How to use this book

A chapter outline appears at the start of every chapter to introduce the learning aims and help you navigate the content.

In this chapter you will:

• describe the structure of the atom and the relative charges and masses of protons, neutrons and electrons

• describe how protons, neutrons and electrons behave in electric fields

• deduce the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in atoms and ions.

Exercises help you to practice skills that are important for studying Standard Level and Higher Level Chemistry.

Questions at the end of each chapter are more demanding exam-style questions, some of which may require use of knowledge from previous chapters. Answers to these questions can be found in digital form on Cambridge GO. Visit Cambridge GO and register to access these resources at www.cambridge.org/GO

In these boxes you find chemical equations in the form of symbols and formula.

Definitions of key vocabulary are given at the beginning of each chapter.

You will also find definitions of these words in the glossary.

Tip boxes will help you complete the exercises, and give you support in areas that you might find difficult.