CAPITA SELECTA
AR0083
Which target group is the hardest to make enthousiastic about the task to deal with the sustainable housing task in existing cities? Noemie Benoit & Martine Verhoeven
Representation of the citycity in 2010... Representation of the in 2010... industries
garbage
deforestation
+
+
consumption
+
pollution
+
+ LS
RIA MATE
GOODS
R
TE WA
RE-USE
FOOD
TE WAS
LOCAL FOOD *WIND ENERGY PV CELLS
N IO O2 T U C LL O2
POO2
S
r
lea
nu c
l coa
RT
GAS
ENERGY
TR
AN
veh i
cle
s: c
SPO
ars
ship
s
plan
es
N
* green energy in NL (3%) From this 3%, two third are imported from abroad (Volkskrant, 2 jan 2010)
HowHow should we imagine the the future sustainable citycity in 2050? should we imagine future sustainable in 2050 renewable energy
forest
green (productive) landscape
+
+
recycling
+
cycling/ public transport
less consumption
+
+
W AT E
GOODS
R
MATERIALS
RE-USE
FOOD
TE WAS
LOCAL FOOD WIND ENERGY PV CELLS
NO
2
S
HIC LES
SPO RT
SHIP
NU
E CL
AR
GAS
ENERGY
TR
AN
ING
CL CY
VEC
WIND
GY BLUE ENER
PLAN ES
P
N TIO 2 LU O2 CO L O S
How to deal in the future with the existing housing task? Representation of the existing housing task in 2010 < 1945
1945-1970
1970-1990
1990-2009
which buildingtype is this? red block?
Insulation
Economic lifespan
minimum
relatively much monuments few replacement 1970 - 1990
sober
33%
economically outdated replaced between 1995-2020
sufficient
economic lifespan 50 years replace between 2020-2040
good
economic lifespan 50 years replace between 2040-2060
* source: VROM Study CO2040 excecuted by Posad and Except
Required transformation in existing market
* Current housing stock
61%
27,7% 21,1%
21,1%
18% < 1945
1945-1970
this segment of the market should be rebuilded in the near future
18%
1990 - 2007
â&#x20AC;&#x153;The current percentage of rebuilding is only 0,25% per yearâ&#x20AC;? [Article by Anke van Hal - The sustainable city: A challenge for architects]
replacement in 30 years
How to deal in theinfuture with the existing housing task? How to deal the future with the existing housing task? 1990-2009
2009-2030
Future target: houses collectively produce more than they use
2030-2050
?? - ??
housing stock in 2050
80%
no replacement
20% replacement of existing stock
What mean housing task* ? Whatdoes does sustainable sustainable mean forfor thethe housing task*?
INPUT
2010 unsustainable house
USING
FOOD
AIR WATER MATERIALS HOUSING ENERGY FOOD PEOPLE
POWER
WASTE
HAPPINESS HEALTH BIODIVERSITY
INPUT
2050 sustainable house
PRODUCING
FOOD
AIR WATER MATERIALS HOUSING ENERGY FOOD PEOPLE
OUTPUT
...
HAPPINESS
OUTPUT
FOOD
FREEDOM
IMPROVED AIR WATER 2nd HAND MATERIALS ENERGY CASCADING* FOOD PEOPLE
BIODIVERSITY HEALTH PARTICIPATION
POLLUTED AIR WASTE WATER WASTE MATERIALS WASTE ENERGY WASTE FOOD
...
*Reference : based on the principles of Cradle to cradle from Michael Braungart & William McDonough *Reference : Synergy between exergy and regional planning. from dr. ir.Andy van den Dobbelsteen.
WhoWho is involved in the in task to task deal with the with sustainable city ? is involved the to deal the sustainable city? Stakeholders
Macro EU
Netherlands- Global
government
finances
energy
owners
en. user
designers
House Owner
Scales
Housing Corp.
(e.g. Stedin)
Household(s)
RES Installers
Network Operator
Energy Producer (e.g. Eneco)
(e.g. TenneT)
Investor
Developer
Municipality
Designers
Micro
RES Producers
Network Operator
Financier
Delft- Province
Provincial Government
Meso
National Government
Delft- Province
users
Who is involved in theintask dealto with thewith sustainable city ? Who is involved thetotask deal the sustainable city? Stakeholders Top down
Macro EU
Netherlands- Global
finances
energy
owners
en. user
government
House Owner
Scales
designers
Housing Corp.
(e.g. Stedin)
Household(s)
RES Installers
Network Operator
Energy Producer (e.g. Eneco)
(e.g. TenneT)
Investor (e.g. ING Rea; Estate)
Developer
Municipality
Designers
Micro
RES Producers
Network Operator
Financier
Delft- Province
Provincial Government
Meso
National Government
Delft- Province
users
bottom up
Provincial Government National Government
EREA
Dedicated
NOT all stakeholders are critical for the sustainable housing task !
Municipality EU
Players
Subjects
Network Operator (e.g. Stedin) Energy Suppliers (e.g. Eneco)
movement required
RES Producers Not Critical Designers
Critical
RES Installers
Network Operator (e.g. TenneT)
Investors House Owner
Context setters Not Dedicated
Crowd
Housing Corp.
User
Some stakeholders are more important than others ! For the sustainable housing task we have to move the non dedicated but critical target groups into dedictated and critical stakeholders
!!!!!
Provincial Government
Aligned
NOT the hardest groups to make enthousiastic for the sustainable housing task are : developers & governments
Municipality
National Government
EU
Subjects
RES Installers
Players
Housing Corp. Developers
movement required
RES Producers
Investors
Not Critical Designers
Critical
House Owner
energy user Network Operator (e.g. TenneT)
Context setters
Crowd Oposing
Energy Suppliers (e.g. Eneco)
Network Operator (e.g. Stedin)
Stakeholders all have their own interest. Investors and developers want to make profit, users want to maintain their (luxury) lifestyles and institutional parties want to make market based policies. As you can see, the developers and governments are NOT the hardest groups to make enthousiastic...
The hardest group to make enthousiastic about the sustainable housing task is : THE USER The hardest group to make enthusiastic about the sustainable housing task : THE USER
Investor Developer
Organisational network :
Municipality
Bank Users House-owner
not aware not acknowledged not responsible
House corporation
not sustainable
Contractors RES Installers
Associations
Investor Developer
Municipality
Bank
?
House corporation
Crucial position :
the USER is not only hard to convince in changing lifestyles but he also has a critical position in solving the sustainable housing task
Contractors RES Installers
Associations
So, it is the users who is hardest to make enthousiast.. but the lectures show differently. How is this possible?
Thethe Capita Selecta lecturesimage showondifferently...? Could lectures give a distorted the reality?
Lectures:
Reality: Anke van Hal Ineke Hulshof
Anke van Hal
Sarah Wigglesworth
5%??
GWL site, Amsterdam
Wallisblok, Rotterdam
Orchard Street, London
Lacaton Vassal, Paris
Reader:
Reality:
What role does sustainability play in consumers housing and neighbourhood choices? How much are consumers willing to pay for environmentally friendly building features? (sustainable building and sustainable living, article by M.J. van Dorst and Dr. S. Silvester)
95%?? Unconscious or â&#x20AC;&#x153;non sustainableâ&#x20AC;?group of users
...but the lectures are still far from reality. Unfortunately the majority of users is NOT aware of the current problems in the city. What kind of users are they?
Conscious Users
Howdo dothe the user usersreact react to to the the task? How task ?
Trend A
the hardest to make enthusiastic =
95 % ???
low involvement
Unsustainable city
UNCONSCIOUS or UNSUSTAINABLE USERS
This 95% of unconscious or unsustainable users can classified in three types :
Cliches
Sorry, what does it mean sustainability ?
Why do I need to care about nature ?
S : + T : - C : ++ PP
S : + T : - C : ++ PP
S : + T : - C : ++ P
People in third world countries should solve their own problems
I don’t need sustainable stuff, I’m fine like that
I am always wearing shirts at home even in the winter
S : + T : - C : ++ PP
S : - T : + C : ++ PP
S : - T : - C : ++ PP
Trend B
medium difficulty to make enthusiastic =
(A) people not willing to change (B) people willing to change but not knowing how to change (C) enthusiastic people who need little to be convinced
Trend C
small difficulty to make enthusiastic =
S Structural sphere T Technological sphere C Cultural sphere P Planet P People P Profit *Reference : The challenge of sustainable development by Prof. dr. ir. Leo Jansen
high involvement
In order to make tools for achieving the sustainable city, we need to know what the problems are. The 3 problems sphere are* :
Sustainability is only a hype.
I want a new TV for Christmas, the other one is too small S : + T : - C : ++ PPP
I am only living here for a while, so, I can’t do anything
Honey, it doesn’t work like I want it
S : + ++ T : - C : + P
S : ++ T : - C : ++ PP
S : ++ T : - C : ++ PP
Where can I find sustainable stuff ?
I don’t know nothing about it
I love long showers and baths
S : + T : - C : ++ PP
S : + T : - C : +++ P
S : - T : - C : +++ PP
I don’t know what to choose
It’s too expensive, we can’t afford it
Where can I find sustainable stuff ?
There are almost no subsidies for it
S : +++ T : + C : + PPP
S : + + T : ++ C : + P
S : +++ T : + C : - P
S : +++ T : - C : + P
I would like to, but it is too much administrative work
My house doesn’t allow me to make changes
Nobody asks my point of view
S : +++ T : - C : + PP
S : - T : +++ C : - P
There is nobody to help you with sustainable appliances
It is for rich people
We can never choose, they decide for us
S : - T : +++ C : - PP
Sustainable city
S : ++ T : ++ C : - P
S : + ++ T : - C : + P
CONCLUSIONS from the clichĂŠs
T
Trend A
low involvement
Unsustainable city What are the resulting strategies ? What can we conclude for future strategies?
STRATEGIES*
for achieving the sustainable city A city existing of responsability, a good habitat and participation
the hardest to make enthusiastic =
THE RESPONSIBLE CITY
= strategy to create and restructure urban systems to make them responsible
huge distance between people and planet WHY ? people lifestyles and habits -high cultural value of their lifestyles -no education --
S PPPPPP PPPPPP PP
THE LIVING CITY
Trend B
= strategy to design with nature and to use the life support systems to create urban areas that contribute to the quality of life of urban residents and wildlife in the city.
lack of knowledge -lack of integration between the spheres STC --
C PPPPPPP
CONTENT = the link betweeen people and planet, giving the overal view
for group B to move to group C
T
PPP
= POSITIVE EDUCATION by educating in a way that people do not immediately have to change their whole lifestyle to have impact on the environment
that connect the city to its regional and global surroundings.
C
S
for group A to move to group B
= INTEGRATED PROCESSES through organisation
THE PARTICIPATING CITY
= strategy to create commitment of citizens and businesses to the urban environment by stimulating their participation in decision making and management of the urban ecosystems.
PP
T
= COMPLEMENTARY EDUCATION through participation
Trend C
for group C to become sustainably convinced and active = creating NETWORKS to share KNOWLEDGE
S
C PP
PPPPP
PPPP
= INVESTMENT on technological RESEARCH to get it cheaper
high involvement
low accessibility -poor technological development/research -low technical proposals -distance between actors --
Sustainable city
*Reference : The Ecopolis by Dr. ir. Sybrand P. Tjallingii
Tools for users:
Tools for the users:
As it is difficult to convince “non willing users” into very motivated users at once, we decided to split the strategies and tools in three steps:
STEP I
Group A
B
STEP II
Group B
C
STEP III
Group C
C+
STEP I
Group A
B
Tool I : INTERACTIVE FEEDBACK SYSTEM [interactive feedback system] makes users aware of their energy use in a cool and positive way. The systems provides more interactions so that users can consciously choose how (and if ) to use their appliances.
Strenghts
Education in a positive and interactive way We can create a great image, like appliances from Apple, I-phone etc
Weaknesses
financial implementation to get the feedback system accessible to everyone is quite difficult. Not everyone can afford this system for example ! A solution for this could be : working with eco-points supported by companies or institutions (local governments). If you save energy or make use of appliances in a smart way you can earn eco-points (Tool II). When enough eco-points are saved, the point can be converted in the interactive feedback system.
Opportunities
municipalities and/ or companies can invest in it to make it a success.
Threats
good technology for the feedback system is required . Otherwise the educational target (raising awareness and making small changes) can fail.
“ simply behavorial changes could reduce disposable waste, potentially cutting greenhouse gas emissions by 30%” http://livingclimatechange.com/index.php/films/
movie: “NO-trash New York” showing the eco-point system (Tool II) http://livingclimatechange.com/index.php/films/
STEP II
Group B
C
Tool I : MANUAL
[MANUAL] can be used to explain users how to use their (renewable) appliances in an efficient way. (Extra: investigation of Buijs (1995) and Silvester (1996) proved that users have little knowledge about sustainable appliances and their lifespan)
Tool II : INVOLVE (ALSO) USERS IN THE PROCESS OF REFURBISHING
[INVOLVEMENT] in the process of all actors during the whole planning process
Strenghts
Strenghts
Weaknesses
Weaknesses
! The â&#x20AC;&#x153;notâ&#x20AC;? interested group can first be made enthousiastic by using the interactive feedbacksystem (see step I). This will be a next step in stimulating people to buy renewable equipment, to produce more energy than they use !!
! The architecture should work to its new role as mediator to make everyone enthousiastic and to explain the possibilities of renewable implementations
people know how they should use the appliances in the house and how to reduce consuming and use of energy.
people will not use their manual unless they are interested in it.
Opportunities
very easy to implement
Threats
we may not reach all people with the manual.
involvemencreates social coherence and therefore responsability of the people
there is a big chance that not everyone wants to participate as much in the building process.
Opportunities
involvement of all actors can lead to new innovations, discovered during the building process
Threats
it will touch only a certain group of users
From the existing housing stock we can conclude that more than 60% has to be refurbished in the near future. For these tools we suppose that the focus will be on this task, so that new renewable implementations (in old buildings) and involvement are possible. succesful example of involvement of users in the process
from: lecture of ineke hulshof; TUDelft, faculty of Architecture, 10-12 2009
STEP III
Group C
C++
Tool I : WORKSHOPS [WORKSHOPS] that users can join or start up. Motivated users often want to be part of a group to share and gain new knowledge (education), to set up community gardens or other practical additions to the environment Strenghts
Tool II : E-SHOPS
[E-SHOPS] increase the accessilibity of buying renewable equipment or by providing advices.
Strenghts
sharing knowlegde and creating networks
it will increase the accessibility of new, sustainable technologies to a broad group of users
Weaknesses
workshops will only work with collective energy, a lot of people should participate
Weaknesses
Opportunities
! This could be an opportunity for companies or institutions to invest in
make people very enthousiastic to be part of the sustainable developments
Threats
it could only work for people who want to invest time in changing lifestyles
investments are needed to set the virtual networks
Opportunities
e-shops probably lead to more selling of RES (renewable energy sources) equipment. This can lead to more investment in research. More research will lead to cheaper equipment
Threats
e-shops supports the consumption logic..
movie: “Can China’s contradiction leads.. ” showing e-shops (Tool II) http://livingclimatechange.com/index.php/films/