Lantos PM Auwaerter PG, Wormser GP:. A systematic review of Borrelia burgdorferi morphologic variants does not support a role in chronic Lyme disease. Clin Infect Dis 58(5):663-671, 2014. Imai DM, Barr BC, Daft B, Bertone JJ, Feng S, Hodzic E, Johnston JM, Olsen KJ, Barthold SW: Lyme neuroborreliosis in 2 horses. Vet Pathol 48(6):1151-1157, 2011. Johnson AL, Divers TJ, Chang YF: Validation of an in-clinic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit for diagnosis of Borrelia burgdorferi infection in horses. J Vet Diagn Invest 20(3):321-324, 2008. Magnarelli LA, Ijdo JW, Van Andel AE, Wu C, Padula SJ, Fikrig E: Serologic confirmation of Ehrlichia equi and Borrelia burgdorferi infections in horses from the northeastern United States. J Am Vet Med Assoc 217(7):1045-1050, 2000. Priest HL, Irby NL, Schlafer DH, Divers TJ, Wagner B, Glaser AL, Chang YF, Smith MC: Diagnosis of Borrelia-associated uveitis in two horses. Vet Ophthalmol 15(6):398-405, 2012. Sears KP, Divers TJ, Neff RT, Miller WH Jr, McDonough SP: A case of Borrelia-associated cutaneous pseudolymphoma in a horse. Vet Dermatol 23(2):153-156, 2011. Schnabel LV, Papicih MG, Divers TJ, Altier C, Aprea MS, McCarrel TM, Fortier LA: Pharmacokinetics and distribution of minocycline in mature horses after oral administration of multiple doses and comparison with minimum inhibitory concentrations. Equine Vet J; 44(4):453-8. 2012. Wagner B, Glaser A, Bartol J, Mahar O, Johnson A, Divers T: A new sensitive Lyme multiplex assay to confirm neuroborreliosis in horses: a case report. Proc Am Assoc Equine Practit 57:70-75, 2011.
Loading can trigger a lot more than fear.
Wagner B, Freer H, Rollins A Erb HN, Lu Z, Gröhn Y: Development of a multiplex assay for the detection of antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi in horses and its validation using Bayesian and conventional statistical methods. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 144(3-4):374-381, 2011.
Thomas J. Divers, DVM, DACVIM, DACVECC Dr. Thomas J. Divers earned his DVM from the University of Georgia. He attended the University of California School of Veterinary Medicine for an internship in equine medicine, and returned to the University of Georgia for his residency in large animal internal medicine. Currently, Dr. Divers is a professor of medicine and chief of large animal medicine at the Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine. He is a Diplomate of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine, and of the American College of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care. Dr. Divers’ research interests include equine motor neuron disease, equine lyme disease, equine protozoal myelitis, and advances in internal medicine and critical care for horses or cows.
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Issue 2 • 2015