El Anill
Mexico City, Mexico
Mexico City’s car culture is severe; along with a growing population, the amount of vehicles on the road has risen as well. Since the introduction of the “hoy no circula” law, a law restricting the circulation of a vehicle on a certain day of the week according to the color of a license plate, the amount of vehicles has doubled, as individuals have found a loop around the restriction by buying a second vehicle. The rise in the vehicular population has caused an increase in contaminants, massive congestion that leads to economic loss, excessive travel time, an overload on the city’s infrastructure, and parking problems. Since there are millions of individuals entering the city on a daily basis, can there be a system that provides a service to alleviate congestion?
Mexico City D.F. and its metropolitan area have evolved drastically over time... Source: Metropoli 2025, El Colegio Mexiquense, INEG
1910
1,710,263
1920
1,783,355
1930
+
2,219,688
Zona Metropolitana del Valle de Mexico
2,903,564
1940
= ZMVM
D.F. (Distrito Federal)
Metropolitan Area
4,393,065
1950
6,768,727
1960
10,707,350
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 = 100,000
1824
1929
=
1980
8,851,080 Population
2005
16,620,991 18,051,539 21,701,925 24,026,942
Although the metropolitan area is much bigger in size, Mexico City D.F. is much more dense...... Source: Agenda Estadistica 2009
Iztacalco 395,025
17,692 per km2
Iztapalapa 1,820,888
Tlahuac 344,106
4,239 per km2
Xochimilco 404,458
14,917 per km2
Milpa Alta 115,895
486 per km2
3,176 per km2
Venustiano Carranza 447,459 13,260 per km2
Tlalpan 607,545
Gustavo A. Madero 1,193,161
2,007 per km2
12,772 per km2
Atzcapotzalco 425,298
Magdalena Contreras 228,927
12,124 per km2
3,777 per km2
Miguel Hidalgo 353,534 7,773 per km2
Cuauhtemoc 521,348
16,547 per km2
Alvaro Obregon Benito Juarez 706,567 7,688 per km2 355,017 Cuajimalpa 13,773 per km2 173,625 2,611 per km2
But as Mexico City increases in population and density, so do the amount of vehicles... 1,814,187 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
4,028,300
= 200,000
Vehicular population per delegation... Source: INEG
386,687 Iztapalapa 339,930 Gustavo A. Madero 325,723 Coyoacan Azcapotzalco
Gustavo A. Madero
324,458 Benito Juarez 313,440 Cuahtemoc
Venustiano Miguel Hidalgo CuauhtemocCarranza
296,166 Miguel Hidalgo
Iztacalco
Cuajimalpa
Alvaro Obregon
Benito Juarez
248,515 Tlalpan Iztapalapa
Coyocoan
Tlahuac
Magdalena Contreras
Xochimilco
220,377 Alvaro Obregon 199,509 Azcapotzalco 178,640 Venustiano Carranza 163,662 Iztacalco
Tlalpan
105,827 Xochimilco Milpa Alta
82,325 Cuajimalpa 75,748 Magdalena Contreras 69,519 Tlahuac 17,890 Milpa Alta
Emission of contaminants through human activity Source: semarnat
Source: idandecommercial
.3%
1%
2% 2% 2%
3% 3%
3%
3%
5%
s
ile ob
% 3 3
m
to au
6%
17 %
12%
8%
1. automobiles (33%) 2. other forms of combustion engines (17%) 3. electric plants (12%) 4. liquid ammonia (8%) 5. industrial processes (6%) 6. use of solvents (5%) 7. fires (3%) 8. use of transport by rail and air (3%) 9. fossil fuels (3%) 10. distribution of fuel (3%) 11. mining (2%) 12. industrial combustion (2%) 13. other areas (2%) 14. fugitive dust (1%) 15. commercialization of perishable goods (0.3%)
m) (12:00a drivers 900,000
24 hour circulation timeline of Mexico City Source: ZMVM
0,00
( rs
ive
dr
,
32
0 dr
iver s
(8:1
5pm
) 21 20 19 18
23 24 1
2
3
16
pm)
m-6:30
(6:00am 0 drivers 1,000,00
4
2,000,000 drivers (6:45am-7:00am)
5
24 hrs
6 7
17
(6:00p
2,700,000 drivers (7:0 0am-7:15am)
8 15
11 14 13 12
10
9
2,300,0
00 driv ers
1,7
000
(2
:3
drive
d
pm) (2:0 0 2,10 0,00 0 dr iver s
m)
a 1:45 rs (1
, 00
,1
1
e riv
0,
460,
rs
m 0p
90
)
m
0p
:0
-6
0 00
)
-6:45am
22
drivers 00,000
0 00
am
10
4:
1,30
)
am
15
: -4
00
0
dr
ive
rs
(9
:3
0a
(7:15a
m-8:15
am)
m
)
On August 6th, 1997, a study was made in Mexico City to figure out the amount of drivers on the road within a span of 24 hours. The result pulled in impressive figures, as at one point, there were nearly 2.7 million cars circulating on the road. Today there are over 4 million vehicles circulating within the city and over 6 million circulating with the metropolitan area combined; the figure has nearly doubled in a span of 13 years, and congestion has indeed gotten much worse.
What caused the increase? Source: msn
Hoy No Circula Law (1998) Monday
A-02-946 ending 5-6
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
A-02-947
A-02-943
A-02-942
A-02-940
ending 7-8
ending 3-4
ending 1-2
ending 9-0
If your license plates end with these numbers and have these colors, then you cannot circulate with your vehicle on that given day
1998
= = many individuals ultimately bought one or more cars to make up for the lost day
+ 1,600,000 vehicles
2010
What exactly does the commute in Mexico City look like because of it? YOU’RE LATE #$%^&*@!*&$
Travel time can vary between minutes and hours; every year, the city loses amount equivalent to $4,000,000,000
55,400,000,000 pesos in
loss in productivity because of traffic, an
As the amount of vehicles on the road increases, the amount of traffic on the road rises as well. In most cases, a trip that would ordinarily take an individual 10 to 15 minutes, ends up taking them 45 minutes to an hour, or even more. photo Source: cuartoscuro
How long does it take to get to the center of the city (el Zocalo)? Source: google maps Venustiano Carranza, 1.8 miles Azcapotzalco
Gustavo A. Madero
Venustiano Miguel Hidalgo CuauhtemocCarranza
12 minutes, avg. of 9mph
Gustavo A. Madero, 4.9 miles
19 minutes, avg. of 15mph
Iztacalco, 5 miles
19 minutes, avg. of 16mph
Benito Juarez, 5.7 miles
16 minutes, avg. of 21mph
Iztacalco
Cuajimalpa
Alvaro Obregon
Benito Juarez
Miguel Hidalgo, 6.2 miles Iztapalapa
Coyocoan
Azcapotzalco, 7.3 miles Tlahuac
Magdalena Contreras
Coyoacan, 6.8 miles
Xochimilco
Tlalpan
Iztapalapa, 9.1 miles
19 minutes, avg. of 19mph 17 minutes, avg. of 24mph 23 minutes, avg. of 19mph 22 minutes, avg. of 25mph
Alvaro Obregon, 9.7 miles
26 minutes, avg. of 22mph
Xochimilco, 12.1miles
26 minutes, avg. of 28mph
Magdalena Contreras, 13 miles Cuajimalpa, 13.5 miles
30 minutes, avg. of 28mph 31 minutes, avg. of 26mph
Milpa Alta Tlalpan, 15.4 miles Milpa Alta, 23.5 miles Tlahuac, 24.7 miles
29 minutes, avg. of 32mph 53 minutes, avg. of 26mph 43 minutes, avg. of 35mph
parquĂmetros (parking meters)
franaleros (informal attendants)
private parking
Source: lainformacion.mx
Source: reuters
Source: idandecommercial
With an increase in vehicles, what is the parking situation like? Source: msn, el universal, excelsior, reuters
Option A: parquĂmetros (parking meters) =
^%#*&!%&#@
2 pesos supervisors get irritated
15 min
park at one of the 17 designated zones for parking meters throughout the city...
=
8 pesos
60 min
Option B: street parking
park at an open spot on a street with the help of a franalero (informal parking attendant)
3 hour time limit
franaleros are organized and work in groups, as each group has its territory on the streets
pay their fee
avoid giving personal information, as in most cases it is used for extorsion
any individual who works has to leave their job several times during the day to pay
hand over the key to the valet
alconsumidor ac a meal
productivity decreases
most often they are associated with organized crime
with the paid fee, the franalero promises to look after the car and clean its exterior while you’re away
or not there at all
at the end of the day your car may be in one piece
the truth is that visible items left behind in the vehicle will be stolen
depending on the value of the vehicle, it may or may not be stolen by other group members
Option C: private parking
drop off vehicle at any private location
= 8 hours = 64 pesos source:
the vehicle is secure and guarded while away
pay hourly fee when back (double than that of public parking)
leave
?
the result is up in the
What is the monetary situation per establishment type? Source: alconsumidor ac
minimum per hour
maximum per hour 6 pesos
14 pesos avg
20 pesos
0
8 pesos
0
10 pesos
0
16 pesos
35 pesos avg
24 pesos
40 pesos
80 pesos
0
plaza/commercial shopping center
department stores
independent locations
hotels
84
$60,930
own
er ta x 5,0 0
3,3 12 ark ing 1 lic p pub
9,3 60 ing ark
e8 ran c
84
$78,194
00
8,0
own
er ta x 5,0 0
0
2 l en ciricen viron cu se lat pla men ion te tal ca ren test rd ew s 5 re al ne 29 75 wa 1 l2 20
8
et p
m
29,4
er ta x 5,0 0
1 7,1
stre
r ove
0
,07 11
*average salary per year in Mexico: 72,000 pesos (6,000 monthly) *gas price avg: 10 pesos(L) x 56.7 liter tank (15g) = 567 x 52 weeks = 9,360 pesos
line
ce
an
en
t ain
0
left
r ove left
2 l en ciricen viron cu se lat pla men ion te tal ca ren test rd ew s 5 re al ne 29 75 wa 1 l2 20
gaso
own
0
insu
,00 e8 ran c
m
29,4
00
8,0
24
line
ce
an
en
t ain
26,6
gaso
king
$64,882
00
8,0
,00
0
84
insu
,00 e8
m
29,4
ce
an
en
t ain
car fees + private parking
private parking = average daily charge = 128 pesos (2x public parking) x 4 days = 512 pesos x 52 weeks = 26,624 pesos annually
par
line
public parking = average daily charge = 64 pesos x 4 days = 256 pesos x 52 weeks = 13,312 pesos annually
priv ate
gaso
car fees + public parking
ran c
street parking = average daily charge = 45 pesos x 4 days = 180 pesos x 52 weeks = 9,360 pesos annually
insu
car fees + street parking
0
Source: msn, el universal, cnn
0
What do the economics of maintaining a vehicle look like with an average salary?
2 l en ciricen viron cu se lat pla men ion te tal ca ren test rd ew s 5 re al ne 29 75 wa 1 l2 20
What if there were a system that could help alleviate congestion and help save money on daily gas and parking fees ?
Azcapotzalco
The idea is to create a park and ride system derived from a series of nodes located around the exterior of the city. Specifically, these nodes are located at the beginning of subway lines in hopes of attracting those coming from the outskirts of the city and those within the delegations in order to avoid having to drive into the city. The surrounding park and rides around the city creates a ring, hence the spanish translation, “El Anillo�.
Gustavo A. Madero
How do park and rides work?
Venustiano Miguel Hidalgo CuauhtemocCarranza
Cuajimalpa
Alvaro Obregon
Benito Juarez
Iztacalco
park and ride
Iztapalapa Coyocoan Tlahuac
Magdalena Contreras
Commuters drive their vehicles to the park and rides located in nodes scattered in a ring throughout the outskirts of the city
Xochimilco
Tlalpan
Milpa Alta When vehicles are parked, commuters then have a choice of taking various forms of public transportation, or even lower-emissions forms of transportation such as bicycles.
el perifĂŠrico
el circuito interior
metro stations
What are the different forms of transportation that can be used in place of using a private vehicle? Source: ciudadmexico.com.mx, metro.df.gob.mx, ste.df.gob.mx, rtp.gob.mx
2
Private Chofer eclipse rent a car rates
7
Metrobus 5 pesos (37 cents) Monday-Friday 4:30am12am Saturday&Sunday 5am-12am *transfers to lines 1,2,&3 are free
100 pesos ($7.40) per hour (minimum 4 hours) 120 pesos ($8.88) per hour (minimum 8 hours) for trips outside of the city
Microbus (Pesero)
8
RTP Bus
9
3.00 pesos (22 cents) 5km 3.50 pesos (26 cents) 5-12km 4.50 pesos (33 cents) 12km+
*leaves from the main metro stations, connecting different lines and stations
*20% rise between 11pm-6am
3.50 pesos (26 cents) 12km 4.50 pesos (33 cents) 12km+
6
Suburban Train
Short trip (0-12km) - 6 pesos (44 cents)
Street Taxis
4
2 door - 5.80 pesos (43 cents)+.78 pesos (.06 cents) for every 250m or 45 seconds 4 door - 6.40 pesos (47 cents)+.78 pesos (.06 cents) for every 250m or 45 seconds
Tren Ligero (light train)
12
Long Trip (12-25.6km) - 14 pesos ($1.02)
Radio Taxis 1 hour
2.00 pesos (14 cents)
140 pesos ($10.36) + 12 pesos (89 cents) per km
*prices can always be negotiated
Metro
10
3 pesos (21 cents) Monday-Friday 5am-12am Saturdays 6am-12am Sundays & Holidays 7am-12am
Trolebus 11 (cable bus) 3 pesos (21 cents) Monday-Sunday
Bicycle Rental Centers FREE! (just leave ID)
14
3
The types of social classes who can afford them... Source: el universal, INEGI
1
1,000 pesos ($75) for 30 minutes 13,000 pesos ($962) for 20 trips
Middle Class
Upper Middle
some rides are relatively free, but some can charge fees of more than 20 pesos ($1.48)
Aerotaxis
Upper Class
Pedicabs (bicitaxis) 5 in the Historical Center
13
300 pesos ($22) - 45 minutes a day for 1 year +10 pesos (74 cents) for 46-61 minutes +35 pesos ($2.59) for 61+ minutes
Lower Class
Poverty Line
Eco-bici
1
Where are the nodes located? Estación El Rosario 6
Estación Ciudad Azteca B
5 minute intervals by
7
Estación Politécnico
7
6 6
5
Estación Indios Verdes 3 6
8
Estación Martín Carrera 4
6
3 8
Estación Cuatro Caminos
7
2
5min
10min
15min
1
20min
30min
35min
40min
1
5
1 A
Estación Pantitlán A
Estación Observatorio
25min
9
5
5
1
9 2 Estación Barranca del Muerto
3
4
7 2
Estación Tasqueña 2
3
Estación Universidad 3
1
Estación Constitución de 1917 8
Estación La Paz A
4
6
Which stations have the most commuters on a daily basis? source: metro.df.gob.mx
According to Mexico City’s Metro statistics, on the list of the most heavily used metro stations, 8 out of the 17 stations on the list are located on the outskirts of the city. There are currently 13 stations on the outskirts of the city where metro lines first begin; the idea is to locate each park and ride at each one of these stations. Unlike stations located within the city, stations located on the exterior contain large lots for buses and a connection to train platforms. Providing park and rides that live in harmony with existing services in each of these locations is the main goal.
m
= 1,000
= stations located in the exterior
Estación Chipancingo
45,582
Estación Zaragoza 58,462 Estación Pantitlán 82,660
Estación Deportivo 18 de Marzo 45,754 Estación Chapultepec 59,306 Estación Tasqueña 98,644
Estación Merced 52,144
Estación Ciudad Azteca 61,350
Estación Tacubaya 52,763
Estación Insurgentes 56,817
Estación Buenavista 56,889
Estación Zócalo 73,361
Estación Observatorio 74,678
Estación Universidad 76,346
Estación Constitución de 1917 109,649
Estación Indios Verdes 126,354
Estación Cuatro Caminos 127,708
Estaci贸n Cuatro Caminos
m
127,708
daily commuters
Estaci贸n Indios Verdes
m
126,354
daily commuters
Estaci贸n Constituci贸n de 1917
m
109,649
daily commuters
Estaci贸n Tasque帽a
m
98,644
daily commuters
Estaci贸n Pantitl谩n
m
82,660
daily commuters
Estaci贸n Universidad
m
76,346
daily commuters
Estaci贸n Observatorio
m
74,678
daily commuters
Estaci贸n Ciudad Azteca
m
61,350
daily commuters
Estaci贸n Polit茅cnico
m
45,513
daily commuters
Estaci贸n Barranca del Muerto
m
45,160
daily commuters
Estaci贸n La Paz
m
43,978
daily commuters
Estaci贸n Mart铆n Carrera
m
37,147
daily commuters
Estaci贸n El Rosario
m
29,284
daily commuters
one site must be developed........
Estaci贸n Constituci贸n de 1917 Photo Source: el universal
109,649
daily commuters
Although this station ranks 3rd in commuters, the delegation in which it is located in, Iztalapalapa, ranks number one in population, population density, and population of registered vehicles.
Azcapotzalco
Gustavo A. Madero
Venustiano Miguel Hidalgo CuauhtemocCarranza Iztacalco
Cuajimalpa
Alvaro Obregon
Benito Juarez Iztapalapa
1,820,888people
Coyocoan
Tlahuac
Magdalena Contreras
Xochimilco
Tlalpan
Milpa Alta
386,687vehicles
m
N
Anillo PerifĂŠrico Eje 8 sur (Calz. Emilia Iztapalapa) Existing bus lot
Proposed building area on site
m
A New Typology: Every day, millions of individuals in Mexico City str massive congestion, or trying to find parking within a densely populat tion. What if there was a new parking typology that provided free par nection to existing transportation programs? What if this typology con viduals on a daily basis along with providing coverage on the building drive and waste gas going to several locations to pick up necessities s markets are located within the building to save time, gas, and money. functions as a park and ride, but a building that benefits both its user ties, public spaces, and parks. On a daily basis, for the millions of indi parking in order to take the train into the city is extremely difficult. It’ they can provide, but by providing these series of stations on the outs those neighborhoods and from the outskirts, a service never before se tives provided.
ruggle with transportation and parking issues; whether it’s sitting in ted metropolis, there has not been a concept to alleviate the situarking services to save its users money while also serving a direct conntained a diverse group of markets to meet the necessities of indig’s maintenance through commission and rent? Instead of having to such as meat, fish, bread, clothing, textiles, etcetera, a variety of . The intent with the concept is to not only create a building that rs and the surrounding community with a variety of markets, activiividuals who enter the city, finding parking within the city or finding ’s a well known fact that Mexicans love their cars and the privacy skirts as a meeting point for the many that travel into the city from een, the outcome could potentially be successful due to the incen-
Concept and Program
e
nc
tra
en
2
3
str ee t li
ne
1
it
ex
Vehicular circulation is taken above ground from the periferico and out towards the bus lot
4
Along the vehicular circulation path, parking is accessed
5
Underneath the parking and circulation, a variety of programs including markets are placed to serve the necessities of the users of the facility, and at the center, an open public center space is formed.
6
tra
in
sta
tio
Access to circulation is placed in the corners and the open center space, allowing for the movement of individuals onto the concourse area above.
In order to keep a unified design, a connection was made above, linking all 3 parking sections; in the process, a roof park was formed
n
in order to connect individuals to the train station, a connection bridging over the street and into the station was added at the second level.
2,944 sq ft
9
328,800 sq ft 5,120 sq ft
8,400 sq ft
3,200 sq ft
parking
6,400 sq ft
plaza
6
exhibition space
5
open seating area
15,680 sq ft
textile market
recreational field
10
bicycle rental
13 12 11 7
information/lobby/nursery
14 8
linens market
15
furniture market
24 hrs
clothes market
17 16
3
bakery/pastry
18
2
cafe
21 20 23 24 1
fish market
19 22
meat market
produce market
concourse with markets
food court
roof park
6,460 sq ft 8,000 sq ft
6,950 sq ft
41,893 sq ft
4
6,000 sq ft 8,000 sq ft
4,400 sq ft
4,000 sq ft
41,100 sq ft 4,220 sq ft
3,200 sq ft
How does parking work?
= 0-4hrs
drive up to the entrance to the ticket box
4-12hrs
12+hrs
choose between 3 buttons labeling different time frames
=
parking is at no charge because the commission and rent made from the markes and shops will pay for maintenence of the building
El Anill
El Anill
ubicación
ubicación
Constitución de 1917
Constitución de 1917
Iztapalapa, México D.F.
Iztapalapa, México D.F.
10/07/2012 08:26
10/07/2012 08:32
espacio 7
espacio 7
197728
197728
a ticket will be issued asking you to drive and park at the designated color
park at the lift, insert the ticket into the booth and step out as the vehicle will be taken to its spot.
another ticket will be issued to pick up the vehicle so the owner can leave
eje 8 sur
eje 8 sur
hortensia
N
de las torres
de las es torr
petunia
ic rifĂŠr o pe anill
o
Plans (sub-level - roof level)
8 2
9
3
1
7
9
6 4
8
5
6
7
1
2
3
4
5
10 10
sub-level (roadway)
ground level 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
main plaza furniture market textiles market clothing market recreational field
6. produce market 7. dining hall 8. bike rental 9. exhibition hall 10. paradero (bus resting area)
first level 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
lobby/information/nursery fish market meat market produce market linens market
6. bakery 7. open seating area 8. cafe 9. exhibition hall 10. connection to train station
second level (vehicul
lar circulation)
1
2
third level 1. amphitheater
2. concourse
fouth level - roof (parking)
roof level
aerial view of the proposed park and ride at Iztapalapa’s Constitución de 1917 station looking North East
view looking in from the indoor soccer field
aerial view looking South West
view of the amphitheater
view looking in from the indoor soccer field
view of the concourse level with outdoor markets
view of the vehicular circulation level
view looking in from the indoor soccer field
view of the main plaza
view of the park located on the roof
view looking in from the indoor soccer field
North Elevation
North Section
Constituci贸n de 1917 8
roof level
roof level
third level second level first level
West Elevation
8 MartĂn Carrera
8 MartĂn Carrera
092
095
West Section
8 Martín Carrera
8 Martín Carrera
095
095
roof level roof level
third level second level first level
“Earth provides enough to satisfy every man's needs, but not every man's greed.� - Mahatma Gandhi