Revisioning A Music City BrownďŹ eld A Project in Nashville, TN Michael P. Schumann Department of Landscape Architecture University of Minnesota MLA Capstone Book 2013
CAPSTONE
Healthy Nature + Healthy People
Cumberland River
Nashville
“When we expand our definition of ecology to include people and cultural values, and recognize that human activity is part of any ecosystem we touch, the question becomes not ‘how do we strike a balance between nature and culture?’ but ‘how do we interact with nature in a way that is both meaningful and sustainable’?” – Bridging the Divide between Man and Nature
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Capstone Committee Mathew Tucker John Koepke Patrick Nunnally
Acknowledgements Vincent deBritto Rebecca Krinke
Special Thanks Courtney Hoff Family and Friends
Page 1
CONTENTS Introduction..................... 3-4
Active Programming...................... 29-33
Project Context............... 5-10
Active Flood Management.......... 34-38
Site Context................... 11-12
Floodplain Preservation................ 39-40
Site Analysis................... 13-18
Livable Community......................... 41-44
Regional Analysis......... 19-20
Precedents................................................ 45
Regional Phasing......... 21-22
Bibliography...................................... 46-47
Master Plan.................... 23-24 Process............................ 25-26 Site Phasing................... 27-28 Page 2
INTRODUCTION One issue that has received extensive political support in recent years has been the clean-up and reuse of under-utilized brownfield sites in urban areas. Brownfields are defined as, “a property, the expansion, redevelopment, or reuse of which may be complicated by the presence or potential presence of a hazardous substance, pollutant, or contaminant” (EPA, 2012). The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency classifies several different categories of Brownfield sites, as a result of their characteristics and past usage. For the purpose of this project, the specific focus was on “industrial” brownfields. This category represents sites both currently or once used, for all forms of manufacturing and heavy industrial purposes (EPA, 2012). In addition, the project scope was further narrowed by focusing primarily on industrial brownfield sites that reside along the riverfronts of densely populated metropolitan cities. Industrial brownfields are scattered throughout the country and are a common characteristic belonging to many of the major cities. Left-over results from shrinking cities and declining industry, these highly degraded sites are often perceived as blemishes in the landscape. For years these landscapes have been the symbol of contamination, environmental degradation, and barriers of disconnect between cities and their riverfronts. Now, with greater impacts of climate change, the need for new urban growth, and a growing desire to improve the quality of life within cities, planners and policy-makers have been paying a significant amount of more attention to brownfield sites. With increasing interest, the transformations of brownfield sites are continually being addressed to identify their most sustainable and efficient reuse. The general focus of policy-making and development efforts has been on redeveloping brownfield sites for industrial, commercial, or residential uses, that focus on providing economic benefits. However, there has been a growing recognition that brownfields hold enormous potential for “greening” city environments, through the implementation of parks, trails, greenways, and other open spaces (De Sousa, 2006). By reclaiming and giving them back to the public, brownfield sites offer an opportunity to breathe new life into the image and quality of cities. More importantly, they provide an opportunity for landscape ecology and design to be used as a tool to develop a harmonious connection between people, place, and the environment.
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INTRODUCTION This project began with my combined interests in turning brownfields into green space, reconnecting cities to their riverfronts, and the significance of parks in designing healthier communities that promote both ecosystem and human health. More specifically, I deeply wondered how floodplains located within an urban area, readily developed by industry, could be transformed into an amenity for an entire city. In addition, how through the use of strategic design, the redevelopment of these sites could serve as a catalyst for addressing both environmental and health crises within a city, as well as serve as a model for the future redevelopment of similar sites. This led me to ask the question:
Can an industrial brownfield be transformed into a valued urban open space that is both culturally and ecologically significant?
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CONTEXT
Cumberland River
Nashville
NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE The city of Nashville was chosen due to its dynamic nature. In addition, the city provided the right combination for exploring my research question. Nashville is increasingly becomming one of the most popular cities to live in. As a result, it is growing and diversifying at a rapid rate and the city is continually looking for ways to improve the quality of living for its citizens. Developed in within planning initiatives, major improvements within the city are focused on addressing two key health crises. The first, an environmental health crisis regarding the Cumberland River. The second, a public health crisis regarding the rapid rise of chronic health diseases in within the city. Page 5
CONTEXT ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH CRISIS From the start of its first settlement, the city of Nashville has always been oriented alongside the banks of the Cumberland River. However, since the 1930s, the relationship between the city and its riverfront has primarily been a working one. Positioned in a prime regional location, Nashville became a focus for industry. As a result from necessary access to the river for required transportation of goods, an industrial presence has both privatized and dominated the river’s edge. During the 1960s, another surge of industrialization swept across Nashville. In the 1962 aerial of the Downtown area, the construction of the I-24 bridge can be obsereved, The development of the highway system brought with it new capabilities, and more industries began to concentrate along the riverfront. This was to take advantage of the ability to ship goods and materials regionally by barge, rail, and now truck.
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CONTEXT
The highly developed floodplains of the Cumberland River have caused adverse effects on the river’s ecological health and the economics of the city.
Page 7
CONTEXT PUBLIC HEALTH CRISIS
1
INACTIVITY IN THE U.S.
Nashville has a rich and diverse culture unlike any other city. However, present within that culture is a high level of inactivity. Tennessee has rapidly become one of the most obese states in the U.S., and Nashville is a direct representation of that. Within his plans for the city, Mayor Ness has declared that one of his main goals is to have Nashville become the “Healthiest City in the South� With this declaration, the Metropolitan Planning Organization and the Nashville Civic Design Center have begun to find ways to improve the quality and the well-being of the city and its citizens.
62
M I L L I O N P E O P L E A R E I N AC T I V E I N T H E U N I T E D S TAT E S
30% to <100%
25% to <30%
20% to <25%
15% to <20%
10% to <15%
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CONTEXT 2 UNHEALTHY COSTS IN THE U.S.
4 AN ALARMING NASHVILLE...
20
20
10
2000 2010
3
20% PROJECTED
ANNUAL HEALTH COSTS - % OF G.D.P.
17.8%
RISING CHRONIC DISEASE
10
1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
LEAST ACTIVE STATE IN THE U.S.
>50% TENNESSEE RANKS 1st IN HAVING THE MOST INACTIVE PEOPLE IN THE U.S. WITH OVER 50% OF THE POPULATION NOT MEETING PHYSICAL ACTIVITY GUIDELINES
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60% 60% OF ADULTS NOT MEETING ACTIVITY GUIDELINES
71% 71% OF ADOLESCENTS NOT MEETING ACTIVITY GUIDELINES
CONTEXT RAPID GROWTH PATTERN Nashville: Race and Ethnicity
Nashville: Age Distribution White - 75%
Under 18 - 23.7% 18 to 24 - 9.4% 25 to 44 - 30.9% 45 to 64 - 25.2% 65 or older - 10.8%
African American - 16% Asian - 2.3% Other/Multiple Races - 5.6% Data from U.S. Census, 2010
The
greater Nashville region is projected to grow signifi-
cantly over the next couple of decades. Across the 10-county
Data from U.S. Census, 2010
1965 Development Pattern 750,000 People
Todayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Development Pattern 1,700,000 People
2035 Development Pattern 2,600,000 People
Nashville Region, the Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO)
a million more people will call Middle Tennessee home by the year 2035, growing from 1,639,245 to 2,600,000 people. The city of Nashville is currently at 626,681 people, and is expected to experience at least an 18.1% increase in population (MPO, 2012). forecasts that close to
Nashville Area MPO
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SITE CONTEXT
LP FIELD
EAST NASHVILLE
DOWNTOWN
ROLLING MILL DEVELOPMENT
SITE LOCATION The site is a 75 acre industrial brownfield located along Nashville’s east bank of the Cumberland River. It’s half-mile shoreline lies in full view of the downtown area, and for many people, it is the first glimpse of Nashville they see upon arriving in the city. The site is located within a unique triangle created by two transport flows and the cumberland river; the river presents as the most dominant natural element on-site. Neighboring to the Northwest of the site is LP Field, the Tennessee Titan’s football stadium. To the Northeast, is the historic neighborhood of East Nashville. This is a high profile site in the eyes of the city, the proper redevelopment of this site offers potential for it to become a vibrant new destination for the citizens of Nashville. Page 11
SITE CONTEXT MAJOR ISSUES The site is currently being used for industrial purposes such as oil refinery, recycled steel and machine storage. The property is divided amongst several different owners, most of which have resided for many years. Due to its location and current use, there were three major issues/constraints that needed to be addressed when dealing with the site: BROWNFIELD CONTAMINATION
FLOODING
A DISCONNECT WITH THE RIVER AND THE ADJACENT NEIGHBORHOODS
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SITE ANALYSIS
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SITE ANALYSIS
Potentially Contaminated Area Fill Areas Site Boundary
CONDITIONS OF CONTAMINATION When addressing the site’s industrial area along the East Bank of the Cumberland River, it is the contamination that represents the most significant problem for its reuse. The entire site is classified as an “industrial” brownfield by both the state and federal government. This category represents sites used for all forms of manufacturing and heavy industrial purposes, including oil storage, refineries, steel and iron manufacturing,
CONTAMINANTS
DESCRIPTION
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)
Organic compounds that easily become vapors or gasses. Can escape/be emitted from soil over time when sun and hot temperatures react with the contaminants in the soil
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)
A class of organic compounds identified as exhibiting highly toxic and hazardous properties found in petroleum and emissions from fossil fuel utilization, storage, and conversion processes
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPHs)
A bituminous liquid that may vary from almost colorless to black, is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons, and associated with refining processes
Lead (Pb)
Chemical element in the carbon group, is a soft, malleable poor heavy metal
to automobile scrap yards and repairs (EPA, 2012). The current site is comprised of mixed uses ranging from steel manufacturing and recycling to oil refinery and storage. Before LP Field, the Titans Stadium was built, the adjacent land was also considered an “industrial” brownfield site. Some of the adjacent land uses were concrete processing, gravel storage, railcar maintenance, and heavy machinery repair (MDHA, 2000). There are several areas on-site that have been filled in and regraded to provide more suitable conditions for industrial purpose and the building of the highway. Looking at historical land-use maps from 1908, both established wetland and ripar-
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SITE ANALYSIS
Damage to Central Nevous System Eye, Nose, and Throat Irritation Respiratory Illness Kidney Failure Liver Damage Skin Irritation Nausea and Damage to Digestive System Blood Infection
The contaminants present on-site pose human health risks and must be addressed before any intended future reuse of the property can occur
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ian habitats were filled in (MDHA, 2000). It is likely to assume that the fill used for these projects was from the surrounding area and also highly contaminated. Assessments of industrial properties similar to current and adjacent uses often reveal the presence of petroleum contamination, VOCs, PAHs, Lead, and other metals. Addressing soil and groundwater issues are of high priority because they are the most common media affected by these types of contaminants (EPA, 2012). The potential contaminants pose risks not only to the environment, but to human health as well. It is necessary to clean-up the site and make it safe for its intended future use. How the contamination is cleaned up is determined by the intended future use of the property and the level of contamination present. The measure and process of the site clean-up will be paralleled to the federal governmentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s standards for open space reuse.
SITE ANALYSIS FLOOD CONDITIONS
415
The Cumberland River has several distinct water level stages. This is a direct result of the highly regimented pool system of locks and dams, managed by the Army Corp of Engineers. The three pools that span the downtown Nashville area are managed for three main purposes: to maintain the desired water levels for both the Barkley and Old Hickory Reservoirs, a minimum water level for commercial barge traffic and recreational boating, as well as to regulate flooding.
410 406 405
400
395 392 390 388 385
380 Oh
Water Elevation Records
Riv
er
y
le
rk
Ba ke La
B M arkl ile ey 30 Lo .6 ck Lif t5 7’
io
KY TN
1989 1993 1997 2001 2005
Old Hickor y Lake Old Hickory Lock Mile 216.2 Lift 60’
Cumberland River Pool Management
ck 6’ Lo ft 2 i am L th 8.7 a e 14 Ch ile M
Nashville
Cordell Hull Lock Mile 313.5 Lift 59’
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SITE ANALYSIS As a result of the highly managed river system, the Cumberland Riverâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s hydrologic regime takes on a lake typology, and not that of a river. The water levels drastically change due to experienced wet periods and large rain events. This occurs as the Army Corp of Engineers attempt to regulate the above and below reservoirs, in addition to receiving the stormwater from many outfalls that collect from a large, highly developed, and highly impervious subwatershed.
100yr Floodplain
Within a 36-hour period, the water level of the pool that flows through downtown Nashville can rise/fall as drastically as 30 feet. With two-thirds of the East River Site within the 100-floodplain, growing fears of climate change coupled with an increasingly densifying metro area are becomining to make the issues of flooding harder to ignore. 65% OF SITE LIES WITHIN 100-YEAR FLOODPLAIN
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SITE ANALYSIS AN INDUSTRIAL EDGE An industrial sized floodwall has been constructed along the banks of the Cumberland River to prevent the industrial lands from flooding. The adverse effects of this decision has both visually and physically disconnect people from the river.
418
100yr Flood
406 400
Once every few years Annually for short period
392 388
Water is below 80% of year Normal water level
416
418
Top of floodway
100yr Flood
416
Top of floodway
392 388
Water is below 80% of year Normal water level
406 400
Once every few years Annually for short period
500-yr 100-yr
520’ - 0”
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REGIONAL ANALYSIS Analyzing the open space along the Cumberland River from both an environmental and a recreational perspective, it is evident that there is a large void/disconnect in the downtown area of Nashville from the existing regional network. This offers a great potential to provide open space within the downtown area and develop connections along the river corridor. EXISTING OPEN SPACE OPEN SPACE
EXISTING OPEN SPACE EXISTING GREENWAY OPEN SPACE TRINITY PARK
EXISTING GREENWAY
TAYLOR FARM
PEELER PARK
TED RHODES PARK
SHELBY GOLF COURSE
TWO RIVERS GOLF COURSE
SHELBY BOTTOMS
STONE RIVER PARK
CAPTIAL MALL PARK
VE R
ER
L
RI
V RI
BE R CU M
D AN
E
SITE AREA
N
DOWNTOWN
COOK PARK
O ST
SHELBY PARK
RIVERFRONT PARK
LA
ND
RI
ER
BE R CU M
V RI
SITE AREA
E
VE R
N
O ST
DOWNTOWN
J. Percy Priest Reservoir
CENTENNIAL PARK 0.5
1.0
2.0
J. Percy Priest Reservoir
Miles
0.5 Miles
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1.0
2.0
REGIONAL ANALYSIS CONNECTIVITY/OPEN SPACE DEVOID
OPEN SPACE 100-YR FLOODPLAIN INDUSTRIAL LAND
AP P
RO XI M AT
Y EL
0 3.
M
S ILE
Further analyzing the open space devoid that exists within the downtown area, the large voids seem to be the result of the highly developed floodplains. There is also a shortage of pedestrian access across the river from West to East, as well in the amount of interconnected bicycle routes.
CONNECTIVITY/ OPEN SPACE DEVOID
DOWNTOWN
SITE AREA
S ILE AP 5M PRO XIMATELY 1.
DISCONNECTED NEIGHBORHOODS WITH OPEN SPACE DEVOID
0.5
1.0
2.0
Miles
The west bank of the Cumberland River, or the downtown side, has many open space amenities for those who work, live, and play in the area. However, East Nashville Neighborhood, on the east bank of the river is lacking sufficient open space. In addition, the readily developed industrial floodplains create a physical disconnect from accessing the river and continuing an open space corridor.
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NASHVILLE’S URBAN OASIS
REJUVENATE
ACTIVATE
CELEBRATE
REGIONAL PHASING ESTABLISHING A FOUNDATION FOR THE HEALTH PROMOTION AND CREATION OF WELL-BEING FOR NASHVILLE, THROUGH DEVELOPING A COHESIVE OPEN SPACE NETWORK
PROJECT FRUITION: 2050
EXISTING PROPOSED OPEN SPACE
EXISTING OPEN SPACE
PROPOSED EXISTING GREENWAY
COMPLETED LINEAR GREENWAY SYSTEM RUNNING ALONG THE CUMBERLAND RIVER AND THROUGH DOWNTTOWN NASHVILLE
SITE AREA DOWNTOWN
0.5 Miles
Page 21
1.0
2.0
REGIONAL PHASING CITY-WIDE PLANNING ALLOWS THE SITE TO BECOME:
PHASE 1: 2014-2018
PROPOSED OPEN SPACE
EXISTING OPEN SPACE
RECLAIM OVER 75% OF FLOODPLAIN TO PROVIDE 55+ ACRES OF OPEN SPACE ALONG .5 MILES OF RIVERFRONT
100-YR FLOODPLAIN
INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT EXISTING GREENWAY
THE CRITICAL LINK FOR COMPLETING A 12+ MILE INTERCONNECTED OPEN SPACE CORRIDOR SYSTEM A MODEL FOR TRANSFORMING INDUSTRIAL FLOODPLAINS INTO A LANDSCAPE THAT PROMOTES BOTH A HEALTHY COMMUNITY AND ENVIRONMENT
DOWNTOWN
A CATALYST, ACTING AS THE NUCLEUS FOR ACTIVATING NASHVILLE THROUGH ACCESSIBLE OUTDOOR RECREATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES
PHASE 2: 2014-2025
PROPOSED OPEN SPACE
EXISTING PROPOSED OPEN SPACE
EXISTING OPEN SPACE
100-YR FLOODPLAIN
RECLAIM AN ADDITIONAL 82 ACRES OF RIVERFRONT T BROWNFIELDS TO CONNECT SITE WITH THE LARGER SHELBY BOTTOMS REGIONAL CORRIDOR
NEW GREENWAY
INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT EXISTING GREENWAY
0.5
1.0
2.0
Miles
PHASE 3: 2025-2050
PROPOSED OPEN SPACE
RECLAIM REMAINING INDUSTRIAL FLOODPLAIN AREAS FOR RIPARIAN HABITAT/URBAN OPEN SPACE
EXISTING PROPOSED OPEN SPACE
EXISTING OPEN SPACE
100-YR FLOODPLAIN
NEW GREENWAY
INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT EXISTING GREENWAY
RETROFIT LP STADIUM WITH STORMWATER INFRASTRUCTURE AND URBAN CANOPY
DOWNTOWN
DOWNTOWN
0.5 Miles
1.0
2.0
0.5
1.0
2.0
Miles
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MASTER PLAN
21 20 22 25 28 19
22
24 26
11
13
18 02
04
10
05
14 08
09
01. 02. 03. 04. 05. 06. 07.
Flood Forest Canopy Walk Recreational Fields Cayce Kayak Landing Festival Grounds/Market Railway Plaza Volleyball Courts The Flats - Lawn Area
08. 09. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21.
Repurposed Oil Tanks River Terraces / River Taxi Nashville B-Cycle Bike Hub Stormwater Park Promenade Overlook Formal Gardens Multi-Use Rec Fields Outdoor Classroom Rock Climbing Wetland Boardwalk Cumberland “Play Park” Artisan workshops/programs Community Gardens Grocery Store / Hotel Quad
22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27.
Mountain Biking / Hiking Trails Pocket Park Mixed Use Development Community Plaza Sport Centric Facilities/Arena Community Center
16 15
07
01
06
17
12
03
0’
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RLAND
CUMBE
150’
450’
RIVER
MASTER PLAN MASTER PLAN The proposed master plan for the site continues with the existing Cumberland Riverfront masterplan. It encompasses the entirety of the 72 acres providing a strong connection between the riverfront park and the livable community. A large promenade cohesively connects as well as activates the site with its surroundings. The 100-year floodplain contour was manipulated to provide a clear and cohesive demarcation throughout the park, for which areas are located within the floodplain, and which of those are not. It serves as both a visual and physical key within the landscape, connecting not only the programs within the park, but the citizens of Nashville to needs of the River. The focus of the design is around activating the site through multi-functional spaces to provide an array of programs that cater to the rich culture of Nashville. The goal of the design is to activate the floodplain, in a healthy and sustainable way for the city and its citizens, as well as serve as a model for future riverfront brownfield devdevelopments along the Cumberland River.
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PROCESS MAJOR DESIGN MOVES REMEDIATE & REPURPOSE
ACTIVATE
Remediate site to remove contamination
Activate the site by establishing a diverse recreation-centric program
Repurpose and adapt existing infrastructure to evoke industrial past
Activate all conditions: upland, lowland, and edge
Maintain Music City regional bike trail
MANAGE FLOODING
BUILD A HEALTHY & LIVABLE COMMUNITY
Establish both a physical and visual harmony between park program and flooding
Build a mixed-use development based on sustainable practices
Manipulate 100-year floodplain to achieve active flood management Integrate sustainable stormwater management practices
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Create multi-functional spaces to promote healthy activity both seasonally and diurnally
Establish strong connections between the development and the park Establish strong connections with the adjacent neighborhoods and amenities
PROCESS
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SITE PHASING PROJECT PHASING
SITE PHASE: 1
SITE PHASE: 2
SITE PHASE 3
REMOVE CONTAMINATED STRUCTURES. CONTAMINATED SOIL EXCAVATION. WETLAND CREATION. REPURPOSE EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURE
SOIL CLEANING/PLACEMENT AND LANDFORMS. CIRCULATION INFRASTRUCTURE. VEGETATE. BEGIN DEVELOPMENT
DEVELOPMENT. PEDESTRIAN BRIDGE. ACTIVATE THROUGH PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION.
The site phasing will be sequenced in a manner that will allow visitors to access the site during the phasing process. This will allow the citizens of Nashville to understand the massive transformations that will be occuring on-site, in addition to activating it as soon as possible. The areas of excavation are in direct response to highly contaminated areas on the site. The landforms are a reflection of pristine views, access points, and program requirements. The circulation, active program, and development serves as the main economic driver, with which then as a result, the ability to address the enviornmental integrity of the site can occur. Page 27
SITE PHASING
CIRCULATION Circulation throughout the site has been transformed to have a pedestrian-centric focus. An increased amount of pedestrian circulation throughout the site directly connects the development with the park. The regional Music City bike trail will remain to not only enhance the recreational connections throughout the East Nashville Neighborhoods, but to also provide the readily accessible opportunities to connect with the regional open space corridor. A bike hub will be located within the park to allow visitors to rent and perform maintenance on their bicycles. This will allow the park to serve as a cohesive part of the larger trail system. The newly proposed pedestrian bridge across Interstate I-24 will provide a cohesive connection between the site and the adjacent neighborhoods.
Primary Pedestrian Circulation Secondary Pedestrian Circulation Music City Regional Bike Trail Proposed Vehicular Circulation Proposed Bus Routes
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ACTIVE PROGRAMMING Industrial Plaza
MUSIC CITY BIKE TRAIL RAIL CAR VENDORS PRESERVE EXISTING RAIL TRACKS BMX BIKE & SKATE PARK B-CYCLE BIKE HUB & CAFE LANDFORM OPEN-AIR MEDITATION & VIEWING PLATFORM KOREAN VETERAN MEMORIAL OVERPASS RIVER TAXI DOCK TERRACES OPEN LAWN
C
B
A
OIL STORAGE TANKS MEADOW PLANTING PERFORMANCE SPACE PIER
0’
THAT WAS THEN! [INDUSTIRAL USE]
THIS IS NOW! [PARK USE]
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OIL TANKS
RAIL SPURS
VIEWING PLATFORM & WORKOUT SPACE
CIRCULATION PATHS
SCRAP METAL
PLAZA MATERIALS
75’
225’
RAIL CARS
PILLARS
CONCRETE BLOCKS
CARGO CONTAINER
FOOD VENDORS
ROCK CLIMBING
SEATING
EQUIPMENT STORAGE LOCKERS
ACTIVE PROGRAMMING ACTIVE PROGRAMMING The active programming of the park is focused around providing as many opportunities for visitors to be active. Multi-functional spaces allow different programs to occur through out the day, from day to day, as well as change seasonally. The second focus of the programming is to incorporate and repurpose as much of the existing infrastructure as possible. The site is a rich blend of nature and industry, modern and old. Through repurposing existing infrastructure, the site maintains the remnance of the industrial character.
SECTION - A
SECTION - B
SECTION - C
0’
10’
30’
0’
10’
30’
0’
10’
30’
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ACTIVE PROGRAMMING Year-Round Park Program JAN DEC
FEB or Rec Leagues Indo
Seasons
MAR
NOV
sh f Na eo ttl
Turke yT ro
Ba ash yD Da
on as se e
APR
Biking
A
Su m
Tit an ’s Pr
s rd wa
M
Fla gf
l tiva Fes Volleyball
JUL
LP Field
Walk/Jog CM A
t Fes Pig ll a y t tb Ci oo ic us
Kayaking
Fishing Seasons
JUN
AUG
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Events/Festivals
M e mo ria l
SEP
Sport Leagues
River Taxi
hts Lig er m
Titan’s Regular Sea son
t
ate Frisbee Ultim
OCT
Fest Blues City sic Mu
Oktob erfe st
Avg. Temperature
MAY
Migration
ACTIVE PROGRAMMING
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ACTIVE FLOOD MANAGEMENT
ACTIVE FLOOD MANAGEMENT The new landscape of the park is a paradigm of a modern flood-control project, integrated with a major recreation park. Furthermore, it assures nature a place in the center of Nashville. The main infrastructure of the park is the underlying topography. It provides the underlying structural spine for the design of the park and the flood management. Large terraced banks and landforms create the obviously manmade and a river-influenced backbone for the riverbank landscape. The second overlay for the park consists of the plan for open spaces, events and habitat restoration along the river, these places harmoniously blend the uses of humans and nature.
C
B
A D
4â&#x20AC;&#x2122; Contour
NEW LANDSCAPE TOPOGRAPHY
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ACTIVE FLOOD MANAGEMENT
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ACTIVE FLOOD MANAGEMENT Flood Forest
418’
EXISTING EDGE CONDITION
406’ 400’ 392’ 388’ Section A
0’
10’
30’
0’
10’
30’
The Flats
418’
EXISTING EDGE CONDITION
406’ 400’ 392’ 388’ Section B
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ACTIVE FLOOD MANAGEMENT Park Edge
EXISTING EDGE CONDITION
418’
Section C
0’
10’
30’
Overlook Plaza & Pier
418’
EXISTING EDGE CONDITION
406’ 400’ 392’ 388’ Section D
0’
10’
30’
Page 36
ACTIVE FLOOD MANAGEMENT STRUCTURAL EDGES The design of several of the major pedestrian oriented infrastructural elements serve as a levee to actively manage the flood stages of the Cumberland River.
Reinforced Pathway
Floodwall Reinforcement
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Bikeway and Promenade as Levee Infrastructure
FLOODPLAIN PRESERVATION
FLOODPLAIN PRESERVATION The design proposal more effectively and efficiently manages the different flood stages of the Cumberland River. It maintains over 50% of the natural floodplain. The floodway, plus over 70% of the existing 100-year floodplain is restored to some form of a vegetated/permeable state, including stormwater management practices.
OVER 50% OF FLOODPLAIN PRESERVATION
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FLOODPLAIN PRESERVATION HABITAT MATRIX THREE PRIMARY LANDSCAPE TYPES ARE PROPOSED TO BE CREATED AND MANAGED
WETLANDS
WOODLAND
GRASSLAND
LOW MARSH
HIGH MARSH
WET MEADOW
DRY MEADOW
MIXED GROVE
MESOPHYTIC LOWLAND
MUDFLAT
OPEN WATER
TURF GRASS
MESIC PRAIRIE
DRY OAK VALLEY
URBAN CANOPY
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FLOODPLAIN PRESERVATION
TARGET SPECIES
Epioblasm breucidens Cumberlandian Combshell
Tringa melanoleuca Greater Yellowlegs
Ictalnus punctatus Channel Catfish
Lindera benzoin Spicebush
Liquidambar styraciflua Sweetgum
Carya ovate Shagbark Hickory
Liriodendron tulipifera Tulip Tree
Passerina cyanea Indigo Bunting
Quercus cocinea Scarlet Oak
Setophaga pensylvanica Chestnut-sided Warbler
Carya tomentosa Mockernut Hickory
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LIVABLE COMMUNITY
BUILDING A HEALTHY COMMUNITY Livable Community Characteristics
B
Commercial Mix-Use Residential Recreation Centric Civic
Page 41
A
Variety of Housing Options that are Accessible and Affordable
Transportation Options and Walkable Neighborhoods
Safely Connected to Indoor and Outdoor Amenities Individual Resources through a wide variety of land use
Community Supports and Services
Soical and Physical Health and Well-Being
Sustainable Growth of Community
LIVABLE COMMUNITY
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LIVABLE COMMUNITY Pedestrian Oriented Development
Mixed Density Housing Civic Support and Services
Retail and Commercial
SECTION - B
Mixed Density Housing Civic Support and Services SECTION - Bâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;
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Retail and Commercial
LIVABLE COMMUNITY Connection to the River Through Stormwater The proposed development implements best practice stormwater management to reduce the rate and volume of stormwater that directly outfalls into the Cumberland River. The new development retrofits the conventional stormwater systems to create a more sustainable strategy. A stronger awareness will reinforce the developments connection to the Cumberland River.
Water collection
Water collection Courtyard
Pocket Park
Water storage
Promenade to Riverfront
Permeable Pavement
Bioswale
Green roof
Water storage
Pocket Park
SECTION - A Page 44
PRECEDENTS Remediation and Floodplain
Lifescape - Fresh Kills James Corner Staton Island, NY
Buffalo Bayou Park SWA Houston, TX
Ford River Rouge Plant D.i.r.t. Studio Dearborn, MI
Post-Industrial Sublime
Stormwater Treament
Qunli Stormwater Park Turenscape Haerbin City, China
Houtan Park Turenscape Shanghai, China
Westergasfabriek Culture Park Kathryn Gustafson Amsterdam, NL
Cumberland Park Hargreaves Associates Nashville, TN
Landschaftpark Duisburg Nord Latz + Partners Duisburg Nord, Germany
Green Infrastructure Master Plan Metro Nashville and Partners
Nashville Riverfront Concept Plan Hargreaves Associates
Nashville Open Space Plan Metro Nashville, TN Land Trust
Plans / Documents
The Plan of Nashville NCDC
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