Tidbits Grand Forks April 3 Issue

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Of Grand Forks • East Grand Forks

April 3, 2014

Published by: Wick Publications

701-772-8239

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TIME

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On March 31, 1918, Daylight Saving Time went into effect – briefly – for the first time in history. Come along with Tidbits as we remember this historic event by trying to figure out what the heck time it is anyway.

MASS CLOCK CONFUSION • In the good old days, the time of day varied by one minute for every 13 miles traveled east to west. Noon was whenever the sun was overhead any particular town. Cities only a few hundred miles apart had times that were quite different. This didn’t matter much when people rarely traveled more than a few miles from home. But when railroads started transporting people long distances, things got complicated. It made scheduling trains hard. • When it was noon in Chicago, it was 12:31 in Pittsburgh, 12:17 in Toledo; 11:50 in St. Louis; 11:39 in St. Paul; and 11:27 in Omaha. The train station in Pittsburgh had six clocks showing six local times. Wisconsin had 38 different time zones, all within the same state. Railroads had nearly 300 time zones across the nation. It was difficult to prevent trains from crashing with so much confusion. • A Connecticut man named Charles Dowd suggested the solution. Because there are 24 hours in a day, he divided the Earth’s 360 degrees by 24, creating 24 time zones separated by 15 degrees. WANT TO RUN YOUR OWN BUSINESS? Publish a

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5. What company advertised its services with the slogan, “When there is no tomorrow”? 6. What did the 26th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution accomplish once it was signed into law in 1971? 7. Who was the last musician to perform at the 1969 Woodstock music festival? 8. What was Phoebe’s twin sister’s name on the TV sitcom “Friends”?

1. How long is a fortnight? 2. In Shakespeare’s play “Julius Caesar,” Shakespeare refers to a clock that chimes the hour. Why is that a problem? 3. In what century did minute hands first appear on clocks? 4. What was the name of the college that was the setting for the movie “Animal House”?

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CLOCK CONFUSION (continued): • Charles Dowd took his time zone plan to a convention of railway superintendents meeting in New York City in 1869. They spent the next 13 years thinking it over. • Finally, at a convention in 1882, the Standard Time system was adopted by the railroads. This divided the U.S. into four time zones: Eastern, Central, Mountain, and Pacific which were divided by the 75th, 90th, 105th, and 120th meridians. At noon on Sunday, November 18, 1883 – a day that became known as “the day with two noons” - the railroads set their clocks to this system. • This was only an agreement among the railroads, but people all over the world recognized the beauty of the system. Leaders from about 25 different nations met in Washington, D.C. on October 13, 1884 at the International Meridian Conference where it was agreed that the longitude line that runs through Greenwich, England, would be the “prime meridian”- zero degrees longitude - and the time would change by one hour for each 15 degrees traveled from that point, known as Greenwich Mean Time. Still, it took Congress years to get around to making the Standard Time Act a matter of American law, on March 19, 1918 — a move they made in conjunction with passing the first Daylight Saving Time, enacted on March 31. DAYLIGHT SAVING • Ben Franklin was the first person to suggest that setting clocks ahead in the spring and behind in the fall would be a wise idea because it would save expensive candles. The thought wasn’t taken seriously until 1907 when a British man named William Willert was riding through the countryside early one morning and noticed that in spite of the full daylight, all the curtains were drawn in the cottages, indicating their occupants were still sound asleep because the clock said it was too early to get up in the morning.

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SPORTS QUIZ

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4. What former Dallas Cowboys player is the only man to win both a Super Bowl 1. Name the kicker who holds ring and an Olympic gold the record for most 50-yard medal? field goals in an NFL season. 5. Which player holds the 2. How many Final Fours did record for the most career Ben Howland guide the UCLA selections to the NBA Allmen’s basketball team to in 10 Star Game? Second most? seasons as head coach? 6. Which NHL team relocated 3. In 2013, Los Angeles Kings from Hartford, Connecticut, goaltender Martin Jones set in 1997? a record for most consecu7. Which NHL team relocated tive victories to start an NHL from Atlanta, Georgia, in career. How many was it? 1980?

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NUGGET OF KNOWLEDGE The word "clock" comes from the Latin clocca meaning bell. When large mechanical clocks were invented in the 14th century, they didn't tell time with a face and hands, but rather by sounding bells on the hour and then eventually on the quarter and half-hour. This time device was called a "clock" because it told time by sounding bells. O'clock, as in 12 o'clock etc., is an abbreviation for "of the clock" or "of the bells." Incidentally, clocca is also the same root that gives us "cloak" which is a coat that is shaped like a bell.

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DAYLIGHT SAVING (continued): • Willert wrote a pamphlet suggesting Britain set its clocks ahead in April, and behind in October. A bill introduced in Parliament in 1909 was ridiculed. However, World War I brought a dire need to conserve coal, and the “British Summer Time Act” was passed in 1916, one year after Willert died. It set the clocks ahead one hour in spring and back one hour in fall. The idea worked so well that Britain put its clocks ahead two full hours during the summers of World War II. • The U.S. followed suit and Daylight Saving Time was enacted for the first time in March of 1918 to conserve fuel for the war effort. It proved to be so unpopular, however, that it was repealed in 1919. It was reinstated during World War II. After the war, some places continued observing it and some didn’t. Those localities that did continue to observe Daylight Saving were not agreed as to which date to set the clocks forward and back again. This caused confusion among the broadcast industries, railroads, bus lines, and airlines. On a single 35mile stretch of highway between West Virginia and Ohio, a traveler went through seven time changes. • The transportation industry, led by Greyhound, lobbied hard to remedy the situation, and in 1966 Congress passed the Uniform Time Act. This law did not make Daylight Saving Time mandatory, but merely said that individual states needed to observe it (or not) on a uniform basis and all on the same date. • Daylight Saving Time is now observed in about 70 countries around the world. Note that it’s singular rather than plural—it’s not Daylight Savings Time, but Daylight Saving Time. A study done by the U.S. Department of Transportation estimated that our nation saves about 1% of its energy for every day DST is in effect. And maybe that makes it worth the effort for Americans to change three billion time pieces twice every year.

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your local agent Medical & agent for Contact Contact your local for more information: moreMedicare information: t for more information: Coverage <Agent Name> Financial Services <Agency Name> <Address> Roger Parkinson • 701-772-1872 H2409, H2410, H2450_2058 (01-2009) <City, ST ZIP> ©2009 Medica. Medica contracts with the federal government. <Phone> 2750 17th Ave. S. • Ste. B • Grand Forks <Hours of Operation> >

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FRI • SAT • SUN - APRIL 25, 26, 27

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NURSE AIDE TRAINING Valley Memorial Homes is screening candidates for the Nurse Aide Training Class held May 5 - 27, 2014 Pick up applications at either: Valley Eldercare Center, 2900 14th Ave. S., GF or 4000 Valley Square, 4000 24th Ave. S., GF valleymemorial.org or call Diana 787-7932 or Jenny 787-7831 * APPLY NOW! * Limited Space Available

IT'S A FACT • There are only three states and one Canadian province that have exempted themselves from Daylight Saving Time. In Hawaii, the length of the days doesn’t change as much as it does on the continent so DST isn’t needed. In Arizona, most of the state does not follow DST with the exception of the Navajo Reservation which does, except for the Hopi Partitioned Land which lies inside the Navajo Reservation, which doesn’t. Things are especially confusing in Indiana where some parts of the state follow DST and some parts do not. To further confuse the issue, some parts of Indiana are on Eastern Standard Time and other parts on Central Standard Time. Saskatchewan also opts out of Daylight Saving because, although they are located in the area for Mountain Standard Time, they observe Central Standard Time, effectively meaning they are on Daylight Saving all year long anyway. WHY ARE THERE 12 HOURS? • The mathematical system of the Sumerians was based on the number 12 just like ours is based on the number 10. Twelve was considered magical because it is the lowest number with the greatest number of divisors. Multiples of the number 12 were also considered notable, especially 60 which can be divided by ten other numbers. The number 360 was also special, since they operated on a 360-day calendar. (That’s why there are 360 degrees in a compass instead of 365.) The Sumerian’s system of weights and measures was based on the number 12, as was their money. And it was the Sumerians who first divided the day into 12 parts, with each segment equal to two of our hours. • Later the Egyptians divided the day into 24 segments instead of 12. And the Babylonians are responsible for our current system of having 60 minutes in an hour and 60 seconds in a minute.

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FAMOUS CANADIANS:

SANFORD FLEMING

• Sanford Fleming was born in Scotland in 1827. As a teen, he was apprenticed as a surveyor, a skill he mastered quickly. He and his brother immigrated to what is now Ontario when he was 18 years old. By 1849 he was qualified as a surveyor in Canada, and he established what he intended to be a school for surveyors, the Royal Canadian Institute. Instead, it became more of a scientific society and it still thrives today. • Fleming’s skill as a surveyor propelled him into work with the railroad which was expanding quickly. By 1855 he was Chief Engineer of the Northern Railway of Canada. He insisted all railroad bridges be made of stone or metal rather than the traditional (and far less expensive) wood. Although it was a controversial move at the time, the decision was justified when the new bridges turned out to be nearly impervious to fire. He subsequently pioneered many other innovative techniques for building railroads. • In 1862, he approached the government with a plan to build a railroad from the Atlantic to the Pacific. The government approved the plan and put him in charge of the project. He set off, along with a few friends and his son, to survey the route. A book written by his travel companion George Monro Grant entitled Ocean to Ocean became a best-seller, and prepared the national mindset for the task of building a transcontinental railway. • Much to his dismay, the government decided they wanted to hire a private contractor to complete the railroad. He was dismissed from his job with a $30,000 pay-out. He was very disappointed. Nevertheless, he was present at the driving of the last spike that completed the railroad. He went on to design the first trans-Pacific cable. The undersea cable from Vancouver to New Zealand and Australia was completed in 1902.

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SUMMER PROGRAMS and EVENTS MAY 15 - AUGUST 15

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MOMENTS IN TIME • On April 8, 563 B.C., Buddhists celebrate the commemoration of the birth of Gautama Buddha, the founder of Buddhism. Gautama Buddha was born as Prince Siddhartha, son of the king of the Sakya kingdom, located on the borders of present-day Nepal and India. • On April 7, 1776, Navy Capt. John Barry, commander of the American warship Lexington, makes the first American naval capture of a British vessel when he takes command of the British warship HMS Edward off the coast of Virginia. • On April 12, 1914, the Mark Strand Theater opens to the public in New York City. The Strand was the first of the "dream palaces." It seated 3,000 people and boasted a second-floor balcony. • On April 9, 1939, Easter Sunday, more than 75,000 people come to the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C., to hear black contralto Marian Anderson give a free concert. Anderson had been scheduled to sing at Washington's Constitution Hall, but the Daughters of the American Revolution denied her the right to perform because of her race.

The History Channel

• On April 11, 1951, President Harry Truman relieves Gen. Douglas MacArthur of command of the U.S. forces in Korea. The firing set off an uproar among the American public, but Truman remained committed to keeping the conflict in Korea limited. Eventually the American people understood that MacArthur's policies might have led to a massively expanded war in Asia. • On April 10, 1963, the USS Thresher, an atomic submarine, sinks in the Atlantic Ocean, killing the entire crew when it unexpectedly plunged to the sea floor 300 miles off the coast of New England. A subsequent investigation revealed that a leak in a silver-brazed joint in the engine room had caused a short circuit. • On April 13, 1970, disaster strikes 200,000 miles from Earth when oxygen tank No. 2 blows up on Apollo 13, the third manned lunar landing mission. The crippled spacecraft continued to the moon, circled it, and began a long journey back to Earth, parachuting safely into the Pacific Ocean on April 17. © 2014 King Features Synd., Inc.

SANFORD FLEMING (continued): • Sanford missed a train in 1876 because the printed train schedule listed p.m. instead of the correct a.m. This infuriated him and he knew something needed to be done to regulate train schedules. At the time, 12:00 p.m. in Kingston was twelve minutes later than 12:00 p.m. in Montréal and thirteen minutes before 12:00 p.m. in Toronto. It was a nightmare for stationmasters, who could not deal with train schedules based on local time. The result was chaos for a transcontinental railway. • At a meeting of the Royal Canadian Institute on February 8, 1879 he advocated for a single world time clock that he called Cosmic Time. He originally thought the new global time system could originate from the center of the planet before deciding that using the meridians to divide the planet into time zones was a better idea. In the U.S., Charles Dowd had proposed this idea to the railroads of America, but Sanford Fleming insisted that not only the railroads but also the entire world should conform to this idea. • Determined to impose a rational order, Fleming spent years browbeating politicians and negotiating with world leaders. Due to his steady efforts and his influence with the railroad, in 1883 the railways of North America adopted the system of one-hour time zones that remains in force today. Because of its simplicity, railway time soon became the standard for the continent. • However, the need remained for global uniformity. When he attended the International Meridian Conference in 1884, most of his concepts were adopted. By 1929, nearly all of the countries of the world conformed to his ideas, leading him to be called “The Father of Standard Time.” • Sanford Fleming was knighted in 1897 on the occasion of Queen Victoria’s Diamond Jubilee. He died in Halifax in 1915, having done all he could to ensure trains ran on time.

Tidbits of Grand Forks/ East Grand Forks is Locally Owned and Operated.

STAR H MAP Draw a star in exactly 10 of the empty squares in the diagram below so that each numbered square accurately indicates how many immediately adjacent squares (horizontally, vertically or diagonally) contain a star.

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TIMEX TIME

• It was 19th-century British author and social reformer John Ruskin who made the following sage observation: "In order that people may be happy in their work, these three things are needed: they must be fit for it; they must not do too much of it; and they must have a sense of success in it." • Before the element helium was known to exist on Earth, scientists discovered that it existed on the sun. The newly discovered element was therefore named helium after the Greek god of the sun, Helios. • If you suffer from odontophobia, you're afraid of teeth. • If you have ever been pregnant (or known someone who has), you might be familiar with a condition sometimes known as "momnesia" or "prego-brain." It seems pretty common for pregnant women to forget names, misplace keys and sometimes even make it to work while still wearing their fuzzy slippers. You might be

surprised to learn that there is science to support the existence of this phenomenon: Brain scans show that during pregnancy, some of the blood flow in a woman's brain shifts from the forebrain, responsible for short-term memory and multitasking, to the hindbrain, which takes care of the basics of survival. So the next time you see a pregnant woman in the grocery store wearing bunny slippers, give her a break; she's building a new person. • A cow was once purchased at auction for $1.3 million. • If you are like the average adult, you will be cheated on one time before you find the person you settle down with. Also, at some point during your dating life you'll be the cheater. * * * Thought for the Day: "A person usually has two reasons for doing something: a good reason and the real reason." -- Thomas Carlyle © 2014 King Features Synd., Inc.

• The campaign touting the product’s indestructibility was begun with golfer Ben Hogan shown with a watch strapped to his club and Mickey Mantle pictured with a watch attached to his Louisville Slugger. But the campaign really gathered speed when the company came out with a display that allowed shoppers to use levers to dunk a watch into water, then drop it on an anvil where it would be struck with a hammer. Such a display, which would have been unseemly in posh jewelry stores, was a hit in local drugstores. • In 1956, John Cameron Swayze started the series of “It keeps a licking and keeps on ticking” torture tests done live on TV. Watches were tossed into paint mixers, attached to surfboards, a racehorse’s leg, and the wrist of a high diver. Professional boxer Rocky Marciano wore a Timex during a punishing boxing routine.

Answer

by Samantha Weaver

• Jewelers, who were accustomed to selling watches for $100 and making a $50 profit, snubbed the new watches. When salesmen hurled the watches against walls to demonstrate their indestructibility, jewelers only thought of all the money they would lose by no longer needing to repair them. So Lehmkuhl sent his salesmen to drugstores and dimestores, where the watches sold well.

Weekly SUDOKU

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Answer

Extra Copies Available at:

King CROSSWORD

DIRECTORY

• Joakim Lehmkuhl was president of the Waterbury Watch Company of Connecticut. He had purchased the small business just before World War II and saw sales soar when they started making timing fuses for the war. When the war ended and sales slumped, Lehmkuhl went looking for new ways to promote watches. After designing an inexpensive and nearly indestructible watch, Lehmkuhl named it Timex and sent his salesmen to jewelry stores to market it for the extraordinarily low price of $6.95.

Professional Home Inspection Service

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Find at least 6 differences in details between panels

DIFFERENCES: 1. Batting cage is missing. 2. Sign is missing. 3. Shirt name is different. 4. Glove is missing. 5. Fence is different. 6. Flagpole is missing. © 2014 King Features Synd., All rights reserved.

TIMEX TIME (continued): • Professional figure skater Barbara Ann Scott DEERE.a JOHN (continued): strapped Timex DEERE. to her skate. Watches were ice cube trays, taped tothat lobster • frozen It wasinwhile living in Illinois Johnclaws nointiced tanks, overthat Grand Coulee Dam, atthetossed problems farmers faced when tached to antoarcher’s tip the thatarea was had shot attempting till soil.arrow Because formerlya been the soil towas rich through pane woodland, of glass, strapped a tackle withand hummus, clumped and clung line cast offwhich a deep-sea fishing boat, toatthe blades of pontoon the plowsoffarmers tached to the a planewere thataccuslanded tomed to using. While repairing a broken ciron water, and swallowed by a farmer’s cow. cular saw, Deere stumbled upon an idea. He In one ad, Swayze stood by as a dolphin tested employed smith of skills to fashion theWorld. steel the watch inhis a series jumps at Marine blade into the shape of a plow. He affixed Another featured Timex watches strapped to twobellies wooden spokes,wrestlers. then hitched device the of Sumo Thenthethere was to a horse. It plowed the heavy Illinois soil the one which showed a psychic with mind like a charm. In fact, a farmer who power that could bend a fork, buthappened couldn’t to be observing the test run immediately put stop a Timex. Another had an opera singer’s in an order for his own John Deere plow. shrill voice shattering every object in the op• era In hall short–order, gave up his blacksmith exceptDeere the watch. shop and focused on making plows. The • For 20 years, John Cameron Swayze sent company grew steadily and added many emwatches through torture tests to demonstrate ployees. In the late 1840s, John relocated the that they “take a licking and keep on ticking.” entire operation to Moline, Illinois. Ashamed However, one commercial was done live on of his own lack of education, John sent his the Steve to Allen strapped Tichildren the Show. state’s Swayze finest schools. Onea of mex to an outboard motor in a tank of water his proudest days occurred when son Charles on the set. After the propeller spinning, earned the equivalent of an MBAquit from Bell’s the watch was nowhere to be found. Swayze Commercial College in Chicago. slogged through the tank swearing, “It worked • perfectly With his son Charles managing the company, during rehearsals!” while Allen John found time to pursue philanthropic inlaughed himself hysterical off-stage. Swayze terests. He co-founded both the First Nationfinally reported the watch was “probably still al Bank and the First Congregational Church. ticking” at the bottom of the tank. He was elected the mayor of Moline in 1873, • Viewers sentofinhis 1,000 a month for where one firstsuggestions actions – the replacenew Bycity’s 1960,open 30%drains of allwith watches sold menttests. of the a sewer were 1963, nearly half pipe Timex. system –Bysaved countless livesthe bywatches reducing the spread disease. sold in the U.S.ofwere from Timex. By 1967, it world’s best-selling watch brand. in • was Thethe original John Deere logo, registered 1876, depicted a deer that was Afri• The slogan “It takes a licking andnative keepstoon tickca. Thirty-six years later, in 1912, it was reing” remains one of the top rated ad campaigns placed with of a North — ranked No.the 40 image by Advertising AgeAmerican on its list white-tailed deer. In the decades that folof the top 100 campaigns of the 20th century. lowed, the now-familiar “outline” logo took Thanks for Reading over as the symbol of the JohnTidbits! Deere brand.

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Some discounts, coverages, payment plans and features are not available in all states or in all GEICO companies. more details. GEICO and Affiliates. Washington DC 20076. GEICO See geico.com for more details. GEICO and Affiliates. Washington DC 20076. GEICO Gecko image © 1999-2013. Gecko image © 1999-2013. © 2013 GEICO.© 2013 GEICO.

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