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A S P E C I A L S U P P L E M E N T T O T H E H U R O N D A I LY T R I B U N E
January 20, 2024
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Crop farmers’ winter preparations are crucial to have a successful season Dominic Sevilla Staff writer
needed for the next year. “This is when we purchase our inputs or For crop farmers, January make decisions on what is going to go into the ground may be the off-seaso,n but this year,” said Baranski. there is still plenty of work to be done to prepare for the “There are all various types of inputs and the work next season. varies, but we raise dry Michael Baranski is the edible beans, wheat and in owner of Michael Baranski Farms, where he is currently some years corn.” In addition to the working on getting ready for business and paperwork another growing season. side of running the farm, He said that the winter the winter is where Baranski season is where a lot of the said a lot of the maintenance clerical and office-based and repair work gets done to work gets done so that the the equipment. farm is ready to go. This “We do general includes paperwork for maintenance on tractors but governmental departments, the main care is done on and on the business side of the planting and harvesting things, figuring out what equipment,” Baranski inputs, which are seeds, said.”There is more wear on those pieces and so it seedlings or fertilizers, are
requires more attention.” With snow finally on the ground though, Baranski said this will help the ground, as winter wheat is planted in the beginning of winter so it is ready to grow once the season changes. “We’re better off with a layer of snow covering it, particularly if it gets to single-digit temperatures,” Baranski said. “The snow helps protect it from the extreme cold and the wind.” As for 2024, Baranski is hoping that world tensions and trade calm down as that factors into commodity prices and could have an effect on how profitable his crops are. Other than that he is looking to have a good season this year.
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USDA Reminds Producers of Upcoming Discrimination Financial Assistance Program Deadline National Call Center, virtual and in-person events, other assistance resources remain available through the Jan. 13 deadline The U.S. Department of Agriculture reminds farmers, ranchers and forest landowners that January 13, 2024, is the deadline to apply for the Discrimination Financial Assistance Program (DFAP). This program is made possible by the Inflation Reduction Act, which provided $2.2 billion in funding. Farmers, ranchers, and forest landowners who experienced discrimination by USDA in its farm loan programs prior to January 1, 2021 and/or are currently debtors with assigned or assumed USDA farm loan debt that was the subject of USDA discrimination that occurred prior to January 1, 2021, are eligible for this program. Applications may be submitted online through the program website at 22007apply.gov, in person at a DFAP local office, or by mail. The full list of offices and their operating hours can be found at 22007apply.gov/localassistance.html. There is no cost to apply for this program and free technical assistance is available. More information can be found on the program website or by calling 1-800721-0970. Offices will remain open until 8:00 p.m. local time and the call center will be available until
midnight PST on the day of the deadline. In September, after receiving feedback from potential applicants, nongovernmental program administrators, and community-based organizations, USDA extended the deadline to January 13, 2024. This provided potential applicants six months to prepare applications. The previous deadline was October 31, 2023. There will be no further extensions to the deadline. Applications submitted after the following deadlines will not receive consideration: Applications submitted by mail (including overnight mail) must be postmarked no later than January 13, 2024. Applications submitted in person at a local office must be received by 8 p.m. local time on January 13, 2024. Applications submitted online must be submitted (not merely started) by 11:59 p.m. PST on January 13, 2024. Online submissions must use the website portal— applications and supporting documentation received by email are not able to be considered. After the application deadline, local offices will be open until January 17, 2024, to allow for timely drop off of supporting
documents for applications submitted by January 13, 2024, but applications will not be accepted after January 13, 2024. All customer offices will be closed starting January 18, 2024. All customer offices will be closed starting January 18, 2024. The program’s call center will remain open until after program payments are made, from 8 a.m. EST to 8 p.m. PST, with Englishand Spanish- speaking agents available, seven days per week (except Federal holidays) for the next several weeks, and weekdays after February 18, 2024. Since the passage of the Inflation Reduction Act, USDA has worked diligently to design DFAP in accordance with the law and with significant stakeholder input. This includes working closely with the non-governmental program administrators who are conducting outreach, assisting with the financial assistance application process, processing applications, managing program call centers, and operating local offices. USDA has also worked with eight trusted community partners who are also providing outreach and application support. The entities involved in the DFAP application process have engaged in outreach at
the local, state, and national levels. Thousands of virtual and in-person outreach and technical assistance events have been conducted across the country, in addition to the assistance provided at local program offices. For the purposes of this program, a claim of discrimination may be based on different treatment you experienced because of race, national origin or ethnicity (including status as a member of a Native American Tribe), sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, religion, age, marital status, disability, or in reprisal/retaliation for prior civil rights activity. The information submitted through the application form is the only application requirement for this program. Incomplete applications will be evaluated on the basis of the information that is included. There will not be any hearings, appeals, or other processes to apply to this program. Potential applicants are encouraged to apply in advance of the deadline to allow time to resolve any questions on the application. USDA’s commitment to equity spans the Department’s mission areas and agencies. USDA is actively working to build a department that ensures none of our customers are
ignored or left behind. The Discrimination Financial Assistance Program is just one of many programs helping USDA rebuild trust, address systemic issues. and improve service to people who may have been underserved by USDA in the past. To learn more about USDA’s equity work and resources, visit www. usda.gov/equity. USDA touches the lives of all Americans each day in so many positive ways. In the Biden-Harris Administration, USDA is transforming America’s food system with a greater focus on more resilient local and regional food production, fairer markets for all producers, ensuring access to safe, healthy and nutritious food in all communities, building new markets and streams of income for farmers and producers using climate smart food and forestry practices, making historic investments in infrastructure and clean energy capabilities in rural America, and committing to equity across the Department by removing systemic barriers and building a workforce more representative of America. To learn more, visit www. usda.gov. USDA is an equal opportunity provider, employer, and lender.
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Dealing with Drought
4455 Doerr Rd. Cass City, MI 48726
Mark and Sue Copeland Agents
Phone: 989-872-4006 Fax: 989-872-3661 email@copelandins.biz Toll Free: 866-278-0192
As the specter of drought looms over agricultural landscapes, farmers and livestock owners find themselves grappling with the dual challenge of planning for and mitigating the effect of water scarcity on their crops and animals. Drought, a recurring and often unpredictable natural phenomenon, poses a significant threat to food security and livelihoods. In light of this, experts stress the importance of proactive measures to build resilience in the face of these arid challenges. Science.org reported that the past 22 years have been the driest in at least the past 1,200 years and that climate change is responsible for 40% of the intensity. Drought conditions can wreak havoc on crops and livestock, leading to reduced yields, diminished forage quality and water shortages. Farmers and livestock owners must recognize the signs and anticipate the onset of drought to implement effective management strategies. According to Smartrain.net, drought conditions are made worse by deforestation, overgrazing, excessive irrigation and climate change. Drought preparedness and management are integral components of sustainable agriculture in the face of an increasingly unpredictable climate. By adopting a holistic approach that combines technological innovation, community collaboration and proactive planning, farmers can build resilience and navigate the challenges posed by water scarcity. As the agricultural sector continues to adapt to evolving environmental conditions, the implementation of these strategies becomes not only a necessity but a proactive step towards securing the future of global food production. Developing a Plan Preserving water resources is paramount during drought periods. Farmers should invest in water-efficient irrigation systems, implement rainwater harvesting techniques and explore alternative water sources to safeguard against shortages. Diversifying crops can be a crucial
element of drought preparedness. Certain crops are more resilient to water scarcity, and incorporating drought-resistant varieties into the planting strategy can help maintain yields during challenging periods. Livestock are particularly vulnerable during droughts due to decreased forage availability. Developing a sustainable grazing plan, supplementing feed with nutritional alternatives, and ensuring proper veterinary care can help maintain the health and productivity of livestock. Healthy soil retains moisture more effectively. Implementing conservation tillage practices, cover cropping and mulching can enhance soil structure and reduce water evaporation, providing a buffer against drought conditions. Investing in weather monitoring technology and establishing early warning systems can empower farmers to make informed decisions. Timely information about impending drought conditions enables proactive adjustments to planting schedules and irrigation practices. Mitigating the Effect Having contingency plans for emergency feeding can prevent livestock from suffering malnutrition during droughts. Stockpiling feed or establishing relationships with reliable suppliers in advance can ensure a steady supply. Farmers should explore insurance options and financial tools designed to mitigate the economic effect of drought. Governments and agricultural agencies often provide assistance programs that can offer financial relief during challenging seasons. Establishing strong community networks can be a lifeline during droughts. Sharing resources, information and best practices within the farming community fosters resilience and collective problemsolving. Continuous learning is key to staying ahead of the curve in drought management. Farmers should stay informed about the latest advancements in agricultural practices, water-efficient technologies and drought-resistant crop varieties.
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Farm-to-Table Initiatives Farm-to-table initiatives have emerged as a beacon of sustainability and community resilience. These movements, which emphasize the direct supply of locally produced food to consumers, are transforming the culinary landscape and revitalizing local economies. Beyond the wholesome appeal of fresh, seasonal ingredients, participating in farmto-table endeavors holds a multitude of benefits, both for consumers and the communities they live in. One primary advantage of farmto-table initiatives is the boost to local economies. By fostering direct relationships between farmers and consumers, these initiatives create a symbiotic cycle of support that sustains regional agriculture. As consumers increasingly seek transparency in their food sources, local farmers find a reliable market, reducing the dependency on large-scale, distant suppliers. This ensures a fair income for local producers and helps to safeguard the agricultural heritage of a region. Moreover, farmto-table practices contribute to environmental sustainability. The traditional food supply chain often involves long-distance transportation, leading to excessive carbon emissions. In
contrast, sourcing food locally significantly reduces the carbon footprint associated with transportation. By choosing local produce, consumers actively participate in the fight against climate change, aligning their plates with eco-friendly principles. Health and nutrition are paramount considerations in the farm-to-table movement. Locally sourced foods are inherently fresher, as they spend less time in transit and on shelves. This translates to higher nutritional value, better taste and a reduced reliance on preservatives. The movement champions the idea that the journey from farm to table should be short and sweet, allowing consumers to savor the authentic flavors of their region while enjoying the health benefits associated with consuming seasonal, locally grown produce. Farm-to-table initiatives foster a sense of community. The direct connection between producers and consumers encourages a deeper understanding of the food production process. Farmers’ markets, a common platform for these initiatives, become community hubs where residents interact with those who cultivate their food. This
strengthens social bonds and creates a shared commitment to supporting local businesses and sustainable practices. The sense of pride in one’s local agricultural heritage becomes a unifying force, shaping a community that actively invests in its well-being. Restaurants embracing farm-totable principles are at the forefront of this culinary revolution. Chefs committed to sourcing ingredients locally provide a unique gastronomic experience and champion the cause of sustainability. Diners, in turn, enjoy the assurance of a fresh, responsibly sourced meal, often with a menu that evolves with the seasons. This supports local farmers and encourages a shift towards a more conscious and appreciative approach to dining. Farm-to-table initiatives are cultivating a future where the food on our plates is a testament to our commitment to community, sustainability and health. By choosing to participate in these movements, consumers actively contribute to the prosperity of local economies, reduce their environmental footprint and savor the authentic flavors of their regions.
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Livestock Health and Wellness As spring breathes new life into pastures and barns, livestock owners are presented with an opportune time to focus on the health and well-being of their animals.
Ag Solutions™
2319 Main St. • Ubly
Phone: 989.658.2551 Office Fax: 989.658.2455 Manager
JIM COOK Sales Consultants REX THAYER CHELSEA VOLMERING
The transition from winter to spring brings unique challenges and opportunities for livestock care. Prioritizing the health and wellness of your livestock sets the stage for a productive and thriving season. Incorporating best practices into a livestock management routine ensures that animals weather the challenges of spring and flourish in an environment that promotes their health and vitality. Spring marks an ideal time to revisit and update vaccination schedules. Consult with a veterinarian to assess the specific needs of your livestock and tailor a vaccination plan accordingly. Ensure vaccinations are up to date to protect against common diseases prevalent during warmer months. Warmer temperatures create favorable conditions for parasites. Implement a strategic parasite control program to safeguard livestock from internal and external parasites. Regularly deworming and monitoring for signs of infestation are essential components of a comprehensive health strategy. Adequate pasture management is
crucial for promoting livestock health. Rotate pastures to prevent overgrazing, which can lead to nutrient deficiencies and soil degradation. Monitor grass growth and ensure a balanced diet by providing access to different grazing areas. Evaluate the nutritional needs of your livestock and adjust feed accordingly. Spring is a critical period for lactating animals and growing young stock. Ensure access to high-quality forage, and supplement with appropriate feed to meet the increased nutritional demands. Spring grass may not always provide all the necessary minerals for optimal livestock health. Supplementing with mineral blocks or feed additives can help address any deficiencies and support overall wellbeing. Consult with a veterinarian to determine the specific mineral needs of your livestock. As temperatures rise, pay attention to hydration. Ensure constant access to clean, fresh water for your livestock. Regularly check water sources for cleanliness and functionality to prevent dehydration, especially during
warmer days. Conduct regular health checks to detect any signs of illness or distress early on. Monitor body condition scores, observe behavior and check for signs of lameness or discomfort. Early intervention can prevent the escalation of health issues. Implement biosecurity practices to prevent the introduction and spread of diseases. Quarantine new animals before introducing them to the herd, practice proper sanitation and limit the movement of people and equipment between different livestock areas. Minimize stressors during spring, as animals may be particularly sensitive during this season. Consider gradual changes in diet, avoid overcrowding and provide adequate shelter to protect against sudden weather changes. Collaborate with a veterinarian to develop a comprehensive health plan tailored to the specific needs of your livestock. Regular consultations with a professional can help identify and address potential health issues before they become major concerns.
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Marketing for Farmers’ Markets Farmers’ markets, once humble gatherings, have evolved into bustling hubs of local commerce. For farmers and vendors participating in these markets, the challenge lies in producing quality goods and in effectively marketing them to stand out in a competitive environment. Effective marketing helps farmers thrive in the competitive marketplace and create a lasting connection with their customers. As these markets continue to flourish, the cultivation of strong marketing strategies ensures that farmers’ produce remains at the forefront of consumers’ minds. Branding and Storytelling Developing a compelling brand story creates a connection between farmers and consumers. Share the journey of your farm, highlight sustainable practices and emphasize the uniqueness of your products. Customers are increasingly drawn to the stories behind the produce they purchase. Presentation matters. Create visually appealing displays that showcase the freshness and variety of your products. Use colorful, welldesigned signage, arrange produce in an aesthetically pleasing manner and consider offering samples to entice potential customers. Extend your reach beyond physical markets by establishing an online presence. A user-friendly website or e-commerce platform allows customers to browse your products, place orders and even arrange for delivery or pickup, expanding accessibility. Leverage the power of social media to connect with customers beyond the market. Regularly update platforms like Instagram and Facebook with visually appealing posts. Share behind-the-scenes glimpses of farm life, promote special offers and encourage customer interaction.
Customer Rewards Rewarding loyal customers fosters repeat business. Consider implementing loyalty programs, offering discounts for returning customers or providing special perks for those who refer new clients. Building a loyal customer base is a powerful long-term marketing strategy. Tailor your marketing strategies to reflect the changing seasons. Highlight seasonal produce, create themed promotions or offer limitedtime discounts on specific items. Embracing the rhythm of the seasons keeps your offerings fresh and exciting. Actively seek customer feedback to understand preferences and areas for improvement. Use this information to adapt and refine your offerings. An agile approach to your product lineup based on customer input enhances satisfaction and loyalty. Informing customers about your farming practices, the benefits of locally sourced products and the unique qualities of your offerings can set you apart. Consider hosting workshops, demonstrations or tastings to engage and educate your audience. Collaboration Collaborative efforts can amplify visibility. Partner with other vendors to create joint promotions or themed events. Cross-promotion helps tap into each other’s customer bases and adds a sense of community to the market experience. Become an active participant in the local community. Sponsor local events, engage in charitable initiatives or collaborate with local businesses. Establishing your presence outside the farmers’ market strengthens your brand and fosters community support.
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Sustainable Farming and Pests
The quest for sustainable and environmentally friendly practices is more crucial than ever. One approach gaining traction among farmers and ranchers is Integrated Pest Management (IPM). This comprehensive strategy aims to control pests and to foster a balanced ecosystem, reducing reliance on chemical interventions and promoting long-term sustainability. IPM is a holistic and proactive approach to pest control that emphasizes preventive measures, biological controls and the strategic use of chemicals as a last resort. The core philosophy revolves around maintaining a balance between pests and their natural enemies while prioritizing the overall health of the farm or ranch ecosystem. According to the Integrated Pest Management Global Market Report, the main types of integrated pest management are weeds, invertebrates, pathogens and vertebrates. They also predict that more agricultural growers will need to use IPM because climate change has caused an increase in the pest population.
Terry Cramer
T 989.658.8621 F 989.658.2131 C 989.551.9154
2332 Main Street Ubly, MI 48475 terry.cramer@adm.com
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Grower Relations Manager
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Monitoring and Prevention The foundation of IPM lies in constant monitoring and early detection of potential pest threats. By closely observing crops and livestock, farmers can identify signs of pest presence before a full-blown infestation occurs. This vigilance enables the implementation of preventive measures such as crop rotation, proper irrigation practices and maintaining optimal soil health, creating an environment less conducive to pest proliferation. In the intricate tapestry of nature, every creature plays a role. IPM harnesses the power of beneficial insects, such as ladybugs, parasitic wasps and predatory beetles, to keep pest populations in check. These natural predators act as a
frontline defense, consuming or parasitizing harmful pests and reducing the need for chemical interventions. Farms and ranches practicing IPM often introduce these allies strategically, creating a harmonious balance within the ecosystem. Crop Diversity Monoculture, the practice of cultivating a single crop over extensive areas, can inadvertently invite pests to thrive. IPM advocates for crop diversity, disrupting the life cycles of pests and minimizing the risk of large-scale infestations. Companion planting, where mutually beneficial crops are grown in proximity, further enhances this diversity, promoting resilience and reducing the need for chemical inputs. Precision Technology Modern agriculture benefits from cutting-edge technology, and IPM is no exception. Precision farming tools, such as drones and sensors, allow farmers to monitor fields with unprecedented accuracy. This data-driven approach enables the precise application of interventions, ensuring that resources are used efficiently and only when necessary. This targeted strategy minimizes environmental effect and safeguards against the development of pesticide-resistant pests. Successful implementation of IPM requires knowledge and collaboration. Educating farmers and ranchers about the principles of IPM, as well as providing access to resources and support networks, is crucial. Cooperative efforts among agricultural communities can lead to shared insights and best practices, creating a network of support for those embracing this sustainable approach.
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Succession Planning As family-owned farms navigate the ebb and flow of generations, they have to cultivate the art of succession planning. Ensuring a smooth transition to the next generation preserves the legacy of the farm and sets the stage for continued success. Farm succession planning is not merely a legal formality; it is a dynamic and ongoing process that requires adaptability and foresight. Preserving a Legacy Family-owned farms are not just businesses; they are living legacies woven into the fabric of generations. Succession planning safeguards the hard work, traditions and values embedded in the farm, allowing them to flourish and evolve under the stewardship of the next generation. Initiate conversations about succession early and maintain open lines of communication. Discussing the future of the farm, roles and responsibilities helps align expectations and prevents misunderstandings. Encourage active participation and input from all family members involved. Clearly define who will take on leadership roles in the next generation. Consider factors such as skills, passion and commitment. A comprehensive understanding of each successor’s strengths and aspirations aids in allocating responsibilities effectively. Creating a Plan Seek guidance from professionals, including financial advisors, attorneys and agricultural experts. These individuals can provide valuable insights into legal, financial and operational aspects of succession planning, ensuring a comprehensive and legally sound strategy. Formalize the succession plan
in writing. Clearly outline roles, responsibilities and decisionmaking processes. Having a documented plan not only provides clarity but also serves as a reference point for resolving any future disputes. Address the issue of fairness when distributing assets and responsibilities among heirs. Consider non-farming children and their interests, and aim for a solution that is perceived as fair by all family members. Facilitate a structured training program for the successors. Ensure that they acquire the necessary skills, knowledge and experience to successfully manage the farm. Mentorship programs and on-thejob training can be instrumental in this process. Financial Planning Evaluate the farm’s financial health and develop a plan for financial continuity. Consider tax implications, estate planning and potential sources of funding for the transition. A well-thought-out financial strategy mitigates risks and ensures the farm’s economic sustainability. Anticipate unforeseen circumstances by incorporating contingency plans into the succession strategy. Consider factors such as unexpected health issues, economic downturns or changes in the agricultural landscape to maintain resilience in the face of uncertainty. Gradual transitions often yield the best results. Consider a phased handover that allows the next generation to gradually assume responsibilities while benefiting from the guidance and experience of the current generation. This approach promotes a smoother adjustment for all parties involved.
SATURDAY, JANUARY 20, 2024 • 9
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Smart Shorelands: Prevent the Spread of Aquatic Invasive Species Paige Filice, Michigan State University Extension. Adapted from Jane Herbert and Linda Whitlock, Michigan State University Extension.
Does your landscape contain a water garden or ornamental pond? Some water garden plants and animals have the potential to become invasive—outcompeting and diminishing Michigan’s rich diversity of native aquatic species. When non-native plants or animals escape or are intentionally introduced into lakes, streams and wetlands, they can become invasive due to an absence of natural population controls, such as predators and disease, that would normally keep them in check. Although winter temperatures may prevent some plants and animals from growing and reproducing in Michigan, this is not always the case. Some species may survive and thrive, which can negatively impact the environment, decrease recreational opportunities and cause severe economic consequences.
summer and nurtured throughout the season can be emotionally difficult. Caution and careful thought are needed in deciding what to do with unwanted plants and animals. Releasing any aquatic organism into the environment is not an accepted practice and is punishable by law. Be aware the state and federal government regulates the sale of some plants and animals due to their invasive potential. It is illegal to be in possession of, sell, offer to sell or introduce into the environment prohibited and restricted plants and animals. Regulated water garden species include European frogbit (Hydrocharis morsus-ranae), yellow floating-heart (Nymphoides peltata) and parrot feather (Myriophyllum aquaticum), among many other plants and animals.
Recommended RIPPLE disposal options: Water garden Seal aquatic plants in a plastic bag Disposing of aquatic plants and and dispose in the trash. animals Contact a retailer for returns or Michigan’s Reduce Invasive Pet surrender. and Plant Escapes (RIPPLE) program Give or trade with another encourages enjoyment of your water responsible water gardener. features and protection of the natural Donate to an aquarium society, environment by offering responsible school or environmental learning tips and solutions for disposing of center. dead, dying or unwanted aquatic Contact a veterinarian or retailer plants and animals. Popular water for guidance on humane disposal of garden plants and animals are animals. known for their vigorous growth Turtles and rapid reproduction, and as Be a smart gardener and avoid a water gardener, you’ve likely experienced having too many to care these invasive plants! When making purchases, know for. If this occurs, remember it is which ones are prohibited or never safe to release water garden restricted. For a complete list, visit plants and animals into the natural Michigan Invasive Species. Be aware environment, even if they appear that retail names and descriptions of to be dead. It is extremely difficult plants and animals can be mislabeled to eradicate a species once it is and misleading. established in the wild. What else can water gardeners do Safe and proper disposal of plants to help prevent the spread of aquatic and animals you have purchased at a garden center early in the invasive species?
Photo by Paige Filice, MSU Extension
For starters, never assume a plant or animal is harmless or benign. Just because it is not regulated does not mean it is safe to dispose of in natural waterways. Some popular plants and animals sold in trade can survive in the wild and cause severe environmental harm. Never release anything you’ve purchased for your water garden into the natural environment. Thoughtfully plan your water feature to avoid stress, heartache and accidental spread of non-native species. Build water gardens away from other waterways and consider where potential floodwaters may end up. Also, unwanted organisms can hitchhike on water garden plants. To prevent unwanted hitchhikers from appearing in your water garden, inspect and rinse new aquatic plants to rid them of seeds, plant fragments, snails and fish. Together, we can keep Michigan’s waterways healthy and pure Pet and pond retailers, professionals and hobbyists are invited to explore RIPPLE resources and become partners by learning how to prevent invasions and sharing materials and information with their clients and communities. A variety of print and electronic educational resources are available at the RIPPLE website. Learn about invasive species currently found in Michigan, where
they are located, how to identify them and report new sightings in the wild through the Midwest Invasive Species Information Network. Contact your local Cooperative Invasive Species Management Area (CISMA) to become involved in efforts to prevent and control invasive species in your community. CISMAs are groups of non-profit and government agencies, businesses and volunteers that have come together to tackle issues related to invasive species in their regions. CISMAs can offer a range of services including information on preventing, identifying, reporting and managing invasive species. Learn more at Michigan Invasive Species. For more information on a wide variety of Smart Gardening topics, visit www.migarden.msu.edu or call MSU’s Lawn and Garden hotline at 1-888- 678-3464. Additional shoreland resources can be found on the MSU Extension Center for Lakes and Streams website at www.canr. msu.edu/cls. Updated December 2023. This publication is supported in part by the Crop Protection and Pest Management Program 2017-7000627175 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
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Smart Shorelands: Soak Up the Rain with a Smart Rain Garden Paige Filice, Michigan State University Extension
Beautify your yard and neighborhood while helping the environment with a rain garden. Rain gardens are a unique landscaping practice used to filter and absorb rainwater that runs off roofs and driveways, allowing it to be slowly reintroduced into our water system. They help the environment by keeping pollution out of storm drains and instead filter it naturally through the soil. Often planted with deep rooted and lush native plants, rain gardens are also an excellent way to attract birds and butterflies to your yard. Rain gardens capture and absorb water within a day or two of a rain event and are dry most of the year. They are designed to direct water from gutters or high parts of your yard into shallow depressed garden areas planted with native species. Rain gardens can be a very affordable and attractive option for those interested in protecting water and enhancing their landscape. When considering a rain garden, there are a few factors to keep in mind. Place it where the water flows A rain garden should be installed where it can collect the most rainwater runoff as possible, likely near driveways and downspouts. Capturing rainwater from rooftops is simple if your house has gutters. Depending on the shape of your yard, you can build a stone channel from a downspout or bury a 4-inch plastic downspout extender into the garden bed. The shape and depth of a rain garden can be a natural depression in your landscape or one you create. While it may be tempting to locate a rain garden in a low, wet spot in your yard, do not place it where water is currently ponding. Standing water indicates soil that is slow to absorb water and the function of a rain garden is to assist with water
infiltration. Place rain gardens at least 10 feet away from buildings to prevent water seeping into the building. Do not place a rain garden over a septic tank, leach field or drinking water well. Rain gardens should be as level as possible. Water should not pool at one end or spill over an edge before it has a chance to soak in. Constructing a rain garden on level ground will also make it easier to install since you won’t need to remove as much soil.
Big or small, every little bit helps Rain gardens are usually a few inches deep (4-8 inches) and can be designed in any shape or size. Generally crescent, kidney and teardrop shapes work well. Typical rain gardens are 100 to 300 square feet. The size and depth depend on soil type. Gardens placed in sandy, well-draining soil can be much deeper than rain gardens in less permeable clay soil. Depending on the soil type, it may be necessary to replace some soil with an absorbent soil mix to help with water infiltration. Generally, rain gardens should be about twice as long as they are wide, and the length of the garden perpendicular to where water is entering. During an average rainfall, most of the garden should fill with water and infiltrate within a day. Fill it with thirsty plants for the biggest impact Native plants are an easy option for rain gardens because they tolerate short periods of standing water and can deal with drought conditions during hot summer months. Their deep root system also aids in water infiltration. It is best to purchase established plants since seeds can easily be washed away. Rain gardens are designed to drain within 24 to 48 hours, therefore moistureloving native plants may not be ideal for all rain gardens. In the deepest part of
your rain garden, choose plants that have average to moist water requirements. The outside and edges should be planted with species that thrive in average or even dry conditions. If there are native plants already in your yard that are adapted to both wet and dry conditions, save money and transplant them. A little maintenance goes a long way Similar to other landscaping features, some maintenance is necessary for rain gardens including mulching, weeding and watering in the first year. Once established, the plants should outcompete most weeds.
It may also be necessary to periodically remulch and clear dead vegetation and other debris such as sediment and sand. Rain gardens can potentially attract unwanted insects and wildlife. However, they are not a source of mosquitoes, which require a week of standing water to breed. For more information on a wide variety of Smart Gardening topics, visit www. migarden.msu.edu or call MSU’s Lawn and Garden hotline at 1-888-678-3464. Additional shoreland resources can be found on the MSU Extension Center for Lakes and Streams website at www.canr. msu.edu/cls.
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Community Supported Agriculture In the heart of sustainable agriculture lies a model that nourishes the land and fosters a direct connection between farmers and the communities they serve — Community Supported Agriculture (CSA). As the demand for locally sourced, fresh produce rises, setting up and managing a CSA program can be a rewarding venture for farmers seeking to cultivate strong community ties while providing a bountiful harvest. By fostering direct relationships between farmers and shareholders, CSA programs become a beacon of sustainable agriculture, nourishing both the land and the people it serves. At the core of any successful CSA program is community engagement. Begin by gauging local interest and building a network of potential supporters. Hosting community events, participating in farmers’ markets, and leveraging social media are effective ways to create awareness and excitement around your CSA initiative. Plan Your Harvest Calendar CSA programs typically operate
on a seasonal schedule, offering shareholders a variety of fresh produce throughout the growing season. Plan your harvest calendar meticulously, considering the local climate and the types of crops that thrive in each season. A diverse selection ensures a rich experience for CSA members and promotes a sustainable, year-round operation. Options and Communication Tailor your CSA program to meet the diverse needs of your community. Offer different share sizes, delivery or pickup options, and even specialty packages like organic or themed baskets. Providing flexibility ensures that your program appeals to a broader audience, accommodating various preferences and lifestyles. Establishing transparent and consistent communication is key to
a thriving CSA program. Regularly update shareholders on the progress of crops, upcoming harvests and any challenges faced on the farm. Consider implementing newsletters, social media updates or even on-farm events to keep the community engaged and informed about the food they are supporting. Develop a user-friendly website where potential members can learn about your program, sign up for shares and access important information. Use social media platforms to share behind-the-scenes glimpses of farm life, recipes, and connect with your community on a personal level. Implement Sustainable Practices Embrace sustainable farming practices. Highlight your commitment to eco-friendly agriculture, whether through organic methods, reduced chemical usage or water conservation.
Shareholders increasingly value the connection between sustainable farming and the fresh, nutritious produce they receive. Create memorable experiences by organizing on-farm events or workshops for CSA members. Invite them to participate in harvests, farm tours or cooking classes. These events strengthen the bond between farmers and shareholders and deepen the community’s appreciation for the origins of their food. Encourage open communication and seek feedback from CSA members regularly. Use this valuable input to adapt and refine your program continually. Whether it’s adjusting crop varieties, altering pickup times or introducing new offerings, a responsive approach ensures that your CSA remains aligned with community expectations.
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