw ;Wk ; rh ;tNjr #h pa Mw ;wy ; xUq ;fpizg ;g py ; (ISA) NrUk ;gb g pujkh ; Nkhb t pLj ;j miog ;igAk ; mth ; Vw ;Wf ; nfhz ;lhh ;. g pypg ;igd ;]py ; cs ;s Rfhjhu mikg ;ig Nkk ;gLj ;jTk ; mjpgh ; ll;ul;Nl cWjpas pj ;jhh ; kw ;Wk ; ,e ;jpaht pYs ;s Gfo n ; gw ;w thq ;fj ;jf ;f ey ;y jukhd kUe ;Jfis njd ;fpof ;F Mr pa ehLfSk ; thq ;Fk ; vd ;gjdhy ;> ,e ;jpaht py ; kUe ;J Jiwa py ; Kjy PLfs ; nra ;a t pUg ;gKs ;sJ Fw pj ;Jk ; Ngr pdhh ;. jdJ ~fl;b vOg G; > fl;b vOg G; > fl;b vOg G; | jpl;lj ;jpd ; xU

,lJ: yh]; ghNdh]py; cs;s rh;tNjr ney; Muha;r;rp ikaj;ij (IRRI) gpujkh; Nkhb ghh;itapLfpwhh; Kfg;Gg; gf;fk;: Mrpahd;-,e;jpah kw;Wk; fpof;F Mrpa cr;rp khehLfspy; fye;J nfhs;s kzpyh te;j NghJ gpujkh; Nkhbf;F tuNtw;G mspf;fg;gLfpwJ

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gFjpahf g pypg ;igd ;]pd ; cs ;fl;likg ;ig Nkk ;gLj ;JtJ Fw pj ;j jdJ Mh ;tj ;ijAk ; mjpgh ; ll;ul; nts pg ;gLj ;jpdhh ;. ,e ;j Jiwa py ; jhd ; ,e ;jpa cs ;fl;likg G; epWtdq ;fs ; jpwk ;gl nray ;gLfpd ;wd. ,e ;jpa g pujkh pd ; tUifa pd ; NghJ> kpfg ; ngh pa rf ;jptha ;e ;j Jiwahd ghJfhg G; xj ;Jiog G; kw ;Wk ; jsthlq ;fs ;; kd pjhg pkhd cjt p kw ;Wk ; NguopT ,lh ; Fiwg G; f ;fs ; ( HDR); r pW> FW kw ;Wk ; eLj ;ju epWtdq ;fs py ; xj ;Jiog G; ; cyf t ptfhuq ;fSf ;fhd ,e ;jpa Mizak ; (ICWA) kw ;Wk ; g pypg ;igd ;] ; nts pehl;L Nritfs ; epWtdj ;jpw ;Fk ; ,ila pyhd xj ;Jiog G; Mfpa ehd ;F xg ;ge ;jq ;fs py ; ,U jiyth ;fSk ; ifnaOj ;jpl;ldh ;. ,J jt pu> fyhr ;rhu cwTfSf ;fhd xU ,e ;jpa Mizak ; (ICCR) g pypg ;igd ;] ; gy ;fiyf ;fofj ;jpy ; epWtg ;gl ,Uf ;fpwJ. kd pyht py ; ,Ue ;J 65 fp.k P njhiyt py ; cs ;s xU efukhd yh] ; ghNdh]py ; cs ;s rh ;tNjr ney ; Muha ;r ;r p ikaj ;ij (IRRI)

g pujkh ; Nkhb ghh ;ita pl;L mq ;F gz pahw ;Wk ; mjpf mst pyhd ,e ;jpa t pQ ;Qhd pfSld ; ciuahbdhh ;. 14-18 ehl;fs ; e U P f ;Fs ; mkpo ;e ;J nts ;sj ;jpw ;F jhf ;Fg ; g pbf ;Fk ; ney ; tiffis rh ;tNjr ney ; Muha ;r ;r p ikak ; cUthf ;fpAs ;sJ. rh ;tNjr ney ; Muha ;r ;r p ikaj ;jpd ; kugZ tq ;fpf ;F ,uz ;L ,e ;jpa mh pr p tiffis ,e ;jpa g pujkh ; toq ;fpdhh ; kw ;Wk ; = eNue ;jpu Nkhba pd ; nefpo ;jpwDs ;s ney ; tay ; Ma ;tfj ;ij jpwe ;J itj ;jhh ;. nts ;sj ;jhy ; ghjpf ;fg ;gLk ; gFjpfs py ; cs ;s t ptrha pfs pd ; tUthia ,ul;bg ;ghf ;FtNj ,e ;j Ma ;tfj ;jpd ; Nehf ;fkhFk ;. ,e ;j Mz ;L [_iya py ;> thuzhr pa py ; njw ;fhr pa kz ;ly ikaj ;ij mikg ;gjw ;fhd rh ;tNjr ney ; Muha ;r ;r p ikaj ;jpd ; gh pe ;Jiuf ;F ,e ;jpa muR xg G; jy ; ms pj ;Js ;sJ. ,J jdJ jiyikafj ;jpw ;F nts pNa mike ;Js ;s mjd ; Kjy ; Muha ;r ;r p ikakhf ,Uf ;Fk ;. g pujkh ; Nkhb jdJ re ;jpg ;g pd ; xU gFjpahf> n[a ;g G; +h py ; cs ;s gfthd ;

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$l;lhz;ik

,lJ: rh;tNjr ney; Muha;r;rp ikaj;jpy; gpujkh; Nkhb fPNo: kdpyhtpy; ~gpypg;igd;]py; thOk; ,e;jpa r%fj;jpdhpd;| tuNtw;gpy; gpujkh; Nkhb Kfg;Gg; gf;fk;: kfhtPh; gpypg;igd; mwf;fl;lisapy; gpujkh; Nkhb

k`ht Ph ; t pf ;yhq ; rhfajh rkpjpiar ; Nrh ;e ;j mjd ; xU ,iz ikakhfj ; jpfOk ; kfht Ph ; g pypg ;igd ;] ; mwf ;fl;lisiaAk ; ghh ;ita pl;lhh ;. ,J Nkd ;ikahd g pypg ;igd ;] ; Fbkf ;fs ; kw ;Wk ; me ;ehl;by ; thOk ; ,e ;jpa r%fj ;jpdhuhy ; cUthf ;fg ;gl;l xU ,yhg Nehf ;fkw ;w njhz ;L mikg ;ghFk ;. ,J epWtg ;gl;l1989 Mk ; Mz ;L KjNy> ,e ;j mikg ;ghdJ g pypg ;igd ;r py ; thOk ; fhy ; ,y ;yhj Rkhh ; 15>000 NgUf ;F ug ;gh ; rhh ;e ;j nraw ;if fhyhd n[a ;g G; +h ; fhy ;fis toq ;fp kWtho ;T ms pj ;Js ;sJ. ,U ehLfSf ;Fk ; ,ila pyhd fyhr ;rhu cwTfs pd ; tuyhw ;iwf ; ftd pj ;jhy ;> 14 Mk ; E}w ;whz ;bd ; g pw ;gFjpa py ; ,Ue ;J j t P pukhd ,e ;jpa fyhr ;rhu jhf ;fj ;ij rhl;r p gfUk ; kyha ; j Pgfw ;gk ; kw ;Wk ; ,e N; jhNdr pa jT P f ;$l;lq ;fs pd ; jiya Pl;Lg ; gFjpfs py ; cs ;s Kd N; dw ;wq ;fs pd ; mbg ;gila py ; g pypg ;igd ;]py ; ,e ;jpa fyhr ;rhuj ;jpd ; jhf ;fj ;ij ehk ; ed ;whf Gh pe ;Jnfhs ;syhk ;. g pypg ;igd ;]py ; cs ;s gy j T P fs py ; ,e ;jpahit G +h ;t f P khff ; nfhz ;l fiyfs ; fz ;Lg pbf ;fg ;gl;Ls ;sd. ,e;jpa juprdk; | 16 | mf;Nlhgh; - brk;gh;

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,e;jpahTld; ey;YwT itj;Jf; nfhs;s tpUk;GtjhfTk; mij Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;y tpUk;GtjhfTk; gpujkh; Nkhbia tuNtw;w mjpgh; ll;ul; njhptpj;jhh; ,d ;Wk ; gy g pypg ;igd ; nkhopfs py ; rk] ;fpUj thh ;j ;ijfisf ; fhzyhk ; kw ;Wk ; me ;ehl;by ; mw pKfg ;gLj ;jg ;gl;l rk] ;fpUj ,yf ;fpak ; 10 kw ;Wk ; 12 Mk ; E}w ;whz ;Lfisr ; Nrh ;e ;jjhFk ;. gy N; tW Mq ;fpNyh-] ;ghd p\ ; Nghh ;fs pd ; (17621764) NghJ> fpof ;F ,e ;jpa fk n ; gd pa pd ; ,uhZt gazj ;jpd ; xU gFjpahf 600 ,e ;jpag ; gilfs ; g pypg ;igd ;]pw ;F te ;jd. g ph pl;b\ ; gilfs ; jpUk ;g pa NghJ> gy ,e ;jpa t Puh ;fs ; fyfk ; nra ;J g pypg ;igd ;i] t pl;L nts pNaw kWj ;Jt pl;ldh ;. ,g N; ghJ fha pd ;lh kw ;Wk ; iurhy ; Mf ,Uf ;Fk ; gFjpfs py ;

FbNaw pdh ;. fha pd ;lhitr ; Rw ;w pAs ;s gFjpa py ; ,d ;Dk ; mth ;fs pd ; re ;jjpa pdh ; gyh ; ,Uf ;fpd ;wdh ;. 18 Mk ; E}w ;whz ;by ;> kz pyhTf ;Fk ; tq ;fhsj ;jpd ; nfhNuhkhz ;ly ; flw ;fiuf ;Fk ; ,ilNa tYthd th ;j ;jfk ; ,Ue ;jJ> ,jd ; topahf Gifa piy> gl;L> gUj ;jp> rhak ;> rh ;f ;fiu fUk G; kw ;Wk ; fhg p Mfpait Vw ;Wkjp nra ;ag ;gl;ld. njd ;fpof ;F Mr pa ehLfs pd ; $l;L Kaw ;r pfis Vw ;gLj ;Jtjw ;fhd rhj ;jpaq ;fis Muha ;tjw ;fhf Mjpj ;ah g ph ;yh mg N; ghija g pypg ;igd ;] ; mjpgh ; ngh ;bdhd ;l; khh N; fhi] re ;jpj ;j 1976 Mk ; Mz ;by ; ,e ;jpaht pw ;Fk ; g pypg ;igd ;]pw ;Fk ;; ,ila pyhd nghUshjhu cwTfs ; Fw pg ;g plj ;jf ;f cah ;itf ; fz ;ld. ,jdhy ; ehl;by ; mg N; ghija kpfg ; ngh pa ,e ;jpa Kjy Plhd ,e ;jpa-g pypg ;igd ; [Ts p Miyfs ; cUthfpd. ,e ;j Miya py ; jw N; ghJ g pypg ;igd ;i]r ; Nrh ;e ;j 2>000 Ngh ; Ntiy nra ;fpd ;wdh ; kw ;Wk ; ,e ;j Miy ehl;bYs ;s cs ;ehl;L E}y ; Njitfs py ; 40 rjt pfpjj ;ij t pepNahfpf ;fpwJ.

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gputhrp ghujpa jpth]; 2018

rpq;fg;G+h; miof;fpwJ! 2018 Mk; Mz;bd; Mrpahd; ehLfs; ,e;jpa gputhrp ghujpa jpth]; epfo;rr ; pahdJ Kjy; Kiwahf ,e;jpahTf;F ntspNa eilngwg; NghfpwJ> ,J ,e;jpatpy; ,Ue;J Gyk;ngah;ej ; th;fSld; jpwk;gl njhlh;Gs;Stjw;fhd xU jskhf ,Uf;Fk; vd cWjpaspf;fpwJ. vij vjph;ghh;ff ; Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ Fwpj;j xU ghh;itia cq;fSf;F toq;FfpNwhk; ciu vd;.gp uht;

2003 Mk; Mz;L Kjy; xt;nthU tUlKk; ,e;jpahtpy; gputhrp ghujPa jpth]; nfhz;lhlg;gLfpwJ. ~rpwe;j ntspehl;L thrpahd| kfhj;kh fhe;jp ehl;bd; Rje;jpug; Nghuhl;lj;ij topelj;j 1915 Mk; Mz;L njd; Mg;gphpf;fhtpy; ,Ue;J ,e;jpahTf;F jpUk;gpa ehshd [dthp 9 md;W ,e;epfo;rr ; p nfhz;lhlg;gLfpwJ. tutpUf;Fk; Mrpahd; ,e;jpa gputhrp ghujpa

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jpth]; rpq;fg;G+hpy; cs;s khpdh Ng rhz;l] ; py; 2018 ,y; [dthp 6 kw;Wk; 7 Mfpa Njjpfspy; eilngw Vw;ghL nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ> ,J ,e;jpa flw;fiufSf;F mg;ghy; elf;ftpUf;Fk; Kjy; gputhrp ghujpa jpth]; epfo;rpahFk;. rpq;fg;G+iuj; Njh;en ; jLj;jJ ,e;jpahtpd; fpof;fpy; nray;gL vd;w nfhs;iff;F Neuhd xU Af;jpahFk;> ,J ehl;bd; ntspAwT nfhs;if Kaw;rpfspy; njd;fpof;F

2017

20/01/18 4:47 pm

NkNy: 2017 Mk; Mz;bd; gputhrp ghujpa jpth]; epfo;r;rpapy; Kd;dhs; ,e;jpa FbauRj; jiyth; gpuzhg; Kfh;[p mth;fs; gputhrp ghujpa rk;khd; tpUij toq;Ffpwhh;; tyJ: 2017 Mk; Mz;bd; gputhrp ghujpa jpth]; epfo;r;rpapy; tpsf;F Vw;Wk; rlq;F;

Mrpahtpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij typAWj;JfpwJ. ,e;jpatpy; ,Ue;J Gyk;ngah;ej ; cwTfis ,e;jpahTld; Mog;gLj;Jk; kw;Wk; ,e;jpahtpw;Fk; Mrpahd; ehLfSf;Fk; ,ilapyhd neUf;fkhd cwTfis Cf;Ftpg;gjpYk; xU Kf;fpa gq;F tfpf;Fk; gyd;fis cUthf;Fk; vd ,e;epfo;rr ; p ek;GfpwJ. ,e;jpa r%fk; njd;fpof;F Mrpahtpd; gd;Kfj;jd;ikapd; xU Kf;fpakhd gFjpahFk; kw;Wk; ,J ,e;jpahtpw;Fk; Mrpahd; ehLfSf;Fk; ,ilNa xU tYthd ghykhfTk; tpsq;FfpwJ. rpq;fg;G+h; epfo;rr ; papy; 15 mkh;Tfs; (KOikahd kw;Wk; ,izahd)> ,lk; ngWk;> ,jpy; cs;fl;likg;G> epjp> fy;tp> njhopy;El;gk; kw;Wk; Clfk; cl;gl Kf;fpaj; Jiwfis cs;slf;fpa jiyg;Gfspy; muR mjpfhhpfs;> njhopyjpgh;fs; kw;Wk; fy;tpahsh;fs; ciuahw;Wthh;fs;. KOikahd mkh;Tfs; gpd;tUkhW: • Mrpahd;-; ,e;jpa nghUshjhu $l;lhz;ik • b[pl;ly; cyfpy; Mrpahd;-,e;jpah • ,e;jpahtpw;Fs; Mrpahd; ehLfspd;

Eiothapyhf tlfpof;F ,e;jpah • Gjpa cyf thpirapy; Mrpahd;-,e;jpah $l;lhz;ik ,e;jpa muR 2015 ,y; gputhrp ghujpa jpth]; tbtj;ij jpUj;jpaJ kw;Wk; ePbj;j kw;Wk; kpfTk; epiyahd njhlh;ig cUthf;f ,e;jpahtpypUe;J Gyk;ngah;eN ; jhUld; cs;s jdJ njhlh;Gf;F kWCl;lkspj;Js;sJ. kWMa;tpw;Fg; gpwF> gputhrp ghujpa jpth]; khehL GJ nly;ypf;F ntspNa cs;s xU efuj;jpy; ,uz;L Mz;LfSf;F xUKiw elj;JtJ vd KbT vLf;fg;gl;lJ. ,ilf;fhy Mz;by;> ,e;jpahtpypUe;J Gyk;ngah;eN ; jhUf;fhd gpur;rpidfs; Fwpj;J rpwpa gyd; rhh;ej ; gputhrp ghujpa jpth]; khehLfs; GJ nly;ypapy; Vw;ghL nra;ag;gLk;. ,e;jpag; gzpfSk; J}jufq;fSk; xt;nthU Mz;Lk; gputhrp ghujpa jpthi] nfhz;lhLk; vd KbT vLf;fg;gl;lJ. 2016 gpg;uthpapy; Jtq;fg;gl;l Kjy; gputhrp ghujpa jpth]; khehLfs; thpirapd; %yk;> gpur;rid rhh;ej ; ciuahlypy; ntspehLfspy; cs;s ,e;jpah;fSld; muR Cf;fj;Jld; njhlh;G nfhs;fpwJ. gu];gu ed;ikfSf;fhf ntspehl;bYs;s ,e;jpa r%fj;jpdh; ,e;jpa muRlDk; r%fq;fSlDk; njhlh;Gnfhs;s ,e;j epfo;rr ; pfs; xU jsj;ij toq;FfpwJ. ,e;jpa tsh;rr ; papy; rpwe;J tpsq;Fk; jdpegh;fspd; gq;if ghul;Ltjw;fhf mth;fSf;F cahpa gputhrp ghujpa rk;khd; tpUJ toq;fp nfsutpf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,e;jpahtpy; gputhrp ghujpa jpth]py; fye;J nfhs;s Kbahj ntspehl;L tho; ,e;jpah;fis gq;nfLf;f itf;f cjTtjw;fhf ,e;jpa ntspAwT mikr;rfk; gpw ehLfspYk; gpuhe;jpa gputhrp ghujpa jpthi] Vw;ghL nra;fpwJ. fle;j fhyj;jpy;> gpuhe;jpa gputhrp ghujpa jpth]; MdJ rpq;fg;G+h;> epA+ahh;f>; `hf;> lh;gd;> nlhwd;Nlh> nkhhprpa];> rpl;dp kw;Wk; yh]; VQ;ry;]py; elj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.

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$l;lhz;ik

GJg;gpf;fg;gl;l

el;GwT ,e;jpahtpw;Fk; ,j;jhypf;Fk; ,ilapyhd 70 Mz;Lfhy murpay; cwTfis rpwg;gpf;Fk; tpjkhf> 2017 mf;Nlhgh; 30 md;W ,j;jhypa gpujkh; ghNthNyh n[d;bNyhdp jdJ Kjy; muRKiwg; gazkhf ,e;jpahtpw;F te;jhh;. fle;j gj;jhz;Lfspy; ,t;thW nra;j Kjy; ,j;jhypa gpujkh; ,tuhthh;

2017 mf;Nlhgh; 30 md;W ,j;jhypa gpujkh; ghNthNyh n[d;bNyhdp mth;fs; jdJ kidtp ,k;khDNtyh nksNuh n[d;bNyhdpAld; Nrh;e;J ,e;jpahtpw;F tUif je;jhh;. filrpahf gpg;uthp 2007 f;Fg; gpwF> fle;j gj;jhz;Lfspy; ,e;jpahtpw;F te;j Kjy; ,j;jhypa gpujkuhthh;. ,U ehLfSf;Fk; ,ilapyhd murpay; kw;Wk; nghUshjhu cwTfis ,e;jpa juprdk; | 20 | mf;Nlhgh; - brk;gh;

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Nkk;gLj;Jk; Nehf;fpy;> ,e;j re;jpg;ghdJ ,U ehLfSf;Fk; ,ilapyhd R%fkhd ,Ujug;G cwitAk; kPz;Lk; fl;b vOg;Gtjw;F Mjhukhf mike;Js;sJ. ,j;jhypa gpujkh; GJ nly;ypapy; itj;J ,e;jpa gpujkh; eNue;jpu Nkhbia re;jpj;jhh; kw;Wk; ,U jiyth;fSk; gu];gu Kf;fpaj;Jtk;tha;e;j gy gpur;rpidfis tpthjpj;jdh;. mth;fSila

2017

20/01/18 4:47 pm

tpthjq;fspd; NghJ> gy Jiwfspy; ,e;jpa,j;jhypa xUq;fpizg;ig GJg;gpg;gJ kw;Wk; Gj;Japuspg;gJ kw;Wk; rkPgj;jpy; fhzg;gl;l fbdkhd #o;epiyf;F jPh;T fz;l gpwF Kd;Ndhf;fpr; nry;tJ Fwpj;J typAWj;jg;gl;lJ. ,U jiyth;fSk; ',Ujug;G cwTfisAk; Gjpa cauj;jpw;F vLj;Jr;nry;y" xg;Gf;nfhz;Ls;sjhf $l;lk; Kbe;j gpwF gpujkh; Nkhb njhptpj;jhh;. GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f vhprf;jp Nkk;ghL kw;Wk; tptrhak; Nghd;w nghpa Jiwfspy; ,e;jpahtpw;Fk; ,j;jhypf;Fk; ,ilapy; rpwe;j xj;Jiog;Gf;fhd gy Gjpa topfis ~ve;j jilAk; ,y;yhky; Gjpa cwTfs;| Vw;gLj;jpAs;sd vd;gij gpujkh; n[d;bNyhdp jdJ gq;fpw;F njhptpj;jhh;. ,j;jhypa gpujkhpd; muR Kiwg; gazj;jpd; Kbtpy; ntspaplg;gl;l xU $l;L mwpf;ifapy;> ,Ujug;G xj;Jiog;G kw;Wk; gu];gu Ghpjiy Nkk;gLj;j ,U ehLfSf;Fk; ,ilapy; mbf;fb Nkk;gl;l njhlh;G kw;Wk; ghpkhw;wj;jpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij ,U ehl;Lj; jiyth;fSk; Rl;bf;fhl;bdh;. 'gfpug;gl;l [dehaf Nfhl;ghLfs; kw;Wk;

kjpg;gPLfs;> Rje;jpuk;> rl;l tpjpKiwfs; kw;Wk; kdpj chpikfSf;Fk; khepyq;fspd; xUikg;ghl;Lf;Fk; khpahij nrYj;Jjy; Mfpatw;wpd; mbg;gilapy; ,e;jpahtpw;Fk; ,j;jhypf;Fk; ,ilapy; neUf;fkhd $l;lhz;ikf;fhd Njit" Fwpj;J ,U jiyth;fSk; xg;Gf; nfhz;ljhf njhptpf;fg;gLfpwJ. rh;tNjr tpjpKiwfSf;F fl;Lg;gLk; kw;Wk; epiyahd tsh;r;rpia Cf;fg;gLj;Jk; 'tpjpfs; rhh;e;j rh;tNjr mikg;Gf;F" Mjutspg;gJ Fwpj;J jhq;fs; gfph;e;J nfhz;l jPh;khdj;ij ,U jiyth;fSk; njhpag;gLj;jpdh;.

nghUshjhu xj;Jiog;G mth;fSila tpthjq;fspd; xU gFjpahf> ,U gpujkh;fSk; ,e;jpahtpw;Fk; ,j;jhypf;Fk; ,ilapyhd nghUshjhu cwTfis ghuhl;bdh; kw;Wk; mij Nkk;gLj;j gu];gu eyd; mbg;gilapy; nrayhw;w xg;Gf;nfhz;ldh;. czT gjg;gLj;Jjy;> cs;fl;likg;G> GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f vhprf;jp kw;Wk; cah; njhopy;El;g cw;gj;jp Mfpatw;wpy;

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2017

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fPNo (,lkpUe;J tyk;): ,j;jhypa gpujkh; ghNthNyh n[d;bNyhdp ,e;jpa ntspAwTj;Jiw mikr;rh; R\;kh Rtuhi[ re;jpf;fpwhh;. ,e;jpa gpujkh; eNue;jpu NkhbAld; gpujkh; n[d;bNyhdp Kfg;Gg; gf;fk;: gpujkh; n[d;bNyhdpiaAk; mtuJ kidtp ,k;khDNtyh nksNuh n[d;bNyhdpia gpujkh; Nkhb tuNtw;fpwhh;

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

20/01/18 4:47 pm

$l;lhz;ik

kpfg;nghpa th;j;jf gq;fhsuhf tpsq;FfpwJ. ,j;jhypf;F ,e;jpah nra;j Vw;Wkjpfs; 4.90 gpy;ypad; lhyh; MfTk;> ,wf;Fkjp 3.89 gpy;ypad; lhyh; MfTk; ,Uf;fpwJ> ,J ,e;jpahtpd; rhh;gpy; 1 gpy;ypad; lhyh; th;j;jf rkepiyia Vw;gLj;jpAs;sJ. 2017-18 epjpahz;bd; Kjy; ehd;F khjq;fSf;Fs;> ,Ujug;G th;j;jfKk; 3.22 gpy;ypad; lhyh;fis vl;bAs;sJ.

gaq;futhjj;ij fl;Lg;gLj;Jjy;

fhzg;gLk; njhopy; tha;g;Gfis ,j;jhyp ghprPypf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w jdJ tpUg;gj;ij gpujkh; Nkhb njhptpj;j mNjNtisapy;> thfdk;> [Tsp> Njhy;> ,ae;jpuq;fs; kw;Wk; ,urhadq;fs; Nghd;w Jiwfspy; cs;s njhopy; tha;g;Gfis ,e;jpah ghprPypf;f Ntz;Lnkd gpujkh; n[d;byhdp njhptpj;jhh;. 2016-17 Mk; Mz;by; ,U ehLfSf;Fk; ,ilapyhd th;j;jfk; 8.79 gpy;ypad; lhyUld; ,j;jhyp ehlhdJ INuhg;gpa xd;wpaj;jpy; ,e;jpahtpd; 5tJ ,e;jpa juprdk; | 22 | mf;Nlhgh; - brk;gh;

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jq;fSila xt;nthU epiyapYk; fhzg;gLk; jPtputhjk; kw;Wk; gaq;futhjj;ij vjph;j;Jg; NghuhLtjw;F jPh;khdnkLj;j ,U jiyth;fSk; mr;RWj;jYf;F KbTfl;l rh;tNjr r%fk; cldbahf eltbf;if vLf;f Ntz;Lk; kw;Wk; $l;L Kaw;rpfis Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;gij typAWj;jp INuhg;gh> ,e;jpah kw;Wk; gpw ehLfspYs;s rkPgj;jpy; ele;j gaq;futhjj; jhf;Fjy;fis fLikahf fz;ldk; nra;jdh;. gpujkh; NkhbAk; gpujkh; n[d;bNyhdpAk; '2016 etk;gh; 10 md;W Nuhk; efhpy; eilngw;w rh;tNjr gaq;futhjj;ij vjph;j;Jg; NghuhLtJ Fwpj;j Kjy; ,e;jpa,j;jhyp $l;L nraw; FOtpd; jpUg;jpia ntspg;gLj;jpdh; kw;Wk; gaq;futhjj;ij xLf;Fk; gphptpy; tof;fkhd kg;gPLfs; kw;Wk; jfty;fs; ghpkhw;wk;> gapw;rp

2017

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,lJ: ,e;jpa Jiz [dhjpgjp vk;. ntq;ifah ehALit gpujkh; n[d;bNyhdp re;jpf;fpwhh; Kfg;Gg; gf;fk; (NkypUe;J fPNo): GJ nly;ypapy; rlq;FKiw tuNtw;gpd; NghJ gpujkh; n[d;bNyhdp khpahij nrYj;Jk; fhtyh;fis ghh;itapLfpwhh;. ,e;jpa [dhjpgjp uhk; ehj; Nfhtpe;ij gpujkh; n[d;bNyhdp re;jpf;fpwhh;

kw;Wk; jpwd; tsh;f;Fk; jpl;lk; Nghd;w MNyhrid Kiwia NkYk; tYg;gLj;j xg;Gf;nfhz;ldh;."

fhyepiy kw;Wk; vhprf;jp ghhp]; cld;gbf;iff;Ff; fl;Lg;gLjy; kw;Wk; 'gy;NtW ehLfspd; #o;epiyapy; rkj;Jtk; kw;Wk; nghJthd Mdhy; khWgl;l nghWg;G kw;Wk; mjdjd; jpwd;fs" vd;w mjd; Nfhl;ghLfspd; gb elj;jy; Fwpj;J jhq;fs; vLj;Jf; nfhz;l epiyg;ghl;il ,U ehl;Lj; jiyth;fSk; cWjp nra;jdh;. fhyepiy khw;wj;jpw;F vjpuhf NghuhLtjw;fhd rpwe;j topKiwahf ghuk;ghpakhd vhprf;jp Mjhuq;fSf;Fg; gjpyhf GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f vhprf;jpia gad;gLj;JtJ njhlh;ghf ,U ehLfSk; nra;j Kaw;rpia mq;fPfhpj;J ,j;jhypa Fbaurpd; Rw;Wr;#oy; mikr;rfj;jpw;Fk; ,e;jpaf; Fbaurpd; Gjpa kw;Wk; GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f vhprf;jp mikr;rfj;jpw;Fk; ,ilapyhd gu];gu Ghpjiy mth;fs; tuNtw;wdh;.

fyhr;rhu njhlh;G kf;fSf;F kf;fs; njhlh;G nfhs;Sjiy typAWj;jpa gpujkh; n[d;bNyhdp

,j;jhypapy; ,e;jpa tk;rhtopapdh; ,Ug;gij Rl;bf;fhl;b ,j;jhypapd; nghUshjhuj;jpy; mth;fSila gq;fspg;ig ghuhl;bdhh;. ,j;jhypapy; FbNawpa ,e;jpah;fis ,j;jhypa r%fj;Jld; ntw;wpfukhf xd;wpizf;f ,j;jhyp muR vLj;Js;s Kaw;rpfis gpujkh; Nkhb jdJ gq;fpw;F ghuhl;bdhh;. NkYk; ,U jiyth;fSk; 'njhy;nghUs; kw;Wk; fyhr;rhu ghuk;ghpa kjpg;gpd;" Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij Fwpg;gpl;ldh; kw;Wk; mtw;iw ghJfhg;gjw;fhd gaDs;s KiwfisAk; tpQ;Qhd El;gq;fisAk; ghpkhwpf; nfhs;tij tuNtw;wdh;. rh;tNjr Nahfh jpdj;jpd; ntw;wpf;fhf gpujkh; Nkhb mth;fis gpujkh; n[d;bNyhdp ghuhl;bdhh;> ghlrhiyapy; clw; fy;tp ghlj;jpl;lj;jpy; Nahfhit ,j;jhyp Nrh;g;gJ Fwpj;j rhj;jpaf;$Wfs; Fwpj;Jk; Ngrpdhh;. ,j;jhypf;Fk; ,e;jpahtpw;Fk; ,ilapyhd 70 Mz;Lfhy murpay; cwTfis rpwg;gpf;Fk; tpjkhf> ,e;j muRKiwg; gazk; ,U ehLfSf;Fk; ,ilNa tYthd ,Ujug;G cwTfspd; J}z;Ljyhf mike;jJ.

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cwTfs; 2017 etk;gh; khjj;jpy; G+l;lhd; kd;dh;> uhzp kw;Wk; ,sturh;> Nty;]; ,sturh; kw;Wk; ,sturp fhh;dt ; hy;> ngy;[pak; kd;dh; kw;Wk; uhzp Mfpa %d;W mur FLk;g tUiffSf;F ,e;jpah jdJ tbthd cgrhpg;ig toq;fpaJ

,e;j %d;W mur FLk;gq;fs; muRKiwg; gazkhf ,e;jpahtpw;F te;jJ xU md;ghd kw;Wk; kdepiwthdr; #oiy gug;gpaij 2017 Mk; Mz;L rhl;rp gfh;fpwJ. kd;dh; [pf;kp Nf]hh; Nek;fpay; thq;f;rf;> uhzp [];ld; Ngkh thq;f;rf; kw;Wk; mth;fSila kfd; ,sturh; [pf;kp Nek;fpay; thq;f;rf; MfpNahhpd; tUiff;F tpkhd epiyaj;jpy; xU md;ghd tuNtw;G mspf;fg;gl;lJ kw;Wk; mth;fs; jq;fp ,Ue;j NghJ> ,U mz;il ehLfSf;Fk; ,ilapyhd ,Ujug;G murpd; cwTfs; kpFe;j jpUg;jpfukhf ,Ug;gjhf njhptpj;jdh;. gy;NtW xj;Jiog;G Jiwfspy; ,e;j Kd;khjphpahd cwTfis NkYk; Mog;gLj;JtJ Fwpj;j G+l;lhdpd; epiyg;ghl;il kd;dh; thq;f;rf; kPz;Lk; cWjpg;gLj;jpdhh;. ,e;jpahtpy; VO ,e;jpa juprdk; | 24 | mf;Nlhgh; - brk;gh;

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ehl;fs; gazk; Nkw;nfhz;bUe;j ngy;[pak; kd;dh; gpypg;Ng kw;Wk; uhzp kj;jpNy ,UtUk; ,e;jpahtpd; gue;J tphpe;j kw;Wk; khWgl;l epyg;gug;ig Rw;wpg;ghh;j;J ,Nj fUj;Jf;fis njhptpj;jdh; kw;Wk; jPtputhjj;jpw;F vjpuhf NghuhLjy;> th;j;jfk; kw;Wk; KjyPL> ,e;jpa-INuhg;gpa cwTfs;> fhyepiy khw;wj;jpw;F vjpuhf NghuhLjy; Nghd;w gy gue;j mstpyhd ,ujug;G kw;Wk; gyjug;G jiyg;Gfis ,e;jpa gpujkh; eNue;jpu Nkhbld; tpthjpj;jdh;. ,sturh; rhh;y]; kw;Wk; ,sturp Nfkpy;yh ,e;jpahtpw;F te;j NghJ> mth;fis nfsutg;gLj;j gpujkh; Nkhb mth;fSf;F rpwg;G tpUe;J mspj;J cgrhpj;jhh;> NkYk; ,th;fs; fhyepiy khw;wk;> epiyahd tsh;r;rp kw;Wk; nghUshjhu xj;Jiog;G Nghd;w gpur;ridfis tpthjpj;jdh;.

2017

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G+l;lhd; kd;dh; [pf;kp Nf]h; Nek;fahy; thq;f;rf; cld; ,e;jpa gpujkh; eNue;jpu Nkhb

G+l;lhd; kd;dUk; uhzpAk; G+l;lhd; kd;dh; [pf;kp Nf]hh; Nek;fpay; thq;f;rf;> uhzp [];ld; Ngkh thq;f;rf; kw;Wk; mth;fSila kfd; ,sturh; [pf;kp Nek;fpay; thq;f;rf; MfpNahh; 2017 Mk; Mz;L mf;Nlhgh; 30 Kjy; etk;gh; 4 tiu ehd;F ehs; gazkhf ,e;jpah te;jpUe;jdh;. ,e;jpa [dhjpgjp uhk;ehj; Nfhtpe;j; kw;Wk; gpujkh; eNue;jpu Nkhb mth;fis nfsutpj;J tpUe;J mspj;jdh;> mNjNeuj;jpy; ntspAwTj; Jiw mikr;rh; R\;kh Rtuh[;> Jiz [dhjpgjp vk;. ntq;fah ehAL kw;Wk; gy %j;j mikr;rh;fs; mur FLk;g jq;fypd; NghJ mth;fisr; nrd;W ghh;j;jdh;.

gy gu];gu eyd;fs; gpur;ridfs; Fwpj;j fUj;Jf;fis jiyth;fs; ghpkhwpf; nfhz;ldh;. 2018 Mk; Mz;L ,U ehLfSf;Fk; ,ilapyhd Kiwahd murpay; cwTfis Vw;gLj;jpajd; nghd;tpoh Mz;ilf; nfhz;lhl ,U jug;gpdh;fSk; xg;Gf; nfhz;ldh;. nghd;tpoh Mz;Lf; nfhz;lhl;lj;jpd; NghJk; ,e;jpahtpw;F muR Kiwg; gazk; Nkw;nfhs;Sk; gb G+l;lhd; kd;dh; kw;Wk; uhzpaplk; ,e;jpa [dhjpgjp Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhh;. kd;dh; thq;f;rf; miog;ig kfpo;r;rpAld; Vw;Wf;nfhz;lhh;.

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$l;lhz;ik

Nty;]; ,sturh; Nty;]; ,sturh; rhh;y]; gpypg; Mh;jh; [hh;[; jdJ kidtp ,sturp fhh;d;thYld; ,uz;L ehs; gazkhf 2017 Mk; Mz;L etk;gh; 8 Kjy; 10 ,e;jpahtpy; ,Ue;jhh;. ,U ehLfSf;Fk; ,ilapyhd ,Ujug;G xj;Jiog;ig Nkk;gLj;Jk; kw;Wk; tYg;gLj;Jk; Nehf;fj;Jld;> 2018 Mk; Mz;L Vg;uypy; ,q;fpyhe;jpy; elf;ftpUf;Fk; muR $l;lj;jpd; tug;Nghfpw fhnkd;nty;j; jiyth;fs; cl;gl gy gpur;ridfs; Fwpj;J tpthjpf;f ,sturh; rhh;y]; gpujk ke;jphp eNue;jpu Nkhbia re;jpj;J Ngrpajhf muR ghh;j;jJ. fhkd;nty;j; ehLfspy; ,e;jpah xU ngUk; gq;F tfpf;Fk; rhj;jpaj;ij fUj;jpy; nfhs;s ,U jug;gpdh;fSk; xg;Gf; nfhz;ldh;. gphpl;b\; cah;kl;lf; FOtpy; tpUe;jpdh;fSf;F ciuahw;Wk; NghJ ,sturh; rhh;y]; ,q;fpyhe;jpw;Fk; ,e;jpahtpw;Fk; ,ilapyhd gpizg;Gfis

ghuhl;bdhh; kw;Wk; fhkd;nty;j; ehLfspd; 'gd;Kfj;jd;ikf;F" kjpg;gspf;Fk; gb kf;fis typAWj;jpdhh;. ',e;j gd;Kfj;jd;ik ekJ milahsq;fspd; ikakhf kw;Wk; ekJ nrhe;j czh;thf ,Ug;gjdhy; kl;Lky;y ,J ekJ fhyj;J fLikahd gpur;ridfis jPh;f;Fk; rpwe;j ek;gpf;ifiaAk; nfhLg;gjdhy; ,ij nfhz;lhlTk; tsg;gLj;jTk; Ntz;Lk;>" vd mth; cWjpgl njhptpj;jhh;. ,sturh; rhh;y]; kw;Wk; ,sturp Nfkpy;yh ,UtUk; GJ nly;ypapy; xU ,uT jq;fpdh; kw;Wk; nly;yp nkNkhhpaypy; cs;s eprg;jdkhd jUzj;ij ftdpf; ,e;jpah Nfl;il ghh;f;fr; nrd;wdh;. gs;sp khzth;fs; gq;Nfw;w epfo;r;rpfspYk; ,th;fs; fye;Jnfhz;ldh; kw;Wk; njhopyjpgh;fSlDk;> lhf;]p Xl;Lk; ngz;fs; FOtpdUlDk; ciuahbdh;> NkYk; gpujkh; Nkhb toq;fpa tpUe;jpy; fye;J nfhz;lhh;.

gpujkh; rhh;y]; kw;Wk; ,sturp Nfkpy;yhTld; gpujkh; Nkhb

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,lJ: ngy;[pak; kd;dh; gpypg;Ng kw;Wk; uhzp kj;jpNy GJ nly;ypapy; jq;fSila tuNtw;G tpohtpd; NghJ fPNo: GJ nly;yp ,e;jpah Nfl;by; mkh; [thd; N[hjpapy; kd;dh; gpypg;Ng kyh; tisak; itf;fpwhh;

NGY;[PAK; KD;DUK; UHZPAK; ,e;jpa FbauRj; jiyth; uhk;ehj; Nfhtpe;jpd; miog;gpd; Nghpy;> ngy;[pak; kd;dh; gpypg;Ng kw;Wk; uhzp kj;jpNy ,UtUk; 2017 Mk; Mz;L etk;gh; 5 Kjy; 11 tiu 7 ehs; muRKiwg; gazkhf ,e;jpah te;jdh;. mth;fSld; MW mikr;rh;fSk; kw;Wk; Rkhh; 90 ngy;[pa epWtdq;fspd; jiyikr; nrayjpfhhpfs; mlq;fpa xU th;j;jf gpujpepjp> 13 fy;tp epWtdq;fspd; jiyth;fs; kw;Wk; 30 cWg;gpdh;fs; nfhz;l Clfg; gpujpfSk; cld; te;jpUe;jdh;. ,U ehLfSf;Fk; ,ilapyhd 70 Mz;L fhy murpay; cwTfis rpwg;gpf;Fk; tpjkhf> ,e;jpahtpw;Fk; ngy;[paj;jpw;Fk; ,ilapyhd murpay; kw;Wk; nghUshjhu xj;Jiog;ig NkYk; Nkk;gLj;JtNj ,e;j tUifapd; Nehf;fkhFk;. mur FLk;g jk;gjpfspd; ,e;jpa Rw;Wg; gazk; Mf;uhit ghh;itapl;ljpypUe;J Jtq;fpaJ kw;Wk; etk;gh; 7 Mk; Njjp uh\;bugjp gtdpy; kd;diu nfsutpf;f Kd; tshfj;jpy; muR tpohtpw;F Vw;ghL nra;ag;gl;bUe;jJ. kd;dUk; uhzpAk;

jq;fpapUe;j NghJ ,e;jpa ntspAwTj; Jiw mikr;rh; R\;kh Rtuh[; kw;Wk; Jizj; jiyth; vk;. ntq;fah ehAL MfpNahh; mth;fisr; nrd;W ghh;j;jdh; kw;Wk; [dhjpgjp uhk; ehj; Nfhtpe;j; toq;Fk; xU khpahij epkpj;jkhd tpUe;Jld; i`juhghj; khspifapy; gpujkh; eNue;jpu NkhbAld; xU re;jpg;Gf;F Vw;ghL nra;ag;gl;bUe;jJ.

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,e ;jpahTld ; e z P ;l fhykhf ,Ujug G; ey ;YwTfis Mg ;fhd p] ;jhd ; guhkh pj ;J tUfpwJ. fle ;j r py jrhg ;jq ;fshf> ehL gy kl;lq ;fs py ; r pukq ;fis re ;jpj ;J tUfpwJ kw ;Wk ; Mg ;fhd p] ;jhd pd ; xU ez ;gdhf ,e ;jpah rhj ;jpakhd xt n ; thU topa pYk ; cjt p toq ;f cWjpas pj ;Js ;sJ. Mg ;fhd p] ;jhd py ; jt P puthjpfis t pul;Ltjw ;fhf mnkh pf ;fh

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kw ;Wk ; rh ;tNjr ghJfhg G; g ; gilfs ; (ISAF) ~MgNu\d ; e Pbj ;j Rje ;jpuk |; vd ;gij Vw ;gLj ;jpa g pwF> g pw ehl;L t p\aj ;jpy ; cz ;ikahd jiya PL ,y ;yhj xU nfhs ;ifia ,e ;jpah guhkh pf ;fpwJ. ,U ehLfSf ;Fk ; ,ila pyhd ,e ;j el;G wTfshdJ ,g ;gFjpa py ; gu] ;gu ed ;ik kw ;Wk ; mikjpf ;fhd mw pFw pfis Cf ;Ft pj ;J

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,izg G;

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,e ;jpar ; re ;ijia Neubahf mZf Mg ;fhd pa t ptrha pfSf ;F Kf ;fpa topj ;jlj ;ij toq ;Ftjw ;fhf ,U ehLfSf ;Fk ; ,ilNa xU thd ; top ruf ;F topj ;jlj ;ij cUthf ;f g pujkh ; NkhbAk ; mjpgh ; fhd pAk ; xg G; f ; nfhz ;ldh ;. Mg ;fhd p] ;jhd pw ;F 'Gjpa th ;j ;jf kw ;Wk ; Nghf ;Ftuj ;J tha ;g G; fis" cUthf ;Ftjw ;fhd xU Kf ;fpakhd eltbf ;ifahf rhf ;ghfh ; JiwKfj ;ij ,af ;Ftjw ;fhd Muk ;gfl;l Kaw ;r pfs ; ghuhl;Lf ;Fh pait vd nts pAwTj ; Jiw mikr ;rfk ; nts pa pl;Ls ;s mw pf ;ifa py ; njh pt pf ;fg ;gl;Ls ;sJ. Mg ;fhd pa thfdq ;fs ; ,e ;jpaht pw ;F ruf ;Ffis nfhz ;L nry ;tjw ;Fk ; ,e ;jpaht pypUe ;J vLj ;Jr ; nry ;tjw ;Fk ; mj ;jhh pa py ; jdJ xUq ;fpize ;j Nrhjidr ; rhtbia mikf ;f jahuhf ,Ug ;gjhf ,e ;jpa muR njh pt pj ;jJ.

Mg ;fhd p] ;jhDldhd jdJ cwTf ;F ,e ;jpah kpf mjpf Kd ;Dh pik ms pg ;gjfhTk ; mjd ; muRf ;Fk ; mjd ; kf ;fSf ;Fk ; njhlh ;e ;J Mjuts pf ;f cWjpas pg ;gjhfTk ; g pujkh ; Nkhb nrg ;lk ;gh py ; njh pt pj ;jhh ;. [dhjpgjp fhd pa pd ; muRKiwg ; gazj ;jpd ; NghJ> g pujkh ; Nkhb Ke ;ija mw pf ;ifa py ; cs ;s jdJ epiyg ;ghl;il cWjpg ;gLj ;jpdhh ;> NkYk ; ,U jiyth ;fSk ; 'g puhe ;jpa kw ;Wk ; rh ;tNjr gq ;fhsh ;fSld ; neUf ;fkhf gz pahw ;wTk ;; Mg ;fhd p] ;jhd ; xU epiyahd> mikjpahd> xd ;Wgl;l> tsUk ;> tskhd kw ;Wk ; gd ;Kfj ;jd ;ik tha ;e ;j ehlhf tsh ;tij ghh ;f ;Fk ; Nehf ;fj ;Jld ;> gy N; tW rh ;tNjr t pthjj ;jpy ; MNyhrid toq ;fTk ;> xj ;Jiof ;fTk ;> xUq ;fpize ;J nray ;glTk ; ,U jiyth ;fSk ; xg G; f ; nfhz ;Ls ;sdh ;>" vd vk ;.,.V mw pf ;if njh pt pf ;fpwJ.

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mlq;fpa FOf;fhsy; I.vd;.v];.tp jhhpdp ,af;fg;gLfpwJ. ,f;FOthdJ rhfrkhd gazk; Nkw;nfhs;tJ Nghf> ,e;jpa thdpiy Muha;r;rpj; Jiw (IMD) %yk; Jy;ypakhd thdpiy Kd;dwptpg;gpw;fhf thdpiy> fly; kw;Wk; miy jfty;fis xg;gpl;Lg; ghh;j;J mtw;iw GJg;gpf;fpd;wd. caukhd fly; kl;lq;fspy; fly; khRghl;il fz;fhzpf;fpd;wdh; kw;Wk; fly; gazj;ij Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhf JiwKfj;jpy; epw;Fk; NghJ cs;Sh; thrpfSld; ciuahLfpd;wdh;. muR Mjhuq;fspd; gb> Netpfh rhfh; ghpfpukh MdJ ngz;fs; jq;fSila KO rf;jpiaAk; ngWtjw;F Njrpa nfhs;ifAld; ,zf;fkhf cs;sJ. cyf muq;fpy; ~ehhp rf;jp| (ngz;kzpapd; rf;jpia) fhz;gpf;fTk;> ,e;jpahtpy; ngz;kzpfSf;F vjpuhd rKjhaj;jpd; kdepiyia khw;wTk; cjt ,J jPh;khdpj;Js;sJ. I.vd;.v];.tp jhhpdpahdJ Nfhthtpy; cs;s jpthhpy; fl;lg;gl;l ,e;jpa flw;gilapd; ,uz;lhtJ flw;gaz fg;gyhFk;. vl;L Mz;LfSf;F Kd;G cUthf;fg;gl;l ,jd; Kd;Ndhb fg;gy; khjphpahd kfjpiag; NghyNt ,e;j fg;gYk; ,Uf;fpwJ. 2009 Mk;

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ngq;fhyp ehtyhrphpah; ruj; re;jpu rhl;Nlhghj;ah 1917 Mk; Mz;by; jdJ thrfh;fSf;F Njtjhi] mwpKfg;gLj;jpa NghJ> mtuJ Nrhfkhd fjhehafDf;F vd;d fpilf;Fk; vd;gij mth; epidj;Jg; ghh;j;jpUf;f khl;lhh;> ehty; gf;fq;fs; KOtJk; jpushd fw;gidfis mth; tpijj;jpUe;jhh;. 2017 Mk; Mz;by; E} w;whz;il vl;ba ,f;fijahdJ gy tUlq;fshf vz;zw;w fUj;Jf;fis ntspg;gLj;jpAs;sJ> NkYk; xt;nthU Gjpa tpsf;fKk; ,e;jpahit khw;Wtij gpujpgypf;fpwJ. ,ijj; jOtp 17 rpdpkhf;fs; vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ gpugykhd fyhr;rhuj;jpw;Fs; mjd; ePbj;j <h;g;ig nghUj;jkhf rhl;rp gfph;fpwJ> NkYk; r%f khw;wk; vd;Dk; fhw;wpy; gazpf;Fk; NghJ> xU tsUk; ehL> Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; kw;Wk; kWf;Fk; Mz;ik> ngz;ik kw;Wk; tPuk; Fwpj;j fUj;Jf;fis rpj;jhpg;gJ mtw;wpy; kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. rhl;Nlhghj;ahtpd; ehtyhdJ Njtjhi] thrfh;fSf;F ~Kfh;[p FLk;gj;jpd; Njtjh]hf| mwpKfg;gLj;JfpwJ> gpd;dh; ghFghl;L KiwahdJ fjhehafdpd; fbdkhd ghijiaj; jPh;khdpf;fpwJ. rKjhag; gphptpidfshy; gphpe;J fhzg;gLk; ghNuh my;yJ re;jpuKfp cldhd rl;lG+h;tkhd cwit Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s Kbahj> fyg;G rhjp kw;Wk; fyg;G gphptpdh; jpUkzj;ij kWf;Fk; ~Kfh;[p FLk;gj;ijr; Nrh;e;jtuhfNt| Njtjh]; fij KOtJk; fhzg;gLfpwhh;. mth; nghpatdhFk; NghJ> mtuJ rKjha epiyf;Fk; mth; ghNuhit

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1955 ,y; uha; vLj;j fijapd; Nrhf fhl;rpahdJ ngUk;ghyhd Neuq;fspy; Njtjhi] ,e;jpahtpd; etPd fjhehafdhf ghh;f;f itf;fpwJ> ghuk;ghpaj;ijAk; etPdkakhjiyAk; rhpnra;a Kbahj mtuJ epiyapy; ,Ue;J mtuJ Nrhfk; cUthfpwJ

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ghuk;ghpak;

Njtjh]; fijia 17 rpdpkhf;fs; jOtpapUg;gJ mjd; ePbj;j <h;g;gpw;F rhl;rp gfph;fpwJ ghuk;ghpaj;ijAk; etPdkakhjiyAk; rhpnra;a Kbahj mtuJ epiyapy; ,Ue;J mtuJ Nrhfk; cUthfpwJ. ,e;j NjtjhRk; ~Kfh;[p FLk;gj;jpd;| ghFghl;L Kiwf;F ,ilapy; khl;bf; nfhz;lhh;> NkYk; mij vjph;f;Fk; mtuJ Jzpr;rYf;F etPd fy;tp kw;Wk; efuj;jpy; tsh;e;jJ cWJizahf tUfpwJ. ghk;Ng rpdpkh vd;w Gj;jfj;ij vOjpa uQ;rdp k[{k;jhh;: jw;NghJ <LgLj;jg;gLk; fjhghj;jpuq;fis jLf;Fk; kfpo;r;rpaw;w czh;tpy; ntspg;gLj;jpa me;j Neuj;jpy; ehL re;jpj;j ,e;jpahtpd; Raj; Njhw;wkhf ~efuj;jpw;Fk; fpuhkg;Gwj;jpw;Fk; ,ilapyhd vjph;g;ghf> 1950 fspy; ,e;jpa rpdpkhtpd; Fwpg;gpl;l #oiy efuj; njhFg;ghdJ tpthjpf;fpwJ. efuj;jpd; Fog;gkhf ,Uf;fl;Lk; my;yJ fpuhkj;jpd; Njf;fkile;j kuGfshf ,Uf;fl;Lk; ~etPdj;jpd;| cz;ikiag; Ghpe;Jnfhs;tjw;F vjpuhd kaf;f kUe;J tbtpy;| Njtjh]pd; kJg;gof;fj;ij ghh;g;gjhf ,e;j tpthjj;jpy; jpiug;gl Ma;thsh; G+[h uq;fd; Kd; itf;fpwhh;. mLj;j rpy jrhg;jq;fSf;F> Mzhfl;Lk; my;yJ ngz;zhfl;Lk; fjhehafd; midj;J tpjq;fspYk; ebf;Fk; xU epiyf;F tu 1950 fspy; jpypg; Fkhh; ebj;j Njtjh]; vd;w fhyj;jhy; mopahj nkd;ikahd fjhghj;jpuk; \hkp fG+h; vd;w ~typikahd| fhjy; fjh ehafd;> mjd;gpd; mkpjhg; gr;rdpd; ~Nfhgkhd ,isQd;| kw;Wk; fhd; MfpNahUf;F topia Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLj;jJ. ,e;j #o;epiyapy;> Njtjh]pd; kW gjpg;ghd mDuhf; fh\;ahg;gpd; Njt; b 2009 ,y; ntspahdJ. ,J 20 Mk; E} w;whz;Lf; fijia 21 Mk; E}w;whz;bd; efh;g;Gwj;jpw;F vLj;Jr; nry;fpwJ kw;Wk; jPtpukhd tpsf;fj;jpw;F cl;gl;bUf;fpwJ. Ke;ija Njtjh]; fjhghj;jpuq;fspy; ,Ue;J Kw;wpYk; khWgl;l ,e;jpahtpy; thOk; xU nfl;Lg;Nghd> gzf;fhu> ,yl;rpakpy;yhj ,isQd; jhd; fh\;ahg; cUthf;fpa Njtjh];. FLk;gj; jiythpd; Ml;rp xopg;G> ghypd ghj;jpuq;fspd; khw;wk; kw;Wk; cyfj;jpw;F Neuhd xU khWgl;l fz;Nzhl;lkhdJ njspthf ,Uf;fpwJ>

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ruj; re;jpu rl;Nlhghj;jpahtpd; ehty; Njtjh]; Kjypy; 1917 Mk; Mz;L ntspaplg;gl;lJ. mg;NghjpUe;J gp.rp. ghU (Njt;jh];> 1935)> gpky; uha; (Njtjh];> 1955)> rQ;ra; yPyh gd;rhyp (Njtjh];> 2002) kw;Wk; mDuhf; fh\;ahg; (Njt; b 2009) cl;gl gyh; ,f;fijia glnkLj;Js;sdh;

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,J ~Kfh;[p FLk;gj;jpd;| ghFghl;L KiwapypUe;J Fwpg;gplj;jf;f tifapy; khWgLfpwJ. ,e;j Njt; fhjhg;ghj;jpuKk; Kuz;ghlhd J}z;Ljy;fSf;F ,ilapy; khl;bf; nfhs;fpwJ. MdhYk;> rKjha ePjpnewpfSf;F fl;Lg;gLtijj; jhz;b> mtuJ ghh;itahdJ xU cyfkakhf;fg;gl;l cyfpYs;s xU jdpeghpd; tho;f;ifapd; mh;j;jj;ij fUj;jpy; nfhs;tjw;F Neuhf jpUk;gpAs;sJ. fh\;ahg; cUthf;fpa ghNuh kw;Wk; re;jpuKfp ghj;jpuq;fSk; ngz;zpdj;jpd; Njhw;wj;ij khw;wpaij gpujpgypf;fpd;wd. Ke;ija gl fjhghj;jpuq;fisg; Nghyy;yhky;> ghNuh jd; fhjy; Njhy;tpf;fhf Jf;fg;gltpy;iy> mjw;Fg; gjpyhf xU Gjpa FLk;gj;jpy; kfpo;r;rpAld; tho jPh;khdpf;fpwhs;. gioa fjhehafdpd; epiyf;Fk; mtdJ ~Mz;ik| milahsj;jpw;Fk; xU KOikahd khWghL cs;sJ. cz;ikapNyNa> ghNuhTk; rhe;jhTk; Ke;ija glq;fspy; Mz;ik ,ilntspia ePf;fg;gl;l Fzq;fis ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;wdh;: mth;fs; Njt; NghyNt %h;f;fkhfTk; ngUq; Nfhgk; nfhs;fpwth;fshfTk; ,Uf;fpd;wdh;> mtd; rh;tNjr mstpy; fy;tp fw;wpUe;jhYk; ghjpf;fg;glf;$batdhfTk;> kpfTk; Raf; fl;LghLs;stdhfTk; kw;Wk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f mstpy; kpfTk; epahakhdtdhfTk; ,Uf;fpwhh;. 21 Mk; E}w;whz;bd; Njtjh]; mtUf;F Kd;dhs; te;jth;fisg; NghyTk; mth;fspy; ,Ue;J khWgl;ltuhfTk; ,Uf;fpwhh;: mth; nrayw;wtuhf milahsk; fhzg;gLfpwhh;> MdhYk; xU Gjpa r%f fl;likg;ig fz;lwpAk; ePjp newpAs;s cah;kl;l Nrhf fjhehafdhf ,y;iy. ,Wjpahf jdJ ghijia khw;wj; J}z;Lk; xU me;epadpy; jdJ nrhe;j Kfj;ij ghh;f;Fk; mstpw;F kuzj;jpw;F mUfpy; ,Uf;fpwhh;. Ke;ija fjhghj;jpuq;fs; jq;fSila fl;Lg;ghl;bw;F mg;ghy; kuz czh;thYk; vjph;g;gw;w jd;ikapdhYk; Ml;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wdh; (Njtjh]; Nghd;w kdpjh;fSf;F mjph;\lk; cjtpy;iy vdpy;> jq;fs; #o;epiyfis tpl;L vOk;g [Kbahky;] Nghij vd;w ghpjhgj;jpw;Fs; %o;fp tpLthh;fs;| vd ehthy; $WfpwJ) Mdhy; Njt; b ,y; cs;s Njt; jdJ Nrhfkw;w KbT KOtJk; Kw;wpYk; ek;gpf;ifAs;stuhfNt ,Uf;fpwhh;. ,e;j Njtjh]; kw;nwhU ehisg; ghh;g;gjw;fhf tho;fpwhh;.

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uhdpd;

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,lJ: jq;fs; xl;lfq;fSf;Fk; MLfSf;Fk; rpwe;j Nka;r;ry; epyj;ijj; Njb njhlh;e;J Fbngah;e;J tUk; F[uhj; goq;Fbapdhpy; ngUk;ghYk; ehNlhbfshd uhghpf;fspd; iftpid kw;Wk; [Tsp ghuk;ghpaj;jpd; xU tsh;r;rp ntspg;ghLjhd; Fl;r; vk;g;uha;lhp MFk;. tbtq;fs; nghJthf tbtpay; tbtq;fspy; cUthf;fg;gLfpd;wd fPNo: uhghp goq;Fbiar; Nrh;e;j xU ngz;zpd; gr;ir Fj;jpa iffs;. gy uhghp FOf;fSf;Fk; gQ;[huh goq;Fbapdh;fSf;Fk; ypl;by; uhd; Fl;r; jhd; jhafkhFk;

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NkNy: uhd; Fl;rpy; cs;s xU Fbirapd; tz;zkakhd $iu. ,e;j epyg;gug;G Mz;L KOtJk; mofhf nts;is epwj;jpy; ,Ue;jhYk;> uhdpy; cs;s tPLfs; Milfspy; cs;s gy tz;zq;fs; mt;tg;NghJ gpujpgypf;fpd;wd Kfg;Gg; gf;fk;: xU fpuhkj;jpy; ngz;fs; kz;ghz;l Ntiyapy; <Lgl;Ls;sdh;. fspkz; iftpidg; nghUs; F[uhj;jpd; goikahd ghuk;ghpaq;fspd; xU Kf;fpakhd gFjpahFk; kw;Wk; rpW fz;zhbfisf; nfhz;l mofhd Rth;fs; Fl;r; kw;Wk; Nfjh khtl;lq;fspy; cUthf;fg;gLfpd;wd

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tz;zkakhd fz;fhl;rpfs;> xl;lf rthhpfs; ehl;Lg;Gw eldk; kw;Wk; gytw;wpd; %yk; kfpo;r;rpahd nfhz;lhq;fSld; E} w;whz;L goikahd ghuk;ghpak; uhd; cl;rtj;jpy; fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,e;j tUl gjpg;ghdJ etk;ghpy; Jtq;fp 2018 khh;r; 4 tiu ePbf;Fk;. NkYk; jftYf;F> ghh;itaplTk;: www. gujarattourism.com/ fairsfestivals/cultural-festivals/ rann-utsav

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Kfg;Gg; gf;fk; (NkypUe;J fPo;): kj;jpag; gpuNjrj;jpy; cs;s gPk;ngl;fh kiy thr];jyq;fs;. rhQ;rp ];J}ghf;fs@ NkNy (,lkpUe;J tyk;): Nghghypy; cs;s Nfhz;L goq;Fbapdhpd; tPL. Fthypah; Nfhl;ilf;F mUfpy; n[apd; jPh;j;jq;fuh;fs; my;yJ ,ul;rfh;fspd; rpw;gq;fs;

thh ;j ;ijaw ;w Mdhy ; rf ;j ptha ;e ;j fUg n ; ghUs ; r pj ;jh pg ;ghf ,Uf ;f pd ;wd. rhQ ;r pa pd ; tbthd kw ;Wk ; mikj pahd ] ;J}g pf ;fs py ; mLj ;jjhf Md ;k f P j ;ij jOTq ;fs ;. e Pq ;fs ; khe py jiyefh ; Nghghy py ; ,Ue ;jhy ;> KbTwhj mw G; j gilg ;igg ; ghh ;f ;f mUf pYs ;s Ngh[ G; +Uf ;F nrd ;W thUq ;fs ;. KOik ngwhj G +N[\ ;th ; Nfht py py ; xNu fy ;y py ; nrJf ;fg ;gl;l k pfg ; ngh pa r pty pq ;fq ;fs py ; xd ;W (18 mb cauk ;> 7.5 mb Rw ;wsT) ,lk ; ngw ;Ws ;sJ! khe pyj ;j pd ; fl;llf ;fiy mj praq ;fs py ; tuyhw ;W efuq ;fshd Fthy pah ; kw ;Wk ; Mh ;r ;rh ,uz L ; k ; mlq ;Fk ;.

,aw ;if jJk G; fpwJ xd ;Wf n ; fhd ;W rhiy khh ;f ;fkhf xU r py kz pNeu J}uj ;j py ; mike ;Js ;s fd ;`h> ngQ ;r ; kw ;Wk ; ghe ;jt ;fhh ; Mf pait ,e ;j paht pd ; k pfr ; r pwe ;j Gy pfs ; ruzhyaq ;fshFk ; kw ;Wk ; ,q ;F rhy ; kw ;Wk ; %q ;f py ; kuq ;fs ;> mh pa tif r pWj ;ij> J}q ;F %Q ;r p fubfs ;> khd ;> Ch ;td kw ;Wk ; gwitfs ; Vuhskhf fhzg ;gLf pd ;wd. Fs ph ;fhyk ; Rw ;Wyhg ;

gUtkhf ,Ug ;gjdhy ;> ,e ;j %d ;W gFj pfisAk ; ,aw ;if t pUk ;g pfs ; kw ;Wk ; tdt pyq ;F Mh ;tyh ;fshy ; ghh ;f ;f k pFe ;j Mh ;tk ; fhl;Lf pd ;wdh ;. 2>000 Mz L ; goikahd ghe ;jt ;fhh py ; ,Ue ;J e Pq ;fs ; gazj ;ij Jtq ;fyhk ;. ,J r pwe ;j Guhz kw ;Wk ; Gfo n ; gw ;w Kf ;f paj ;Jtk ; tha ;e ;j xU ,lkhFk ;> NkYk ; ,J kd pjh ;fs ; cUthf ;f pa gy Fiffs ; kw ;Wk ; ghiw Xt paq ;fs pd ; jhafkhfj ; j pfo ;f pwJ. mLj ;jjhf nkd ;ikahd nfhk G; fisAila fUg G; kw ;Wk ; nghd ;d pw khd ;fshd ghur pq ;fht pd ; jhafkhd fd`hTf ;Fr ; nry N; thk ;. ngQ ;r ; gFj pa py ;> Nfhd L ; goq ;Fba pdUld ; goFk ; kw ;Wk ;

ghe;jt;fhh; ,e;jpahtpd; kpf mofpa Njrpa G+q;fhf;fspy; xd;whFk;> NkYk; ,J Guhz kw;Wk; goq;fhy Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;ej ; ,lkhfj; jpfo;fpwJ

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gazk;

ehd ;F ehs ; gaz topfhl;b: Fthypah pypUe ;J ge ;jt ;fh ; gazk ; ehs; 1 FthypaUf;F te;jpwq;fp Fthypah; Nfhl;il> n[a; tpyh]; muz;kid kw;Wk; c];jhj; `h/gp]; fhid ngUikg;gLj;j mikf;fg;gl;l Gfo;ngw;w ,ir mUq;fhl;rpafkhd rNuhj; fhh; Mfpatw;wpd; topahf xU ghuk;ghpa eilgazk; Nkw;nfhs;sTk;.

ehs; 2 Fthypahpy; ,Ue;J rpe;jpahtpd; mur FLk;gj;jpd; Kd;dhs; Nfhilfhy jiyefukhd rpt;Ghp mjd; rj;hpfSf;F (mur FLk;g fy;yiwfs;) kpfTk; Gfo;ngw;witahFk;. ngj;th ejpf;fiuapy; khiy Neuj;ij nrytpl #hpad; m];jkpf;Fk; Neuj;jpy; Mh;r;rhtpw;Fr; nry;yTk;.

ehs; 3 Nfhapy;fSf;F mUfpy; #hpa cjaj;ij ghh;f;f f[{uhN`htpw;F mjpfhiyapNy nrd;W NruTk;. NkYk; mjpf jfty;fSf;F> bf;nfl; fTz;lh; mUfpYs;s Rw;Wyh ikaj;jpy; xU MbNah topfhl;b thliff;F thq;fpf; Nfl;fTk;.

ehs; 4 ngjhfhl;by; cs;s Jthe;jhpy; ehis nrytplTk;. khepyj;jpd; tdtpyq;Ffis ghh;j;J urpf;f khiy Ntisapy; ge;jt;fhh; Nehf;fpr; nry;yTk;. NkYk; jfty;fSf;F ghh;itaplk;: mptourism.com

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mth ;fSila ghuk ;gh pa fiyfs py ; kaq ;Fk ; gy tha ;g G; fs ; cq ;fSf ;F f pilf ;Fk ;. Nfhz L ; Xt path ;fs ; Rth ;fisAk ; fjTfisAk ; jq ;fs ; Nfd ;th]hf gad ;gLj ;Jf pd ;wdh ; kw ;Wk ; ifnaOj ;J tbtq ;fis cUthf ;f kQ ;rs ; kw ;Wk ; fUg G; fs pkz ;iz gad ;gLj ;Jf pd ;wdh ;. fhL kw ;Wk ; goq ;Fb fyhr ;rhuj ;ij KOtJkhf fz L ; ur pj ;j g pwF> kj ;j pag ; g puNjrj ;j pd ; ngUikf ;Fh pa ,aw ;if e Ph ; mj praq ;fs py ; e Puhb midj ;J Nrhh ;TfisAk ; t pul;babAq ;fs ;. [gy G; +h py pUe ;J Rkhh ; 25 f p.k .P njhiyt py ; xU mw G; jkhd Fj piu fhyb tbt e Ph ;t Po ;r ;r p mike ;Js ;sJ> ,J ngUk ;ghyhd Neuq ;fs py ; ,e ;j paht pd ; eahfuh e Ph ;t Po ;r ;r p vd miof ;fg ;gLf pwJ. ngjhNfl;by ; cs ;s Jae ;jh ; ghy pTl; glnkLg ;gjw ;fhd xU fdTg ; g puNjrkhf t psq ;Ff pwJ!

NkNy: fd;`h Njrpa G+q;fhtpy; xU Gyp Kfg;Gg; gf;fk; (,lkpUe;J tyk;): rGjhdh fpr;hp. kj;jpag; gpuNjr muR elj;Jk; vk;Nghhpaj;jpy; xU ifj;jwp nerT ,ae;jpuj;jpd; nray;ghLfis iftpid epGzuhd rpthdp jhh; fhz;gpf;fpwhh;

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ahj ;h pfh pd ; Nghf ;fplk ; t pe ;j pah kw ;Wk ; rj G; uh kiyj n ; jhlh ;fs ; re ;j pf ;Fk ; mkh ;fe ;jf ;> xU goikahd ,e ;J ahj ;h pf ikakhFk ;. NkYk ; ,J eh ;kjh> Nrhd ; kw ;Wk ; N[h` pyh Mf pa %d ;W ej pfs pd ; g pwg ;g plkhf ,Uf ;f pwJ. xU cz ;ikahd Fiwe ;jgl;r mDgtj ;j pw ;F> vk ;g pbbr p h prhh ;l;by ; cs ;s $lhuq ;fs py ; jq ;f p ej pf ; fiua py ; cq ;fs ; Neuj ;ij nryt pLq ;fs ;. eh ;kjh ej pf ;fiua py ; ,e ;j paht pYs ;s 12 Gd pj N[hj ph ;y pq ;f Gd pj ] ;jyq ;fs py ; xd ;whd Xk ;fhNu\ ;th ; cs ;sJ. r pg ;uh ej pf ;fiufs py ; ,e ;J kjj ;j pd ; VO Gd pj efuq ;fs py ; xd ;whd> c[ ;i[d ; mike ;Js ;sJ. f p.K 600 Mk ; Mz ;ilr ; Nrh ;e ;j ,e ;j ,lk ; 12 tUlq ;fSf ;F xUKiw elf ;Fk ; Fk ;g Nksh elf ;Fk ; ,lkhFk ;.

jl;L epiwa Ngh`h rpNyg;gpAld; ,e;J}hpy; xU ehisf; fopg;gJ czTg; gphpah;fSf;F rpwe;j Jtf;fkhFk;

Xa ;it Ner pg ;gth ;fs ; tuyhw ;W efuq ;fshd kN`\ ;th ; kw ;Wk ; rhe N; jh p Mf pa efuq ;fs ; ifahy ; nea ;ag ;gl;l NriyfSf ;F Gfo n ; gw ;witahFk ;. cq ;fs ; ,jak ; t pUk ;g paij thq ;FtNj ,e ;j ,uz L ; efuq ;fisAk ; ur pg ;gjw ;fhd r pwe ;j to pahFk ;> mNjNeuj ;j py ; ifahy ; nerT nra ;ag ;gLk ; nra ;Kiw> rhak pLjy ; kw ;Wk ; ifj ;jw pa py ; Ntiy nra ;jy ; Mf patw ;iwAk ; e Pq ;fs ; fl;lhak ; fz L ; kf po Ntz L ; k ;. mWRit czTfSf ;F Gfo n ; gw ;w efukhd ,e ;J}h ; ,q ;f pUe ;J ntF njhiyt py ; ,y ;iy. gy tifahd cg G; kw ;Wk ; f[f ;fSld ; gh pkhwg ;gLk ; jl;L e piwe ;j Ngh`h r pNyg ;g pa py ; Jtq ;f p ,Wj pahf efuj ;j pd ; g pugykhd czTr ; re ;ijahd ruh/gh g[hUf ;F nry ;tJ tiu xU ehisf ; fo pg ;gJ czTg ; g ph pah ;fSf ;F r pwe ;jjhf ,Uf ;f pwJ. #lhd czT ,y ;yhky ; kj ;j pag ; g puNjr gazj ;ij Kbg ;gjw ;F NtW ve ;j ey ;y to pAk ; ,y ;iy!

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,ir

ghuk;ghpak; cr;rj;jpy; MSif

nra;Ak; NghJ ,e;jpahtpy; ghuk;ghpa ,ir tpohf; fhyj;ij rpwg;gpf;f> ehl;bd; ,ir ghuk;ghpaj;jpd; capNuhl;lkhd tUlhe;jpu nfhz;lhl;lq;fspy; ehd;ifg; gw;wpa xU ghh;itia cq;fSf;F nfhLf;fpNwhk; ciu rpypg;gp V rpq;

,e ;jpaht pd ; ,ir ghuk ;gh paj ;ij nfhz ;lhl> xt n ; thU Mz ;Lk ; ehL KOtJk ; ghuk ;gh pa ,ir t pohf ;fs ; elj ;jg ;gLfpd ;wd> r pyit t pohf ;fSld ; Nrh ;e ;Jk ; kw ;wit Kw ;w pYk ; fiyf ;fhfNt elj ;jg ;gLfpd ;wd. Nfusht pd ; jpUtde ;jGuj ;jpypUe ;J gQ ;rhg pd ; [ye ;jh ; tiu kw ;Wk ; F[uhj ;jpd ; mfkjhghj ; Kjy ; tq ;fhsj ;jpd ; nfhy ;fj ;jh tiu> ehl;bd ; xt n ; thU gFjpAk ; Gfo n ; gw ;w fiyQh ;fisAk ; tsh ;e ;J tUk ; fiyQh ;fisAk ; xd ;W jpul;b ,e ;jpa ghuk ;gh pa ,ira pd ; tskhd kuGf ;F kh pahij nrYj ;JfpwJ. ca pNuhl;lkhd> Jbg ;ghd kw ;Wk ; ghuk ;gh pakhd> ,e ;j ,ir jpUt pohf ;fs ; Gfo n ; gw ;w ,irf ;fiyQh ;fis epidT +l;Lfpd ;wd> goikahd ghuk ;gh paq ;fSf ;F kh pahij nrYj ;Jfpd ;wd kw ;Wk ; ,e ;jpaht pd ; fiy kuig nts pg ;gLj ;Jfpd ;wd. ,e ;jpaht py ; ,irj ; jpUt pohf ; fhyj ;ij r pwg ;g pf ;f> kpfTk ; g pugykhd t pohf ;fs py ; ehd ;ifg ; ghh ;g N; ghk ;.

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nly ;yp ghuk ;gh pa ,irj ; jpUt poh> GJ nly ;yp mf;Nlhghpy; fkdp Mbl;Nlhhpaj;jpy; eilngw;w vl;lhtJ nly;yp ghuk;ghpa ,irj; jpUtpohthdJ ,e;jpahtpd; kpfr; rpwe;j rpy ghlfh;fSf;Fk;> thj;jpaf; fiyQh;fSf;Fk; kw;Wk; gpugykhd ,sk; fiyQh;fSf;Fk; xU Nkilahf nray;gLfpwJ. ,e;j tUlk; rhfpj;a fyh ghp\j;Jk; nly;yp murpd; fiy> fyhr;rhuk; kw;Wk; nkhopfs; JiwAk; Nrh;e;J $l;lhf Ie;J ehs; epfo;r;rpf;F Vw;ghL nra;Js;sd. Kjy; ehspy; Gfo;ngw;w ghlfh; fphp[h Njtpia epidT$Wk; tpjkhf xU epkplk; nksd mQ;ryp nrYj;jg;gl;lJ> mjd;gpd; mg;gh[pf;F gj;k];hp gh;tPd; Ry;jhdhtpd; ,ir mQ;ryp nrYj;jg;gl;lJ> Vndd;why; fphp[h Njtp mth;fs; gz;bl; m[ha; rf;uth;j;jp> Foy; CJk; tpj;thd; m[a; gpurd;dh kw;Wk; re;J}h; Nk];l;Nuhf;fs; mga; NrhNghhp kw;Wk; g[d; NrhNghhp MfpNahh; Nghd;W ghlfuhfTk; ,irf; fiyQuhfTk; ed;F mwpag;gLfpwhh;.

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,ir

`hpty;ygh rq;fPj rk;Nkyd; jhd; ,e;jpahtpNyNa kpfg; goikahd ghuk;ghpa ,ir tpohthf ek;gg;gLfpwJ Gd pjkhd> G~ ;fh ;> uh[] ;jhd ; Gd pjkhd G\ ;fh ; xt n ; thU tUlKk ; brk ;gh ; khjj ;jpy ; eilngWfpwJ. fiyf ; FOt pduhy ; elj ;jg ;gLk ; ,j ;jpUt poh ,ir Mh ;tyh ;fSf ;F xU r pwe ;j Eiotha pyhFk ;> ,J ghly ;fs ;> Nahfh fUj ;juq ;Ffs ;> topfhl;lg ;gLk ; jpahdk ;> efuj ;jpy ; Vw ;ghL nra ;ag ;gl;Ls ;s ghuk ;gh pa eilgazk ; Nkw n ; fhs ;Sjy ; kw ;Wk ; gytw ;Wld ; xU Gj ;Jzh ;T mDgtj ;jpw ;F cj ;juthjks pf ;fpwJ. xt n ; thU tUlKk ;> ,j ;jpUt poh R/g p> fh] ;gy ;> fhgy ;yh> ehl;Lg G; wk ; kw ;Wk ; ghuk ;gh pak ; vd gy N; tW ,ir ghuk ;gh paq ;fisr ; Nrh ;e ;j kpfTk ; rf ;jptha ;e ;j kw ;Wk ; ,e;jpa juprdk; | 62 | mf;Nlhgh; - brk;gh;

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gyt pjkhd Njr pa kw ;Wk ; rh ;tNjr fiyQh ;fs py ; r pyiu tuyhW kw ;Wk ; Md ;k f P czh ;it Mokhff ; nfhz ;l efh py ; xd ;W Nrh ;f ;fpwJ. 2017 Mk ; Mz ;by ;> ,j ;jpUt poht py ; fpuhkp t pUJ ntd ;w ,irf ; fiyQh ; t pf ;fp t pehaf ;> ghlfh ;fs ; Nu\ ;kp mfh ;thy ; kw ;Wk ; ft pjh Nrj ; MfpNahh ; ,lk ; ngw ;wdh ;. ghuk ;gh pa kw ;Wk ; gy Fuy ; ghly ;fSf ;F ngah ; ngw ;w Nghye ;ijr ; Nrh ;e ;j Nfg ;gy ;yh ngz ;fs ; ghlfh ; FOthd Nygul;Nlhh pak ; g par pd p kw ;Wk ; ,kakiya pd ; ,ir kw ;Wk ; eldj ;ij ghJfhf ;Fk ; kw ;Wk ; Cf ;fg ;gLj ;Jk ; Nehf ;Fs ;s xU Neghs mikg ;ghd r pq ;fpd p Muha ;r ;r p ikak ; Mfpait ghh ;itahsh ;fis fth ;e ;jitfs py ; r pythFk ;. epfo ;r ;r pfs py ; midtUk ; fye ;J nfhs ;syhk ;> mNjNeuj ;jpy ; ghuk ;gh pa eilgazj ;jpw ;F Kd ; gjpT nra ;a Ntz ;Lk ;.

`h pty ;ygh rq ;f j P rk N; kyd ; ,e ;jpaht pNyNa goikahd ghuk ;gh pa ,irj ; jpUt pohthf ek ;gg ;gLfpwJ> ,J Jwt pAk ; ` pe ;J] ;jhd p ghuk ;gh pa

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,ir NkijAkhd ghgh `h pty ;ygh mth ;fshy ; mtUila FU Rthkp Jy ;[h fph p mth ;fs pd ; epidthf 1875 Mk ; Mz ;L Jtq ;fg ;gl;ljhFk ;. gQ ;rhg py ; cs ;s [ye ;jh py ; ,e ;j tUlk ; elf ;ft pUf ;Fk ; ,j ;jpUt poht pd ; 142 tJ t pohthdJ fph p[h Njt p kw ;Wk ; fpN\hh p mNkhd ;fh ; epidthf mh ;g ;gz pf ;fg ;gLk ;. g pugykhd fiyQh ;fs pd ; Neub epfo ;r ;r pfis fz ;Lfs pf ;f xt n ; thU Mz ;Lk ; ehL KOtjpYkpUe ;Jk ; kw ;Wk ; mjd ; vy ;iyfSf ;F mg ;ghy ; ,Ue ;Jk ; Ma puf ;fzf ;fhd ,irg ; g ph pah ;fs ; ,q ;F $Lfpd ;wdh ;. vjph ;fhy fiyQh ;fis Cf ;fg ;gLj ;jTk ; ghuhl;lTk ;> jpUt poht pd ; xU gFjpahf = ghgh `h pty ;ygh rq ;f j P g ph pj N; ahfpjh Vw ;ghL nra ;ag ;gl;Ls ;sJ. Nghl;ba py ; ntw ;w p ngw ;wth ;fs ;> mLj ;j jpUt poht py ; Kf ;fpa muq ;fpy ; epfo ;r ;r p elj ;Jk ; tha ;g ;igg ; ngWthh ;fs ;.

rg ;jf ; ,irj ; jpUt poh NkNy ,Ue;J tyg;Gwkhf: `hpty;ygh rq;fPj rk;Nkydpy; xU epfo;r;rp. jkpo;ehl;bYs;s kJiu kPdhl;rp mk;kd; Nfhtpypy; xU ghuk;ghpa ,irf; fr;Nrhp. Gdpj G\;fhpy; ehfjh fUj;juq;F. `hpty;ygh rq;fPj rk;Nkydpy; xU epfo;r;rpKfg;Gg; gf;fk; (,lkpUe;J tyk;): Gdpj G\;fhpy; xU ght; epfo;r;rp. jpUtpoh xU ghuk;ghpa eilgadj;jpw;Fk; Vw;ghL nra;Js;sJ

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F[uhj ;jpd ; mfkjhghj ; efuj ;jpy ; 8 tJ rg ;jf ; tUlhe ;ju ,irj ; jpUt poh 2018 [dth p 1 Kjy ; 13 tiu eilngWk ;. KjyhtJ ,ir epfo ;r ;r pahdJ 1980 Mk ; Mz ;L r pjhh ; Nk] ;l;Nuh gz ;bl; ut p rq ;fuhy ; Muk ;g pj ;J itf ;fg ;gl;lJ. xU nghJ mwf ;fl;lisahy ; Vw ;ghL nra ;ag ;gLk ;> tut pUf ;Fk ; jpUt poht py ; 200 fiyQh ;fs ; kw ;Wk ; 40 khzth ;fSld ; 50 f ;Fk ; mjpfkhd g ph pTfs ; ,lk n ; gwTs ;sd. gy N; tW fpuhzhf ;fk ; kw ;Wk ; ghz pfis g pujpgypf ;Fk ; JUghl; kw ;Wk ; fhay ; Kjy ; Jk ;h p tiu midj ;J t pjkhd ,e ;jpa ghuk ;gh pa ,irfSk ; ,lk n ; gWk ;.

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eldk;

ke;jpu

ehlfk; moF> ehlfk; kw;Wk; fUg;nghUs; Mok; Mfpatw;iw xd;whff; nfhz;LtUk; xU ghuk;ghpa eld tbtkhd Nkhfpdp Ml;lk; Nfushit G+h;tf P khff; nfhz;l Vuhskhd fiyfspy; xd;whFk; ciu mQ;rdh uh[d;

,e ;jpaht pd ; njd N; kw ;F %iya py ; mike ;Js ;s khepykhd Nfush mjd ; FWfpa tbtj ;jpYk ; fl;baizf ;Fk ; flw ;fiua pYk ; r pw pajhfj ; Njhd ;wyhk ;> Mdhy ; mjd ; Njhw ;wkhdJ vz ;zw ;w fiy tbtq ;fs pd ; jhafkhfj ; jpfo ;fpwJ. Nfushit G +h ;t f P khff ; nfhz ;l Vuhskhd fiyfs py ; xd ;whd Nkhfpd p Ml;lk ; nghJthf mjd ; ngaiu itj ;J ~ke ;jpuf ;fhh pa pd ; eldk |; vd nkhopngah ;f ;fg ;gLfpwJ. eldkhLgth pd ; mofhd cly ; mirTfs ;> mtSila fph pk ; kw ;Wk ; jq ;f epw cil> thDyf Njitfis epidTg ;gLj ;Jk ; mtsJ Kfk ;> nts ;is epw kyh ;fshy ; Rw ;wg ;gl;L jiya pd ; Xuj ;jpy ; mkh ;e ;jpUf ;Fk ; gd ; nfhz ;il kw ;Wk ; ,it midj ;JlDk ; Nrh ;e ;J tUk ; czh ;itj ; J}z ;Lk ; ,ir Mfpait ghh ;it kw ;Wk ; nrt p moFf ;F xU jd pj ;Jtkhd mDgtj ;ijf ; nfhLf ;fpd ;wd. Nkhfpd pahl;lj ;jpy ; clypd ; mirTfs ; CQ ;ryhLk ; gz G; fs ; Nfush njhlh ;ghd Njhw ;wq ;fis nfhz ;L tUfpd ;wd: caukhd njd ;id kuq ;fs ; Nkfk ; epiwe ;j thdj ;jpy ; ,e;jpa juprdk; | 64 | mf;Nlhgh; - brk;gh;

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CQ ;ryhLtJ> nkd ;ikahd f w P ;Wfs ; Nghd ;w mtw ;w pd ; nky ;ypa mbkuq ;fs ;; mug pf ; flypd ; Vw p ,wq ;Fk ; miyfs ;; my ;yJ miyaiyahd Fd ;Wfs ; go kuq ;fs ;> kuts ;s pf ;fpoq ;F my ;yJ ug ;gh ; kuq ;fs ; epiwe ;j Njhl;lq ;fs pd ; gRik. Nfush njhlh ;ghf mofhd %o ;fp vOk ; Njhw ;wk ; vijj ; Njh ;e n ; jLj ;jhYk ;> mJ eldkhLgth pd ; Mokhd gf ;fthl;L tisTfs ; kw ;Wk ; ,Lg ;g pd ; Row ;Wjy ;> mtsJ clyikg ;g pd ; moF kw ;Wk ; yl;rzk ; kw ;Wk ; nkd ;ikahd fuk ; kw ;Wk ; xU epiya pypUe ;J mLj ;j epiyf ;Fr ; nry ;ytJ Nghy Njhd ;Wk ; fhy ; e Pl;Ljy ;fSld ; nghUj ;jkhf ,Uf ;Fk ;. Mdhy ; Nkhfpd p Ml;lk ; vd ;gJ moF kw ;Wk ; eak ; gw ;w paJ kl;Lk ; my ;y. ,e ;jpaht pd ; g pw ghuk ;gh pa eld tbtq ;fisg ; NghyNt> ,JTk ; fijnrhy ;Yk ; cah pa ehlff ; fiyahFk ; kw ;Wk ; kd pj czh ;Tfis MuhAk ; xU ClfkhFk ;. eldkhLgth ; cld ; tUk ; ghlfh ;fs ; ghLk ; ghly ; th pfis nts pg ;gLj ;j Kfg ; ghtizfs ;> r pf ;fyhd if iriffs ; kw ;Wk ;

Kfg;Gg; gf;fk;: Nkhfpdp Ml;lk; ghuk;ghpakhf ngz;fshy; Mlg;gLfpwJ

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eldk;

ghj mirT mikg G; fs ; cl;gl KO mirTitAk ; gad ;gLj ;Jfpwhh ;. Nkhfpd p Ml;lj ;jpd ; ,irahdJ mjd ; Njhw ;wj ;jpw ;Fk ; mikg ;g pw ;Fk ; kpFe ;j gyk ; Nrh ;f ;fpwJ. xU Nkhfpd p Ml;l ,irf ;FOt py ; nghJthf xU ghlfh ; kw ;Wk ; gy nky ;ypir kw ;Wk ; jl;ly ; ,irf ; fUt pfs ; fhzg ;gLk ;. xU kpUjq ;fk ; my ;yJ xU kj ;jsk ; %yk ; jhsk ; Nrh ;f ;fg ;gLfpwJ. jhsj ;ij r pwg ;g pf ;f [hyuhf ;fs ; my ;yJ jl;Lf ;fs ; gad ;gLj ;jg ;gLfpd ;wd. Gy ;yhq ;Foy ; my ;yJ t i P z my ;yJ ,uz ;ilAk ; gad ;gLj ;jp nky ;ypir ngwg ;gLfpwJ. xU Fr ;r pia gad ;gLj ;jp thr pf ;fg ;gLk ; kz pf ; FLit tbtKs ;s

Nkhfpdp Ml;lj;jpy; Kidth; gl;lk; ngw;w Kjy; Mz; fiyQh; Nf.vk; mG Mthh; ,e;jpa juprdk; | 66 | mf;Nlhgh; - brk;gh;

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vlf ;fh vdg ;gLk ; nfhl;L xU Kf ;fpakhd thj ;jpaf ; fUt pahFk ;. Nfusht pd ; ghuk ;gh pa ,irahdJ Nrhgd rq ;f j P k ; vd miof ;fg ;gLfpwJ. ~Nrhgdk |; vd ;gJ xU Gd pj ] ;jyj ;jpw ;Fr ; nry ;Yk ; gbfisf ; Fw pf ;fpwJ. ,e ;j gf ;jp tbtg ; ghlYf ;Fg ; g pd ;dhy ; cs ;s jj ;JtkhdJ nja ;t f P ,yf ;fpw ;F gbg ;gbahf nrd ;wiltijf ; Fw pg ;g pl xU gf ;jh ; Gd pj ] ;jyj ;jpw ;F gb VWk ; cUtfj ;ij gad ;gLj ;JfpwJ. eldkhLgth ; g pugykhd fh ;ehlf rq ;f j P ghly ;fSf ;F eldkhbdhYk ;> Nkhfpd p Ml;lk ; ngUk ;ghYk ; Nrhgd rq ;f j P j ;Jld ; Nrh ;e N; j Mlg ;gLfpwJ. ,e ;jpaht pd ; g pw ghuk ;gh pa eldq ;fs ; kw ;Wk ; ehlf tbtq ;fisg ; NghyNt> fp.K 2 Mk ; E}w ;whz ;bw ;Fk ; fp.g p 2 Mk ; E}w ;whz ;bw ;Fk ; ,ilg ;gl;l fhyj ;ijr ; Nrh ;e ;j r pwe ;j rk] ;fpUj ehlff ; fiyahd ehl;ba rh] ;jpuht py ; ,Ue ;J cUthdNj Nkhfpd p Ml;lk ; MFk ;. ,e ;j Ma ;Tf ;fl;Liua py ;> gy N; tW kdepiyfis nts pg ;gLj ;Jk ;

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NkNy: Nfushtpd; jpUtde;jGuj;jpYs;s Nkhfpdp Ml;l eldf; fiyQh;fs tyJ (NkypUe;J fPo;): Nkhfpdp Ml;l eldf; fiyQh; gy;ytp fpU\;zd;. Nkhfpdp Ml;l eldf; fiyQh; n[agpugh Nkdd; fjfyp eldf; fiyQUld; eldkhLfpwhh;

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eldk;

,lJ: Nfushtpd; jphpr;#hpy; Nfus fyhkz;lgj;jpy; khzth;fs; gapw;rp nra;fpd;wdh; fPNo kw;Wk; Kfg;Gg; gf;fk;: Kf ghtizfNs Nkhfpdp Ml;lj;jpd; xU Kf;fpakhd mk;rkhFk;

gy N; tW tifahd mirTfis ehk ; gbf ;Fk ; NghJ> vjd ; f o P ; Nkhfpd p Ml;lk ; tifg ;gLj ;jg ;gLk ; vd ;gij ehk ; vs pjhf mw pe ;J nfhs ;syhk ;. nkd ;ik> moFk ; kw ;Wk ; Neh ;j ;jpa pd ; fo P ; tifg ;gLj ;jg ;gLfpwJ> fhjy ; kw ;Wk ; mofpd ; fUj ;Jf ;fis g pujpgypf ;fg gad ;gLj ;jg ;gLfpwJ. ehl;ba rh] ;jpuj ;jpd ; Kjy ; mj ;jpahaj ;jpy ;> Gfo n ; gw ;w ciuahr ph pah ; ghujp $Wfpwhh ; ,t ;tifahd eldj ;ij Mz ; cly ;fshy ; nra ;a KbahJ vd ;gjdhy ; ,e ;j mirTfisr ; nra A ; k ; gb Fw pg ;ghf ngz ; ehl;baf ; fiyQh plk ; Nfl;Lf ; nfhz ;lhuhk ;. mofhf ,Uf ;f clYf ;F ga pw ;r pas pg ;gJ eldkhLgth pd ; ghypdj ;ijr ; rhh ;e ;J ,Ug ;gjpy ;iy vd ;gjdhy ;> ,e ;j fUj ;J ,d ;W cz ;ika py ; rh ;r ;irf ;Fh pajhf ,Uf ;fyhk ;. vdNt jhd ;> gy E}w ;whz ;Lfshf Nkhfpd p Ml;lk ; ghuk ;gh pakhf ngz ;fshy ; Mlg ;gl;lhYk ;> ,d ;W r py Mz ; eldf ; fiyQh ;fs ; ,t ;tifahd eldkhLtjhf rthy ; t pl;Ls ;sdh ;. Nf.vk ; mG ,th ;fs py ; Fw pg ;g plj ;jf ;fth ; Mthh ; - ,th ; Nkhfpd p Ml;lj ;jpd ; Kjy ; Mz ; t pj ;Jthdhf (2015 Mk ; Mz ;by ); Kidth ; gl;lk ; ngw ;wJ kl;Lkpd ;w p> ,t ;thW nra ;j Kjy ; ,] ;yhkpa K] ;y k P ; mw pQuhfTk ; ,Uf ;fpwhh ;.

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Nkhfpd p Ml;lj ;jpw ;F xU r pf ;fyhd tuyhW cs ;sJ kw ;Wk ; mjd ; Njhw ;wk ; Fw pj ;J njs pthd xUkpj ;j fUj ;J ,y ;iy. 16 Mk ; E}w ;whz ;L gilg ;g py ; ,e ;j fiya pd ; ngah ; Muk ;g thh ;j ;ijf ; Fw pg ;g py ; fz ;lw pag ;gl;lhYk ;> 18 kw ;Wk ; 19 Mk ; E}w ;whz ;Lfs pNy Nkhfpd p Ml;lk ; Cf ;fk ; ngw ;wjhf xg G; f n ; fhs ;sg ;gLfpwJ. g ph pl;b\ ; ,e ;jpaht py ; jpUthq ;$h ; vd miof ;fg ;gLk ; rk] ;jhd kd ;dh ; kfhuh[h Rthjp jpUey ; (1813-1846) xU ,iraikg ;ghsh ;> ft pQh ; kw ;Wk ; gd ;Kfj ; jpiwik gilj ;j fiyQh ; Mthh ;> ,tuJ Ml;r p fhyj ;jpy ; Nkhfpd p Ml;lk ; jiyj N; jhq ;fpaJ. 1878 Kjy ; 1958 tiu tho ;e ;j Njr pathjpAk ; r Ph ;jpUj ;jthjpAkhd ft pQh ; ts ;sNjhy ; ehuhaz Nkdd ; mth ;fs ; fjfyp ehl;ba ehlf tbtk ; cs ;s pl;l gy Nfus fiy tbtq ;fs pd ; kWkyh ;r ;r pf ;Fk ; g pugykiljYf ;Fk ; ngUk ; gq ;fhw ;w pdhh ;> Mdhy ; mth ; Nkhfpd p Ml;lj ;ij gug G; tjw ;fhf Ntiy nra ;jhh ; kw ;Wk ;

Nfusht pd ; jph pr ;#h py ; fiyfSf ;fhd ikakhf Nfus fyhkz ;lyj ;ij epWt pdhh ;. fyhkz ;lyj ;jpd ; %j ;j Kd ;dhs ; khzt pfs py ; xUtuhd fy ;ahz pf ;Fl;b mk ;kh vd ;w ngah ; 20 Mk ; E}w ;whz ;by ; Nkhfpd p Ml;lj ;jpd ; vOr ;r p> epfo ;r ;r p kw ;Wk ; ga pw ;r pa py ; g pugykhFk ;. ,d ;W> Nkhfpd p Ml;lk ; vd ;gJ ntWk ; ~ke ;jpu Ml;lkhf| kl;Lk ; ,y ;iy. ,ij ga pw ;r p nra ;gth ;fs ; fUg n ; ghUis Mz ; nja ;tq ;fs ; kw ;Wk ; ngz ; nja ;tq ;fs pd ; ghuk ;gh pa fijfs py ; ,Ue ;J kl;Lkpd ;w p> KJikailjy ;> ngz ;kz pfs pd ; ch pikfs ; kw ;Wk ; Nghh ; mikjp Fw pj ;j Xahj Nfs ;t pfs ; Nghd ;w kd pj g pur ;ridfs py ; ,Ue ;Jk ; Njh ;e n ; jLf ;fpd ;wdh ;. ghujp r pth[ p> j Pg ;jp xk n ; rh p ghyh> n[ag pugh Nkdd ;> Rde ;jh ehah ;> gy ;yt p fpU\ ;zd ;> Nfhg pfh th ;kh kw ;Wk ; Nkj ;jpy ; Njt pfh MfpNahh ; Nkhfpd p Ml;lj ;jpd ; ed ;F mw pag ;gl;l eld fiyQh ;fs ; kw ;Wk ; Mr ph pah ;fs py ; r pyuhth ;.

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ehlff;fiy

fyhr;rhuj;ij

muq;Nfw;Wjy; ,e;jpah KOtJk; xt;nthU gFjpAk; jdJ jdpj;Jtkhd gq;fspg;Gfis toq;fp gy ehl;Lg;Gw ehlf tbtq;fis xd;whf ,ize;J Njrj;jpd; ebg;G fiy ghuk;ghpak; vd;w fth;rr ; pfukhd nfhbia mirf;fpd;wd ciu rh;gh];jp khypf;

gy tUlq;fSf;F Kd;G brk;gh; khjj;jpd; eL ,uT Ntisapy;> tq;fhsj;jpy; cs;s ghrpk; kpjpdpG+hpd; cl;Gwj;jpYs;s vd; nrhe;j fpuhkj;jpw;F vdJ Kjy; gazj;ij Nkw;nfhz;l NghJ jhd;> ehd; Kjyhtjhf [j;uh ghyh ehlfj;ijg; ghh;jN; jd;. mg;NghjpypUe;J> vdf;F njhpe;jnjy;yhk; ,iur;ryhd ,ir kw;Wk; gfl;lhd Milfspy; ebfh;fSld; xU jpwe;jntsp ehlf ebg;G jhd;. vdJ je;ijapd; Njhs;fspy; mkh;ej ; pUe;jjdhy;> efuj;jpy; tsh;ej ; vdJ kdjhy; kdf; fpsh;rr ; p vd;why; vd;d vd;gijg; Ghpe;J nfhs;s Kbatpy;iy. uh[h Nghy Mil mzpe;j xU kdpjh; Nkil Vwpa NghJ> ghh;itahsh;fspd; ,iur;ry; mlq;fpaJ>

NkYk; kPjKs;s fhl;rpahdJ xU jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jpaJ> mJ ,d;W tiu vdJ epidtpy; gjpe;Js;sJ. ,e;jpahtpd; gue;J tphpe;j epyg;gug;ghdJ czT> nkhop kw;Wk; fyhr;rhu eilKiwfspy; vz;zw;w tiffSf;F jhafkhfj; jpfo;tjdhy;> ehL KOtJk; cs;s ehl;Lg;Gw ehlf tbtq;fs; gpuNjrj;jpw;F gpuNjrk; khWgLk; ebg;Gf; fiy ghuk;ghpaq;fs; vd;w capNuhl;lkhd nfhbia mirf;fpd;wd. rpyh; Guhzq;fspypUe;J rpy ghfq;is ebj;jhYk;> kw;wth;fs; md;whl fpuhk tho;fi ; fapy; cs;s fhl;rpfis rpj;jhpf;fpd;wdh;. ePqf ; s; mDgtpf;fpwtw;wpy; MW ,q;F nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

[hj ;uh [hj ;uh vd ;gJ 16 Mk ; E}w ;whz ;ilr ; Nrh ;e ;j tq ;fhs ehl;Lg G; w ehlf tbtkhFk ;. ,e ;jpa Guhzq ;fs ;> tuyhW my ;yJ rkfhyj ;jpa rKjha g pur ;r pidfs ; Mfpatw ;wpypUe ;J vLf ;fg ;gl;l fijfis t pth pf ;f ghly ;fs ;> thj ;jpa ,ir> ciuahly ;fs ; kw ;Wk ; nrhw n; whlh ;fis [j ;uh ghyh vdg ;gLk ; ehlfq ;fs ; gad ;gLj ;Jfpd ;wd. tq ;fhs nkhopa py ; ~[hj ;uh| vd ;gjw ;F gazk ; vd ;W mh ;j ;jkhFk ;. [hj ;uh cz ;ika py ; ,ir ehlf tifahf ,Ue ;jhYk ;> ,t ;tbtk ; ,g N; ghJ trdk ;> Nkk ;gl;l ciuahly ;fs ; kw ;Wk ; eifr ;Ritf ; fhl;r pfis Nrh ;f ;FksT tsh ;e ;Js ;sJ.

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NkYk; mjpf tbtq;fs;

et;jhq;fp cj;jpug; gpuNjrk; kw;Wk; gPfhh; khepyq;fis gpwg;gplkhff; nfhz;l et;jhq;fp ehlfkhdJ Njh`h (<ubr; nrAs;)> rht;Nghyh (ehybr; nrAs;) kw;Wk; gytw;Wld; xU rpf;fyhd ,ir mikg;igg; ngw;Ws;sJ> . ehlfj;jdkhd ciuahly;fs; kw;Wk; rf;jptha;e;j eldg;ghly;fs; ,jd; rpwg;gk;rq;fshFk;.

ghe;j; Ngjh;

af ;~hfdh fh ;ehlfht py ; g pugykhd eld ehlfkhd af\ ;‌ hfdh Nfusht pd ; tl Nfhb khtl;lkhd fhrh N; fhL tiu gut pAs ;sJ. g pw ;gFjpa py ; gy tUlq ;fshf Nfht py ; fiy tbtkhf ebf ;fg ;gl;l ,J ,d ;Dk ; ,g ;gFjpa py ; gz ;biffs pd ; NghJ fyhr ;rhu epfo ;r ;r pfs pd ; xU xUq ;fpize ;j gFjpahf ,Uf ;fpwJ. ghuk ;gh pakhf> af\ ;‌ hfdh ebfh ;fs ; fjhg ;ghj ;jpuq ;fisr ; Rw ;wpAs ;s tho ;f ;if eaj ;ij t pl mjpfkhf fhz ;g pf ;Fk ; Kf myq ;fhuk ;> ngh pa jiyf ;ftrk ; kw ;Wk ; gfl;lhd Milfs ; kw ;Wk ; Mguzq ;fs ; Mfpatw ;iw gad ;gLj ;Jtjpy ;iy. gy ,e ;jpa ehl;Lg G; w ehlf tbtq ;fisg ; NghyNt> fijfSf ;fhd fUg n; ghUl;fs ; Guhz fht paq ;fs py ; ,Ue ;J Fwpg ;ghf uhkhazk ; kw ;Wk ; kfhghujk ; Nghd ;wtw ;wpypUe ;J vLf ;fg ;gLfpd ;wd. xU af\ ;‌ hfdh epfo ;r ;r pAld ; ,ize ;J tUk ; ,irf ; fUt pfs py ; nrq ;fpyh ([hyuhf ;fs ); kw ;Wk ; vyjhsk ; (r pwpa [hyuhf ;fs ); Nghd ;w ,irf ; fUt pfs ; fhzg ;gLk ;.

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[k;K kw;Wk; fh\;kPhpd; ghuk;ghpa ehl;Lg;Gw ehlf tbtkhd ghe;j; Ngjh; MdJ eldj;ij kl;Lkpd;wp ciuahly;fisAk; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ kw;Wk; ghh;itahsiu <h;g;gjw;fhf elj;jg;gLfpwJ. cs;Shh; kf;fs; kw;Wk; rkfhyj;jpa gpur;rpidfspd; tof;fkhd tho;f;if kw;Wk; ghuk;ghpaq;fs; kPJ fijfs; cUthf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

fhh;ahyh ,khr;ryg; gpuNjrj;ijr; Nrh;e;j fhh;ahyhthdJ gy;NtW cs;Shh; tiffSld; khepyk; KOtJk; elj;jg;gLfpwJ. fhh;ahyh ehlfj;jpw;F Kd; nfhl;L mbf;fg;gLfpwJ kw;Wk; Fiwthd nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; cilfSld; ngUk;ghYk; eifr;Rit kw;Wk; eldj;ijf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ.

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ehlff;fiy

NkYk; mjpf tbtq;fs;

mq ;fpah

$bahl;lk; Nfushtpd; xU ehl;Lg;Gw ehlf tbtkhd $bahl;lk; vd;gJ 2>000 tUl ghuk;ghpakpf;f ,d;Wk; mopahj ehfhpfkhd rk];fpUj ehlfkhFk;. ,e;jpahtpd; kpfg; goikahd capNuhl;lkhd ehlf ghuk;ghpaq;fspy; xd;whd ,e;j ehlfk; And];Nfhthy; kdpjFyj;jpd; goikahd fyhr;rhu ghuk;ghpakhf mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

gNfhdhmrhkpd ; xU ghuk ;gh pa ehlf tbtkhd mq ;fpah gNfhNdh ehlfkhdJ ,e ;j khepyj ;jpYs ;s it\ ;zt klhyaq ;fs ; my ;yJ rj ;jpuq ;fs py ; ,Ue ;J cUthdjhf fz ;lwpag ;gl;Ls ;sJ> ,J ghly ;fs ; kw ;Wk ; ciuahly ;fs ; cs ;s xU eld ehlfkhFk ;. Md ;k f P FUTk ; r%f r hP ;jpUj ;jthjpAkhd rq ;fuNjt (1449-1568) mth ;fshy ; cUthf ;fg ;gl;l ,e ;j ehlf tbtkhdJ rk] ;fpUj ehlf ghuk ;gh paj ;jpy ; vQ ;r pAs ;sitfis ghJfhf ;fpwJ. gy tz ;zq ;fs py ; n[hypf ;fpw Milfs ;> Mokhd kw ;Wk ; mofhd Fuy ;fs py ; ghly ; t psf ;fq ;fs ;> cah pa jhsq ;fs ; kw ;Wk ; nfhl;Lfs ;> [hyuhf ;fs ; kw ;Wk ; Gy ;yhq ;Foy ;fis gad ;gLj ;Jk ; nky ;ypirfs ; kw ;Wk ; Fiwghlw ;w ehlf ebg G; Mfpait ,e ;j ehl;Lg G; w ehlf tbtj ;jpd ; jd pj ;Jtkhd r pwg G; fshFk ;.

uhk;kd; kdpjFyj;jpd; rpwe;j fyhr;rhu ghuk;ghpa And];Nfh gl;baypd; kw;nwhU mq;fkhd uhk;kd; jpUtpohTk; mjd; rlq;fhr;rhu ehlfKk; cj;jufz;bYs;s rY} h;-Jq;uhtpd; ,ul;il fpuhkq;fspy; xU gd;Kf fyhr;rhu epfo;r;rpahf elj;jg;gLfpd;wd.

uhk;yPyh ,e;jpahtpy; cs;s ehl;Lg;Gw ehlfj;jpd; kpfTk; gpugykhd tbtq;fspy; xd;whd uhk;yPyh ehL KOtJk; gy;NtW khepyq;fspy; elj;jg;gLfpwJ. ghuk;ghpakhf> etuhj;jphp tpohtpd; NghJ uhkhazj;jpd; ehlf tbtj;ij uhk;yPyh nfhz;bUf;fpwJ.

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jkh~h kfhuh\ ;buht pd ; xU ehl;Lg G; w fiy tbtkhd jkh\h 300 Mz ;Ls ; goikahdjhf ek ;gg ;gLfpwJ. ,e ;j nghOJNghf ;F ,ir fiy tbtj ;jpy ; Vuhskhd ghly ;fs ; kw ;Wk ; eldq ;fs ; ,lk ; ngWfpd ;wd. xU cz ;ikahd> ghuk ;gh pa jkh\h ehlfk ; vd ;gJ gjthd p (,ir tbtj ;jpy ; cs ;s Nfs ;t pfs ; kw ;Wk ; gjpy ;fs ); > fhdh `thdhdh (,ir %ykhf nrhy ;yg ;gLk ; Guhzf ; fijfs ); thfh (ehlfk ); kw ;Wk ; yhtz p (eldk ); Nghd ;w gy ghuk ;gh pa fiy tbtq ;fs pd ; fyitahFk ;. xU jkh\h FOt py ; nghJthf fiyQh ;fs ;> gz pahsh ;fs ;> rikay ;fhuh ;fs ;> Xl;Ldh ;fs ; kw ;Wk ; g pw Copah ;fs ; cl;gl 100 cWg ;g pdh ;fs ; ,Ug ;ghh ;fs ;> NkYk ; khepyk ; KOtJk ; epfo ;r ;r pfSf ;F Vw ;ghL nra ;J xU tUlj ;jpy ; VO Kjy ; vl;L khjq ;fs ; tiu gazk ; nra ;thh ;fs ;. jkh\h ehlfNk ngz ;fs ;> tajhdth ;fs ;> ,isQh ;fs ; Nghd ;w gy N; tW ghh ;itahsh ; tiffSf ;fhd jd pj ;jd p g ph pTfs ; cl;gl MW Kjy ; vl;L kz pNeuq ;fs ; elf ;ff ; $bajhFk ;> uridfs ; kw ;Wk ; tbtq ;fs ; gFjpf ;F gFjp khWgLfpd ;wd.

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/Ng\d;

,lJ: tbtikg;ghsh; mDg;gkh jahypd; tlfpof;fpd; jhf;fkhd ~rz;il kw;Wk; tpUe;J| vd;w Nrfhpg;gpYs;s gilg;Gfs; Kfg;Gg; gf;fk;: tlfpof;F ,e;jpa /Ng\d; thuk; (NEIFW) 2017 ,y; tbtikg;ghsh; ahdh eNfhghtpd; gilg;Gfs;

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tbtikg;gpd;

rNfhjhp ,sikahd> rf;jptha;ej ; tbtikg;ghsh;fs; mlq;fpa xU FOtpdhy; rpwg;ghf elj;jg;gLk; tlfpof;F ,e;jpahtpd; Mil tbtikg;Gj; Jiw ,e;j gFjpapd; mofpay; kw;Wk; fyhr;rhu milahsj;ij ntspr;rj;jpw;F nfhz;L tUfpwJ ciu rhh;kp mjpfhhp

fle;j tUlk; ehfyhe;jpw;F gazk; nra;j NghJ> Mil tbtikg;ghsh; mDg;gkh jahy; kuf; nfhl;bd; jhsq;fSf;F vk;Rq;U goq;Fbapdhpd; jiytUld; Nrh;e;J jhd; vt;thW nghUj;jkhf eldkhbdhh; vd;gij $Wfpwhh;. khepyk; KOtJk; jdJ mDgtq;fis mth; tpsf;fpf; $Wk; NghJ> ,e;j tUlk; mNkrhd; ,e;jpah /Ng\d; thuj;jpy; fhl;rpg;gLj;jg;gl;l ~rz;il kw;Wk; tpUe;J| vd;w jdJ Nrfhpg;gpy; jdJ kdjpy; glk;gpbj;J itj;jpUe;j fhl;rpia vt;thW tpsf;fpf; $wpdhh; vd;gij ePq;fs; ghh;f;fj; Jtq;FtPh;fs;. cjhuzkhf> jiythpd; rhypd; fl;lk; Nghl;l tbtkhdJ MW Ko Nriyapy; kWtbtk; ngw;wpUe;jJ. fyhr;rhu gd;Kfj;jd;ik> tskhd ghuk;ghpak; kw;Wk; mw;Gjkhd epyg;gug;igf;

nfhz;l tlfpof;F ,e;jpah ehL KOtJKs;s gy tbtikg;ghsh;fspd; ce;Jjy; fskhf tpsq;FfpwJ> NkYk; jq;fs; nrhe;j khepyq;fspd; mofpay; fsQ;rpaj;ij cyfj;jpw;F vLj;Jr; nry;Yk; rf;jptha;e;j ,sk; tbtikg;ghsh;fshd nrhe;j khepyj;jpd; tsh;e;J tUk; el;rj;jpuq;fis Cf;fg;gLj;JfpwJ. rkPgj;jpy; ,l;lhefhpy; eilngw;w %d;whtJ tl fpof;F ,e;jpa /Ng\d; thuk; (NEIFW) MdJ jq;fs; jhafk; vd miof;Fk; tbtikg;ghsh;fspd; Nrfhpg;Gfis fhl;rpg;gLj;jpajd; %yk; rpwe;j gFjpahf ntspg;gl;lJ. ijay; jpwikia cUthf;f capNuhl;lKs;s epwq;fs; kw;Wk; rpf;fyhd El;gq;fs; xd;whf ,ize;jd> ,e;j fhl;rp tlfpof;if cyfpd; cr;rj;jpw;F nfhz;L

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/Ng\d;

ehfyhe;jpy;> mlh;ej ; ePyk;> rptg;G kw;Wk; kQ;rs; epwq;fisNa Xtpah;fs; gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdh; kw;Wk; ,aw;if rhaq;fis kl;LNk gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdh;. tbtikg;Gfs; nghJthf NehpayhfTk; tbtpayhfTk; ,Uf;fpd;wd mDg;gkh jahy; ,e;jpa Mil tbtikg;ghsh;

nrd;wJ. mw;Gjkhd gilg;Gfis Jhpjkhf ghh;g;gJ $l mg;gFjpapd; vz;zw;w fijfis tpthpf;fpwJ> cjhuzkhf ehfyhe;jpd; xt;nthU goq;FbapdUf;Fk; ntt;NtW [Tsp> jdpj;Jtkhd tz;z Xtpak;> jdpg;gl;l fUg;nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; jdpj;Jtkhd njhq;fy; ghzpfs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. 'ehfyhe;jpy; rhakpLk; KiwahdJ ,q;F [Tspj; jahhpg;gpy; kpf Kf;fpakhd gFjpahf tpsq;FfpwJ. mlh;e;j ePyk;> rptg;G kw;Wk; kQ;rs; epwq;fis gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdh; kw;Wk; ,aw;if rhaq;fis kl;LNk gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdh;. tbtikg;Gfs; nghJthf NehpayhfTk; Kw;wpYk; tbtpayhfTk; ,Uf;fpd;wd. ghthilahf my;yJ KO MilahfTk; khw;wp mzpaf;$ba rhy; Nghd;w Jzpfis vLg;gjpy; njhq;fy; khWglyhk;" vd jahy; njhptpf;fpwhh;. mUzhr;ryg; gpuNjrj;jpy;> ngz;kzpfs; kpfTk; rhkh;j;jpakhf jq;fs; ghuk;ghpa milahsj;ij ntspg;Lj;Jk; kw;Wk; ghJfhf;Fk; tpjj;jpyhd xU jpwikahd ghuk;ghpa nerT Kiwfis filgpbf;fpd;wdh;. tl fpof;F ,e;jpa /Ng\d; thuj;jpy; jdJ gilg;Gfis fhl;rpg;gLj;jpa me;j khepyj;ijr; Nrh;e;j tbtikg;ghsh; ahdh eNfhgh jdJ jhafj;jpd; ghuk;ghpaj;ij ntspg;gLj;Jk; JzpfSf;F etPd fyhr;rhu Njhw;wj;ijf; nfhLj;J mtw;iw jahhpf;fpwhh;. tz;zkakhd kw;Wk; Ntbf;ifahd mtuJ tbtikg;Gfspy; khepyj;jpd; gy;NtW gFjpfis Mjhukhff; nfhz;l myq;fhuq;fs; kw;Wk; Jzpfs; Nrh;f;fg;gLfpd;wd. 'ghuk;ghpa nerTfis

Kfg;Gg; gf;fk; (,lJGwk; kw;Wk; tyJGwk;): tbtikg;ghsh; ahdh eNfhghtpd; gilg;Gfs; fPNo (,lkpUe;J tyk;): tbtikg;ghsh; n[d;[{k; fhbapd; Mz;fSf;fhd xU Mil tif. tbtikg;ghsh; jpuh[; Njfhtpd; ngz;fSf;fhd xU Mil tif

ehd; fpuhkj;J nerthsh;fSld; Ntiy nra;fpNwd; kw;Wk; mth;fsJ ghuk;ghpa nerTfis gad;gLj;JfpNwd;. rpwe;j tbtq;fs; kw;Wk; Xtpaq;fisf; nfhz;l mth;fSila gilg;ghw;wy; kw;Wk; epGzj;Jtk; cz;ikapNyNa <L,izaw;wjhFk; ahdh eNfhgh ,e;jpa Mil tbtikg;ghsh;

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gad;gLj;jp Milfis cUthf;Fk; jpwikg; ngw;w fpuhk nerthsh;fSld; ehd; gzpahw;wpapUf;fpNwd;. rpwe;j tbtq;fs; kw;Wk; Xtpaq;fisf; nfhz;l mth;fSila gilg;ghw;wy; kw;Wk; epGzj;Jtk; cz;ikapNyNa <L,izaw;wjhFk;." ,Nj Kiwapy; tbtikg;ghsh; n[d;[{k; fhbapd; gilg;Gfs; ghuk;ghpa fUj;Jf;fis rkfhyj;jpa ghzpAld; fyf;f;fpd;wd. mtuJ ntl;Lf;fs; $h;ikahfTk; Rj;jkhfTk; ,Uf;fpd;wd kw;Wk; mtuJ gilg;Gfs; efh;g;Gw ,isQh;fsplk; tuNtw;igg; ngw;Ws;sd. mUzhr;ryg; gpuNjrj;jpy; cs;s jph;gpd; fpuhkj;jpy; gpwe;j fhb mth;fs; jhd; rpW taJ Kjy; jdJ jahh; ghuk;ghpa ifj;jwpiag; gad;gLj;jp nrhe;j Milia nerT nra;tijg; ghh;j;J Nrfhpj;J itj;j goq;Fb fiy> Xtpaq;fs;> tz;zq;fs; kw;Wk; jdpg;gl;l mDgtq;fis gad;gLj;Jfpwhh;. 'trPfukhd rpf;fyhd tbtq;fs;> G+f;fs; kw;Wk; tpyq;fpdq;fis tiuaj; Njitahd iftpidj;jpwd; kw;Wk; gilg;ghw;wy; Mfpatw;iw xUNghJk; ,ae;jpuq;fisf; nfhz;L nra;a KbahJ>" vd;gij mth; njhptpj;jhh;. tskhd gl;Lf;fSf;F Gfo;ngw;w mrhk; khepyk; gy tbtikg;ghsh;fspd; gilg;Gfis ntspg;gLj;JfpwJ. mrhk; gl;lhdJ Nriy epGzh;fs; ahUk; tpUk;gf;$bajhf ,Ug;gjdhy;> jpuh[;

Njfh kw;Wk; Nkfdh uha; Nkb Nghd;w tbtikg;ghsh;fs; jq;fs; nrhe;j jdpj;Jtkhd topfspy; ghuk;ghpa ifj;jwpf;F khpahij nrYj;Jfpd;wdh;. mrhkpy; cs;s xU rpwpa efukhd jp`_itr; Nrh;e;j Njfh jdJ gilg;Gfs; midj;jpYk; mrhkpa ifj;jiwiag; gad;gLj;Jfpwhh;. gy;NtW tifahd gl;L Fwpj;J Muha;r;rp nra;a khepyj;jpd; cl;gFjpfSf;F tbtikg;ghsh; gazk; nra;tjdhy;> mth; Kfh Fwpg;ghf vhp kw;Wk; ghl; Mfpatw;iwf; nfhz;L Ntiy nra;a tpUk;Gfpwhh;. mrhkpy; mg;gFjpapd; gd;Kfq;fis rpj;jhpf;Fk; mofhd gilg;Gfis cUthf;ff;$ba mofhd nerTfs; kw;Wk; E}y;fspy; ifj;jwpj; JiwahdJ tskhff; fhzg;gLfpwJ. ngUk;ghyhd jdJ rkfhyj;jth;fisg; NghyNt> ,tUk; vhp> Kfh kw;Wk; NghNlh ifj;jwpapy; jpwikAs;s cs;Sh; fiyQh;fSld; kl;LNk Ntiy nra;fpwhh;. 'rpf;fyhd ifahy; nea;ag;gl;l Nkfyh rhy;fs; frpuq;fh Njrpa G+q;fhtpy; cs;s tdtpyq;Ffisr; rpj;jhpf;fpd;wd Ntisapy;> gpw Milfs; etehfhpfkhd tbtq;fs; kw;Wk; GJikfSld; ghuk;ghpa [hgp (%q;fpy; epoy;) fUj;ij Nrh;f;fpd;wd. tlfpof;if tpthpf;Fk; vspikahd trPfuj;ij jf;f itj;Jf; nfhs;tNj vdJ Kaw;rpahFk;>" vd mth; $Wfpwhh;.

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ghuk;ghpakhd ifj;jwpapy; trPfukhd rpf;fyhd tbtq;fis cUthf;fj; Njitahd ifNtiyj;jpwid xUNghJk; ,ae;jpuq;fshy; nra;a KbahJ n[d;[{k; fhb ,e;jpa Mil tbtikg;ghsh;

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rpdpkh

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cj;Ntfk; kw;Wk; el;rj;jpu

me;j];J

xU tpy;ydhf mwpKfkhfp> xU el;rj;jpukhf Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;L> yl;rf;fzf;fhd ,jaq;fis trPfhpj;j xU ehafdhf epidTgLj;jg;gLfpw> tpNdhj; fd;dh ghypTl;by; xU tifahd ghijiaf; fle;J jdf;Fg; gpd;dhy; xU rpwe;j rpdpkh kuig tpl;Lr; nrd;wpUf;fpwhh; ciu Fh;rpk;uhd; fTh;

tpNdhj; fd;dh

Muk ;gj ;jpy ; ,Ue N; j t pNdhj ; fd ;dh t pj ;jpahrkhdtuhf ,Ue ;jhh ;. vy ;yhtw ;w pw ;Fk ; Nkyhf> 1970 fs py ; cs ;s t py ;yd ;fs py ; vj ;jid Nguhy ; cq ;fis mth ;fis fhjypf ;f itf ;f Kbe ;jJ? Mdhy ; Nkuh fhTd ; Nkuh Nj\ ; (1971) kw ;Wk ; gj ;jh ; mTh ; ghay ; (1974) Nghd ;w jpiug ;glq ;fs py ; mtuhy ; nra ;a Kbe ;jJ. mtuJ xt n ; thU irifa pYk ; jd pj ;Jtkhd ghz pAk ; jd pg ;gl;l jpiuj ; Njhw ;wKk ; ,Ue ;jJ kw ;Wk ; mtuJ xt n ; thU ghh ;ita pYk ; tr f P uk ; ,Ue ;jJ . mth ; ,e ;jpa jpiug ;glj ; Jiwa py ; xU t py ;ydhf mw pKfkhfp el;rj ;jpukhf cUntLj ;jhh ;> mjd ;g pd ; xU KOikahd Jwt pahfTk ; (mnkh pf ;fht py ; cs ;s xU Mr pukj ;jpy ; Njhl;lf ;fhuuhd Rthkp t pNdhj ; ghh ;jp vd ;Wk ; miof ;fg ;gLfpwhh ); kw ;Wk ; mur pay ;thjpahfTk ; khw pdhh !; gQ ;rhg py ; cs ;s ng\hth py ; xU tz pf FLk ;gj ;jpy ; g pwe ;j fd ;dh 1947 Mk ; Mz ;L Kk ;igf ;F Fbngah ;e ;jhh ;. tz pft pay ; ghlj ;jpy ; jdJ gl;lg ;gbg ;ig Kbj ;j g pwF> Nghh ;bq ; ] ;$ypy ; Nf Mr p/g pd ; kf ;dk ; Xg] ;

Kfhy ; ,-mrhk ; vd ;w jpiug ;glj ;ij Kjyhtjhf ghh ;j ;jjpypUe N; j jdf ;Fs ; tsh ;j ;j fdthd jdJ nrYyha ;L gazj ;jpy ; ,wq ;fpdhh ;. fd ;dht pd ; neUq ;fpa ez ;guhd ,af ;Feh ; kNf\ ; gl; ,th ;fSila Kjy ; re ;jpg ;ig ,t ;thW epidT $Wfpwhh ;: 'ehd ; %d ;whtJ cjt pahsuhfTk ; t pNdhj ; t py ;yd ; [hgh ; r pq ;fhTk ; ebj ;j uh[ ; Nfh] ;yht pd ; Nkuh fhTd ; Nkuh Nj\ ; vd ;w glk ; KjNy t pNdhj ; Fw pj ;j vdJ Muk ;g fhy epidTfs ; cs ;sd. mth ; tsh ;e ;J tUk ; el;rj ;jpukhfTk ; ehd ; Nghuhbf ; nfhz ;L kl;LNk ,Ue ;jNghjpYk ;> ebfh pd ; Njitfis nra ;J nfhLf ;Fk ; nghWg G; vd ;d plk ; nfhLf ;fg ;gl;ljdhy ;> Muk ;gk ; KjNy ehd ; mtUld ; neUf ;fkhf ,Ue N; jd ;." khd ; fh k Pl; (1968) jpiug ;glj ;jpy ; Kf ;fpa t py ;ydhf ghypTl;by ; fd ;dht pd ; mw pKfk ; mtuJ fhy fl;lj ;jpYs ;s ve ;j Kf ;fpakhd ebfUf ;Fk ; tof ;fpj ;jpw ;F khwhdjhfNt ,Ue ;jJ vd ;gij gl; xg G; f ; nfhs ;fpwhh ;. 't py ;yd ; fjhghj ;jpuj ;jpy ; ebf ;fj ; Jtq ;fpa Kjy ; et d P ghypTl;

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rpdpkh

epidTg; gFjp Md; kpNyh rh[;dh (1970) ,e;jg; glk; ntspahd NghJ uhN[\; fd;dh ghypTl;il fyf;fpf; nfhz;bUe;jpUf;fyhk;> Mdhy; tpNdhj; fd;dh Kf;fpa tpy;ydhf ftdj;ij <h;j;jhh; kw;Wk; ghuhl;ilAk; ngw;whh;

NkNu mg;Nd (1971) Fy;]hh; jhd; KjyhtJ ,af;fpa glj;jpy; fd;dhit ebf;f itj;j NghJ> mw;Gjkhd ebg;igf; nfhz;L tUtjw;fhf %h;f;fj;jdkhd Ntfj;ijAk; jhf;fj;ijAk; xd;W Nrh;j;jhh;

mr;rhdf; (1973) ,e;j Fy;]hh; jpiug;glk; fd;dhit kidtpiaf; nfhiy nra;J jpUe;Jk; xU ,uhZt mjpfhhpahfg; ghh;j;jJ. mtuJ Kjph;r;rpaile;j> jpwikahd ebg;G nghpJk; ghuhl;lg;gl;lJ

,k;jpfd; (1974) fd;dhtpd; kpfTk; mw;Gjkhd ebg;Gfspy; xd;whf fUjg;gLfpwJ> xU $l;l uTb khzth;fis jpUj;Jk; xU rpwe;j Nguhrphpauhf ebj;jJ kwf;fKbahj xd;whFk;

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` P Nuh t pNdhj ; jhd ;. mtuJ r pwe ;j Njhw ;wk ; kw ;Wk ; RWRWg ;ghd nray ;ghL ,uz ;Lk ; Nrh ;e ;j xU nfhba fyita pd ; fhuzkhf mtuJ jd pj ;Jtkhd t py ;yj ;jdk ; ghh ;itahsh ; kj ;jpa py ; xU jhf ;fj ;ij Vw ;gLj ;jpaJ>" vd ;gij mth ; cWjpg ;gLj ;jpdhh ;. xUNtis ,e ;j fyit jhd ; fz ;zhit ghf ;] ; Mg p]py ; jh ;kNje ;jpuh my ;yJ mkpjhg ; gr ;rd pd ; cr ;r epiyf ;F rthy ; t pl Kbe ;j xNu ebfuhf ;fpa pUf ;fyhk ;. 'mth ; xUtuhy ; kl;LNk ,e ;jp jpiug ;glq ;fs py ; jh N; ke ;jpuht pd ; kr N; rh Mz ; el;rj ;jpuj ; Njhw ;wj ;jpw ;Fk ; mkpjhg ; gr ;rd pd ; ~Nfhgkhd ,isQd ;| Njhw ;wj ;jpw ;Fk ; xU fLikahd Nghl;bia

,e;jpa rpdpkhtpy; fd;dhtpd; gazkhdJ tpy;yj;jkhd kw;Wk; mNfhukhd ebg;G Kjy; eifr;Rit kw;Wk; fhjy; ebg;G tiu gue;j mstpyhd gy;NtW ghj;jpuq;fspy; ebg;igf; fz;Ls;sJ

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tpy;yd; fjhghj;jpuj;jpy; ebf;fj; Jtq;fpa Kjy; Kf;fpa ghypTl; `PNuh fd;dh jhd; nfhLf ;f Kbe ;jJ. fd ;dh jdf N; f ch pa Nghl;ba py ; ,Ue ;jhh ;. fk ;g Pukhd /ngNuh] ; fhdhy ; $l mtUila ghq ;if kw ;Wk ; ghz pia Kw pabf ;f Kbat py ;iy>" vd mkh ; mf ;gh ; me N; jhz p kw ;Wk ; re ;jpz p Nghd ;w gy glq ;fs py ; fd ;dhTld ; Nrh ;e ;J ebj ;j h p\p fG +h ; $Wfpwhh ;. jdJ ebg ;g py ; ep[j ;ij fhz ;g pg ;gjw ;fhf glg ;g pbg ;g pd ; xU ghfkhf ep[ ,uj ;jj ;ij r pe ;jpa ebfh ; mth ; jhd ; vd Nkuh fhTd ; Nkuh Nj\ ;

glj ;jpy ; cld ; ebj ;j jh N; ke ;jpuh $Wfpwhh ;. 'mth ; rz ;ilf ; fhl;r pfs py ; vg N; ghJk ; ^g ; Nghlhky ; jhNd ebg ;ghh ;. Nkuh fhTd ; Nkuh Nj\ ; jpiug ;glf ; fsj ;ijr ; Rw ;w pYk ; xU lhf ;lh ; epue ;jukhf tyk ; te ;jhh ;>" vd ;gij mth ; epidT $Wfpwhh ;. Guhg ; mTh ; ghr pk ; kw ;Wk ; Md ; kpNyh rh[ ;dh Nghd ;w glq ;fs py ; Jiz fjhghj ;jpuq ;fs py ; fz ;zht pd ; mw G; jkhd ebg ;g pw ;F g pwF> mtuJ jpwikiag ; ghh ;j ;j ghlyhr ph paUk ; ,af ;FdUkhd Fy ;]hh ; mtiu NkNu mg N; d (1971) kw ;Wk ; mr ;rhdf ; (1973) glq ;fs py ; Kf ;fpa ghj ;jpukhf ebf ;f itf ;Fk ; NghJ czh ;r ;r p jhf ;fj ;Jld ; Kul;L rf ;jpiaAk ; xd ;WNrh ;f ;f KbntLj ;jhh ;. 'NkNu mg N; d

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rpdpkh

ehd; jPtpukhd glnkLg;gtuhf ,Ue;j NghJ> mth; vd; tho;fi ; fiaj; njhl;lth; Mthh;. vdJ jpwik kPJ mth; itj;j ek;gpf;if jhd; vd;id ,t;tsT J}uk; nfhz;L te;jpUf;fpwJ kNf~ gl; jpiug;gl ,af;Feh;

mth; xU mw;Gjkhd> jhuhskhd kdpjuhf ,Ue;jhh;> NkYk; ehd; mtiu vg;NghJk; Kf;fpakhd> mofhd> md;ghd kw;Wk; ghpthd eguhfNt epidj;Jg; ghh;g;Ngd; rg;dh M];kp ebfh

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NkNy kw;Wk; Kfg;Gg; gf;fk; (,lkpUe;J tyk;): mkph;jru]; nghw; Nfhtpypy; fd;dh kw;Wk; fd;dhtpd; kidtp. xU jpiug;gl ntspaPl;bd; NghJ mh;[d; gh[;th> jh;Nke;jpuh kw;Wk; \hUf; fhd; MfpNahUld; fd;dh. xU epfo;r;rpapy; fd;dh jdJ kidtp kw;Wk; kfd; uhFy; fd;dhTld; ,Uf;fpwhh;

glk ; jhd ; mth ; KO ` P Nuhthf ebj ;j mtuJ Kjy ; glkhFk ;> mij glk ; g pbf ;Fk ; NghJ ehq ;fs ; ey ;y ez ;gh ;fshNdhk ;. gh pl;ir (1972) glj ;jpy ; mth ; [ pj N; je ;jpuht pd ; ez ;gh ; fjhghj ;jpuj ;jpy ; ebj ;jhh ;> vdNt jhd ; ehq ;fs ; xd ;whf ,Uf ;f Kbe ;jJ. mr ;rhdf ; glg ;g pbg ;g pd ; NghJ> ehq ;fs ; ~ik bah ;| vd ;gij RUf ;fp ~vk ;.b| vd xUtiunahUth ; miog N; ghk ;. ,g ;gbj ;jhd ; ehq ;fs ; xUtiunahUth ; njhlh ;e ;J mioj N; jhk ;. t pkhd epiyaq ;fs ; my ;yJ nghJ epfo ;r ;r pfs py ;> ahuhtJ vd ;idg ; g pd ;dhy ; ,Ue ;J ~vk ;.b| vd mioj ;jhy ;> mJ t pNdhj ;jhfj ; jhd ; ,Uf ;Fk ; vd ;gJ vdf ;F njh pAk "; vd Fy ;]hh ; r`hg ; $Wfpwhh ;. me ;j Neuj ;jpy ; ghly ;fs ; vJTkpy ;yhky ; te ;j mh pjhd ghypTl; jpiug ;glkhd mr ;rhdf ; (1973) ehdhtjp nfhiyia Mjhukhff ; nfhz ;L vLf ;fg ;gl;l glkhFk ;> ,jpy ; fd ;dht pd ; jd ;Dila ebg ;g pw ;fhf mtUf ;F ey ;y t pkh ;rdq ;fs ; fpilj ;jJ. xU nfhiyfhu re N; jf eguhf Kjph ;e ;j> r pf ;fyhd ebg ;ig nts pg ;gLj ;jpa mUzht pfh]pd ; \hf ; (1976) Nghd ;w glq ;fs py ; Mgj ;jhd> nts pg ;gilahd ghj ;jpuq ;fs py ; ebf ;f Kaw ;r pj ;jjdhy ;> ,d ;Dk ; mjpfkhd t pkh ;rd h pjpahd ghuhl;L fpilj ;jJ. \hf ; Kjy ; $d ; fp Gf ;fh ; (1978) tiu t pNdhj ;Jld ; ehd ; KO mst py ; ebj N; jd ;> Fw pg ;ghf gh ;thh p\ ; (1977) glj ;jpy ; ur pj ;J

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fd;dhtpd; jpwikiag; ghh;jj ; ghlyhrphpaUk; ,af;FeUkhd Fy;]hh mtiu nkNu mg;Nd (1971) kw;Wk; mr;rhdf; (1973) glq;fspy; Kf;fpa ghj;jpuq;fspy; ebf;f itj;jhh; Ur pj ;J ebj N; jd ;" vd mtUld ; glq ;fs py ; ,ize ;J ebj ;j rg ;dh M] ;kp $Wfpwhh ;. 1971 kw ;Wk ; 1982 Mk ; Mz ;LfSf ;F ,ila py ; Vf ; mTh ; Vf ; [ pahuh> N`uh ngh p> [k Ph ; kw ;Wk ; Kf ;fhjhh ; fh r pf ;fe ;jh ; cl;gl 47 gy ebfh ; jpiug ;glq ;fs py ; fz ;zh ebj ;Js ;shh ;. jpiuf ;Fg ; g pd ;dhy ; kr N; rh cUtj ;jpy ; mth ; eifr ;Rit nra A ; k ; NghJ> mth ; nkd ;ikahfTk ; ghjpf ;fg ;glf ;$ba kd pjuhfTk ; ,Ue ;jhh ; vd k Puh (1979) kw ;Wk ; gj ;jh ; mTh ; ghay ; Nghd ;w glq ;fs py ; fd ;dhTld ; ebj ;j ebif N`kh khypd p $Wfpwhh ;. 'k Puh glj ;jpd ; glg ;g pbg ;g py ; ,Uf ;Fk ; NghJ> t pNdhj ;> Fy ;]hh ; r`hg ; kw ;Wk ; ehd ; %tUk ; mkh ;e ;J Md ;k f P k ; gw ;w p NgRNthk ; vd ;gij ehd ; epidT $WfpNwd ;. mth ; xUKiw vd ;d plk ; nrhd ;dij ehd ; epidT $WfpNwd ;: ~ehd ; k Puht py ; ebf ;f

t pUk G; fpNwd ;> Vndd ;why ; ehd ; mtisg ; Nghy ,Uf ;fpNwd ;" vd ;W mth ; $w pdhh ;. jdJ tho ;t py ; 't pNdhj ; fd ;dh ,Ug ;gjw ;F ed ;w pf ; fld ;gl;bUfpNwd ;" vd yhF fp Njh uq ; (1979) glj ;jpy ; fd ;dhit ,af ;fpa gl; $Wfpwhh ;. 'ehd ; j t P pukhd glnkLg ;gtuhf ,Ue ;j NghJ> mth ; vd ; tho ;f ;ifiaj ; njhl;lth ; Mthh ;. vdJ jpwik k J P mth ; itj ;j ek ;g pf ;if jhd ; vd ;id ,t ;tsT J}uk ; nfhz ;L te ;jpUf ;fpwJ." ,e ;jpa jpiug ;glj ;Jiwa pd ; gy ebfh ;fSf ;F kj ;jpa py ;> fd ;dh vg N; ghJk ; xU g pufhrkhd el;rj ;jpuj ;ij t pl Nkyhdtuhf ,Ug ;ghh ;. rg ;dh M] ;kp ,ij mofhf ,t ;thW t pth pf ;fpwhh ;: 'mth ; xU mw G; jkhd> jhuhskhd kd pjuhf ,Ue ;jhh ;> NkYk ; ehd ; mtiu vg N; ghJk ; Kf ;fpakhd> mofhd> md ;ghd kw ;Wk ; gh pthd eguhfNt epidj ;Jg ; ghh ;g N; gd ;."

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xU Ritahd ,e;jpa

Fsph;fhyk; tl ,e;jpahtpy; rhh;rd; lh rhf; kw;Wk; kf;fp jp nuhl;b Kjy; Nkw;F ,e;jpahtpd; ghq;f; kw;Wk; mjDila midj;J kjq;fspYk; ghpkhwg;gLk; `hyPk; tiu ehL toq;ff;$ba Kf;fpakhd rpy Fsph;fhy gjhh;jj ; q;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd ciu rQ;rPt; fG+h;

,e;jpah jdJ gue;J tphpe;j epyg;gug;G KOtJk; Fsph;fhyj;ij gy;NtW tpjq;fspy; mDgtpj;jhYk;> ,J jl;L epiwa #lhd czit tpUk;Gk; gUtNk jtpu NtW vJTkpy;iy. tlf;F Kjy; fpof;F tiu kw;Wk; fpof;F Kjy; Nkw;F tiu ,e;jpah KOtjpYk; gUtk; KOtJk; cq;fis fjfjg;ghf itj;jpUf;Fk; Ritahd czTfs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. ePq;fs; ghuk;ghpakhd #lhd ,e;jpa czT tiffis fhz;gPh;fs;. vdf;Fg; gpbj;jtw;wpy; rpy:

rhh;rd; lh rhf; kw;Wk; kf;fp jp nuhl;b ,e;j czT gQ;rhgpd; ngUikahFk;. rhh;rd; lh rhq; mjd; kPJ ciwahky; jltg;gl;l ntz;izAld; #lhd jl;by; ghpkhwg;gLtJ kPNj vdJ Foe;ijg; gUt epidTfs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. NkNy nea;Ak; ntz;ikahd KWKWg;ghd Ks;sq;fpAk; itj;J gy;NtW krhyhf;fSld; Gj;Jzh;thd fLF fPiufs; J}tpa kf;fp jp nuhl;b vd;w ,e;j czT RitahdJ kw;Wk; jpUg;jpfukhdjhFk;. ,e;j czT tiffisg; ngWk; NghJ fPiufs; Gj;Jzh;NthL ,Uf;fpd;wd kw;Wk; Urpahf ,Ug;gJ kl;Lkpd;wp Cl;lr;rj;Jkpf;fjhfTk; ,Uf;fpd;wd. nea; rpy fNyhhpfisj; ,e;jpa juprdk; | 84 | mf;Nlhgh; - brk;gh;

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xU Mtp gwf;Fk; fpz;zk; epiwa kf;fp jp nuhl;bAld; Nrh;j;J rhh;rd; jp rhq;f;

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jUfpwJ> Mdhy; xl;Lnkhj;jkhf epiwa eyd;fs; kw;Wk; MNuhf;fpa ed;ikfs; fpilf;Fk; vd cj;juthjk; mspf;fg;gLfpwJ.

ghah #g; ,e;j Ritahd Fsph;fhy fhiy czthdJ Njh;e;njLf;fg;gl;l krhyhf;fs; kw;Wk; nea; Nrh;j;J Ml;Lf; fhy;fspy; jahhpf;fg;gLfpwJ> ,iwr;rpapypUe;J nfhOg;G KOtJkhf fiue;J ghah #g;Gf;fhd mUikahd kzk; tUk; tiu nfhjpf;f itf;fg;gLfpwJ. nra;KiwahdJ gpuNjrj;jpw;F gpuNjrk; khWtjdhy;> ,e;j vYk;Gr; rhwpd; ika Rit kw;Wk; #lhdJ cah;jukhd ,e;jpa Fsph;fhy Ritia midj;J ,lq;fSf;Fk; vLj;Jr; nry;fpwJ. xU ghuk;ghpa ghah #g;gpy; fhy;rpak;> itl;lkpd;fs; kw;Wk; jhJf;fs; cs;sd> NkYk; ,J ,aw;ifahf clYf;F #l;ilf; nfhLf;fpwJ. rpwe;j ghah #g;fs; ehL KOtJk; FWfpa czT tPjpfspy; mjpfhiyapy; toq;fg;gLfpd;wd.

ghq;f; F[uhj;jpd; Fsph;fhy rpwg;G vd;dntdpy;

ghuk;ghpa i`juhghj; `yPk; vd;gJ eWf;fg;gl;l ,iwr;rp nghJthf Ml;Lf;fwp> cilj;j NfhJik> gUg;Gfs;> Njh;e;njLf;fg;gl;l krhyhf;fs; kw;Wk; mjpfstpy; nea; Mfpait Nrh;e;j xU Ritahd fyitahFk;

gaph; mWtilf;F jahuhtjw;F Kd;Ng jz;LfspypUe;J gphpj;njLf;fg;gl;l ,sk; N[hthh; nrhh;fhk; jhdpaq;fisj; jtpu NtW vJTkpy;iy. jz;Lfs; fhp kPJ thl;lg;gl;L jhdpaq;fspd; nkd;ikahd ciw cjpUk; tiu mbf;fg;gLfpd;wd. Gj;Jzh;NthL ngUk;ghYk; kpsF> G+z;L my;yJ vYkpr;irAld; Nrh;j;J rhg;gpLk; NghJ> ,e;j nkd;ikahd gOg;G epw gUg;Gfs; mtw;wpd; El;gkhd ,dpg;G RitAld; cq;fs; gw;fSf;F ,ilapy; ntbf;fpd;wd. xU

tyJ: `yPk; Kfg;Gg; gf;fk; (NkypUe;J fPo;): ghq;f;. ghah #g;

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cl;nghUshf ghq;fpy; epiwa #L cs;sJ kw;Wk; cq;fs; clypy; cs;s mjd; ntg;g tpisTfis jLf;f xU lk;sh; Nkhh; cld; ghpkhwg;gLfpwJ!

Nehyd; Fh;; ,dpg;ghd> gOg;G epw kw;Wk; jput jq;fkhFk;> ,J nfhy;fj;jhtpd; Nehyd; Fh; my;yJ Nghpr;r ku nty;yj;ij gpujpgypf;fpwJ. ,J xU Gjpa czT Nghy; ,y;yhky; ,Uf;fyhk;> Mdhy; gy tUlq;fshf ngq;fhyp ,dpg;G jahhpg;ghsh;fs; ,ij ,e;jpahtpy; jahhpj;J tUfpd;wdh;. Nrd;b\;> urFy;yh kw;Wk; gpw

ngq;fhyp ,dpg;Gfs; Nrh;f;fg;gl;l my;yJ I]; fphpk; J}tg;gl;l Nehyd; Fh; MdJ gy ngq;fhyp czTg; gphpah;fspd; ngUikf;Fhpa tp\akhFk;. ,ij jahhpf;Fk; Kiw fbdkhd xd;whFk;> ,J Fsph;fhyj;jpy; kl;LNk jahhpf;fg;gLfpwJ. gUt fhy Jtf;fj;jpy;> gjdPh; Nrfhpg;gjw;fhf Rj;jkhd kz; ghidfs; Nghpr;r kuq;fspy; fl;lg;gLfpd;wd> mjd;gpd; Nehyd; Fh; jahhpf;f mit cNyhfg; ghdq;fspy; nfhjpf;f itf;fg;gLfpd;wd. MdhYk; ,e;ehl;fspy; ,e;j Ritahd Fsph;fhy czthdJ tUlk; KOtJk; ghl;by;fs; kw;Wk; Foha;fspy; rpukkpd;wp fpilf;fpd;wd!

`yPk;

,dpg;ghd> gOg;G epw kw;Wk; jput jq;fkhFk;> ,J nfhy;fj;jhtpd; Nehyd; Fh; my;yJ Nghpr;r ku nty;yj;ij gpujpgypf;fpwJ

,e;j ghid czthdJ xU Fspuhd ehspy; ghpkhWtjw;F rpwe;j #lhd kw;Wk; nkd;ikahd czthFk;. ghuk;ghpa i`juhghj; `yPk; vd;gJ eWf;fg;gl;l ,iwr;rp nghJthf Ml;Lf;fwp> cilj;j

Nehyd; Fh; vd;gJ ngUk;ghYk; ngq;fhyp ,dpg;ghd Nrd;l;b\; jahhpf;f gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ

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,lJ: xU Nfhe;J yl;L cUz;il fPNo: ,e;jpahtpy; Fsph;fhyj;jpy; rpwe;j RitAila gy;NtW tifahd kpl;lha;fs; my;yJ ,dpg;Gfs; fpilf;fpd;wd

NfhJik> gUg;Gfs;> Njh;e;njLf;fg;gl;l krhyhf;fs; kw;Wk; mjpfstpy; nea; Mfpait Nrh;e;j xU Ritahd fyitahFk;. xU kwf;f Kbahj Ritia cUthf;f cl;nghUl;fspd; Ritfs; midj;Jk; xd;whf tUk; tiu ,e;j fyitahdJ nkJthf rikf;fg;gLfpwJ. tWj;j ntq;fhak; kw;Wk; vYkpr;ir Jz;Lfshy; myq;fhpf;fg;gl;l> `yPk; #lhf ghpkhwg;gLfpwJ.

kpl;lha; Nk[pf; Fsph;fhyj;jpy; ehd; nly;ypapy; ,Uf;Fk; NghJ> Fwpg;ghf vg;NghJk; ,e;j ,dpg;G filf;Fr; nry;Ntd;> ,q;F gUtfhy ,dpg;ghd nghpa tpij rhh;e;j kw;Wk; krhyh fye;j ghyhd rpwe;j Njhjh fpilf;Fk;. ,J rhf;Nyl; Nghd;w Njhw;wKilajhFk; kw;Wk; ritj;J rhg;gplf;$bajhfTk; UrpahdjhTk; ,Uf;fpwJ. gpd;dp vd;gJ nly;yp kw;Wk; gQ;rhgpy; ,Ue;J ntF J}uk; gazpf;Fk; kw;wnwhU Fsph;fhy kpl;lha; MFk;. ,JTk; Fsph; khjq;fspy; kpfTk; #lhd gprpd; kw;Wk; nfhl;ilfs; Nrh;e;j xU tYthd gUg;G rhh;e;j ,dpg;ghFk;. Nfhe;J my;yJ rhg;gplf;$ba gir Nrh;e;j fpwp];ly; yl;Lfs; vYk;GfSf;F kpfTk; ey;yJ vd;gjdhy; ,it kfhuh\;buhtpy; gpugykhd Fsph;fhy czTfshf ,Uf;fpd;wd. ed;F tWf;fg;gl;l rhg;gplf;$ba gir fpwp];ly;fs; vd;git tWj;j NfhJik khT> J}s; rh;f;fiu kw;Wk; Vyf;fha;g; nghb Nrh;j;J Fsph;tpf;fg;gl;L yl;Lfshf gpbf;fg;gLgitfshFk;! mf;Nlhgh; - brk;gh;

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GJik

rhjid kdJfs; ,thq;fh buk;g; fye;J nfhz;l Ijuhghj;jpy; eilngw;w rh;tNjr njhopy; KidNthh; cr;rp khehL 2017 ,y; ,e;jpah KOtJKs;s fz;Lgpbg;ghsh;fSf;F Mjutspg;gjhfTk; mth;fSila Kaw;rpfis ,e;jpa muR Cf;fg;gLj;JtjhfTk; cWjpaspf;fg;gl;lJ

cs ;fl;likg G; > Rfhjhu guhkh pg G; > thfdq ;fs ; my ;yJ NtW ve ;j Jiwa pYk ; fhzg ;gLk ; Gjpa fUj ;Jf ;fs ; kw ;Wk ; fz ;Lg pbg G; fis Mjh pg ;gjw ;F ,e ;jpa muR vg N; ghJk ; cWjpG +z ;bUf ;fpwJ. i`juhghj ;> njYq ;fhdht py ; rk Pgj ;jpy ; eilngw ;w rh ;tNjr njhopy ; KidNthh ; cr ;r p khehL 2017 ,y ; gy Gjpa fUj ;Jf ;fs ; mw pthh ;e ;j ,e ;jpa kdjpy ; ,Ue ;J nts pg ;gl;ld. ey ;y fhuzj ;jpw ;fhf ftdj ;ij <h ;j ;j %d ;W fhh paq ;fs ; ,q ;F nfhLf ;fg ;gl;Ls ;sd.

nlf ;d r P padhd> mNjh ; vdh ;[ pa pd ; ,iz epWtduhd jUz ; Nkj ;jh cUthf ;fpa ,e ;jpaht pd ; Kjy ; kpd ;rhu ] ;khh ;l; ] ;$l;lh ; MdJ 2018 Mk ; Mz ;bd ; kj ;jpa py ; re ;ijf ;F tUk ;. ,J xU ypj ;jpak ; mad ; Ngl;lh p Ngf ; tbtikg G; %yk ; ,af ;fg ;gLfpwJ> ,jpy ;

mk ;GNghl; GNditr ; Nrh ;e ;j Kd ;dhs ; ,e ;jpa t pkhdg ;gil kUj ;Jt mjpfhh p cUthf ;fpa mk G; Nghl; vd ;gJ xU #h pa Mw ;wy ;kpf ;f %d ;W rf ;fu kpfr ; r pw pa Mk G; yd ;] ; MFk ;. ,e ;j Fiwe ;j t piy thfdkhdJ mbg ;gilahd r pf ;fyhd guhkh pg ;g pw ;fhd trjpiaf ; nfhz ;Ls ;sJ kw ;Wk ; xU Neuj ;jpy ; xU Nehahs pia itf ;fyhk ;. mtru g purtk ; vd py ;> Fw pg ;ghf kf ;fs ; neUf ;fbahd rhiyfs py ; nry ;ytjw ;F e Ph G; fhj xU $lhu mikg G; trjpAs ;s mk G; Nghil xU fhh ; my ;yJ Nkhl;lhh ; irf ;fpSld ; ,izf ;fyhk ;.

,e;jpahtpd; tsh;rr ; pf; fijapy; gq;fhsuhf cq;fs; xt;nthUtiuAk; miof;fpNwd; kw;Wk; kdg;G+h;tkhd MjuTf;F cWjpaspf;fpNwd; eNue;jpu Nkhb ,e;jpa gpujkh;

] ;khh ;l; ] ;$l;lh ; ngq ;fSUitr ; Nrh ;e ;j ,e;jpa juprdk; | 90 | mf;Nlhgh; - brk;gh;

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xU lr ;] ;fph pd ; Nl\ N; ghh ;L> cs ;sikf ;fg ;gl;l [ p.g p.v] ; kw ;Wk ; 72 fpk /P kz p vd ;w mjpfgl;r Ntfj ;ijf ; nfhz ;Ls ;sJ.

vjuhy ; `hNyh ngq ;fSUitr ; Nrh ;e ;j kpd ;fhe ;j ,ae ;jpuq ;fs ; %yk ; cUthf ;fg ;gl;L tbtikf ;fg ;gl;l ,e ;j rhjdk ; cyfpd ; Kjy ; Efh N; thh ; rhh ;e ;j 5-mr ;R 3b g ph pz ;lh ; kw ;Wk ; 5-mr ;R r p.vd ;.r p uTl;lh ; MFk ;. vs pa thh ;j ;ijfs py ; $Wtjhdhy ;> ,J g ph pz ;lh ; n`l; efUtjw ;F ,izahf Ie ;J jd p mr ;Rf ;fisf ; nfhz ;bUf ;fpwJ> ,J ruhrh pahd 3b g ph pz ;lh py ; cs ;sij t pl mjpf r pf ;fyhd g ph pz ;bq ; fl;likg G; fis mDkjpf ;fpwJ> mNjNeuj ;jpy ; tYthd fl;likg ;igAk ; nray ;gLj ;JfpwJ. t piuthd Kd ;khjph p kw ;Wk ; cw ;gj ;jp jpwd ;fis xU gadUf ;F nfhLf ;Fk ; jpwDs ;s ,e ;j kypTthd El;gkhdJ xU Nkk ;gl;l ehr py ; tbtj ;Jld ; tUfpwJ> ,J ciwitj ; jLf ;fpwJ kw ;Wk ; nkd ;ikahd gbit cWjpg ;gLj ;JfpwJ. gy nghUs ; MjuT> gy fUt p MjuT kw ;Wk ; Nfypg pNul; nra ;ag ;gl;l ghy ; ] ;F&f ;fs ; kw ;Wk ; iyd pah ; ifL fk ;g pfs ; %yk ; ngwg ;gl;l xU cah ; Jy ;ypa ,af ;f El;gk ; Mfpait g pw mk ;rq ;fshFk ;.

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