How Placemaking Can Transform Cities, Projects and Communities Â
June 20th, 2014
What is Placemaking? n
Thoreau said “there is no value in life except what you choose to place upon it and no happiness in any place except what you bring to it yourself.” In this light, Placemaking is a dynamic human function: it is an act of liberation, of staking claim, and of beautification; it is true human empowerment.
Creating a Placemaking Vision for Zaandam Historic Core
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Place Performance Evaluation Exercise
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
7
Current situation!
39 Years of Placemaking n n n n n n n n
44 Countries Over 250 Major Cities 50 U.S. States, 7 Canadian Provinces 3500 Communities 2 Million visitors to our web sites (2013) 36,000 newsletter 32,500 Twitter 36,000 Facebook
William H. (Holly) Whyte n n n n n
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The Organization Man,1956 The Exploding Metropolis, 1958 The Last Landscape, 1968 Plan for the City of New York, 1969 The Social Life of Small Urban Spaces, 1980 City: Rediscovering the Center, 1988
“It’s hard to create a space that will not attract people, what is remarkable, is how often this has been accomplished.”
“One of the best things about water is the look and feel of it…It’s not right to put water before people and then keep them away from it.”
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
“If you want to seed a place with activity, put out food.”
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
“Benches are artifacts, the purpose of which is to punctuate architectural photographs. They are not so good for sitting.”
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Communities Today Office Parks Strip Centers Schools
Churches Hospitals
Parks
Libraries
Community Centers
Theatres/ Museums Malls
City Hall
Parking Lots and Big Roads Unsustainable
Why don’t we have better Public Spaces today? • Fear • Narrow Development Goals • Siloed Disciplines • Project-driven vs. Placedriven Planning • Design Led vs Place Led • Government Structure & Regulations
Transforma)onal Change -‐ ‘Place Led’ approaches Placemaking is the most important strategy that Governments, Developers and Non Profits can adopt to build community capacity and shared outcomes PROJECT LED
Government Announces & Defends
--------------------------------------------
Top Down Government/ Discipline
DISCIPLINE LED PLACE SENSITIVE
Citizen & Community Capacity
Low
PLACE LED Community Leads & Government Facilitates/Implements
Place Leadership
High
We Have to Turn Everything Upside Down - To Get it Right Side Up To Get from Inadequate to Extraordinary
Sustainable Communities of the Future City Hall
Churches Schools Community Centers
Civic Squares Community Gathering Theatres/ Museums Coffee Spaces/Markets
Libraries
Shops
Offices Hospitals
Transit
Phases of Government Evolution by Peter Smith, CEO Adelaide Council, Australia Phase 1: “Big Government”: Siloed, Solution/ politicallyDriven, metrics by programs
Phase 4 “Facilitative Government”: Value measured in community capacity and competency at a holistic level.
What is Placemaking It is a Sacred Community Process It is a Natural, Organic Process It Localizes It is Economic Development It is Scaled to each Community It Creates Social and Place Capital Health and Sustainability
When you focus on a place, you do everything differently.
PLACEMAKING FOR DOWNTOWN DETROIT
Architecture of Place - Past
Detroit: Campus Martius / Cadillac Square
Campus Martius / Cadillac Square
Architecture - Today
Architecture of Place – Future?
Big Ideas = Big Outcomes n n n n n n n n n
People and Products as Primary Focus Power of Ten 10X10X10 =1000 “Small Spaces” __________________________________________ Comfort and Amenities…Welcoming/Friendly Triangulate Streets as Places…To not Thru Localize thru Markets, Local Business, Talent Architecture of Place Public Multi-use Destinations
Detroit Strategies • MAKE THINGS HAPPEN NOW • Short term = 1-4 months. Long term = 2 years. • CREATE ENERGETIC ANCHORS OF ACTIVITY in key locations. Power of 10 • CROWD-SOURCE IDEAS (Digital Placemaking). • MAKE IT A “MOVABLE FEAST” through meet-ups and mobile management teams. • GET LIFE ON THE STREETS to make public spaces safe and attractive, and encourage walking. • BRING THE INSIDE OUT with transparent, visually exciting ground floors and corners that pop-out.
2009
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Power of Ten
1. Gateway between the Plaza and Harvard Yard 2. The South Fence and connection to Harvard Yard 3. NW Plaza Entrance 4. The “Great Lawn” 5. Science Center Outdoor Terrace 6. The “Piazza”
7. Entrance to the Science Center 8. Tanner Fountain 9. Library Arcade 10. NE Plaza Entrance 11. Loker Bar and Beer Garden 12. Memorial Walk 13. Main Walkway 14. Overlooks
Benchmark Plan for Daily Activities - Spring/Summer
Amenities Plan that support Uses & Activities
Central Meeting Place Bean Bags & CafĂŠ Seating
Central Meeting Place Food Trucks & Seating
Tent Area Events & Recreational Activities
Hang Out Spot Fun Seating
Lawn Games Area – Tetherball & Bag Toss
North Grove – Pet Therapy Zoo
Central Meeting Place Giant Chess
Process and Tools How to Look at a Place Place Performance Evaluation Game Power of 10 Digital Placemaking
Placemaking Tools/Process to Transform Communities n Power
of 10
Place Performance Evaluation Game n Placemaking Vision/Plan n Lighter, Quicker, Cheaper as a Development Startegy n Placemaking Concept/Design n Campaign, Community Organizing and Social Media n
The Power of Ten
776
Power of 10
1. Read the paper
2. Window shopping for books
3. Learn about upcoming events
5. Walk
4. Go inside!
10. Have a conversation 6. Sit and relax 7. Read someone else’s book
8. Take a break from a bike ride
9. Pet a dog
Singapore - 10 Sites
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
NYC Destinations 1980
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
10 Destinations Today
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
New York City Transformed: Rockefeller Center Times Square Bryant Park Union Square
Rockefeller Center
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Times Square
Before
Proposed Festival with 46th Street Crossover Times Square
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Bryant Park
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Union Square
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Place Led Perth Cultural Centre, Perth vs.
Design Led Lincoln Center, NYC Sherbourne Commons, Toronto
Perth Cultural Centre
2009 Placemaking Activation Plan
Before
After
1
2
Before
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
After
Before
After
Before
After
After
After
Stakeholder Aspirations We want to turn ourselves “inside out” and be “of” the Centre not just “in” the Centre” Western Australian Museum n Porous, sticky and a “wonder” Art Gallery of Western Australia n Our ground floor is a public space that could be the “town hall” - State Library n
Lincoln Center New York City
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Loca;on: Upper West Side of ManhaBan, NYC Size: 16.3 acre campus Date Opened: Most buildings and performance halls opened in the 1960s Management En;ty: Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts, Inc. (LCPA)
Design Led Sherbourne Common, Toronto
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Museumplein Discussion/Game From Formal/Tourist Focused Big Events Toward Diverse/Dynamic/Exciting Community Driven
127
Current situation!
N 530 V
Bryant Park, NYC
Museumplein, Amsterdam
Paris - Luxembourg Gardens
Triangulation
N 530 V
Bryant Park, NYC
Museumplein, Amsterdam
Bryant Park
BRYANT PARK
BRYANT PARK
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Southwest Porch
Entrance
Carousel/Games
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Kunstragarten, Stockholm, Sweden
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Lighter, Quicker, Cheaper n n n n
Comfort, Amenities & Public Art Activation Events Interim Public Spaces Light Development
Brooklyn - Dumbo
Case Study: Paris Plage
Paris Plage 2013
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Paris - les Berges 2013
How To Evaluate A Place Sociability
Comfort & Image
Place
Access & Linkages
Uses & Activities
Access & Linkages § Convenient § Walkable § Continuity § Proximity § Connected § Enticing
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Uses & Activities • Fun/Vital • Active • Indigenous • Sustainable • Affordable • Challenging
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Comfort & Image • Attractive • Unique • Usable • Maintained • Historic • “Green” • Safe • Friendly
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Sociability • Welcoming • Interactive • Neighborliness • Pride • Diversity • Stewardship
How to Look at a Place?
Key Attributes Intangibles Measurements
street life evening use volunteerism Welcoming Cooperative Neighborly
business ownership property values land-use patterns retail sales Fun Active Vital Special Real
uses & activities
sociability PLACE access & linkages Connected Walkable Convenient Accessible transit usage pedestrian activity parking usage patterns
comfort & image Safe Charm Clean Attractive Historic crime stats sanitation rating building conditions PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES environmental data
"Place Game" Evaluation Process 1.
Break up into teams
2.
Go to your designated site where you fill out the Place Game form individually
3.
Convene with your teammates and choose a “recorder” to summarize team’s findings on one form
4.
Return to room and finish summarizing findings and ideas on flipchart
5.
Pick a present and report out
Questions to Think About n
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Should Museumplein be a place for big events or be broken up into multiple places or smaller spaces? Restrictions of being an area for demonstrations (no obstacles allowed) Who are you trying to attract? How do we get a better balance between local and international visitors Make the place nice for families with children? What kind audiences? Cultural festivals? Should it become an 18 hour destination? What about a winter place? What level of commercial activity should there be? Markets? Expositions? Food clusters? What about sports expositions? A month long event like Paris Plage? A more flexible, year around space like les Berges? Arms of the octopus to the Pijp, Vondelpark and PC Hooft shopping area Involvement of Spiegelkwartier antique shops PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Characteristics of Great Public Spaces • Good places breed healthy activity. • People attract people attract people. • When you focus on place, you do everything differently. • It takes many disciplines and skills to create a place. • It takes a community to create a place. • Amenities that make a place comfortable are critical. • You can’t know what you are going to end up with. • Each place has its own identity. • You can’t have anything less than excellence. • You have to have zealous nuts. • It has to be a…
Campaign/Movement Community Organizing Develop a vision
Become great communicators
Attack Complacency
Organize a strong team
Search for impediments
Produce short term wins
Take on bigger challenges
Connect change to the culture of the community
People Who Make Dramatic Change By John Kotter
Convergence of Movements/Agendas Community Development
Smart Growth
Civil Society/ Democracy Building
Public Health and the Built Environment
Place
Sustainable Agriculture
City Revitalization Historic Preservation
Global Warming
Streets as Places
We Have to Turn Everything Upside Down - To Get it Right Side Up To Get from Inadequate to Extraordinary
Zealous Nuts Return of Common Sense Natural, Organic, Intuitive, Time Honored
Leaders (Zealous Nuts) are visionaries with a poorly developed sense of fear and no concept of the odds against them‌ They make the impossible happen - Dr. Robert Jarvik
UPCOMING CONFERENCES! Future of Places Conference: Streets as Public Spaces & Drivers of Urban Prosperity September 1-3, 2014, Buenos Aires, Argentina 2nd Annual Placemaking Leadership Council Meeting September 8-9, 2014, Pittsburgh, PA Pro Walk/Pro Bike/Pro Place 2014 September 8-11, 2014, Pittsburgh, PA 9th International Public Markets Conference March 26-28, 2015, Barcelona, Spain
Stay in Touch
pps.org @PPS_Placemaking ProjectforPublicSpaces