BACK TO THE FUTURE?
‘ APPROACH TO COMPREHENSIVE COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT: CDFIS HEALTH & EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION Methodology:
About:This project explores how CCRC, a multifamily affordable housing lender, fits into the discourse of comprehensive community development (CCD) while using the
1. Background Research: Affordable Housing
organization’s quarter century of experience in the field. This research evaluates various possiblities for expansion to determine whether the comprehensive community development model is the solution to the affordable housing and community development issues plaguing communities with low income.
Market
2. Literature Review: Urban policy reform,
What is a CDFI?A Community Development Financial Institution is a financial intermediary that delivers affordable and responsible lending in underserved communities
federal, state, local models of housing assistance 3. Meta Literature Review: Areas for possible expansion 4. Mapping: Demographics & areas of need 5. Interviews: Developers, CDFIs
to support community development and affordable housing.
What is CCD? Comprehensive Community Development is an approach that considers how different disciplines and program areas form a complex interconnected system working together to improve a community’s quality of life.
Findings:
Security
Early Childhood education
Green Building Charter School Job Training
Supportive Services
Health
Transportation
NEED RISK
Recommendations:
A.
Recommendations:
CCRC could use Policymap to determine if new developments are in areas where there is need and help
fund child care facilities in conjunction to housing. CCRC should partner with the organization in order to identify organizational gaps within First 5 LA’s existing programs.
B.
A.
CCRC to Use PolicyMap to determine if new developments are in areas where there is need and help fund
health care facilities or supermarkets in conjunction to housing.
B. CCRC to Facilitate Healthy Food Access by linking farmers markets with service providers to create
CCRC to Learn More About Obama’s Early Childhood Initiative whereby $500 million have been set aside
for new Early Head Start-Child Care Partnerships (EHS-CCP). The grants would finance programming to new child-care centers that would focus on early childhood education for children living in low-income households.
C. CCRC can underwrite loans for community centers where literacy, computer and ESL (for parents) classes
programming that will allow for people to pick up their food baskets from the manager at their convenience.
C.
Consultant: Ana Tapia
CCRC to underwrite loans for community centers where exercise, cooking and food classes can be
offered. These facilities can also be used to host farmer markets on the weekends, with the condition that
Adviser: Joan Ling Department of Urban Planning University of California, Los Angeles
that accept EBT cards to purchase fresh food.
can be offered. These facilities can also be used to host financial literacy programs.
H I S T O R Y
C O M M U N I T Y
D E V E L O P M E N T
JOHNSON'S WAR ON POVERTY
FDR'S NEW DEAL
1964 Office of Economic Opportunity: Model Cities Program & Comprehensive Community Action Program
1933 Social and economic reform: public housing replaced slum housing, led to social and racial segregation
1930
O F
1940
1950
THE HOUSING ACT OF 1949 Urban Renewal: To stop white flight, razed low-income
housing and built public housing
1960
I N
T H E
BIRTH OF CDCS 1966 Birth of Community Development Corporations: Kennedy created to do "what government could not"
1970
U N I T E D
S T A T E S
THE COMMUNITY REINVESTMENT ACT 1977 Mandates equitable bank lending practices in low-income communities in an attempt to eliminate redlining
1980 HOUSING & COMMUNITY DEV'T ACT 1974
Client: Mary Kaiser and George Vine, The California Community Reinvestment Corporation
Nixon to replace urban renewal with Community Development Block Grants
HOPE VI
NEW MARKET TAX CREDITS
1992 HUD created HOPE VI as a new type of public housing; new urbanism, ped and transit friendly, place-based
2000 NMTCs are tax incentives to develop commercial, nonhousing properities in low-income communities, similar to LIHTC
1990
2000
LIHTC
CREATION CDFI FUND
1986 Congress created the Low Income Housing Tax Credits, tax incentives for affordable housing
1994 U.S. Department of the Treasury created to institutionalize CDFI services and award equity investments and technical assistance
2010