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Off-ice training plays a vital role in the development of hockey players. USA Hockey follows the Long Term Athletic Development principles as the basis of their program. These principles will assist in creating a more consistent training regimen. Today’s training programs should not be based on how hard the program is, but by what goals are in mind and how are you progressing. When training for a sport, the program should be devised with the following in mind:

• Is the program age-specific?

• Is the program based on meeting the demands of the sport which the athlete plays?

• Are proper techniques and mechanics being taught?

• Does the program include fundamental movements that progress to more complex ones?

• Does the program address injury prevention exercises that relate to the sport?

Now that we have covered some of the basics, here’s where it gets tricky. Should a goalie train like a skater? They both play the same game, so can we train them the same off the ice? Let’s look at the movements each player will go through during a game. A forward predominantly skates forwards, weaving and turning as they skate up the ice. A defenseman will skate backwards more than the forwards during a game. Both will utilize a crossover step while turning as well. There is one main component that is similar with skaters — they mainly skate north and south in a linear pattern.

Now, let’s look at how a goalie moves. Their movement is more lateral in fashion, moving from post to post, not to mention dropping into a butterfly and getting back up on their skates quickly. It’s pretty obvi ous that the demands on a goalie are pretty different than a skater during a game. So if the demands are different, shouldn’t the training program be different? That’s not to say that there will not be a lot of crossover in the training program, but that there are certain aspects that need to be addressed. This isn’t always as easy as it sounds. Many teams train together and it can be difficult for the strength coach to modify the program for the goalies, but it should be noted and modified as much as possible.

Now that we have deciphered that the demands on a goalie are different than a skater and that their programs should also be different, what should be the focus of the program?

The program needs keep in mind the age and level of the athlete. Exercises that are good for one goalie may be too complex for another. Always begin simple, then as the athlete masters the exercise, make it more difficult. Adding resistance, placing the athlete on an unstable surface or making the movement more complex are all good examples of how to make the training more difficult.

Below are some of the basic principles that should be included in a goalie dryland program:

• Agility exercises that focus on lateral movement

• Plyometric exercises that focus on lateral movement

• Single leg and hip strengthening exercises

• Core stability

• Shoulder strengthening and stability exercises

• Hand-eye coordination

There is an unlimited amount of exercises that can be used with goalies that will improve performance on the ice. Using the principles previously mentioned, here are some key exercises that can be implemented into your goalie training program.

• Lateral lunges

• Lateral bounds

• Resisted shuffles

• Mini band exercises for hip strength

• Rear foot elevated split squats

• Medicine ball Russian twists

• Dumbbell forward, diagonal and lateral shoulder raises

• Dumbbell rows

• Alternate ball toss with partner

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The way you train off the ice directly impacts the way you perform on the ice. Take a step by step approach with long term athletic development in mind. Have goals in mind with proper technique and progression as the basis of your program to maximize performance and limit injuries.

Chris Phillips is the owner of Compete Sports Performance and Rehab in Orange County, Calif. Chris was an athletic trainer in the NHL with the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim and Washington Capitals and was the athletic trainer for the Czech Republic Figure Skating Team at the 2022 Winter Olympics. He can be reached at chris@competeperformance.com.

The time for offseason hockey training is upon us.

At this point of the year, the focus should shift to how we can improve and make gains for next season. Almost every hockey player I work with wants to get stronger and get faster.

Following a proper training plan designed by a professional coach can help you achieve both of these goals.

As the current season ends, players should limit their time on the ice and focus on a corrective exercise program to address last season’s injuries, as well as mobility work and taking a mental break from the game. The next phase would be to start building a good strength foundation and cardiovascular efficiency. The intensity of the workouts will increase as you get closer to the opening of next season. Speed, agility, and quickness (SAQ) drills in a dryland setting will be used in conjunction with the weight lifting program and on-ice practice.

Today’s article will touch upon the speed aspect of your training.

“But coach, I hate running!” I get it. But the science is clear in that good running mechanics can increase speed and translate to faster skating. I know, skating is not running. I get that, too. What proper running mechanics can do is teach the hockey player how to produce force into the ice, thereby increasing the power of their stride. We then can work on the stride frequency within a given distance. Increased force plus the increased frequency equals increased speed.