ANTHROPOLOGY OF RELIGION VIRTUAL CONFERENCE PHOTOS BY NATALIE DOWNE, LLYN SMITH, HOWARD G. CHARING, MARC VERAART, RAPHAEL FAUVEAU, AJMER DARGAH, ALEKSANDER DRAGNES, RUSTY STEWART, MCKAY SAVAGE, AND SEIER+SEIER
A Word from the Conference Chair Congratulations on being participants at the annual Anthropology of Religion virtual conference. Thank you for your many wonderful presentations and for providing all of us the opportunity to learn a little about your fascinating work on a vast range of religious beliefs and practices and the complicated ways that religious ideas shape our varied realities.. As scholars in an Anthropology of Religion course (a GE course with majors from all disciplines) we have been able to undertake individual research, explore our interests and grapple with the issues involved in ethnographic representation. Each scholar has been forced to confront how to present a critical glimpse of an aspect of a religious belief system, embedded in a particular culture, and raise questions about the relationship between the two. Please enjoy this opportunity for intellectual engagement and thoughtful reflection on the cultures and religions here represented in the work of your colleagues.
Comments from Conference Technical Support Welcome to this virtual conference for Anthropology of Religion! Have fun “strolling the halls” and “dropping in” on the many interesting presentations for our virtual conference. I hope you’ll enjoy this novel approach to learning and take pride in what you helped to create! --Joan Van Duzer
TABLE OF CONTENTS ANTHROPOLOGY OF RELIGION.................................................................................................................................. 1 VIRTUAL CONFERENCE.............................................................................................................................................. 1 A Word from the Conference Chair.............................................................................................................................. 2 Comments from Conference Technical Support..........................................................................................................2 AFRICAN ROOTS........................................................................................................................................................... 5 Rasatafarianism: From Solomon to Slums to Social Action.......................................................................................5 Rasatafari: An Interpretation...................................................................................................................................... 5 EARLY EUROPE AND EGYPT....................................................................................................................................... 5 Mummies, Gods, and the Underworld........................................................................................................................5 Did the Romans STeal the Greeks’ Religion?.............................................................................................................6 The Evolution of Christmas......................................................................................................................................... 6 The Myths and Legends of the Norse Pt.1..................................................................................................................6 The Myths and Legends of the Norse Pt.2..................................................................................................................6 Many to the One: The Shift From Norse Religions to Christianity...............................................................................6 ASIAN.............................................................................................................................................................................. 6 Taoism: THe Natural History and What this Religion Means Today...........................................................................7 Taoist Religion........................................................................................................................................................... 7 Structural Analysis of Shinto Festivals in Japan.........................................................................................................7 Is China an Irreligious Nation? Secularism and Syncretismin China, Past and Present............................................7 BUDDHISM..................................................................................................................................................................... 7 Symbols in Buddhism................................................................................................................................................. 8 Aspects of Identity: An Examination of Influences on Mosuo Culture.........................................................................8 The Buddhist Path...................................................................................................................................................... 8 The Path to Mahayana Buddhism in China.................................................................................................................8 PAGANISM & WICCA..................................................................................................................................................... 9 Modern Influences on Contemporary Wiccans and Wicca Practice...........................................................................9 An it harm none, do what ye will.................................................................................................................................. 9 How Did Witchcraft and the Devil Become Considered So-called ‘Evil’?...................................................................9 Wicca: A Durkheimian Religion.................................................................................................................................... 9 HINDUISM..................................................................................................................................................................... 10 The Rituals of Manhood and Adulthood in Hinduism................................................................................................10 Jainism and the Shramana System..........................................................................................................................10 Learning, Growing, and Living Through the Bhagavad Gita.....................................................................................10 The Impact of Symbolism.......................................................................................................................................... 11 ISLAM............................................................................................................................................................................ 11 Sikhism: A Religion Rooted in Rejecting Religion.....................................................................................................11 JUDAISM....................................................................................................................................................................... 12 The Role of God in Shaping Jewish Culture.............................................................................................................12 Judaism: History and a Contemporary Issue............................................................................................................12 NORTH AMERICAN...................................................................................................................................................... 12 From Religious to Economic Importance: The Significance of Hopi Kachina Dolls..................................................12 Scientology’s Eight Dynamics and Dianetics............................................................................................................13 Patriarchy and the Wicked Witch.............................................................................................................................. 13 Popularization of Rastafarianism in America............................................................................................................13 Respectable Change................................................................................................................................................. 13 OTHER SOUTH ASIAN & MIDDLE EASTERN............................................................................................................14 Oppression, Influence, and Legend: An Examination of the Complexities of the Yazidi People and History in War Torn Iraq.................................................................................................................................................................... 14 SOUTH AMERICAN...................................................................................................................................................... 14 The Use of Ayahuasca in Religion and Medicine.....................................................................................................14 Curanderismo in the Americas.................................................................................................................................. 15
A Web of Religion: An Overview of the Syncretic Elements of the CandomblÊ Religion and the Relationship to the Community................................................................................................................................................................. 15 Mayan Religion and THeir gods................................................................................................................................. 15 Santisima Muerta...................................................................................................................................................... 15 OTHER.......................................................................................................................................................................... 16 The History of Haitian Voudou.................................................................................................................................. 16 Hmong Riruals and Practices................................................................................................................................... 16 Christian Dreamers................................................................................................................................................... 16 Voudou Religion and Attached Distorted Perceptions..............................................................................................16 Religious Symbolism in Fairytales, Folktales, and Myths.........................................................................................17 Understanding the Role of Symbolic Boundaries in Traveller-Gypsies Lives...........................................................17 It’s a Tapu Subject.................................................................................................................................................... 17 Politics and Agriculture in the Past........................................................................................................................... 17
AFRICAN ROOTS
presentation aims to analyze this relationship as well as the methods and rituals utilized by the Rastafari in order to resist losing their identities and being consumed by their colonial rulers.
EARLY EUROPE AND EGYPT
Photo by Timothy Tolle
RASATAFARIANISM: FROM SOLOMON TO SLUMS TO SOCIAL ACTION Sarah Jaglan ABSTRACT This presentation seeks to illuminate the religious movement of Rastafarianism, and specifically the journey it has taken over its evolution since the early 1900's. The main focus will be on the ideological and societal influences that perpetuated this belief system into the socio-political actions echoed throughout Jamaica and the greater Caribbean. This topic is interesting and significant because it shows how the effects of colonial Europeans and the slave trades further developed into the actions of black activists and ignited Rastafarianism into a form of political action.
RASATAFARI: AN INTERPRETATION Victor Carrillo ABSTRACT
his presentation is an examination of the Rastafari movement that developed in Jamaica starting in the 1930's. The research is focused on the historical events that led to a response by a small group of individuals on the outskirts of Kingston, Jamaica, a city that has been know for being extremely impoverished and oppressed. Rastafari is considered a movement against the oppression of colonial rule and cultural imperialism. This
MUMMIES, GODS, AND THE UNDERWORLD Aidan Branney ABSTRACT This research presentation examines the ancient Egyptian religion and its rituals and beliefs associated with the dead and the afterlife. The ancient Egyptians had a unique concept of the soul and this played a great deal in their rituals. When preparing the dead for the underworld, preservation was the greatest theme because the soul would have to take a perilous journey to reach the afterlife. This refers to the creation of mummies so that the soul would have a vessel for the journey. By studying how cultures choose to interact with the concept of death, it sheds light on how humans cope with mortality and the aspirations humans make in this lifetime for the hopes of rewards in the next.
DID THE ROMANS STEAL THE GREEKS’ RELIGION? Melissa Whitfield ABSTRACT This presentation looks at the differences and similarities of Roman and Greek mythology. The Romans beliefs came after the Greeks and used a fair portion of their beliefs for their own, but also had major differences in some aspects. This is an interesting topic for me to research because many children (myself included) grew up learning Greek mythology and watching movies about it. But nobody ever really mentions the Romans and their beliefs or how they came to be. This presentation will help others to see the ties between these two cultures that thrived 1000 years apart from each other.
THE EVOLUTION OF CHRISTMAS KayCie Voigt ABSTRACT
that the Norse believed in such as Odin, Freya and Thor. The presentation will go over each of these and provide information so that the readers may gain a better understanding of the Norse religion.
MANY TO THE ONE: THE SHIFT FROM NORSE RELIGIONS TO CHRISTIANITY Sydnee Stanton ABSTRACT Considered a Folk Religion, the early practitioners of the early Norse Religions did not leave much written work behind, and what we do know is limited. We do however see a clear shift at the introduction to Christianity, even if it wasn’t as confrontational as it is often made out to be. Viewed as a pagan religion, Norse Mythology is focused around the belief in many gods, each of which was associated with a specific aspect of life or death. In contrast is Christianity with one single God, viewed as the all powerful. These beliefs conflicted and combined in ways that we can still see evidence of today, particularly in certain holidays. By looking at the interactions between the two belief systems, we see some of what each holds as important.
This presentation examines the various cultural traditions that are a part of the modern holiday of Christmas, and how these traditions have been incorporated by the Christian religion to for the Christmas holiday we celebrate today. Many of the traditions that are considered to represent some Christian aspect of the Christmas holiday in fact come from pagan traditions like the Norse celebration of Yule. The early Christian church, in an attempt to reach a wider part of the population, adopted a number of pagan holidays and celebrations, especially in the Roman Empire. This is an important topic because it examines how one religion incorporated aspects of other religions that it came into contact with
THE MYTHS AND LEGENDS OF THE NORSE PT. 1 THE MYTHS AND LEGENDS OF THE NORSE PT. 2 Steven Howard ABSTRACT My presentation shall examine the myths and legends of the Norse religion. The primary focus of the presentation will be on Yggdrasil, the tree of life, which holds the nine realms together, the nine realms themselves and the Gods
ASIAN
practices of the Taoist religion. Taoism is known for its promotion of achieving harmony or union with nature. To back this up, the yin and yang has proven the harmony and balance of life. As part of other practices, I also want to emphasize the connection between the yin and yang and the 5 phases (wusing) used in practices such as fengshui. Not only that, Taoist perform specific rites and practices that are important such as the funeral rites or periodic rites on behalf of ancestors and the rites on behalf of local communities. Although there might a lot of topics to mention, I really want to address this on my presentation.
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF SHINTO FESTIVALS IN JAPAN Jozey Saindon ABSTRACT A key element of the Shinto religion of Japan is the various festivals throughout the year. These festivals are important events of worship and provide a connection between people that may otherwise be absent in daily life. This presentation takes a critical look at the order of events before, during and after the main spectacle as well as the reasons for different elements. From these festivals we can learn about the importance of disconnecting from the usual routine to be a part of something that brings joys to many people and in turn bring joy to the individual. Photo by Topinambour
TAOISM: THE NATURAL HISTORY AND WHAT THIS RELIGION MEANS TODAY Andrea Widjaja ABSTRACT Taoism is a 2,000 year old Chinese originated religion that is also looked at as a philosophical tradition. This philosophical view represents unity and opposites that all revolve around balance, specifically, Yin and Yang. Yin and Yang view the world with contemporary forces, that is, hot and cold, light and dark, feng shui, the balance in nature, etc. Taoism is about the Way, or the Tao, which has no definite meaning except that it involves the creative principles of the universe. This presentation will go over the natural history of Taoism over the past 2,000 years and what it represents in today’s society.
IS CHINA AN IRRELIGIOUS NATION? SECULARISM AND SYNCRETISMIN CHINA, PAST AND PRESENT Kahlil Vaughan ABSTRACT China has long been considered one of the most secular nations, with many of its citizens reporting no religious affiliation. In actuality, the beliefs of many in China are a complex mixture of varying philosophies, folk religious beliefs, and syncretic elements of many religious belief systems. This dual set of values, a high degree of emphasis on the secular and a syncretic mix of systems, has persisted for quite some time. Here I briefly outline the current and historical patterns of these two trends. .
TAOIST RELIGION Jamie Esplanada ABSTRACT My presentation topic is Taoism. In the presentation, I am going to focus on the belief system, rite/worship, and the
BUDDHISM
religion, and political regime involved in the cultivation of unique social characteristics present in the culture. The family organization and social structure of Mosuo that result from the long history of cultural progression and interactions between these different aspects have led to Mosuo identification as a 'sexually exotic' matrilineal society of interest. By exploring the connections between aspects of Mosuo, we can understand their importance to the continued progression of the cultures identity.
THE BUDDHIST PATH Stephanie Arlen
Photo by Aleksander Dragnes
SYMBOLS IN BUDDHISM Leslie Dethero ABSTRACT THIS PRESENTATION EXAMINES THE BUDDHIST RELIGION WITH A FOCUS ON IMPORTANT SYMBOLS IN THE BUDDHIST CULTURE. ONE OF THE MOST POPULAR SYMBOLS IS THE WHEEL OF DHARMA, WHICH REPRESENTS REBIRTH. THE WHEEL OF DHARMA SYMBOLIZES MUCH MORE, WHICH I WILL EXPLAIN IN MY PRESENTATION. THERE ARE A FEW OTHER SYMBOLS THAT ARE IMPORTANT IN THE BUDDHIST CULTURE SUCH AS THE RIGHT COILED WHITE CONCH AND THE GOLDEN FISH THAT SYMBOLIZE POSITIVE THINGS SUCH AS THE WELLBEING OF ONESELF AND LIVING IN A WORLD WITHOUT FEAR. ALONG WITH THE REGULAR SYMBOLS IN BUDDHISM, THERE ARE ALSO SYMBOLS THAT REPRESENT EVIL. THE SYMBOL OF MARA, WHICH REPRESENTS THE DEVIL IN THE BUDDHIST RELIGION, IS THE MOST POPULAR EVIL SYMBOL.
ASPECTS OF IDENTITY: AN EXAMINATION OF INFLUENCES ON MOSUO CULTURE Makalani Norman ABSTRACT This presentation examines certain aspects of Mosuo culture and their connection to Mosuo cultural identity. More specifically, the relationships between geography,
ABSTRACT Through examining the religion of Buddhism exist many abstract universal concepts, so to speak, that interact and influence our everyday lives as human beings whether we have the awareness to acknowledge their presence and influence or not. One of these concepts is the concept of attachment, which is the bond that is created between materials, objects, people, relationships, etc. Anything that sparks pleasure and reward within an individual sparks an attachment. And it is through attachment that we as humans experience suffering, as we bind ourselves to people, materials, and objects. In today’s world, our attachment is rapidly growing in regards to lifestyle and technology. The influence and effects are becoming obvious and disheartening in how we interact with other and the amount of suffering we incur. Learning and understanding attachment can greatly influence our perception and awareness in everyday life, and subsequently alter our quality of life as our attention shifts to what is truly of value and eliminate unnecessary suffering.
THE PATH TO MAHAYANA BUDDHISM IN CHINA Aaron Galvan ABSTRACT In this presentation we will be exploring on the religious philosophy of Buddhism within the context of Chinese culture. In order to acquire a broad understanding of Buddhism and its integration to Chinese religion, we need to take a step back into the historical events that made this relation possible. We will focus on Mahayana Buddhism which is a religious branch that has manages to influence China in general, and study the main concepts behind both this philosophy and religion. Finally, we will look at how Buddhism has change Chinese perception of religion and how Buddhism has been changed by China.
PAGANISM & WICCA
have been viewed as positive within the Wicca community, others have viewed them as negatively impacting their religion.
AN IT HARM NONE, DO WHAT YE WILL Brianna Mann ABSTRACT The aim of this presentation is to explore a Pagan faith known as Wicca, or Witchcraft, from it's European origins to it's widespread variations in present day. Using Durkheim's criteria for religion as well as other anthropological concepts that we have learned in this class to recognize or define religion, this presentation will analyze the ways that this faith meets that criteria. Over the course of this analysis, I will also endeavor to represent cultural perceptions and misconceptions concerning Wicca, and speculate how these cultural perceptions have shaped the history of Wicca. In many ways, the persecution and shaming of Witchcraft has reinfoced the solidarity of the group and their status as misunderstood, peaceful pagans.
HOW DID WITCHCRAFT AND THE DEVIL BECOME CONSIDERED SO-CALLED ‘EVIL’? Photo by MarcelGermain
Stepanie Swinger
MODERN INFLUENCES ON CONTEMPORARY WICCANS AND WICCA PRACTICE
ABSTRACT This presentation examines the historical events that led to the belief that "witchcraft" and the "Devil" are evil and/or wrong. The Pagan religion was once considered the most common religion in Europe, it focused worship and love for nature and the environment. There are phases in history that borrow from the Pagan religion and eventually become the newer Christian religion. Along with taking from Paganism and other mythological stories, Christianity creates the "Devil" and soon claims that those that worship him are evil. Unfortunately, those that were believers in "Pan" (which was then turned into the Devil through Christian faith) were those Pagans that refused to convert. I explore the truth, that following or belief in the Devil is actually not evil and neither is so-called witchcraft.
Emma Goodacre ABSTRACT This presentation examines Wicca practices as applied to the contemporary community of participants, particularly among young women (and men). Specifically, it studies how modern influences in popular culture/ mass media (including magazines, books, blogs/ websites, television series’ and movies) have affected the religion today in terms of it’s demographic and reputation. Additionally, it examines how the increasing role of Wicca in the media has been accompanied by a growing amount of commodities tied to Wicca practice and the greater Neopagan movement. Though some of these influences
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WICCA: A DURKHEIMIAN RELIGION
Samantha del Campo ABSTRACT This presentation examines the religion of Wicca, especially in the context of the practice of magic as a defining characteristic of the religion. This is an interesting topic, because famed religious scholar Emile Durkheim argued, in his text, The Elementary Forms of Religious Life, that magic is not a religion. His assertion is based upon his postulate that there is no religion without a Church, and “There is no Church of magic” (45). Throughout history we have persecuted those who practice magic, leading to the early suppression of any such Church of magic. However, as more societies lean towards acceptance and inclusion, Churches of magic begin to emerge. The aim of this presentation is to accurately classify modern Wicca as a “Durkheimian” religion.
ABSTRACT This presentation will examine rituals and interactions in Hinduism, and more specifically the rites and ceremonies involved. The main sacrament in Hinduism for young Brahmin boys is the Upanayanam which usually takes place around 7 years of age but can be older depending on the circumstances. This ritual still has some class implications as only Brahmins, Kshatriyas, and Vaishyas can undergo the process although recently shudras can take part in this custom.
JAINISM AND THE SHRAMANA SYSTEM Brianna King ABSTRACT
HINDUISM
In my presentation we'll be looking at the overall difference between Hinduism (under the Brahmana System), Buddhism, and Jainism (both under the Shramana System). Paying most attention to Jainism simply because of the world's lack of knowledge about this religion, we will be focusing on their scriptures, methods of liberation, and their drive to lead a life free from violent thoughts and actions. I'll also be providing information on their origin story, as each religion has a different one and I find these to be one of the most interesting aspects of belief systems. I'll be looking at their perception of Karma and comparing it to Buddhism and Hinduism's perceptions, as well as looking at our Western perception of it. By focusing on one of the lesser known Eastern religions I hope to bring light to its' existence and hope to help people understand the differences between religions that are commonly confused with each other. These religions typically steer away from violence, and I find that especially comforting where in other religions, violent acts are encouraged and rewarded.
LEARNING, GROWING, AND LIVING THROUGH THE BHAGAVAD GITA Marisa Finlayson ABSTRACT Photo by Graham Hills
THE RITUALS OF MANHOOD AND ADULTHOOD IN HINDUISM Anand Ramachandran
This presentation titled "Learning, Growing, and Living through the Bhagavad Gita" examines the background, and religious practices of Hinduism. Specifically, how the Bhagavad Gita can be viewed as a sacred text within Hinduism, and how it can be used as a guide to practicing the religion. The Bhagavad Gita deals
with the most sacred metaphysical science. It holds the knowledge of the ‘self’ and answers the universal questions: “Who am I”, and “How can I lead a happy and peaceful life in this world.” This is an interesting topic, because many of the practices of Hinduism (specifically yoga) are used around the world to better the ‘self,’ and the ‘mind.’ By looking at the Bhagavad Gita through the religion of Hinduism, we can learn why this religion’s practices are used around the world.
ISLAM
THE IMPACT OF SYMBOLISM Merritt Schoenhofer ABSTRACT This particular presentation examines and portrays the Hindu religion as a whole, and more precisely their belief systems and use of symbols. Symbolism within the Hindu culture has a large impact on their belief system, and in a sense is responsible for what they do and do not believe in. Since the Hindu have many different significant symbols in their religion, there will be a more defined focus on a handful. A few of these include: the bow and arrow, banner, bolt of lightening, conch shell, drums, food, etc. By exploring these different symbols of Hinduism, we will be able to understand the significance they have in creating the belief system that the Hindu people live by.
Photo by seier+seier
SIKHISM: A RELIGION ROOTED IN REJECTING RELIGION Darren Nuzzo ABSTRACT My presentation will focus on the Sikh Religion and their “non-religious” connection with God. In this presentation, I will explain how the Sikh’s believe a more harmonious existence begins with individual achievements of bliss, liberation, and service. I will explore how and why the Sikh’s do not dwell on the trivialities of tradition and how rejecting the norm is at the heart of their identity. By the end of my presentation I will have shown how the Sikh’s have dethatched themselves from religion to find personal peace, which may be the cure to the modern problems of the collective.
JUDAISM
My project is going to explore the history of Judaism and I will also have a specific focus on a contemporary issue. I am going to have a specific focus on the ritual of circumcision and I will also research how and why circumcision has spread so far beyond just Jewish communities. I find this topic to be exciting because it deals with a contemporary issue and it is a topic that I had known very little on. By researching the roots of this tradition, we can understand why we do what we do now.
NORTH AMERICAN
Photo by Amanda Anderson
THE ROLE OF GOD IN SHAPING JEWISH CULTURE Anthony Benelisha ABSTRACT This presentation inspects the role of God in Judaism and in more detail examines the influences of the ambiguity of the different perspectives of the disposition of YHWH. Judaism is an ancient monotheistic religion, one of the oldest in the world. There are modern and traditional interpretations of YHWH’s disposition, varying from an ideal to a more personable being. This ambiguity throughout the larger Jewish religion has a role in shaping their culture. Being such an old religion these differences have had time to develop and to alter the course of the religion itself.
JUDAISM: HISTORY AND A CONTEMPORARY ISSUE Connor Mount ABSTRACT
Photo by Drew Zanki
FROM RELIGIOUS TO ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE: THE SIGNIFICANCE OF HOPI KACHINA DOLLS Christa Anhold ABSTRACT
The presentation looks at the historic significance of Kachina dolls in the Hopi culture, in comparison to the modern day value of Kachina dolls. Known as tihu to the Hopi people, Kachina dolls are wood effigies of Kachina's. Kachina dolls are said to contain a portion of a Kachina spirit’s power. Contrary to their name Kachina dolls are not toys but rather valued possessions, hung from beams and walls of Hopi dwellings. Today Kachina dolls can be found in homes across the United States and have drastically changed since switching from a religious to an economic value.
SCIENTOLOGY’S EIGHT DYNAMICS AND DIANETICS Ericka Arellano ABSTRACT This is a presentation on the religion of Scientology founded by L. Ron Hubbard. Scientology allows its followers to maximize their spiritual enlightenment as well as spiritual freedom. There will be two main focuses of this presentation. The first is the concept of Dianetics, a methodology that supposedly helps get rid of unwanted emotions like fear, stress, and anxiety through a process called "auditing." The second focus is The Eight Dynamics in Scientology. The Eight Dynamics are several different “urges, drives or impulses" toward survival that are categorized into eight divisions so that each aspect of life can be more easily examined and understood.
PATRIARCHY AND THE WICKED WITCH Sophie Zinda ABSTRACT In my project I aim to look at how Witch is represented in our culture and how this reveals our values as a patriarchal society. The image of witch has evolved over time but still shows the clear distinction between the "good" woman and the "bad" woman. When "wicked" witches and "good" witches are compared side by side it shows that although our society has made huge strides in fighting sexism, feminine persons are still demonized for stepping outside the role assigned to them.
POPULARIZATION OF RASTAFARIANISM IN AMERICA Steve Bustamante ABSTRACT The purpose of my presentation is to destigmatize the Rastafarian culture of being nothing but marijuana smokers and shed light on their true religious practices. Furthermore, I want to expand on the understanding that most Americans have of the Religion, and why it has become so popular in parts of the U.S. It has become especially popular in more liberal areas, though not all people take it quite as serious as real Rastas. Moreover, it appears as though some simply align themselves with the culture and separate it from the religion, though they should be one in the same. We could learn a lot from this peaceful religion and learning more about Rastas’ rites could allow us to improve our own lifestyles.
RESPECTABLE CHANGE Wendy Bojorquez ABSTRACT This presentation focuses on the Amish culture, at first it will begin with the basic and known characteristics of the Amish culture, such as; their devotion to their beliefs and its incorporation to their lifestyle. Then followed with simplistic and non-modernized ways of living and how gradually they have encountered and adapted to change. Many believe that the Amish are not susceptible to change but what we are learning is that as long as it respects their religion and does not hinder or impose on their beliefs, the Amish are open to listening to the ideas and methods of the outside English world. Furthermore, by understanding the culture and beliefs of the Amish we can learn how to better service their communities.
OTHER SOUTH ASIAN & MIDDLE EASTERN
be examining the role holy being play in their belief system, and specifically how the Peacock Angel is a prominent figure in their religion.
SOUTH AMERICAN
Photo by AngusKirk
OPPRESSION, INFLUENCE, AND LEGEND: AN EXAMINATION OF THE COMPLEXITIES OF THE YAZIDI PEOPLE AND HISTORY IN WAR TORN IRAQ Sarah Vitello ABSTRACT This presentation focuses on the Kurdish Yazidi (or Yezidi) people of the northern region of Iraq, and the way that their religion has been influenced by multiple cultures. The Yadidi claim to be the oldest religion in existence with records dating back over 6700 years, and state that their origin comes straight from the Garden of Eden. The Yazidi people are an independent and distinct religious culture that practice endogamy in order to maintain purity within their group. Specifically, I will be looking at the way the Yazidi have maintained their position in a state of war through legend and myth, the way in which colonialism has affected their belief system, and reasons for a history of and current and continuing oppression centered specifically at the Yazidi and their way of life by. I will also
Photo by Leonardo Pallotta
THE USE OF AYAHUASCA IN RELIGION AND MEDICINE Gregory Clark ABSTRACT This presentation will discuss the Brazilian religion Santo Daime. Specifically the spread to America, the use of the psychoactive tea Ayahuasca and the possible uses it has for treating psychological disorders. Ayahuasca is used heavily in the Santo Daime religion, but is also being researched for uses such as treating PTSD, depression and other physiological disorders. This could potentially help millions of people all over the world, but the side effects and potential dangers must also be explored
before it can applications.
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MAYAN RELIGION AND THEIR GOD S Yanet Salazar
CURANDERISMO IN THE AMERICAS Janine Romero ABSTRACT In this presentation the history and cultural relevance of the practice of Curanderismo in Latin American societies is explored through first-hand accounts and anthropological field work studies. This practice is highly significant due to the impact it has on religion, culture and the environment of those who are supporters of the traditional roles Curanderos take. Curanderismo shares very similar characteristics with Shamanism, yet it is completely unique and deserves its own category of recognition. With the current spark of interest in indigenous practices, it is with no surprise that many of the traditional practices of Curanderismo are surfacing many Westernized societies.
A WEB OF RELIGION: AN OVERVIEW OF THE SYNCRETIC ELEMENTS OF THE CANDOMBLÉ RELIGION AND THE RELATIONSHIP TO THE COMMUNITY Sierra Howard ABSTRACT This presentation illustrates the Candomblé religion based primarily in Brazil, specifically the syncretic element to the religion. By focusing on the syncretism involved in this religion and exploring the aspects of the various religions that are kept, and what purposes they were kept for, it can be seen how syncretism can positively effect a religion through inclusion and survival, and also negatively effect a religion through arguments of 'purity' and misunderstanding. Candomblé's complex structure as well as use of idols commonly used in other religions, makes it easier for outsiders to possibly misunderstand what they are seeing. Having a better understanding of the historical background as well as some knowledge of the syncretic elements within the Candomblé religion gives insight into the community culture, and perhaps a good look at how a religion can evolve over time, suiting the needs of it's followers.
ABSTRACT When people hear the word "Mayan" they immediately think of human sacrifice, death and blood thirstiness. The first thing on their mind isn't why the Mayans would sacrifice animals and humans to their gods or if there were other rituals or ways of worship. Yes, the Mayans did sacrifice humans in attempts to pacify or to find favor with their gods but that was just a small part of their culture. There are over 150 gods and goddess in the Mayan religion, each with their own characteristics, purposes and their own way of worship. The Mayans may have sacrificed a lot of humans but religion was at the heart of everything the Mayans did.
SANTISIMA MUERTA Andres Alcoer ABSTRACT This presentation is going to give you a better look at Santísima Muerte as most people who worship Santísima Muerte is seen to be worshiping the devil or that this is something that only drug dealer(narcos) pray too which this is not the case by looking at the type of clothing for Santísima Muerte we can tell what her purpose is. Santísima Muerte is misunderstood by people as they portray her as evil but in reality she not good nor is she bad.
HMONG RIRUALS AND PRACTICES
OTHER
Edward Tedford ABSTRACT
This presentation examines mainly the Hmong rituals and beliefs. More specifically focuses upon the ritual healing and end of life care and death rituals in the Hmong culture. Hmong mental health and identity are situated in a moral space of exchange relationships to significant others, challenging basic assumptions of concepts of the person widely held in psychiatry and beyond. With the end of life care in the Hmong culture, it is vital that others such as gerontological understand the cultural meaning and rituals associated with dying, death, and the bereavement process of Hmong Americans. Critical to this is the structure and role of clan and family as a source of support and their involvement in the decision-making process. By understanding more about this culture and rituals we can learn a lot from the Hmong beliefs.
CHRISTIAN DREAMERS Kyle Brickell ABSTRACT
Photo by birdfarm
THE HISTORY OF HAITIAN VOUDOU Corinne Brennan ABSTRACT This presentation explores the history and origins of Haitian Voudou. Voudou has a long and complex history within the culture of Haiti. This history helped transform both Haitian culture and the religion itself. Voudou first came into being during the French colonial period and has been at the source of rebellion, slavery abolition and significant political and cultural events. Because of its complex history, the core beliefs and practices of Voudou would not be fully understood without acknowledging the background and context of the religion.
This presentation will examine how dreams have affected Christianity and Christians. Throughout both the Old Testament and the New Testament there are multiple accounts of dreams having both strong meaning for the individual having them and also being prophetic in nature with extreme accuracy. These dreams are seen as a connection between the world of man and the realm of God; a conduit for communication, and many Christians still hold this to be true today. This topic is interesting in that it is said that everybody dreams, and many people believe them to be supernatural or divine in purpose.
VOUDOU RELIGION AND ATTACHED DISTORTED PERCEPTIONS Melodia Szpyrka ABSTRACT The focus of this presentation is the Vodou religion that is still being practiced in the Caribbean on the island of Haiti, the history of the Haitian people and Vodou, along with its characteristics that make it a valid religious practice and the negative representations that has been attached to this religion since the start of westernization of the world. Vodou religion has evolved from the African origins of the
slave trade & the colonization of the French on the island of Haiti, bringing in Catholicism & Christianity, showing the syncretism between the two religions. There will be examples of gods & goddesses, priests and priestesses; the sacred places where offerings are given, rituals and practices are performed to communicate with the lwa, known as the spirits/gods. The negative perception that has been attached to Vodou throughout history is vast and goes un noticed to the common man, and there will be some various examples from news articles, political figures, or media such as movies that have given power to the misrepresentations of Vodou.
RELIGIOUS SYMBOLISM IN FAIRYTALES, FOLKTALES, AND MYTHS
IT’S A TAPU SUBJECT Tessa Rice ABSTRACT This presentation examines the religion of the native people of New Zealand (also called Aotearoa), the Maori, and focuses specifically on their ideas of tapu and its diversity. An atua is a god or spirit that is a frequent visitor to the physical world and they are the “secret powers of the universe”. They are the cause of things that there is no readily apparent explanation for and tapu is defines as the state of being under their influence. Tapu can be either a benevolent force or a maleficent one depending upon the circumstances. There are also many reasons and ways to place or remove tapu from specific people, places, and objects based on the type oftapu present.
Samantha Murphy ABSTRACT In the text The Anthropology of Religion: An Introduction, author Fiona Bowie spends a chapter discussing the importance of symbolism to a religious traditions and culture. This research project will focus on the idea of religious symbolism within fairytales, folk tales and myths of different cultures. Primarily, this this project will focus on the religious symbols in Beauty and the Beast by Madame Leprince de Beaumont. Also, the research will look at the ideas presented by The Bhagavad- Gita of the Hindu tradition. And furthermore, look at the religious symbolism between the mythical Greek god Medusa and the book Medusa’s Hair, by Gananath Obeyesekere.
UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE OF SYMBOLIC BOUNDARIES IN TRAVELLER-GYPSIES LIVES Savanna VanderHeuvel ABSTRACT This presentation examines the lives and practices of Traveller-Gypsies. More specifically, this presentation will focus on the symbolic boundaries practiced by the Travellers to help maintain and protect their inner and outer bodies. Symbolic boundaries are important because they are what protect the inner body from pollution that is present from the Gorgio way of life. By learning about the importance of symbolic boundaries, we can learn a lot about why gypsy practices are what they are and what the meaning is behind these practices that Gorgio’s don’t necessarily understand. This is an interesting topic because often times, Gypsies are stuff of lore, but the reality is that they are a primitive group of people, who have been around for centuries fighting to keep their way of life distinctly different from that of Gorgio’s.
POLITICS AND AGRICULTURE IN THE PAS T Mary Krieger ABSTRACT No Abstract
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You are searching the world for treasure but the real treasure is yourself If you are tempted by bread you will find only bread. What you seek for you become. Rumi - Hidden Music