Revista n°52 / ene - feb 2012

Page 92

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ue a raíz de una gran casualidad que el brasileño Cildo Meireles dejó de despreciar el arte conceptual y comenzó a verlo como una forma democrática y útil para los fines que la época le imponía: la resistencia poética y política. Su compadre estaba en prisión, y se distraía viendo caer por la ventana objetos sin importancia: colillas de cigarros, palos de fósforo, papel celofán. A la luz cobraban una apariencia inusitada. Se preguntaba qué harían Cildo y sus colegas con eso. Un gran desafío que el artista tomó y ha sabido responder construyendo pequeños objetos o grandes espacios en los que tiempo, espacio y sistemas son cuestionados.

It was thanks to an incredible chance that the Brazilian Cildo Meireles stopped despising conceptual art and started to see it as a democratic and useful way for the purposes that the period imposed: poetic and political resistance. A good friend of his was in prison and passed his time looking at meaningless things falling out the window: cigarette butts, matchsticks, cellophane wrappers, which under the light would take on an unusual appearance. He wondered what would Cildo and his colleagues do with that. A great challenge that the artist took and has known how to answer by building little or big spaces in which time, space and systems are questioned.

Nacido en Río de Janeiro en 1948, Meireles comenzó trabajando en torno al espacio y las dimensiones en unas series de dibujos geométricos y matemáticos –Espacios virtuales, Volúmenes virtuales y Ocupaciones–, que desembocaron en Rincones, unos dibujos tridimensionales que imitan los espacios de cualquier esquina. Los años ‘60 llegaban a su fin y los hechos lo empujaron a más lejos; en su país se vivía una dictadura militar y el arte no escapaba a la censura. “En el ‘69 fui uno de los cinco artistas escogidos por votación de críticos y de otros artistas para presentar piezas en el Museo de Arte Moderno. La exhibición fue cercada por la policía política y un coronel dio tres horas para desmontarla antes de que abriera. Hubo un gran boicot internacional”, relata en portuñol el artista al teléfono desde Río de Janeiro, donde tiene su taller. Era la primera vez que las obras de Espacios y Volúmenes serían exhibidas. Pero hubo que descolgarlas.

Born in Rio de Janeiro in 1948, Meireles started to work around space and dimensions in a series of geometrical and mathematical drawings –Espacios Virtuales, Volumenes Virtuales and Ocupaciones–, which led to Rincones, three-dimensional drawings which mimic the spaces of any given corner. The 60’s were almost over and facts pushed him to go further; his country was under a military dictatorship and art didn’t escape censorship. “In 1969 I was one of the five artists chosen by critics and other artists to present pieces at the Museo de Arte Moderno. The exhibition was surrounded by police and a Coronel gave us three hours to take it down before it opened. There was a great international boycott”, he says in portugnol on the phone from Rio de Janeiro, where he has his workshop. It was the first time that the works Espacios and Volumenes would be exhibited. But they had to be taken down.

Los artistas de vanguardia de ese entonces –Helio Oiticica, Lygia Clark y Lydia Pape– habían desarrollado un arte que necesitaba del público para tomar forma y cobrar existencia. Meireles, buscaba algo más tajante. Poco a poco comenzó a idear una mezcla entre actuación, acción de arte y performance con la serie Arte físico, acciones relacionadas con el espacio geográfico que, en gran parte, no se realizaron. “En aquellos momentos, como ciudadano yo participaba en las manifestaciones callejeras, pero sentí la necesidad de hablar de eso en mi trabajo”, relata Cildo.

Artists at the vanguard of that moment –Helio Oiticica, Lygia Clark and Lydia Pape– had developed a style of art that needed the audience in order to take form and become existent. Meireles, was looking for something more drastic. Little by little, with the series Arte Fisico, he started to think of a mix between acting, action of art and performance, actions which were related with geographical space that, in a great way, were not carried out. “At the time, as a citizen I was part of street protests, but I felt the need to talk about that in my work”, says Cildo.

Por fin en los ‘70 pudo tomar la realidad por asalto. Escribió en billetes la frase “¿Quién mató a Herzog?”, en clara alusión al asesinato político de un periodista, y los puso nuevamente en circulación. Lo mismo hizo con cientos de botellas de Coca-Cola usadas que, tras recoger e imprimirles la leyenda “Yankees go home”, fueron devueltas a la embotelladora para llenarlas nuevamente de gaseosa y que fueron consumidas por cientos de personas, quienes a la vez consumieron arte. Ambas acciones fueron parte de Inserciones en circuitos ideológicos (1970-1976), y podrían definirse como una anti publicidad o interferencia al sistema, al devolver al emisor un mensaje político que, por la forma presentación, se volvía poético.

Finally, during the 70’s he took reality by the scruff of the neck. He wrote on money notes the phrase “Who killed Herzog?”, alluding to the political murder of a journalist, and then he put them back into circulation. He did the same with thousands of used Coca-Cola bottles that, after printing on them “Yankees go home”, they were returned to the bottling plant where they where refilled with the drink so that they could be consumed again by hundreds of people, who consumed art at the same time. Both actions were part of Inserciones en circuitos Ideologicos (1970-1976) and could be defined as anti publicity or as an interference to the system, as they returned a political message to the issuer that, for its presentation, became poetic.

“El arte conceptual me aburría. Había muchas palabras, mucha retórica, íbamos a una exposición a leer textos de artistas –que muchas veces no

“Conceptual art used to bore me. It had too many words, too much rhetoric, we would visit an exhibition to read the texts of the artists –which in


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