OCT 2023 - International Aquafeed

International Aquafeed - Volume 26 - Issue10 - October 2023

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

INNOVATIVE COMPRESSED AIR APPLICATIONS: Shaping a Sustainable Future for Aquaculture - Feeds for organic fish production: Constraints and possibilities - Palatability enhancers and their long lasting effects - Singapore’s Marine Aquaculture Center: 20th Anniversary looks to the future - Revolutionising Fish Feeding - Innovations at AQUANOR 2023 Proud supporter of Aquaculture without Frontiers UK CIO

October 2023

www.aquafeed.co.uk www.fishfarmingtechnology.net

WELCOME Put on your oxygen mask before helping others!

For us who travel frequently this ‘cliche’ has become a universal announcement in all passenger aircraft during safety briefings. It’s conveying a very important understanding that looks to ensure you are secure first, before helping others which is ultimately important.

Roger Gilbert

This was an excellent event and one which International Aquafeed is privileged to report upon (see page 31-35). Next month we will be report on the research facility at the MAC itself along with pictures of the visitors.

Publisher – International Aquafeed and Fish Farming Technology

This mantra should also apply to our food security.

Each country should be aware of its food sources for its population and the balance between what’s imported and what’s produced at home. Just checking a basket of produce and meat products in the local supermarkets and balancing that with the cost of living is not providing the protection against food insecurity that many might feel should be applied.

Now what has this to do with aquaculture?

I was fortunate enough to attend the 20th Anniversary celebrations held by the Singapore Food Agency’s Marine Aquaculture Centre (MAC) on St John’s Island just off the coast of Singapore in midAugust this year.

The development that has taken place over the past 20 years in supporting the development of aquaculture for this tiny country of 730 square km (and growing), a population of almost 5.5 million and a coastline of just 200 km, has been remarkable.

Today, it has a fully developed research facility which includes multiple hatcheries and equipment for carrying our feeding trials for commercial operations in addition to meeting its own research needs.

This reflects the significant recognition and support that the Singapore government has provided to a food production sector that stands out as an exemplary example to others.

So-much-so aquaculture now forms a major platform in the government’s challenge to produce within Singapore 30 percent of its food requirement by 2030. The policy is called ‘30-by-30’ and aquaculture is right on track to meet its targets.

In this edition we report on the symposium and also the keynote speech made by Senior Minister of State for Sustainability and the Environment, Dr Koh Poh Koon, on the aims and ambitions of Singapore.

It’s also clear that the determination of the MAC is to become a global hub for aquaculture research and development for the Southeast Asian region. Its facilities are second to none, and today can manufacture its own rations of trial diets for testing using extrusion technology from Clextral and vacuum coating.

The day’s events included a trip to St John’s Island for delegates to hear about the developments of aquaculture in the country and to tour the research facilities. The afternoon included a symposium with keynote speakers that addressed several topics that besides the Senior Minister included Dr Albert Tacon, Professor Patrick Sorgeloos, Engineer Piet Verstraete and Dr Richard Le Boucher.

Also in this issue It’s exciting to be able to report - in our Fish Farming Technology supplement (which has always been a part of International Aquafeed but with its own website) - on the recent AquaNor 2023 event held in Trondheim, Norway in August.

This exhibition is almost exclusively displaying equipment and services supporting fish farming and in particular salmon farming.

With over 700 companies exhibiting, and a longer than imaginable waiting list of companies that couldn’t be accommodated, this is the largest show for the finish industry on the planet.

Eric Hampel our Technical Editor kicks off with his view of AquaNor 2023 and what it offered visitors and the industry at large.

Our ‘Big Picture’ this month also focuses on AquaNor 2023 and captures the atmosphere of this three-day event on one of its quieter days and convinces us that publishing International Aquafeed and Fish Farming Technology in Norwegian has been the correct strategy; and which we adopted some years ago.

While we started off bi-monthly with our translated version we have, from January this year, published monthly in Norwegian. We will also be breaking out Fish Farming Technology into its stand-alone publication, possibly from January 2024, to serve this sector of the aquaculture industry - so watch this space.

But back to the show and this edition; our coverage of the technical developments that caught our eye at AquaNor 2023 are in FFT which starts on page 37.

I would also like to highlight two FFT reports in this month’s edition one on Revolutionising Fish Feeding (page 26) and the other on Innovative Compressed Air Applications (page 38). Both worthy of you time.

We will be reporting in more detail about some of the technologies we encountered at the show over the next couple of issues as well.

AquaNor 2023 is certainly a bi-annual event that should not be missed if you would like to learn about advanced fish farming technology entering the industry. However, if you want accommodation near the show or for the during please book early for 2025!

We also carry a report in this edition recording the signing of the High Seas Treaty at the United Nations (page 12). Our regular columnist Brett Glencross asks your directly ‘How deep is that footprint’ when formulating fish feeds. His findings are revealing (page 14). We explore Feed for Organic Fish Production on page 16 and Palatability Enhancers on page 20.

There’s much to read and consider in this edition, not least The Interview on page 64 which features Chan Hian Lim, Deputy Chief Executive Officer, Singapore Food Agency, Singapore.

Happy reading!

Going mobile www.aquafeed.co.uk

NUTRITION & HEALTH of seafood increases, domestic consumption of India is much in the news over the last month fish and seafood is also expected to grow. The with its prestigious space programme successes government of India has introduced various involving the moon and solar mission. In the quest schemes and incentives to attract private for confirming water on our planetary neighbour, investments into aquaculture, including the India successfully landed its Chandrayaan-3 development of infrastructure, hatcheries, and spacecraft soft-landing near the Moon's south pole processing units. Nutrition and feed technology and is a first for this highly populated and growing is recognised as a key driver to steer aquaculture country. It was opportune for this great nation to host the latest G20 Summit of world leaders to Professor Simon Davies production. Bespoke feeds are of paramount importance in this regard for the comprehensive discuss many topics with climate change, energy Nutrition Editor, International Aquafeed range of species. There are large numbers of and food production supply chains being high on feed compounders in India with background in poultry nutrition but their agenda. expanding into aquaculture. Consequently, the aquaculture feed industry Aquaculture has emerged as a crucial sector in India's agriculture and in India has evolved to meet the growing demand for high-quality economy, contributing significantly to food security, employment feeds. Feed manufacturers are increasingly focusing on formulating generation, and foreign exchange earnings. This review aims to species-specific feeds that optimize growth and health. Additionally, the provide a comprehensive overview of the state of aquaculture in industry has witnessed advancements in feed technology, including the India, its investment potential, the farmed species, the response of incorporation of probiotics and prebiotics to enhance feed efficiency. the aquaculture feed industry, economic outlook, and the challenges We should note that India's aquaculture sector presents substantial involved in ensuring a sustainable aquaculture industry for both investment potential, driven by its diverse production systems, domestic consumption and exports. India's aquaculture sector has growing domestic consumption, and strong export opportunities. grown rapidly over the past few decades, making the country one However, to ensure long-term sustainability and competitiveness, of the world's leading producers of fish and seafood. The sector is the industry must address various challenges related to disease characterised by a diverse range of production systems, including management, environmental concerns, and quality control. With the freshwater ponds, brackish water ponds, and marine shrimp farms. right investments, technology adoption, and regulatory support, India The most commonly farmed species in freshwater aquaculture include can continue to strengthen its position as a global leader in aquaculture Indian major carp (rohu, catla, and mrigal), exotic carp species (common carp, grass carp, and silver carp), and other species like tilapia while contributing to economic development and food security. India's aquaculture industry provides employment opportunities for millions of and pangasius. Shrimp farming is the dominant activity in brackish people, both directly and indirectly, along the value chain. This includes water aquaculture, with species like tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) farmers, laborers, processing workers, and those involved in the supply and whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) being the primary and distribution of aquaculture products. choices. India also cultivates various marine species such as seabass, In this October issue we are entering the final quarter of 2023 and the cobia, and groupers in cage culture systems. Andhra Pradesh, West season of conferences is not over yet. In fact, there will be Aquaculture Bengal, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, and Kerala are some of the leading states Europe 2023 in Vienna and sadly I will not be able to join you due to in aquaculture production in India. Each state specializes in different very important meetings I have to attend and university affairs. I am the species and production systems, contributing to the diversity of India's external examiner for the University of Stirling in Scotland where I did aquaculture industry. India is one of the largest producers of farmed my own PhD. Their master’s programme in Sustainable Aquaculture seafood globally. In 2020-2021, India produced over 7.34 million incorporates a fantastic range of modules spanning all disciplines of the metric tons of seafood, with aquaculture contributing significantly to subject and is highly regarded globally. . this total. The aquaculture sector in India has a significant economic In this issue of course we feature our case studies, news and features impact. In the fiscal year 2019-2020, the total value of seafood exports covering such topics as novel feed ingredients and increasingly from India was approximately US$6.7 billion, with aquaculture functional feed additives and supplements. We observe exciting work products comprising a substantial portion of this value. While the in nutrigenomics to dive deeper into the science of fish nutrition aquaculture industry in India has shown remarkable growth, it faces metabolism and physiological systems. This provides us with a new several challenges: Disease outbreaks, particularly in shrimp farms, level of comprehension as to how we can modulate disease resistance pose a significant threat to production. Effective disease management and health for both robust fish and shrimp. Hence, we need to support strategies are crucial for sustainability. Overexploitation of natural the next generation of advanced student for this objective to be realised. resources, habitat destruction, and water pollution are pressing On that point, it is excellent to see a student contribution from environmental concerns associated with aquaculture. Ensuring the quality and safety of seafood products is essential to maintain consumer Australia. I am delighted to accept an article by Lydia Schuller and Adam Yeap, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS), trust and access to international markets. Adhering to stringent University of Tasmania. They write about the yabby (Cherax destructor) regulations, both domestic and international, is vital for sustainable which is the best-known crustacean native to Australia, belonging to the and responsible aquaculture practices. The economic outlook for Parastacidae family. Yabbies are closely related to crayfish and lobsters, India's aquaculture sector is promising, driven by several factors: India sharing an anatomy characterized by a hard exoskeleton, a segmented has a strong presence in international seafood markets, with exports body, and a pair of large pincers. Another important species for the contributing significantly to foreign exchange earnings. There is a future nutritional and feed studies. growing demand for Indian shrimp and fish products in the global Enjoy our Autumn magazine! market. As income levels rise and awareness of the health benefits 4 | October 2023 - International Aquafeed

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY allowed to taste salmon as well as shrimp and As I was walking around at Aqua herring.

Nor 2023 in Trondheim, Norway, in The sushi tent attracted a lot of attention, and late August, a number of questions under the guidance of an experienced sushi entered my mind. Who comes up chef, the children were making their own with all these advanced new ideas sushi dishes. for aquaculture? How much does The sushi chef showed how to do it and then it cost to develop new aquaculture guided the children as they made their own technology? What does it take for maki and consumed it with pleasure and the average person to understand pride. Surprisingly many said they really the technology? How can we Erik Hempel liked the raw salmon! recruit young people to work in the The Nor-Fishing Foundation Who knows, maybe in a decade or so, aquaculture industry in the future? these young children will be entering the universities to Particularly this last question was in focus at Aqua Nor. For study aquaculture, and to make their own contributions to the years, the show has included a ‘Student Day’, to which students advancement of fish farming. At Aqua Nor, the youngsters from all over the world have been invited, and more and more showed great interest in both the various species, many of which of them have made their way to Trondheim. Of course, most they did not know much about, and also about the technology. of the students present were Norwegian, but a growing number They had of course seen floating cages in the fjords, but now they of foreign students are also flocking to Norway. Many of them got an explanation of how these worked, what was important to study aquaculture at the various institutions which offer a about them, and how important this production was for the nation. curriculum in aquaculture in Norway.

Another aspect of the youth programme is the fact that it But Aqua Nor has taken yet another step to recruit the young represents a counterweight against all the negative information people, and surprisingly, it involves younger students, down to about aquaculture that is being spread. And we need this age six or seven! A special programme called ‘Aqua Nor Youth’ counterweight. Too many lies are being circulated about the put on a show designed to attract the attention and interest of industry, and there seems to be no lie that is gross enough to these youngsters was developed, and eight stands had been be held back. ‘Fake news’ has become an accepted way to set up to introduce the children to aquaculture, to the various inform the public, and of course influencing young people is an species, to fish farming methods, and even to prepare the especially effective way to bring them into the fold. various seafood dishes.

An example from my own life may illustrate this. One of The turnout was quite impressive. A total of 650 children my sons was watching children’s television when he was from the age of 6 to 14 visited the stands, where a number quite young, and a programme about food and good nutrition of institutions showed the youngsters various aspects of repeatedly told the viewers that (too much) salt could be aquaculture. harmful. After a while, my son went about hiding all our Scientists from the Norwegian University of Science and saltshakers because he was afraid we might become sick or die.

Technology (NTNU) demonstrated what seaweed is and can be Young minds are indeed easily influenced. used for, and the children were invited to taste seaweed products.

So the fact that we, as an industry, try to educate the youngsters A diver brought various starfish, seaweed, mussels etc from the in what we consider to be a balanced and correct direction, bottom of the harbour, and a biologist showed tanks full of crabs, should be welcomed by the industry. But of course, we have to starfish, sea urchins and various fish species. Of course, salmon make sure that we give them a truthful view, and that we tell was well represented, and a salmon farmer told his audience them is indeed balanced and correct. how he grew salmon, from egg to harvest size, and the kids were

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

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Perendale Publishers Ltd 7 St George’s Terrace St James’ Square, Cheltenham, Glos, GL50 3PT, United Kingdom Tel: +44 1242 267700 Publisher Roger Gilbert rogerg@perendale.co.uk Managing Editor Joy (Jyothsna) Nelloolichalil joyn@perendale.co.uk

October 2023 Volume 26 Issue 10

IN THIS ISSUE

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

International Editors Dr Kangsen Mai (Chinese edition) mai@perendale.com Prof Antonio Garza (Spanish edition) antoniog@perendale.com Erik Hempel (Norwegian edition) erikh@perendale.com Editorial Advisory Panel - Dr Abdel- Fattah M. El- Sayed - Dr Alessio Bonaldo - Dr Allen Wu - Prof Charles Bai - Dr Daniel Merrifield - Dr Domique Bureau - Dr Elisabete Matos - Dr Eric De-Muylder - Dr Noor Khan - Dr Pedro Encarnacao

REGULAR ITEMS 8

42 Technology showcase

Editorial team Prof Simon Davies sjdaquafeed@gmail.com Shannon Parsons shannonp@perendale.co.uk

Industry News

52 Industry Events 60 The Market Place 64 The Aquafeed Interview 66

Niamh Cassidy niamhc@perendale.co.uk

Industry Faces

International Marketing Team Darren Parris Tel: +44 7854 436407 darrenp@perendale.co.uk Costa Skotidas +44 7826 545952 costas@perendale.co.uk Latin America Marketing Team Cristina María Roldán Otero Tel: +44 1242 267700 cristinaperendale@gmail.com Egyptian Marketing Team Mohamed Baromh Tel: +20 100 358 3839 mohamedb@perendale.com India Marketing Team Dr T.D. Babu +91 9884114721 tdbabu@aquafeed.org Asia Marketing Team Dante Feng Tel: +886 0227930286 dantef@perendale.com Nigeria Marketing Team Nathan Nwosu Tel: +234 8132 478092 nathann@perendale.com

The Aquaculture case study

48

Yabby farming

A sustainable and lucrative aquaculture venture

Digital community manager David Harvey davidh@perendale.co.uk Design Manager James Taylor jamest@perendale.co.uk Circulation & Events Manager Tuti Tan Tel: +44 1242 267706 tutit@perendale.co.uk Development Manager Antoine Tanguy antoinet@perendale.co.uk Aquafeed Journal journal@perendale.co.uk

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COLUMNS 3 Roger Gilbert

4 Professor Simon Davies 5

Erik Hempel

15 Brett Glencross

FEATURES 16 Feeds for organic fish production: Constraints and possibilities

20 Palatability enhancers and their long lasting effects

26 Singapore’s Marine Aquaculture Center: 20th Anniversary looks to the future

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY 34 Innovative Compressed Air Applications: Shaping a Sustainable Future for Aquaculture 38 Revolutionising Fish Feeding

44 Innovations at AQUANOR 2023

THE BIG PICTURE Innovations at AQUANOR 2023 See more on page 44

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ViAqua Therapeutics announces US$8.25M investment to scale RNA-based solutions in aquaculture

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unding will enable ViAqua to bring its first product to market, invest in R&D for future products, and prove the platform’s ability to deliver RNA-based solutions at scale.

ViAqua Therapeutics, a biotechnology company and developer of an orally administered RNA-particle platform to promote and improve animal health in aquaculture, announced it has completed a US$8.25 million round led by S2G Ventures with participation from Rabo Ventures, The Trendlines Group Ltd, Agriline Limited, Nutreco, I-Lab Angels and Circle Investments LLC. Aquaculture is essential for improving food security, providing a healthy and sustainable food source, and protecting wild fish stocks in the face of growing demand for marine protein. But disease management is currently the biggest issue facing the aquaculture industry, resulting in more than US$8.5 billion in economic impact for the shrimp industry alone, according to an analysis from Kontali.

To address this problem, ViAqua has developed a biotechnology-based oral delivery platform for the targeted administration of RNA-based solutions to improve disease resistance in aquaculture.

“Oral delivery is the holy grail of aquaculture health development due to both the impossibility of vaccinating individual shrimp and its ability to substantially bring down the operational costs of disease management while improving outcomes,” said Shai Ufaz, Chief Executive Officer of ViAqua. “We are excited to bring this technology to market to address the need for affordable disease solutions in aquaculture.”

Shrimp, one of the most widely consumed seafood products globally, in particular, are very susceptible to disease due to their lack of adaptive immune systems, and there are currently no products available that address shrimp disease today. The company’s first product is a feed supplement to enhance resistance to viral infections

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in shrimp, with the initial application targeting White Spot Virus (WSSV), which causes an annual loss of around US$3 billion and a 15 percent reduction in global shrimp production. This solution will provide much-needed production stability for farmers while also creating the opportunity to increase production per farm without increasing disease risk.

“Aquaculture is critical for the sustainable supply of marine protein,” said Kate Danaher, managing director of S2G Ventures’ Ocean and Seafood fund. “ViAqua’s platform technology will enable the company to move beyond WSSV to address numerous other diseases in aquaculture while similar technologies are still years away from reaching the market.”

ViAqua produces its capsule products using commercial, industrial processes and is scaling production to take its first product to market. With plans to begin production in India at the beginning of 2024, the company has established a commercial partnership through a joint development and marketing agreement with Skretting, a Nutreco company, to bring the product to the market.

While ViAqua is currently focused on shrimp production, the delivery technology has numerous applications in aquaculture and beyond, which the company is excited to explore.

“We are truly excited by the potential of ViAqua’s technology because of the value it unlocks for the planet and the farmers. Diseases cause mortality rates of up to 50 percent, which result in 25-30 percent of shrimp farms failing annually. This is tremendously unproductive and hurts a lot of livelihoods,” explained Shishir Sinha, investment director at Rabo Ventures. “Our bank’s aquaculture specialists Gorjan Nikolik and Novel Sharma were impressed by the game-changing impact potential of having a solution for an issue that has plagued the sector for decades and can make a meaningful difference in the lives of the smallholder farmers, who represent 80 percent of supply.”

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Garware on the way to sustainability

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he international company – global supplier of nets and ropes for aquaculture – manages its roadmap to become carbon neutral. “Our actions, products and commitments demonstrate a solid focus towards sustainability and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. By continuing to implement these practices, we contribute to mitigating climate change and promoting a more sustainable future,” says Gopakumar Menon, manager Americas Garware Technical Fibres.

Currently, 40 percent of the energy sources in its plants come from wind power. In the future, they project that 65 percent will come from a renewable energy source. The implementation of actions to reduce emissions, such as the adoption of renewable energy sources and the improvement of energy efficiency, has led to a significant reduction of 123 million kilograms of CO2 equivalent.

Regarding recycling and water conservation, Garware recycles 65 percent of the waste produced internally and sells the remaining 35 percent to other recyclers, in addition, it completely recycles the wastewater generated in its operations and reuses it in secondary applications, this the average water consumption has been reduced by 25 percent, if we compare the fiscal year 2021-22 with the fiscal year 2019. It has also significantly decreased the Greenhouse Gas Emissions per Ton of Production: Up 24 percent in FY21-22 compared to FY2019.

In this commitment to sustainability, Garware recently acquired a 26 percent stake in TP Bhaskar Renewables (TPBRL), which will enable the company to become a captive user of TPBRL generated solar ‘green energy’, encouraging the use of renewable sources of renewable energy. “Green energy is clean energy, it comes from an inexhaustible energy source, it does not generate polluting emissions or greenhouse gases, it promotes energy independence and generation for self-consumption, it is sustainable and it is implemented to diversify energy sources”, Menon comments.

Garware invests in scientific research and development to create the next generation of green products for the aquaculture industry; More than a decade ago, he set a vision for the company to work primarily on sustainable solutions. “We are pioneers in the introduction of HDPE in the aquaculture market, reducing the carbon footprint. Provide more than 25,000 metric tons of HDPE netting solutions to the aquaculture industry, leading to a reduction of 112.5 million kilograms of CO2 equivalent.

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05/08/2022

5:21 pm

IFFO unveils its Annual Conference’s detailed agenda

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FFO – The Marine Ingredients Organisation, announces its 61st Annual Conference, to be held from the 23rd to 25th October in Cape Town, South Africa. Open to IFFO Members and non-IFFO Members interested in the marine ingredients value chain, the conference will discuss the foremost issues shaping the future of nutrition, and the role marine ingredients will play. Registrations will end on the 6th October.

The conference provides a pre-competitive platform for sharing knowledge and making the most of networking opportunities amongst the thought leaders who represent the main marine ingredients market drivers: aquaculture, nutraceuticals and pet food.

Key themes include food security, omega-3, precision nutrition and ESG. The programme features presentations and panel discussions involving Professor Manuel Barange, Director of the FAO’s Fisheries and Aquaculture division, and David Pilling, African Editor at Financial Times. There will be interactive discussions on specialist topics looking at how ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) rating is impacting sourcing policies, how precision nutrition as well as feed footprint measurement and traceability requirements are shaping the feed sector and the role marine ingredients have to contribute to food security globally.

The Conference’s Market Forums will provide an unparalleled global outlook from across our industry, covering both the supply and demand of marine ingredients.

“We chose Cape Town for this year’s edition, after Lima in 2022 and Shanghai in 2019, because it fits with the marine ingredients industry’s involvement in global food security discussions and reflects the global presence of the industry, on all continents”, Petter Martin Johannessen, IFFO’s Director General explains.

The list of confirmed speakers is available on the IFFO website as well as the detailed agenda.

10 | October 2023 - International Aquafeed

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High Seas Treaty signed at United Nations

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he High Seas Treaty, also known as the agreement on Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction or ‘BBNJ’, was signed in New York on 20 September, in the margins of the United Nations High Level Week.

In addition to the EU as an organisation, many countries signed the treaty. The agreement provides for the common governance of about half of the Earth’s surface and 95 percent of the ocean’s volume, the largest habitat on our blue planet, to promote equity and fariness, tackle environmental degradation, fight climate change, and prevent biodiversity loss in the high seas The adoption of this agreement is a historic achievement marking the successful end of more than a decade of multilateral work. It complements the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), which provides the legal framework under which all human activities in the ocean take place.

“President of the Commission Ursula von der Leyen and Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez have signed the High Seas Treaty on behalf of the EU, leading by example other countries to do the same. It is a historic day for the protection of the High Seas!” said Commissioner for Environment, Oceans and Fisheries Virginijus Sinkevičius.

“But we need to keep working towards a swift ratification, with the hope that the treaty can enter into force by the June 2025 UN Ocean Conference in Nice, France.”

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The text of the treaty was agreed in March 2023 and formally adopted on 19 June, by consensus, at UN Headquarters in New York. It will enter into force after 60 ratifications.

A key role for the EU The EU and its Member States have played a key role in reaching the agreement, by leading a ‘High Ambition Coalition’ on BBNJ of 52 countries, committed at the highest political level.

The EU has also pledged to support the treaty’s implementation in particular by developing countries from the EU Global Ocean Programme.

It has invited members of the High Ambition Coalition on BBNJ to do the same within their capabilities.

Next steps Once ratified, the High Seas Treaty will allow the establishment of marine protected areas in the high seas at global level, safeguarding the ocean from human pressures in a major contribution to reducing climate change, to protecting biodiversity and achieving the objective to protect at least 30 percent of the planet by 2030. The treaty thus addresses a blaring gap in ocean protection, as only about one percent of the high seas is currently protected.

The treaty also sets a framework for a fair and equitable sharing of monetary and non-monetary benefits from marine genetic resources, and for capacity building and transfer of marine technologies to developing countries, as well as a voluntary fund to support developing countries to achieve UN Sustainable Development Goal 14 on ‘Life Below Water’.

Background Areas beyond national jurisdiction comprise the high seas and the seabed beyond national jurisdiction.

They contain marine resources and biodiversity and provide invaluable ecological, economic, social, cultural, scientific and food security benefits to humanity. However, they are under mounting pressure from pollution, overexploitation, climate change and biodiversity loss.

For better addressing these challenges, and in view of future increasing demands for marine resources (for food, medication, energy, for example), it appeared necessary to establish a new treaty.

This High Seas Treaty should also be instrumental for increasing coherence, coordination and synergies among the ocean-related activities carried out by many organisations and stakeholders, thus contributing to a more holistic management of activities in the high seas.

12 | October 2023 - International Aquafeed

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Asian-Pacific Aquaculture 2024 announces new dates

ommercial and recreational water users in Co Tyrone are being urged to enhance their biosecurity measures after tests have confirmed an outbreak of Crayfish plague in the Upper Ballinderry River catchment.

A number of dead native white-clawed crayfish (Austropotamobius pallipes) were discovered during routine freshwater invertebrate monitoring surveys along the stretch of the Upper Ballinderry River at Ardtrea Bridge between Cookstown and Coagh earlier this month.

NIEA’s invasive species specialist, Rose Muir, said tests have confirmed the crayfish kill was caused by an outbreak of Crayfish plague (Aphanomyces astaci), which is a type of water mould.

“Such outbreaks are characterised by significant moralities of native crayfish without any apparent effect on other aquatic organisms. The disease is harmless to people, pets, livestock and all other freshwater organisms,” said Rose.

“This organism has the potential to severely damage the crayfish population and removes a key species from the eco system which can affect other species who rely on it, thereby causing an ecological imbalance in the river.

“We are urging all water users in this area to take extra precautions and observe the ‘Check, Clean, Dry’ biosecurity protocols after leaving the river or before returning to it again.”

If you come across dead crayfish in the area, the advice from NIEA is to report but not touch any dead fish. “The disease tends to move upstream, but at this location it is already quite high up the catchment, so there may be moralities further downstream. Our field staff will be checking for, and collecting, dead crayfish to establish the extent of the outbreak.

“In the meantime, we would ask anyone who finds infected crayfish to provide details of the location, images and any other details to the nvasive Non-Native Species Team at invasivespecies@daera-ni.gov.uk or Tel: 028 9056 9558. Non-native invasive species such as American signal crayfish should be reported at National Museums NI website,” added Rose.

HEALTH IS AT THE HEART OF OUR CONCERNS

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Water users urged to enhance biosecurity

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he Asian Pacific Aquaculture 2024 which was initially planned to take place June 11 to 14, 2024 in Surabaya, Indonesia, will now be held on July 2-5, 2024, instead. The Steering Committee and the organiser of APA24 have taken this decision as Indonesia will be holding its presidential elections on June 12, 2024.

The APA2024 will remain at the same venue – Grand City Hall Surabaya, Indonesia over the new sow dates on July 2-5, 2024. For those who have previously registered to attend the event, your current registration and exhibition booth details will be transferred over to the new dates by default. The abstract deadline submission has been rescheduled to January 31, 2024.

The company apologises for any inconvenience this may cause and appreciate peoples understanding.

They say they will be keeping people informed and look forward to meeting everyone in Surabaya Indonesia.

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www.adisseo.com International Aquafeed - October 2023 | 13

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14 | October 2023 - International Aquafeed

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We can help you improve your pellet durability testing...

Brett Glencross How deep is that footprint?

R

ecently I was experimenting with various salmon feed formulations and ended up investigating the impacts that introducing constraints to the carbon footprint might bring in terms of ingredient sourcing options. To do this I simply used the same approach we would traditionally use to achieve least-cost linear formulating on diet composition optimisation, but in this case, it was simply extended to include data from the Global Feed LCA Institutes (GFLI) database.

The exercise showed several things. Firstly, that it was relatively straightforward exercise to include carbon footprint as a formulation parameter. The wide range of data in the GFLI database allowed various ingredient options to be considered, but I chose to stick to the regional European resourcing (RER) category for simplicity’s sake and comparative exercise. I then formulated a standard grower diet for a 1000g Atlantic salmon (something akin to 36 percent digestible protein, 30 percent lipid, 20.0 MJ of digestible energy and balanced for all the usual micronutrients). A standard salmon diet like this had a carbon footprint around 2250 kg CO2-equilaent per tonne of feed. I then progressively introduced constraints to the carbon footprint until I reached a carbon footprint around 1600 kg CO2-equivalent per tonne of feed. Now, assuming current ingredient prices (or there abouts), this exercise showed that a 29 percent decrease in carbon footprint of the feed only increased the formulation cost by about 3.2 percent.

What was just as interesting as the cost observation, was the change in ingredient profile as the carbon footprint was decreased. Here we saw the clear reduction in certain agricultural commodities and an increase in the use of marine ingredients.

Notably the use of fishmeal increased from about 11 percent to over 33 percent in the formulation as the carbon footprint was increasingly constrained. Not only was there a three-times increase in fishmeal use, but there was also a clear trend towards increasing the utilisation of by-product fishmeals because of the low footprint they possess. Now with each of the major European salmon feed companies making public statements about how they intend to decrease the carbon footprint of their feeds by a third or more by 2030, it makes you think about what ingredients will be preferentially sourced to chase that target.

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Feeds for organic fish production Constraints and possibilities

A

by Robert Tillner, Product Manager, Aller Aqua, Denmark

quaculture, the cultivation of aquatic species such as fish, shellfish, and aquatic plants, has increased in popularity as a solution to satisfy the rising global demand for seafood. Nevertheless, the industry's expansion has raised apprehension over its ecological effects and the viability of its methods. In response to these worries, the idea of implementing feeds approved for organic production in aquaculture has become more prominent. Feeds approved for organic production provide a promising solution to enhance the sustainability of aquaculture operations, while ensuring the health of both farmed organisms and the ecosystems in which they reside.

Organic aquaculture refers to the process of producing aquatic organisms according to standards for organic farming and legislation, which cover the entire production chain, as well as labelling, controls, and trade. This method prioritises practices that preserve biodiversity, make responsible use of natural resources and uphold a high level of animal welfare, among other principles. In the European Union, the European Union organic logo outlines an extensive set of regulations and recommendations enabling producers to promote their organic goods and granting customers quick identification and confidence

in certification. Despite being a fledgling industry, organic aquaculture growth has plateaued, presently accounting for only 1-2 percent of total aquaculture production in Western European countries. Most of the organic aquaculture production in Europe is dominated by Atlantic salmon, Common carp, and Rainbow trout. However, there has been increasing interest in Italy for organic production of Sea bass and Sea bream (Sicuro, 2019).

The current article provides an overview of current constraints and opportunities related to fish feed that can be used in organic fish farming, from the perspective of fish feed producers. For more detailed information, readers are directed to the excellent review by Mente et al. (2019). Throughout this text, fish feeds approved for organic fish production will be simply referred to as ‘organic feed’.

16 | October 2023 - International Aquafeed

Understanding fish feed for organic aquaculture

Organic feeds in aquaculture refer to feed formulations that adhere to strict organic production standards and legislation. These guidelines cover various aspects, such as the sourcing of raw materials, processing methods, and environmental sustainability. The main aim of using such feeds is to minimise the negative impact of aquaculture on the environment and to ensure the welfare of farmed organisms. Furthermore, organic feeds exclude the use of raw materials derived from genetically modified organisms (GMOs).

Aller Aqua is approved by the Danish Agricultural Agency under the Ministry of Environment and Food of Denmark. Aller Aqua is subject to yearly audits in the regulatory requirements that is mandatory for authorisation to produce fish feed for organic production. The authorisation encompasses the treatment of raw materials, such as traceability and documentation as well as segregation between organic and other raw materials, the production steps, which include milling, mixing, and bagging, must be carried out in accordance with established protocols, proper storage procedures are essential for both raw materials and finished goods, sales activities must adhere to accepted labelling and transport guidelines and if exporting to third countries, all necessary regulations must be met.

Specifically, the production of organic feed necessitates recorded procedures and processes within the company, including procurement and supplier management, goods receipt, manufacturing, labelling, and sales. Moreover, the cleaning protocols in the factory and cleaning between batches are documented pre-goods receipt and during manufacture respectively. Furthermore, a thorough quality control is carried out on both raw materials and finished products.

Constraints and considerations

The use of only approved raw materials by legislation in organic feeds inevitably limits the variety and availability of these materials for formulating fish feed when compared to non-organic feed. The choice is restricted to only a few raw

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performance comparison between organic and non-organic feed. Extensive trials conducted at Aller Aqua Research using trout of different sizes have demonstrated excellent growth performance and feed conversion with organic feed, nearly on par with non-organic feed. A study conducted by Siano et al.

(2016) found marginally higher mineral levels in Sea bass when fed with organic feed as opposed to non-organic feed. Regarding environmental discharge, sea bass and sea bream exhibited a greater excretion of nitrogen and in particular phosphorus when fed organic feed compared to non-organic feed (BallesterMolto et al., 2016). The increase in phosphorus discharge in organic feed is mainly due to the higher phosphorus content of organically certified fishmeal derived from trimmings and a more unpredictable digestibility of phosphorus in organic feeds.

It is clear that the use of raw materials for organic fish feed has a beneficial impact on the environment, specifically in reducing dependence on wild fish stocks. However, certain regulations can contradict other environmental laws. One notable instance is the restricted discharge of phosphorus and nitrogen in Sea trout farming in Denmark. This conflicts with the use of fishmeal from trimmings abundant in phosphorus and the requirement to incorporate considerable amounts of aforementioned fishmeal in organic feed to attain the aimed protein content.

D

materials that are of significant volume and availability, leading to an eventual increase in organic feed prices and making them more prone to price fluctuations of their main ingredients.

Additionally, several additives and functional ingredients may not be obtainable in their organically certified form, which restricts the availability of features and benefits customers demand in non-organic fish feeds. Expanding the certification of a greater range of raw materials in the future will facilitate the provision of a wider selection for organic feed formulation.

In this respect, organic feeds can be deemed more traditional in their composition as they tend to contain a higher proportion of fishmeal in comparison to their non-organic and contemporary equivalents. Organically certified fishmeal is primarily sourced from trimmings and/or fisheries that are sustainably managed.

The utilisation of trimmings in organic feeds has the significant benefit of reducing reliance on wild fish stocks in terms of sustainability. Furthermore, plant protein and other raw materials for organic feeds may come from by-products of food processing for human consumption. Procuring adequate quantities of feed ingredients certified as organic, particularly alternative protein sources, can be problematic due to their limited availability and high demand. With this in mind, organic feeds are formulated according to the nutritional needs of the fish species of interest while ensuring their health, well-being, and high final product quality. The high proportion of fishmeal in organic feed may be justified to meet the high protein requirements of carnivorous juveniles, given the lack of other organically certified raw materials that are rich in protein.

Experiences in research and markets

The formulation of organic feed is conditional on the species which has a market for organic products. The demand is stable for organically certified Atlantic salmon, Rainbow trout, Sea bass and Sea bream markets, while organic products might become more prevalent for other fish species in the future. Producers who sell such products depend on consumers being willing to pay more to offset the increased costs of producing fish that are organically certified. However, producers encounter obstacles when trying to increase their market shares, as indicated by Sicuro's (2019) analysis of Italy.

There is a scarcity of research and information on the

Conclusion and outlook

The integration of feeds with organic certification into aquaculture practices represents a significant advancement towards a more sustainable and responsible seafood industry.

With the increasing global demand for seafood, the significance of lessening the environmental impact of aquaculture cannot be overstated. Organic feeds offer a way to mitigate the adverse effects connected with conventional aquafeeds, promoting both environmental health and the welfare of farmed organisms.

Through research, investment, and commitment from stakeholders in the aquaculture sector, the vision of a thriving and sustainable industry can be realised. This will benefit both present and future generations.

Ongoing research should focus on formulating organic feeds for different species which consider their nutritional requirements and growth patterns, thus optimising their growth potential.

References are available on request.

18 | October 2023 - International Aquafeed

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Palatability enhancers and their long lasting effects

O

by Mikael Herault, R&D Performance Measurement Manager & Vincent Fournier, R&D Manager, Symrise Aqua Feed, Germany

nutritional compositions or palatability enhancers. Currently, ver the three past years, Diana new results highlight the long-term benefits of dietary PE Aqua, recently renamed Symrise supplementations in marine carnivorous fish species, despite Aqua Feed has published several significant dietary changes. articles demonstrating the benefits of protein hydrolysates-based palatability enhancers (PE) for Making fish meal-free diet palatable aquafeeds. We have demonstrated Feedback from the industry indicates marine carnivorous fish a wide range of applications in juveniles are usually fed with 20-25 percent fishmeal (FM) diets marine carnivorous fish species while grow-out fish are fed with 10-15 percent FM diets. These where growth performance improved when using dietary PE: fish figures are confirmed by a recent review made by Naylor et al. meal replacement, medicated feed, environmental or husbandry (2021). stress mitigations (Seguin et al., 2020). Through top coating In a recent study, Symrise Aqua Feed evaluated the long-term application and a specific PE formulation, including marine impact of a two percent liquid PE supplementation, when topprotein hydrolysate, we show there are cost reductions making coated on practical diets for the European seabass Dicentrarchus it scalable to all fish growth stages, from larval to grow-out labrax juveniles. There were six graded levels of fishmeal. The diets. Specific PE applications were successfully extrapolated to Asian seabass (Seguin et Table 1: Experimental diet formulations for European seabass juveniles. al., 2021) but also to Atlantic FM0 FM5 FM10 FM15 FM20 FM25 salmon, where the industry is Fish meal SA Super Prime 68% CP 0.0% 2.5% 5.0% 7.5% 10.0% 12.5% already very well optimised Fish meal NA Standard 70% CP 0.0% 2.5% 5.0% 7.5% 10.0% 12.5% (Fournier and Herault, 2021).

Corn Gluten 60%CP 17.4% 15.8% 14.3% 12.7% 11.1% 9.5% More recently, we showed Wheat Gluten 80%CP 22.9% 20.8% 18.7% 16.6% 14.5% 12.4% that it was possible to increase Sunflower meal 35%CP 10.6% 10.3% 10.0% 9.7% 9.5% 9.2% feed acceptance of the tilapia Soya Cake 48%CP 15.5% 14.8% 14.1% 13.4% 12.7% 12.0% and butter catfish (Ompok Wheat dehulled 10%CP 10.8% 11.3% 11.8% 12.3% 12.8% 13.3% bimaculatus) by top coating Methionine 0.6% 0.5% 0.5% 0.4% 0.4% 0.3% dietary protein hydrolysate supplementations (Herault et al., Lysine 1.8% 1.6% 1.4% 1.2% 1.0% 0.9% 2022), hence resulting in much MCP 2.9% 2.6% 2.3% 2.0% 1.7% 1.4% lower farm feeding costs. This Fish oil 15.2% 14.8% 14.5% 14.1% 13.8% 13.4% is even though freshwater fish Micro-ingredients (Premix and antioxidants) 1.2% 1.2% 1.2% 1.2% 1.2% 1.2% species are known to be much Cellulose 1.2% 1.2% 1.3% 1.4% 1.4% 1.5% less requiring in terms of diet 20 | October 2023 - International Aquafeed

experimental diet formulations are presented in Table 1. All experimental diets were balanced to meet nutritional requirements of the European seabass and were iso-nutritional for dry matter, crude protein, crude fat and energy (CP 44±0.4%; CF 15.1± 0.2%; Energy 5.2±0.07 Kcal/g).

The six practical diets had graded fishmeal levels from 0 (fish meal-free diet) to 25 percent(most conservative diet), top-coated or without two percent liquid PE (Extrapal). In the experimental design, these 12 dietary groups were randomly allocated to 2 tanks of 100L capacity, supplied with thermoregulated filtrated seawater (20±1°C, 250% renewal rate). Fish were fed ad libitum with automatic feeders (Arvotech, Finland) for 37 days while feed waste were daily quantified to adjust feeding rates. Growth results are presented in figures 1 and 2 while feed conversion ratios (FCRs) values are illustrated in figure 3.

Long lasting benefits of palatability enhancers

These results show that a two percent liquid PE supplementation can significantly improve growth

Figure 1: Specific growth rates (SGR) observed after 37 days feeding trials in European seabass juveniles fed graded levels of fishmeal (FM, from 0% to 25%), supplemented or not with 2% liquid PE. Different letters above the bars indicate statistically significant difference at P<0.001 (1 way ANOVA & LSD post-hoc test).

Figure 2: Modelled specific growth rates (SGR) observed after 37 days feeding trials in European seabass juveniles fed graded levels of fishmeal (FM, from 0 to 25%), supplemented, or not, with 2% liquid palatability enhancer. ANOVA applied on linear regressions confirm significant differences for modelled curve slopes constants (p<0.01).

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performance of the European seabass juveniles at all tested fishmeal levels.

Supplementing a fishmeal-free diet with only two percent liquid PE allowed to yield the same growth performance as a 20% FM diet. This suggests promising possibilities in terms of cost savings and reduction of carnivorous fish diet environmental footprint and FIFO (Fish-In Fish-Out), particularly during the more demanding nursery phases.

The trial duration was 37 days, which means that these observed benefits are long Figure 3: Modelled feed conversion ratio (FCR) observed after 37 days feeding trials lasting and are assumed to remain over the in European seabass juveniles fed graded levels of fishmeal (FM, from 0 to 25%), supplemented, or not, with 2% liquid palatability enhancer. ANOVA applied on linear whole fish growth cycle. This statement regressions confirm significant differences for modelled curve slopes constants (p<0.05). can be supported further by the fact that FCRs were not negatively impacted over this duration for PE supplemented dietary groups. The poorest observed FCR average values for PE supplemented dietary groups was approximately 1.26, which corresponds to the FCR normally observed, in laboratory conditions, for the non-supplemented FM20 dietary group.

As expected, modelled growth curves (Figures 2 and 3) confirm that the growth gain, resulting from the use of a PE, will be proportionally higher at lower dietary fishmeal levels. When extrapolated, we may assume this gain could be lower and less significant at above 27-30 percent FM levels. We propose at these high fishmeal Figure 4: Specific growth rates (SGR) observed after 21 days feeding trials in European levels, using a mix of standard and premium seabass juveniles fed graded levels of fishmeal (FM, from 10 to 40%), supplemented, or not, fishmeal, diet palatability is already optimal, with 2% liquid palatability enhancer, in cold water conditions. Different letters above the bars indicate statistically significant difference at P<0.001 (1 way ANOVA & LSD post-hoc and therefore when reared under optimal test). conditions, the fish cannot eat or grow any further.

Interestingly, under challenging conditions, it seems possible to protein and crystalline free amino acids. further enhance palatable diets containing high levels of quality The experimental design was very similar to the previous one, fishmeal as we demonstrated in another trial with the European except it was implemented at 11.7°C which is natural seawater seabass reared under cold water conditions. temperature instead of 20.0°C (thermo-regulated). Each dietary group was randomly allocated to 3 tanks of 100L capacity. Fish Dietary palatability can mitigate stress perception were fed ad libitum to maximise dietary palatability performance A 21-day feeding trial was implemented in Symrise Aqua and resulting growth performance are illustrated in figures 4 and 5.

Feed’s testing facilities with European seabass juveniles (mean Fish growth rates were understandably impacted by the weight: 13.0g). Three graded fishmeal levels were tested (10, reductions in water temperatures as values were approximately 20 and 40 percent), with or without two percent liquid PE 65 percent lower than in the previous feeding trial. Additionally, supplementation, top-coated. Feed formulations were as in table all PE supplemented groups yielded a significantly higher growth 1, with fishmeal mixes being partly replaced with a mix of plant rate compared to their basal dietary benchmarks and again, the

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International Aquafeed - October 2023 | 23

observed gap was higher for fish fed diets with lower dietary fishmeal levels as compared with fish fed diets with higher fishmeal levels. Nevertheless, contrary to what occurred at optimal rearing conditions of 20°C, at lower temperatures, feed acceptances were not at their physiological maximum for higher dietary fish meal levels and they could therefore still be further enhanced with PE supplementation.

Therefore, fish fed the FM40 diet showed growth rates 10.5 percent higher Figure 5: Modelled Specific growth rate (SGR) observed after 21 days feeding trials in European seabass juveniles fed graded levels of fish meal (FM, from 10 to 40%), with PE supplementation (p-v<0.001). supplemented or not, with 2% liquid palatability enhancer, in cold water conditions.

Modeled growth curves, illustrated ANOVA applied on linear regressions confirm significant differences for modelled curve slopes constants (p<0.001). in figure 5, clearly show that, under challenging environmental conditions, a growth plateau was absent at higher requirements, fishmeal replacement needs for a lower dietary fishmeal levels and that two percent PE supplementation environmental footprint, possible palatability issues resulting will result in approximately 0.15 percent/day more growth at from use of plant protein or that of novel proteins. Marine fish equivalent dietary fishmeal levels (as calculated by the difference are highly susceptible to environmental, or husbandry stressors, between two growth curves constants). increasing disease outbreak risks.

This feeding trial, combined to other unpublished results These results from Symrise Aqua Feed demonstrate its liquid (available upon request), confirms that dietary PE, especially palatability enhancer, when used at low dosages (one to two when formulated with marine protein hydrolysate and specific percent depending on pellet size), can be a cost-effective solution. palatable ingredients, can play a significant role in mitigating Dietary supplementation with Extrapal, a PE specifically environmental, or husbandry, stress perception by fish and reduce designed for marine carnivorous fish species, resulted in longtheir adverse effects on zootechnical performance. lasting enhanced growth and feed performance. The differential Marine carnivorous fish are generally the most profitable gains were even higher, proportionally, under challenging aquaculture segments, but they also pose the greater challenges conditions, either dietary or environmental. for feed formulators such as higher macro/micronutrient

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24 | October 2023 - International Aquafeed

Singapore’s Marine Aquaculture Center

20th Anniversary looks to the future

by Roger Gilbert, International Aquafeed

A panel of experts, moderated by MAC’s Deputy Director of Urban Food Solutions, Dr Rui Alexandre Gonçalves (left), answers questions posed by delegates

Understanding Asia’s aquaculture prowess was a key objective of the presentation Dr Albert Tacon, owner and founder of AquaHana LLC in Hawaii, made at a symposium celebrating the 20th anniversary of Singapore’s Marine Aquaculture Centre (MAC) on August 14, 2023 when he spoke on ‘Aquaculture - The past, the present and the future.’

The 20th Anniversary not only celebrated the development and growth of the MAC on Singapore’s St John’s Island but underscored the determination of the Singapore government to build the agri-food industry’s capability and capacity to sustainably produce 30 percent of the country’s nutritional needs by 2030.

Aquaculture is to play an important part in meeting this target.

Dr Tacon outlined the total global capture fisheries landing since 2000, which have fluctuated between 85 million tonnes and 100 million tonnes over the past 20 years finishing at 92.3 million tonnes landed in 2021 according to FAO 2023.

This suggested a plateau in wild caught fish for human consumption.

Meanwhile total global aquaculture production, including algae and molluscs, over the same period has increased from 40 million tonnes to over 126 million tonnes. The latter showing an increase of 5.25 percent per year on average.

This is providing the world with a combined total of 218.4 million tonnes of aquatic products in 2021. Yet demand for aquaculture and fish food products continues to grow.

Behind these figures are some insightful statistics Dr Tacon told his audience.

Aquaculture, which produced 126 million tonnes in 2021 has a combined worldwide value of US$296.5 billion.

“We are farming some 455 different species of fin fish to provide

59.5 million tonnes of fish for human consumption which has a value of US$156 billion,” he says.

That value has been growing by 3.3 percent per year since 2015.

Finfish accounts for 47 percent of the total weight of aquaculture production globally.

Of molluscs, which account for 14.5 percent of global tonnage, has 115 farmed species and provides 18.5 millions tonnes at a total value of US$31 billion.

Crustaceans on the other hand has 73 farmed species with a total tonnage output of 11.9 million tonnes at a value of US$85.5 billion and just under 10 percent of the world total tonnage of aquaculture.

Finally, Dr Tacon highlighted aquatic plant. There are 48 species farmed which produce 35 million tonnes annually at a combined value US$15.5 billion; and account for 28 percent of the total tonnage.

He also pointed out that freshwater fish made up 83.5 percent of all finfish farmed while marine species and diadromous species (those that migrate between salt and fresh water) account for 10.3 percent and 6.2 percent respectively based on 59.5 million tonnes produced in 2021.

The top finfish producers are China at 47 percent, India (14%), Indonesia (7.6%), Vietnam (5.6%), Bangladesh (4.2%), Norway (2.8%) and Egypt (2.6%).

For Mollusks, which includes oysters, clams, scallops, mussels and abalone, etc China claims top ranking at 84 percent of the 18.5 million tonnes produced with Korea (2.4%), Chile (2.3%), Vietnam (1.9%) and Japan (1.7%).

Crustraceans, which include shrimp, crabs and freshwater crustaceans, shows China again at top with 54 percent followed by Vietnam (9%), India (8.9%), Indonesia (8.1%), Ecuador (7.5%), Thailand (3.6%), Mexico (1.5%) and Bangladesh (1.3%).

For aquatic plans at 35 million tonnes and split equally between red and brown seaweeds, it’s again China the top producer accounting for 61.5 percent Indonesia (25.8%), Korea (5.2%), Philippines (3.8%), North Korea (1.7%) and Japan (1.0%).

Dr Tacon shared several slides showing Asia’s dominance in aquaculture production compared to the America, Europe and Africa: Asia accounts for 91.6 percent of global aquaculture production with China producing 57.8 percent of the 126 million tonnes in 2021.

The America’s account for 3.5 percent, Europe 2.8 percent and Africa 1.9 percent leaving just 0.2 percent produced in Oceania. All these figures are FAO sourced.

26 | October 2023 - International Aquafeed

Speakers and organisers gather for a group photo following the MAC Conferencce held in the Singapore Food Agency’s conference rooms

Pole Position!

Challenges

A key message from his presentation centred about the issues and challenges facing the aquaculture sector.

“At present most major fed finfish operations are practiced in public water bodies - such as lakes, reservoirs, rivers and coastal waters – and are within intensive, floating net/cage farming operations which offer little if no environmental control.

“These operations offer poor biosecurity, have difficulty managing disease outbreaks, have fish escapes, pollution impacts, animal predation and conflicts with other users such as fisherman and tourists.”

He adds, that these operations are also dependent feed imports, wild captured fish for sourcing fishmeal and fish oils and have low public appreciation by the media in most non-Asian countries.

“Most of our seas are treated as reused bins and what is out of sight is out of mind,” he adds.

Dr Tacon pointed out that there were good reasons for aquaculture to take a more positive lead in food production, by considering the following seven points: • Increases in the global consumption of a more healthy diet that includes aquatic foods • A move towards indoors, closed, bio-secure farming systems • Improvement in the genetics and the develop sustainable aqua feeds • Expanding aquatic plants and non-fed species • Development and expansion of large-scale, off-shore aquaculture operations • Greater automation and digitalisation of aquatic production • Progress toward the mass production of affordable lab-grown seafood Dr Tacon says aquatic food production - both cultured and captured - would be central to providing societies with affordable and sustainable healthy diets that address both food security and help reduce malnutrition.

He spent some time talking about over-nutrition and obesity and pointed to the rapid rise in fast foods due to their lower costs and affordability, bigger portion sizes and increased convenience in addition to taste in driving populations now challenged with over-nutrition.

To illustrate the point, he compared the protein and fats provided from terrestrial animals with those provided by aquatic animals.

He also pointed out the nutritional contribution aquatic plants can provide for human nutrition in the form of essential amino acids, essential fatty acids, soluble and insoluble fibre, essential minerals, such as iodine, iron, zinc, copper, magnesium and potassium together with essential vitamins.

“Yet, the global importance of aquatic foods in human nutrition is a much-needed healthy food source that should not be overlooked,” he adds.

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International Aquafeed - October 2023 | 27

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

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In contrast to wild-caught fish, he says, “The nutritional profile of farmed fish and crustaceans can be enhanced and tailored to meet consumer needs through feeding the specific nutrients, including omega-3 fatty acids (EPA/DHA), minerals and vitamins, to influence the fillet protein, lipid or calorific density.”

He adds more finfish must be grown indoors, moving away from outdoor open cages and pond-based farming systems.

“Closed indoor farming systems can implement strict controls on optimising environmental rearing conditions including water quality, farm biosecurity, minimising animal stress and maximising animal growth and feed efficiency 24-7 - and be out of the public eye.

“Most terrestrial livestock production is conducted indoors for the very same reasons.”

He also referenced the practice of artificial ‘upwelling’ of nutrient rich seawaters in the ’twilight zone’ of the ocean – that depth is between 200m-1000m below the surface - to provide and mix nutrients, such as phytoplankton’s, in the ‘sunlit zone’ to increase natural fish feed availability.

This can be achieved through using wave energy and solar power at sea, he says.

The key to success – Live food

Phytoplankton’s was a topic the second speaker took up.

Professor Patrick Sorgeloos, Emeritus Professor of Aquaculture at Ghent University in Belgium. He addressed the symposium on: ‘Live Food - The key success factor for marine hatcheries.’

He took the audience through the various stages of domestication of selective breeding and says the key to successful aquaculture was the “predictable and cost-effective availability of high-quality fry, fingerlings, post larvae and seed spores.”

However, fish and crustacean larvae have primitive digestive systems and rely on live food and plankton.

He addressed micro algae, rotifers and Artemia production in his presentation.

Zooplankton is a natural food source in the environment and maximises the chances of meeting all the nutritional requirements of fry and fingerlings.

Live food diets were pioneered in Japan in the 1970s and .

To achieve high survival rates and high-quality fry, high-quality algae remain fundamental, he adds.

Of Artemia production from hatching through to separation, cleaning and cold storage he said there were no standard protocols in use which meant temperature variations, mixed harvests, risk of high vibrio load and an overall loss of nutritional value. He called for stricter application of protocols.

Cold storage of enriched Artemia nauplii should have 30-35ppt, temperature between 4-10 degree C, density of up to 5000ind/ml, aeration soft point plus aeration collar and oxygen concentration of up to 4ppm for duration of 24 hours.

He specified good aquaculture hatchery practices had to be revised with a focus not just on feed quality and safety when using live food but water quality and water treatment with a focus on microbial contamination which is being underestimated.

Live food needs to be Vibrio-free in order to optimise their impact and give greater control over production. He also pointed to shorter retention times for food particles, more automation and the benefits of having large multi-compartment bio-filters in RAS systems.

Sustainable production

Engineer Piet Verstraete, the managing director of 4SEA Consulting Limited of the UK, reviewed: ‘Feed design for warm water marine fish: What is missing for sustainable production?’

He began by identifying a raw material bottleneck for aquaculture in terms of critical nutrients that meet the requirements of individual

Mr Melvin Chow, Senior Director for Urban Food Solutions Division, outlines the afternoon programme

fish species that can maximise efficiency while meeting sustainability requirements - with the main goal of improving FCR. The ‘bottleneck’ has been created by the effects of the pandemic, the conflict in Ukraine, climatic change and erratic fishing.

He highlighted price changes over the past three years showing corn and wheat rising and falling back to just over US$240/tonne, while soybean meal at 47 percent protein is continuing to rise and has been at US$550/tonne at the end of July this year. Since January 2020 corn and wheat are up 20 percent while soybean meal at 47 percent is up by 60 percent.

But it’s in the fishmeal market that has unsettled the industry most - with fish oil omega 3 quadrupling and making a one percent HUFA addition, added to a tonne of feed, increasing the price per tonne by US$300.

“HUFA in marine fish is a requirement both for the fish and for the consumer,” says Dr Verstraete.

He says digestible energy drives growth and FCR, it impacts fish health and fish quality and that digestible protein requirement and digestible energy are linked.

There are also big differences in energy requirements and sources of energy between species.

He adds, as an example, that Asian seabass appear to have only a limited capacity to use lipid as a primary energy source and that excessive digestible energy coming from starch leads to lipid accumulation.

To achieve sustainable feed production practical research is an essential staring point in building up a knowledge base of ingredients and their functional qualities. The industry must adopt sustainable sourcing and identify novel ingredients in order to overcome the nutrition gape through more functional additives and improved premixes and not overlooking the development of advanced processing technology.

Complete fishmeal fish oil replacement

An evaluation of the complete replacement of both fishmeal (FM) and fish oil (FO) in diets for juvenile Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer, was carried out by a research team including Brett Glencross, David Blyth , Simon Irvin , Nicholas Bourne, Marcel Campet, Pascal Boisot and Nicholas M Wade.

The findings from this study, says Piet Verstraete, demonstrate that there is clear potential to reduce both the fishmeal and fish oil content of barramundi diets to as little as 10 percent fishmeal and zero fish oil without loss in productivity.

However, at this level of inclusion of FM and FO there are substantial impacts on the fatty acid profile of the fish, most notably the LC-PUFA levels which are about one third of those of the fish fed the control diet.

Importantly, for most of the inclusion levels of both FM and FO used in this study, the production of barramundi was demonstrated to be ‘fish-production-positive’ with more fish being produced than that being used to provide the feed. This therefore provides solid support

International Aquafeed - October 2023 | 29

for notion of sound feed sustainability for production of barramundi.

Sustainable sourcing and alternative ingredients will require more certified products and by-products and feed manufacturers should know what they are buying and from whom: especially for ingredients coming from fish and squid from the sea; salmon and pangasius oil and shrimp and mussel meal from aquaculture; deforestation LCA certification for plant-based ingredients and the use of single cell protein, algae and insect products from novel sources.

An investment in advanced feed manufacturing technology with a cost of depreciation at US$20-25/tonne can be offset by the saving of one percent of fishmeal (US$22/tonne), one percent of fish oil (US$60/tonne) and one percent losses which would otherwise have occurred in non-conformity, fines and dust (US$15-20/tonne) when compared to older machine operating at excessive temperatures, etc.

“Sustainability starts with performance from fry quality to genetics to disease control to farm management that allows the maximum efficiency to be achieved from the feed used,” he concluded.

The possible

The final presentation was made by Dr Richard Le Boucher, the Director of Commercial Strategy Aquaculture and Head of Precision Aquaculture at Temasek Life Science Laboratory in Singapore. He spoke to the subject of: ‘Genetics - The possible and the impossible.’

He says that in the current aquaculture genetic markers there is no guarantee of genetic progress as there are no published index nor prediction accuracy or proof of repeatability.

However, there are genetic selection advantages for strategic marketing, based on a customer’s preferences and optimal animal husbandry where productive traits are enhanced and population rises, such as disease due to inbreeding and the indirect selection of unwanted traits, are mitigated..

He quoted examples of where genetic selection in chickens and milk-producing cows had gone wrong and pointed to the fact that too intensive selection can lead to unwanted inbreeding depression. He talked about the potential decrease in fertility and reduced egg weights in trout as another example where rapid inbreeding can occur over three or four generations.

Genetic selection needs national support through technical institutes backed by government or are associated with a national funding strategies as they are a cost centre and not expected to make profit, he says.

He adds genetic selection in aquaculture requires: • Profound expertise in animal husbandry • Maintenance of a genetic database • Overseeing animal maturation, mating plans, sex ratios and spawning • Accurate and rapid data collection (tagging/DNA sampling) • Daily collaboration with geneticists, reproductive biologists, and veterinarians • Regular utilization of biostatistics and • Sorting, sorting, sorting and more sorting ...

The genetic progress increases with the quantity of initial candidates (scale effect). This increase requires larger facilities and more resources, he adds.

“It is possible to select vegetarian trout that grow faster on 100 percent plant-based diets. Notable improvements in survival rate, mean body weight and biomass after a single generation (15.1%, 35.3% and 54.4% respectively).

These were sustained improvements observed over three generations of selection.

Other points he noted included: • Exploring profitability in commercial genetic selection implementation, assessing commercial viability • Is there substantial market demand for sustainably-fed fish?

• What are the potential costs involved in implementing genetic selection?

• A ‘passive’ selection strategy could be more cost-effective, provided the 100 percent plant-based diets align with the nutritional needs of the fish, he adds.

In conclusion he added genetic innovations should complement existing selection practices and that there is no genomic selection without ‘hand net’ selection, and no ‘hand net’ selection without a partnership with a good quality hatchery.

Other concluding points include: • Genetic selection has greatly boosted in aquaculture productivity • While multiple genetic selections are possible their practical implementation remains challenging • Commercial genetic selection not only optimises traits but also controls unwanted ones and prepares for the unexpected • Aquaculture genetic selection is a gradual process, painstaking to develop but easily lost • Genetic selection in aquaculture has become a powerful marketing tool • Genetic claims will attract customers, but it's the consistency in larvae quality that retains them • Is it possible to enhance the sustainability of aquafeed while maintaining farm productivity?

• In what ways can the processing of alternative ingredients affect their digestibility?

• Which farm husbandry practices can maximise productivity without compromising animal welfare?

Research projects

Current research projects Dr Le Boucher is carrying out at Temasek Life Science Laboratory include: Impact of extrusion parameters on nutrient digestibility Cryopreservation of microbial communities from tropical RAS Characterization of single-cell protein in new aquafeed Efficiency of non-lethal heat shock treatment in hatcheries Genetic selection of saline tilapia (O. mossambicus)

KEYNOTE In his keynote address at the 20th Anniversary Symposium of Singapore’s Marine Aquaculture Centre on August 14, 2023, guest-of-honour Senior Minister of State for Sustainability and the Environment Dr Koh Poh Koon outlined a future for technically-advanced aquaculture production for the South East Asian region

Singapore’s transforms its aquaculture

Aquaculture to be a major plank in a platform to provide 30 percent of the country’s nutrition needs by 2030 “I am delighted to join you to celebrate this momentous occasion – the 20th anniversary of the Singapore Food Agency’s Marine Aquaculture Centre (MAC).

“MAC was set up on St John’s Island back in 2003 with the key role of advancing marine aquaculture in Singapore. Over the past two decades, MAC has done a tremendous job in transforming our aquaculture landscape.

“This is important as the local aquaculture sector is critical for us to achieve the ’30-by-30’ goal – to build our agri-food industry’s capability and capacity to sustainably produce 30 percent of our nutritional needs by 2030. Seafood is a priority area for our agri-food sector, as it is a good source of protein which we can efficiently and sustainably produce.

“Since its beginning, MAC has made invaluable contributions to the development of the local aquaculture industry. Let me name a few: “To ensure long-term sustainable supply of marine fish fry, MAC has undertaken research in indoor hatchery production technology and transformed local hatchery production.

“Previously, our farms required a large space for an extensive outdoor pond system, which is also vulnerable to weather and climate changes.

“Today, we use an intensive indoor closed-containment system for large-scale fry production in a smaller space.

“As land and sea space are limited in Singapore and there are also other competing needs, this not only overcomes our space limitations, but also offers better bio-security measures to minimise diseases and waste discharge.

“More recently in 2021, MAC assisted in the set-up of a new floating indoor hatchery at local farm, Singapore Aquaculture Technologies, by advising on hatchery system design, development of hatchery protocols and on-site training of the farm staff.

“In advancing genetics and brood

Guest-of-honour, Senior Minister of State for Sustainability and the Environment, Dr Koh Poh Koon stock development, MAC through its partnership with Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory (TLL), successfully developed genetically superior Asian seabass lines that can produce seabass fry which grow at least 30 percent faster.

“Such selective breeding programmes are important in enhancing the overall quality of fish farmed in Singapore.

“In collaboration with GovTech, MAC also developed an artificial intelligence (AI) and image recognition technology to automate the counting of rotifers, a small zoo-plankton critical for marine fish larvae. This automation significantly reduced the time needed for counting rotifer density from 40 minutes to one minute.

“MAC is currently working with GovTech to deploy this technology on Telegram to enable our local hatcheries and farms to adopt this technology easily.

“These are just a handful of the many notable contributions by MAC over the past two decades, and we can expect more to come as we focus our efforts on uplifting the local aquaculture sector with the Singapore Aquaculture Plan or SAP.

MAC’s crucial role

“SAP was developed last year to transform the aquaculture sector to become more productive and sustainable.

It seeks to transform the sector in three key ways: Increasing and optimising spaces for farming; investing in research and innovation and helping the industry to adopt technology and better farming practices.

“At the heart of the SAP is the AquaPolis, an aquaculture research development programme introduced last year to support Singapore’s ambition of becoming a leading research and innovation hub for sustainable tropical aquaculture.

“AquaPolis brings the industry and scientists together to develop solutions to real challenges faced by our farms so as to enhance their productivity and quality of fish.

“Naturally, MAC will serve as the research nucleus of AquaPolis. To cater to MAC’s increased R&D needs, we will enhance the centre’s facilities. Some of the new features include recirculating aquaculture systems for research and the SFA-INVE Hatchery Technology Centre for developing advanced hatchery technologies.

“As part of longer-term planning to support the aquaculture sector, SFA is commissioning a study to review how our research facilities could be developed and integrated with other aquaculture

International Aquafeed - October 2023 | 31

infrastructure such as jetties and hatcheries in the future.

“At the same time, MAC will work closely with the industry to better understand the impact of aquaculture on the environment and how we can steadily grow our commercial aquaculture sector while protecting our marine ecosystem.

A more productive and sustainable sector

“The next phase of MAC’s development will see it take on an even more significant role in the international aquaculture scene.

“We envision MAC as a hub for collaboration and knowledge exchange, where we can share our expertise with the global community and learn from best practices worldwide.

“As with all that we do at MSE, sustainability is at the core of MAC’s work and we will lead by example in promoting responsible and eco-friendly aquaculture practices.

“By implementing stringent measures to safeguard our marine ecosystems, we ensure the long-term viability of the sector and protect our valuable natural resources for generations to come.

“MAC will continue to help local farms adopt sustainable farming practices and technology. This commitment to sustainability will extend beyond the confines of MAC and will encompass partnerships with industry stakeholders, research institutions and other government agencies.

“Together, we will forge a path that integrates technological innovation, environmental stewardship and economic growth.”

“While we are committed

to facilitating industry transformation towards our food security goal, we need all hands on deck.

Our farms play an important role in this journey, by leveraging technology to be more climate-resilient, sustainable and productive” – Singapore’s Senior Minister of State for Sustainability and the Environment, Dr Koh Poh Koon

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Welcome to FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

The tech update Sensor Globe Marin X Inc. Aqua Nor 2023 Innovation Award was awarded to Marin X Inc. Sensor Globe, a business located in Nova Scotia that has created a unique platform for tracking fish welfare.

The winning project is a real-time decision-making tool that was created to drastically improve fish welfare during processing operations and decrease mortality. The adaptable sensor from Sensor Globe monitors environmental variables including temperature, oxygen concentrations, and physical impact.

Fish producers get access to important indicators and water quality measurements at all depths using Sensor Globe's IoT (Internet of Things) Welfare platform. Sensor Globe's sensor technology offers a revolutionary 95mm spherical design and improved precision employing optical sensor technology, making it the only product on the market that can offer operational insight.

33 | October 2023 - International Aquafeed

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

Innovative Compressed Air Applications Shaping a Sustainable Future for Aquaculture

A

by Adrian Feiler, Business Development Manager Aquaculture, Kaeser Compressors, Germany quaculture, often referred to as the 'blue revolution,' plays a central role in meeting our demand for sustainable food sources. In the face of global climate change, the pressure to produce more efficiently without passing on rising costs to consumers, and the simultaneous pursuit of sustainability, aquaculture faces a multitude of significant challenges.

Abiotic challenges, from fluctuating and rising temperatures to oxygen deficiencies and water quality issues, are likely to become commonplace in the future. However, biotic challenges are also on the rise. Potentially lethal events, such as algal blooms or swarms of jellyfish and microjellyfish, are occurring more frequently. From a scientific standpoint, these growing occurrences are primarily a result of the expanding number of farms and more frequent, in-depth monitoring rather than shifts in the sea and climate. Nevertheless, subjectively, algal blooms are emerging as a growing concern within the industry. In this article, we explore innovative compressed air applications that redefine the resilience of aquaculture in the face of changing waters, not only reshaping the future of aquaculture sustainability but also contributing to improved animal welfare.

Compressed air, often underestimated, has become a versatile tool in aquaculture. It is now indispensable throughout the aquaculture value chain, from hatcheries to processing. Applications encompass a wide spectrum, enhancing not only aquaculture efficiency but also animal welfare and ecological conditions. The key to success lies in utilising this power as efficiently as possible.

Innovative applications transforming sea pen aquaculture

Pneumatic feeding using air blowers has become the standard in salmon farming for many years and is well-known to those familiar with aquaculture. However, in recent years, the aquaculture industry has introduced several groundbreaking applications of compressed air, all contributing to the sector's resilience and sustainability.

Aeration

The introduction of clean compressed air through diffusers and diffuser platforms into the lower regions of the net pens creates an artificial upwelling. This water from deeper layers is cooler than surface water and can absorb more oxygen. By raising deeper water, the oxygen content is often increased. However, this must be assessed before implementation, as some marine regions have oxygen-depleted deeper layers. Aeration propels oxygen-rich, cool water to the surface, breaking

34 | October 2023 - Fish Farming Technology

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY stratification in the process. Salmon favor this upwelling and are often found directly within the bubbles.

As the water ascends to the surface, it naturally follows a circular flow pattern, pushing aside the water in the uppermost layers. This deeper water, which replaces the water in the sea pens, contains significantly fewer algae and plankton compared to the surface layers. The surface layer, exposed to sunlight, is the region most susceptible to algae proliferation and thus the primary area of algal blooms. Therefore, the upward and outward flow of clean water effectively disperses planktonic algae away from the cages, creating a safe space for the Salmon.

Bubble Curtains

When protecting net pens from external threats, such as jellyfish swarms that reach the farms not only in surface waters, but through the entire water column, bubble curtains are often employed. The rising bubbles and resulting upward water flow create a barrier.

When water encounters this bubble barrier it is diverted, along with all organisms within it. These systems are also utilised when the environmental conditions surrounding a farm do not permit the use of an aeration system. However, in many instances, these systems are deployed in conjunction with aeration or oxygenation, depending on the environmental conditions. Since the bubble curtain acts as a barrier to external water, the aeration or oxygenation system is employed to maintain optimal oxygen levels within the shielded area.

Oxygenation

Oxygen supply systems ensure that fish continuously live under optimal oxygen conditions. Oxygen for these systems is usually produced on-site, often using a Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) unit. In this process, a compressor pushes compressed air through a molecular sieve containing a Zeolite bed. Nitrogen atoms bond to the zeolite during this process, leaving oxygen and other components of air in nearly pure form. Oxygen supply in net pens also employs diffusers or diffuser platforms. The difference from an aeration system is that the bubbles are much smaller,

35 | October 2023 - Fish Farming Technology

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

allowing them to rise more slowly to the surface. Therefor the small oxygen bubbles are not creating an artificial upwelling and oxygenation can be employed even if the conditions below the farm are anoxic. Ideally, all the oxygen contained in the bubble should have dissolved through gas exchange when reaching the surface. Maintaining optimal oxygen levels reduces stress in fish during changing oxygen conditions, which often occur during tidal cycles (slack tide), higher phytoplankton concentrations at night, or in specific water layers. An optimal oxygen level also optimises production parameters, contributing to minimising the Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR). Since feed is the highest cost factor in fish farming, savings in this area can have significant impacts on OPEX. In Chile, oxygenation systems have become an industry standard and are used year-round for enhanced overall farming efficiency.

For all mitigation systems, it is crucial to consider conducting prior investigations into environmental conditions and the specific organisms you want to protect against to implement the right measure. Improper use of such systems can have adverse effects, but specialised companies can provide guidance.

industry by storm in recent years. In the past, deceased animals were often removed by divers, a hazardous job given that net pens can be relatively deep, and the work can be physically demanding, especially after disease outbreaks. Fatal accidents were not uncommon. Another method involved using net baskets manually lifted to the surface. This method also had limitations, especially during higher mortality events. Both original mortality removal methods had a crucial drawback: due to the high manual labour involved, they were rarely carried out, leaving carcasses in net pens for several days. Morts serve as vectors for disease transmission.

Rapid removal, therefore, helps minimise disease spread within the population, significantly contributing to animal welfare. The latest development of Lift-Up Systems serves a dual purpose. These systems integrate two air lifts: one for conventional morts removal and another for removing faeces, which sink to the lowest point of the net pen in pens with special nets. In a test farm, this system removed 3500 tonnes of faeces with a dry matter content of ten percent in just 15 months. By providing fish faeces as a resource, it can be used as fertiliser on fields and helps maintain the original form of the seabed in low-energy sites without negative impacts from faecal residues.

Best Practice Algae Mitigation:

Lift-Up Systems

This innovative technology, which efficiently removes mortalities from net pens using the air lift effect, has taken the aquaculture

Algal blooms can negatively impact fish populations in three ways. Plankton blooms with specific types of algae can lead to mortalities due to increased biological oxygen demand, resulting in anoxic conditions. Other algae species harm fish populations through toxins, while others damage fish gills mechanically due to their spiky structure, causing respiratory issues. Unfortunately, a single mitigation system is insufficient

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FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

to address the biotic challenges posed by algal blooms. As mentioned earlier, a mitigation system should be tailored to the specific challenges of the site. Once a specialised company has properly designed such a system, a comprehensive management plan should be developed. Grieg Seafood has created an exemplary management plan for algal blooms, which can be seen here : .

Impending algal blooms are often detectable early through satellite imagery. Companies that monitor this can provide early warnings to fish farmers about elevated phytoplankton concentrations in the farm area. Additionally, constant algae monitoring should be conducted, identifying and quantifying algae at least at the genus level, preferably at the species level.

Quantification is important because algae that harm fish through toxins can cause problems even at very low concentrations (e.g., Chattonella at 5 cells/ml). The presence of a particular species can trigger countermeasures. Algae that harm fish through oxygen depletion only have a detrimental effect at significantly higher densities (e.g., Thalassiosira >10,000 cells/ ml). If the farm also collects numerous abiotic data using a network of sensors in addition to the aforementioned data, it can create a comprehensive picture of the situation and derive the appropriate mitigation measures. Collecting these data sets

also makes it possible to predict events in the future and reduce losses through early mitigation.

Focus on Sustainability

While the applications themselves are groundbreaking, a key aspect of ensuring a resilient future for aquaculture lies in production efficiency, high animal welfare standards, and sustainable farming practices that do not harm the environment.

Only through these factors can we ensure that animal protein can be offered at an affordable price while maintaining consumer acceptance.

In summary, compressed air applications can significantly enhance the resilience and sustainability of the aquaculture industry. These innovations are a response to the urgent challenges that the aquaculture sector faces in evolving water conditions.

As the aquaculture industry continues to expand to meet the globally increasing demand for fish and seafood, it is essential that we employ environmentally friendly practices. Compressed air applications pave the way for the future, ensuring that we not only meet the needs of the present but also secure the future of our oceans and aquatic life.

It is imperative to ensure that compressed air systems are used to their fullest potential, avoiding unnecessary resource wastage and making their overall impact sustainable.

By optimising compressed air systems and using them judiciously, we can significantly reduce energy consumption while considering the overall energy consumption. Sustainability is not just a buzzword; it is a guiding principle for the future of aquaculture.

International Aquafeed - October 2023 | 37

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

Revolutionising Fish Feeding

I

n recent years, the aquaculture industry has witnessed significant growth, with fish farming systems expanding in size to meet the world's growing demand for seafood. However, this expansion comes with its own set of challenges, particularly in the realm of fish feeding. Raw material prices for fish feed have surged, leading to a need for more efficient feeding systems that minimize waste and optimise fish growth.

Enter Daniit, a pioneer in aquaculture technology, which has collaborated with recirculation aquaculture system (RAS) designers, end-users, and breeders to develop a cutting-edge fish feeding solution that addresses these challenges head-on.

The traditional fish feed plant, while effective to some extent, has its limitations. Problems arise during the delivery of feed

Nyt foder system

to the site, especially when it's delivered in bulk. The crucial blowing system from the tank into the silos can inadvertently crush the feed, resulting in crumbles. To tackle this issue, Daniit has introduced a gentle blowing cyclone that ensures the feed remains intact during the transfer to the feed silo. Attention to detail is crucial, as all components must be thoroughly inspected for burrs and dimensional differences to eliminate resistance in the transport path.

Once inside the silos, the feed's transport can be accomplished using traditional cup lifts or Z elevators, equipped with specially designed weighing scales. Before weighing, a pipe sieve removes any dust, ensuring accuracy. The feed is then transported to individual tanks via a well-designed disc conveyor. This 3D-customised system minimises turns in the transport route, preventing the crushing of feed pellets.

Nyt foder system

38 | October 2023 - International Aquafeed

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

L

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TOGETHER

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The new upgraded formula Aller Aqua’s functional fish feed SUPPORT L is a series of aquafeeds based on a blend of functional ingredients that promote growth and survival in fish as well as bacterial disease resistance and prevention. Now with even better results:

Microbial balancing SUPPORT L reduces risk of bacterial disease outbreaks by supporting and preserving beneficial bacteria.

Improved health SUPPORT L improves organ quality and health parameters, higher mucus production and increased gut integrity.

Long-term effectiveness SUPPORT L can be used continuously, without the need to change feed, no exhaustion or side effects.

Increased production SUPPORT L ensures lower FCR and higher growth, leading to higher farm turnover.

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www.kaeser.com/aquaculture International Aquafeed - October 2023 | 39

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY At the individual tank sides, actuatorcontrolled valves regulate the feed's distribution with open/close mode monitoring.

In case of errors, an extra drop tube within the return run ensures that all feed is cleared from the system before the next weighing cycle commences. This meticulous approach not only minimises feed waste but also enhances the overall efficiency of the feeding process.

Power of automation

One of the standout features of Daniit's innovation is the Smart Fish Feeder. Designed to automatically optimise feed distribution per basin, this self-supporting machine, which can extend up to 9 meters (with the possibility of further extension), comes equipped with a swivel base for easy servicing access. The spreader head, with adjustable speed and the capability to run sine wave feeding patterns, ensures uniform feed distribution throughout the tank, reducing fish stress. The machine is also self-cleaning, capable of running a cleaning cycle to empty the feed tube efficiently. In rigorous testing, this configuration achieved an astonishingly low 0.2 percent crumb with 7 mm pellets in a transport path spanning up to 150 meters.

But Daniit's innovation doesn't stop there. They offer the Daniit ATC feeding software, a game-changer in the world of aquaculture management. This software provides live data on feeding, feed consumption, and real-time fish stock information.

Users can generate various feed curves, including SGR, FCR, and % biomass curves, which are automatically adjusted for factors like temperature, fish mortality, and appetite variations.

Mr Carsten Poulsen, Sales Manager at Daniit, explains: “Often, these systems are only designed when the plant is built, and thus you are locked into guide ways. Solutions to avoid crumbles and broken pills are a whole chapter in themselves which we will not focus on now.”

“The Daniit Smart Fish Feeder is one of the results of the collaboration we have had over the years. What makes Smart Fish Feeder unique.The feeder is designed so that it can be serviced from the edge of the tank. The construction of the automatic feeder is self-supporting so that wires do not have to be installed in the ceiling and elsewhere. The machine can empty itself when the machine is not used for a long time or when the feed is changed. The spreader is mechanically secured against overflow in the event of spreader motor failure. The spreading head can be calibrated for all pellet sizes 0.4-4 mm small model and 4-10

mm large model, with insert in the spreading head 360 degrees.

Variable speed on the spreading head ensures complete coverage of the feed on the entire tank area at the same time, which results in a more even growth of the fish in the tank” “The automatic feeder is available as an autonomous unit or can be integrated into existing systems. Together with Daniit ATC feeding software, the solution forms a management system for your production.”

The software's capabilities extend to a customised business intelligence (BI) solution, offering comprehensive reports on stock, operation, finances, and maintenance. With an open-source BI solution, users can define their desired reports and integrate them with ERP systems and other data sources for a holistic overview of their aquaculture operations. This flexibility allows for calculations such as the cost per kilogram of fish per month, stock readiness for slaughter, and deviations from optimal growth curves.

In conclusion, Daniit's fish feeding system represents a significant leap forward in the aquaculture industry. By addressing the weaknesses of traditional fish feed plants and incorporating innovative technology, Daniit has unlocked the potential for optimal feed utilisation, increased fish growth, reduced strain on water treatment systems, and ultimately, lower operating costs. As the demand for sustainable and efficient aquaculture solutions continues to rise, Daniit's contribution stands out as a beacon of innovation and progress in the world of fish farming.

Master in Sustainable Aquaculture

40 | October 2023 - International Aquafeed

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TECHNOLOGY SH Innovations this month October 2023 In this dedicated Tech Showcase section of the International Aquafeed Magazine, we showcase technologies that are reshaping the way we approach aquafeed production and aquaculture practices by revolutionising feed production, fish health, and sustainability.

If you would like your product or service to appear in this section in a future edition of International Aquafeed and Fish Farming Technology magazine, then please contact us at editorial@perendale.co.uk

Rotary screw blowers by Kaeser Compressors The Bioscanner is highly accurate and can be utilised with fish from 3g to 6kg. Accurate information on the number and size of farmed fish is very important in modern aquaculture.

Biomass data on the fish in tanks and pens makes it possible to monitor production and facilitates management and planning.

As the fish come out of the basin, they are close together, and have to be separated to be counted accurately. The V-form ensures that the fish cannot turn around, and also that they are not crowded together.

The curved form accelerates the fish down the channel. If two fish are close together in the beginning the one that is little bit ahead will accelerate faster and this causes a separation of the fish. For correct operation the amount of water must be adjusted to the size of the fish. www.kaeser.com

Learn more – Learn onsite Enroll in the 12-week Course

High Efficiency Reverse Osmosis (HERO™) by Aquatech A reverse osmosis technology that’s specially designed to treat high silica and difficult to treat water. The HERO™ process offers the end user high recoveries as well as significant operational benefits by effectively preventing membrane fouling or scaling.

In some instances, HERO™ could be used to replace or supplement an evaporation process as a cost-effective method of achieving zero liquid discharge. HERO™ technology has over 60 installations around the world.

There are many benefits to using HERO™, such as a high recovery rate, salt rejection and flux, along with reduced fouling, maintenance and lower operational costs.

There are also significant economic advantages to using HERO™ too, including minimal offline cleaning and running on common chemical feed (cutting the cost of expensive cleaning chemicals). www.aquatech.com

FaunaGuard system by Ace Aquatec The FaunaGuard system combines academically validated sound patterns with award winning acoustic transducers to create a temporary safe exclusion zone for marine wildlife during high energy events such as pile driving, underwater explosions or clearing oil spills.

Offshore construction activities like pile driving and underwater explosions can cause deafness and other serious physical harm to local marine life if precautions are not taken.

The FaunaGuard acoustic deterrents safely target the hearing ranges of specific species – such as seals, porpoises or turtles – to create temporary exclusion zones around the project site.

Any instance of a protected marine species being spotted inside a designated exclusion zone can cause costly unexpected shutdowns and delays until the site is cleared.

Ace Aquatec’s academically validated sound patterns target a variety of common species, and our acoustic hardware has withstood the harshest conditions in years of use in offshore and aquaculture industries. https://aceaquatec.com

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY Check out our website dedicated to fish farming technology

HOWCASE Bioscanner Fish Counter by Vaki The Bioscanner is highly accurate and can be utilised with fish from 3g to 6kg. Accurate information on the number and size of farmed fish is very important in modern aquaculture.

Biomass data on the fish in tanks and pens makes it possible to monitor production and facilitates management and planning.

As the fish come out of the basin, they are close together, and have to be separated to be counted accurately. The V-form ensures that the fish cannot turn around, and also that they are not crowded together.

The curved form accelerates the fish down the channel. If two fish are close together in the beginning the one that is little bit ahead will accelerate faster and this causes a separation of the fish. For correct operation the amount of water must be adjusted to the size of the fish. https://vakiiceland.is

www.onlinemillingschool.com Proteus Multi-parameter water quality sensor by RS Hydro The Proteus is the world’s first scientifically proven real-time sensor for measuring BOD that can measure a wide range of water quality, environmental and industrial applications.

Described as an award-winning, patented, multi-parameter, real-time sensor platform, it is designed to accurately and reliably measure BOD, COD, TOC and Coliforms (total, E. coli or faecal) in permanent and temporary applications.

A multiprobe that measures your choice of parameter, all in one package, that can deliver data in the toughest field conditions. The Proteus has been designed for its ease of use, reliable data and economical operation.

Proteus is the first instrument to measure bacteria/coliforms in drinking water in real-time, whilst its built in wiper which cleans sensors before every cycle. It can also be easily integrated with telemetry/SCADA systems and other datalogging devices with external RS232/Modbus/SDI12. www.rshydro.co.uk

fishfarmingtechnology.net International Aquafeed - October 2023 | 43

INNOVATIONS AT

AQUANOR 2023

by David Harvey, International Aquafeed

The Sensor globe Marin X Inc

The Aqua Nor event held in Trondheim, Norway from September 21st to 24th, 2023, marked a significant milestone in the aquaculture industry's journey towards sustainability and innovation. The event garnered attention for its impressive visitor turnout, exceptional discussions, and memorable highlights that reaffirmed its status as the premier gathering for aquaculture professionals.

International Aquafeed reports on the event, showcasing a selection of the most innovative and sustainable products that graced the exhibition floor.

From groundbreaking technologies that enhance aquaculture practices to ecofriendly solutions for preserving our oceans, this year's event truly showcased the industry's commitment to a more responsible and prosperous aquatic future.

The Sensor Globe measures pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature and acceleration and shock (G-forces). It can either float, be weightless or sink. Connect via long range Bluetooth to our App on your smartphone or tablet for real time monitoring or it can log data offline for months at a time. This makes it a great tool for documentation of water quality or trouble shooting where no other sensor reaches. This helps increase knowledge and tackle today's fish welfare issues. https://bit.ly/3tB5OHH

Incubation Chamber Evonta HEX Drum Filter Model SHIP CMAqua HEX in the ship version C with no cover is a drum filter with the drum mounted in an open frame for building into tanks on wellboats. The filter is specialized with drum holders for rough sea, ready for automatic disinfection by the ship tanks cleaning system, IP69 motor and extra heavy bearings.HEX filters can be provided with filterpanels with mesh in stainless steel. https://bit.ly/3S050X6

Salmon and trout roe are artificially fertilized and kept in special containers for incubation. The determination of fertilisation rate is manual, and the result is highly dependent on the operator’s experience and knowledge. To overcome the mentioned limitation, the fully automated device for nondestructive testing enables the capture and processing of tomographic image data achieving highest accuracy.

The scanned fish eggs remain viable and are examined in their natural state.

The innovative measurement method Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) has been tested in collaboration with Aqua Gen AS. https://bit.ly/3tE8OTQ

44 | October 2023 - International Aquafeed

Type 8905 Bürkert

Solvox Oxystream Linde Gas

The Type 8905 online water analysis is a compact and modular system for monitoring all important water parameters on one platform. It is a multichannel measuring system for Bürkert sensor cubes, based on the compact body.

Variants without bodies are also available (field system). The following water parameter measurements are possible with the Type 8905 modular system: pH, chlorine, chlorine dioxide, conductivity, redox potential (ORP), turbidity, temperature and iron. https://bit.ly/3tEd8lW

The system is a patented all-in-one product, which oxygenates the water and evenly distributes it around the fish tank using an adjustable flow regime. This regime aligns circulation speed with the fish species and size.

SOLVOX®Oxystream includes a water flow indicator, which gives you a quantitative overview of the water flow into each tank. https://bit.ly/3FpFd3c

Triogen PPO₃ Bio-UV group

Description: Sander protein skimmers can remove the finest particles and thus it is possible to achieve clear water in aquaculture and fish farming systems. Depending on the size of the aquaculture system, Sander protein skimmers are designed for a water flow of approx. 3 m³/h to approx. 990 m³/h and are manufactured in different diameters, from 250 mm up to 3000 mm. https://bit.ly/3S0bKnT

The triogen® PPO3 range is the newest generation of positive pressure Ozone from BIO-UV Group. The generators incorporate the triogen® PPO3 Ozone production modules, state-of-the-art communications and connectivity, together with advanced safety and operational features. The Ozone generators are available in two different control configurations, alongside a range of sized and specified ancillaries as well as a complete turn-key system including feedgas and Ozone injection. https://bit.ly/3tDo7Mx

SeaFeed Gael Force Across all components of the SeaFeedTM System, the minimisation of feed waste is a focus. From the gentle movement of feed in the screw conveyer, their selection of delivery pipe for preventing pellet breakage, and userfriendly control of feed distribution via SeaFeedTM Software - detailed thought and professional expertise has gone into every point possible to assist in reducing feed waste. When SeaFeedTMis coupled with our autonomous and intelligent Pellet Detection system, further improvements in feed conversion ratio are achievable too. https://bit.ly/46XvsFc

Protein Skimmer Helgoland Sander

Apollo Grading Machine Maskinfabrikken Apollo

The APOLLO grading machine is a specially developed machine, which can sort living fish such as salmon, trout and eel. It sorts the fish in 3 or 4 different sizes by means of rollers, which are situated 2 by 2. The rollers run against each other so that the fish are "lifted" up onto the rollers. When the gaps between the rollers are big enough, the fish will eventually slide down and end up in grading sizes below the rollers.The rollers are adjusted according to the size of the fish. https://bit.ly/49b1cbM

45 | October 2023 - International Aquafeed

Pin-Pin fish pump Z-65L-S Impex Agency

High flow - low pressure pumps Desmi

The first live fish transfer pump in the world for fingerlings, that is equipped with speed adjustment. The FRP moulding technique with mirror-like-inner surface prevents damage and stress to fish. The volume of water and fish can be adjusted according to speed control fitted on the pump. The Pin-Pin fish pump ensures a fast, gentle and smooth transfer of the fish. https://bit.ly/3txwR6G

The new pumps are suitable for aquaculture water applications (seawater, freshwater, brackish, water with cleaning agents, etc.) and for meeting the aquaculture industry requirements for: design to run 24 / 7 / 365, very long intervals between maintenance, high efficiency > 80% at high-flow & lowpressure conditions,flexibility – can be installed horizontally or vertically to adapt to any pipe system, slow speed (using 6 or 8 pole motors) – very limited noise transmitted to fish tanks, easy installation and maintenance. https://bit.ly/490rxcd

Hydrotech Drumfilter Veolia

Belt filter F3500 Blue ocean technology

Operationally efficient belt filters. Built for both sea and freshwater facilities. This compact, efficient system that can be easily built out with increasing activity and when extending existing facilities. Can be delivered with and without automatic washing and disinfection system. Great flexibility in relation to the size of the facility. https://bit.ly/46xTKpe

The Hydrotech Drumfilter is a mechanical self-cleaning filter designed for systems where it is essential to prevent particles from fragmenting. The modular design makes it easy to maintain and adapt the filter to your flow capacity and performance requirements. It provides an easy way to handle solids, preventing fragmentation and delivering high filtration efficiency. The Hydrotech Drumfilter utilises a modular design to give high flexibility and is available with a choice of drum and tank materials for use in different environments. https://bit.ly/46Hx9H6

46 | October 2023 - International Aquafeed

AquaShield UV system Desmi

Supra XtraCore Netting Gael Force Group

AquaShield UV System has no salinity or temperature limitations. Model selection ensures flow ranges down to 35 m³/h and up to 3,500 m³/h with a single unit. The different UV models are optimized for both high and record-breaking low UV transmission values! AquaShield offers flexibility in materials, with the option of casting it in either NI-Al-Br or super duplex steel, all at the same price point. Whether you require only the essentials or a plug-and-play full skid version, AquaShield is your versatile solution for various applications https://bit.ly/3tvZDEM

XtraCore+ is constructed of a first and second layer of braided polyethylene.

The core is a third inner layer of polyester filaments with the addition of DSM's super-strong ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). This gives it a higher coefficient of friction, helping its durability against adverse climates, highly demanding tides and currents and, above all, attacks by predators, such as seals. https://bit.ly/48X063b

Name: Feeder TD2000 Arvo-Tec

NetJet Brimmond

Feeder TD2000 is a simple and compact solution for more efficient feeding. The dosing unit will fit in your hand, yet has the capacity to handle up to 48kg/hour of feeding around the clock accurately and reliably. Even though the feeder’s technology is simple and easy to use it is also highly accurate, with stainless steel springs ensuring that each dosing cup is emptied completely on each rotation. Smallest single dose starts from 0,1g and there are a selection of dosing drums to choose from, enabling the efficient dosing of pellets all the way from 100 microns up to 13 mm. https://bit.ly/3rQt1Fw

Designed by Brimmond in conjunction with the aquaculture industry, for the aquaculture industry, the NetJet™ 350D is a high-pressure pump unit for the safe and reliable cleaning of offshore aquaculture nets. They are the first company in the UK to offer a full 360° manufacture, rental and support package for high-pressure net cleaning pumps for the offshore aquaculture sector. https://bit.ly/3FphD6I

Aqualine fishfarm Amokabel

AQUALine fish farm is a 1kV flexible cable, specially designed for the fish farming industry. It is used for power supply from land out to the farm location. AQUALine fishfarm hybrid has an inner sheath of polyurethane (TPU) which gives very good mechanical properties and can withstand high mechanical loads, while maintaining flexibility.

The outer sheath is made of polyethylene (PE), which makes the cable suitable for installation directly in salt water. As standard, the cable comes with flexible Class 5 conductors. https://bit.ly/45DF2f2

47 | October 2023 - International Aquafeed

CS

Aquaculture case study

Yabby farming A sustainable and lucrative aquaculture venture

The yabby (Cherax destructor) is the best-known crustacean native to Australia, belonging to the Parastacidae family.

by Lydia Schuller & Adam L K Yeap, University of Tasmania, Australia.

Yabbies are closely related to crayfish and lobsters, sharing an anatomy characterised by a hard exoskeleton, a segmented body, and a pair of large pincers called chelae (Mosig, 1998). A variety of adaptations, such as gills for respiration and powerful muscular tails for swimming and burrowing, allow them to thrive in freshwater environments. Yabbies are highly adaptable to various freshwater habitats, including rivers, streams, lakes, and farm dams. To increase their chances of survival, yabbies will often seek shelter in submerged vegetation or burrows, which offer protection from predators and fluctuations in water quality. These crustaceans are predominantly nocturnal, emerging from their burrows at night to forage for food. Yabbies have an omnivorous diet, consisting of plant material and small invertebrates, such as insects, worms, snails, crustaceans, and even small fish or other yabbies. Freshwater ecosystems depend heavily on yabbies for nutrient cycling and food sources (Jones et al 2002).

Recently, due to the ongoing expansion of crayfish farming, C. destructor has garnered increasing interest due to its promising economic significance. As reported by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), yabby production in Australia has notably surged to 930,000 tonnes between 2018 and 2020 (Yang et al 2023). These figures highlight the growing recognition of yabby farming as a strategic means to address both nutritional needs and economic opportunities. As such, yabby

aquaculture is poised to play an increasingly pivotal role in the sustainable food production landscape, bolstering global food security while fostering innovation and growth in local industries.

The aquaculture industry has recognised the potential of yabbies as a commercially valuable species due to several desirable traits that make them suitable for aquaculture: a) Resilient: Yabbies tolerate a wide range of water conditions, including low oxygen levels and temperature fluctuations. This makes them adaptable to various aquaculture systems, including ponds, tanks, and recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). b) Fast Growing: Under optimal conditions, yabbies can exhibit rapid growth rates (0.056 ± 0.024 g day−1), reaching marketable sizes within a few months (Lawrence and Morrissy 2000). This attribute makes them attractive to aqua culturists seeking efficient production and quick returns. c) High Nutritional Value: Yabbies are not only a culinary delicacy but also a source of high-quality protein, minerals, and essential fatty acids which play a crucial role in human health and cannot be biosynthesised de novo in humans and therefore must be obtained through diets (Otero et al 2021).

Life cycle and breeding

Yabbies reach sexual maturity at approximately three months of age and exhibit sexual dimorphism, with males generally

48 | October 2023 - International Aquafeed

CS larger, possessing larger chelae than females (Mosig, 1998).

Reproduction in yabbies is influenced by factors such as temperature, photoperiod, and food availability. Males engage in courtship rituals to attract females, and mating typically occurs after the female moults and becomes receptive. Once a male successfully mates with a female, she will store the sperm inside her body until she is ready to fertilize her eggs. The fertilisation of the eggs occurs as the female releases them into the water. The eggs are attached to the female's swimmerets, small leg-like structures located under the abdomen, called the marsupium, where they remain until they hatch. The number of eggs produced can vary, ranging from a few dozen to several hundred, depending on the size and maturity of the female. Hatch times can vary, but it generally ranges from several weeks to a few months. Once the eggs hatch, the young yabbies emerge as miniature versions of their parents. They undergo a series of developmental stages as they grow, gradually acquiring their adult features (Gill et al 1991; Mosig, 1998).

As they grow, yabbies moult their exoskeletons to accommodate their increasing size. Moulting is a crucial part of the yabby's life cycle, allowing them to grow and develop. As the shell becomes tighter, the yabby draws calcium from the gastrolith and works its way out of the old shell. Once the yabby has finished its moult the calcium from the gastrolith is resorbed and the newly formed exoskeleton hardens over time. During this time, yabbies are highly vulnerable to predators. Yabbies often consume their old shell for extra calcium and energy. When a crustacean loses a limb such as a claw, walking leg, or antenna, it has the ability to regrow the missing part. However, the process of regeneration does not occur immediately and requires several moults before the lost part is fully restored unless the lost portion is small.

Typically, it takes around three or four moults for complete regeneration to take place (Gill et al 1991).

Nutrition and feeding

The production of a formulated feed has been a major obstacle to lobster aquaculture, in yabbies this is no different, the production of an appropriate feed remains an issue. A feed must provide essential nutrients, such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins, and minerals. Moreover, the precise nutrient requirements may vary depending on factors such as size, age and environmental conditions. A feed meeting the nutritional requirements of yabbies will optimise growth rates whilst reducing costs by removing excess nutrients such as proteins and essential lipids. Additionally, this reduced waste will improve the sustainability of farming yabbies. A nutritionally balanced feed will lead to improved productivity and more sustainable farming practices (Mosig 1998).

In crustaceans’ protein is of particular importance due to its multifunctionality, proteins not only used for growth and repair but are, a source of primary metabolic fuel, necessary to produce lipids and glucose, and have osmoregulatory and immunological functions (NRC 2011). Determining the protein requirement has proven difficult for yabbies as experiments have not accounted for the naturally occurring food items found in the pond environments appropriate for yabby aquaculture. This has led to a discrepancy between the protein requirements of 30 percent of feed suggested by laboratory experiments and 19 percent of feed seen in pond experiments (Duffy et al 2011). Furthering yabby aquaculture will be dependent on determining nutritional requirements to maximise production and minimise the cost of feed production which is the greatest cost of aquaculture endeavours.

International Aquafeed - October 2023 | 49

CS To maintain good health and grow, yabbies need certain components in their diet such as fats, protein, minerals, carbohydrates, and vitamins. The building blocks of yabbies' bodies are amino acids, which constitute protein. While the body can synthesize some amino acids, essential amino acids can only be obtained from food sources. Essential amino acids therefore can limit growth when the diet is deficient. As detritivores, yabbies eat the decomposing organic matter that lies at the bottom of the pond, enriched with microbes (Duffy et al 2011).

As well as filtering tiny phytoplankton, they catch and eat microand macroscopic creatures that consume it. The diet of yabbies can also be influenced by factors such as the size and age of the individual, as well as the surrounding environmental conditions.

Younger yabbies may primarily feed on smaller, more easily accessible food sources, while larger individuals can consume larger prey items. The combination of plant material and small aquatic organisms allows these crustaceans to exploit various food sources within their environment, contributing to their survival and growth in their freshwater habitats (Mosig 1998).

The field of yabby aquaculture currently faces a significant challenge due to the lack of available data on the nutritional requirements of these crustaceans. Unlike other aquaculture species, such as fish or shrimp, yabbies have not received extensive research attention in terms of their dietary needs.

This knowledge gap poses difficulties for yabby farmers and aquaculture practitioners in formulating balanced and optimised diets for their captive populations. The limited understanding of yabby nutritional requirements hampers the ability to maximise growth, reproduction, and overall health in aquaculture settings. It is crucial to address this lack of data by conducting comprehensive research on the specific dietary needs of yabbies, including the ideal protein, lipid, carbohydrate, vitamin, and mineral profiles required for their optimal growth and development. Such studies would greatly contribute to the advancement and sustainability of yabby aquaculture, ensuring the industry's ability to meet the growing demand for these freshwater crustaceans while minimizing environmental impacts.

Death and disease

In a natural population, only a small proportion of the offspring produced by each mature female during a breeding season manage to survive until they reach two or three years of age and can replace their parents. Research on wild populations has

revealed that the mortality rate is highest during the first year of life. However, as a yabby matures and grows, its chances of surviving to old age gradually increase (Mosig, 1998). In controlled environments such as tanks or ponds, where predators can be eliminated or managed, sizes can be sorted, shelter can be provided, diseases can be treated, ample food and additives can be supplied, and water quality can be monitored, the survival rate could be significantly higher. Under normal circumstances in the wild, a yabby typically lives for around four or five years, unless there are extraordinary situations like aestivation during drought.

Its natural predators consist of fish, birds, insects, humans, and other yabbies (Byard, 2020).

Yabbies are frequently observed with missing claws or legs, typically resulting from aggressive encounters with other yabbies or while escaping from predators. Another cause of limb loss can be attributed to imperfect moulting, which is a stressful process and contributes significantly to mortality, as such injuries reduce an individual's ability to defend against predators. Additionally, competition for limited food resources in a pond weakens many individuals, rendering them more susceptible to diseases or predation (Byard, 2020).

Notable diseases among Australian freshwater crayfish, including yabbies, are relatively few. One such disease is Porcelain disease, which can affect yabbies. It is caused by a microscopic, single-celled organism called Thelohania, which is a type of microsporidian. The disease becomes easily noticeable during its advanced stages, characterized by the whitening of the underside of the tail and the frequent occurrence of splayed and rigid walking legs. Porcelain disease is invariably fatal and appears to be transmitted through cannibalism of deceased or dying crayfish (Moodie et al 2003).

Every Australian crayfish species that has been studied thus far has shown vulnerability to the destructive fungus known as Aphanomyces. This fungus originally entered Europe in the last century, likely brought by plague-resistant crayfish that were introduced from the United States. Since then, it has wreaked havoc on the populations of native European crayfish. The plague fungus reached Britain in 1986 and, by 1989, had caused extensive damage to the native crayfish populations. If infected crayfish were to be introduced into Australia, it could result in significant and irreversible destruction of our native crayfish stocks. The consequences would be severe and have long-lasting effects on the Australian crayfish population (Mrugala et al 2016).

In conclusion, yabby farming offers a sustainable and profitable opportunity within the aquaculture industry. A variety of reasons make them an attractive choice for aquaculture, including their adaptability, rapid growth and nutritional value. By understanding their life cycle, meeting their nutritional needs, and implementing effective disease management strategies, yabby farming can be a successful and environmentally responsible venture. However, for yabby farming to be sustainable and to preserve native crayfish stocks in Australia, it is essential to continue to research and monitor population dynamics and health.

50 | October 2023 - International Aquafeed

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Industry Events

Status updates for industry events amidst global effects of COVID-19 2023

2023

19 Aquaculture Extrusion & Nutrition Conference Abu Dhabi, U.A.E. bit.ly/aenc23

October

3-5 Victam LatAm Sao Paulo, Brazil. https://victamlatam.com

12 - 15 AlgaEurope 2023 Prague https://algaeurope.org 2024

January 30 - 1 IPPE 2024 Atlanta, Georgia, USA www.ippexpo.org

3-5 Pet-Aqua Conference São Paulo, Brazil https://victamlatam.com 3 The Online Milling School LIVE! São Paulo, Brazil www.onlinemillingschool.com 5 FEED MILLING MAXIMISED Conference São Paulo, Brazil millingandgrain.com/event /feed-milling-maximised-2023 11 - 13 Aquaculture Vietnam 2023 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam https://aquafisheriesexpo.com 23 - 26 Aqua Expo 2023 Guayaquil, Ecuador https://aquaexpo.com.ec 2023

Aquaculture development and investment Aquafeed Extrusion and Nutrition Conference will be held at VIV MEA 2023. It is a one-day conference centred on the topics of the production and extrusion of aquatic feed along with the nutrition and farming for fish and shrimps. Covering a variety of topics within aquafeed, this conference will provide knowledge, solutions, and research for everyone in the aquaculture.

To sponsor please email: Tuti Tan – tutit@perendale.co.uk For more information on the conference please email: Shannon Parsons – shannonp@perendale.co.uk

November

22 Build my Feedmil Abu Dhabi,UAE millingandgrain.com /companies/build-my-feedmill/

1-3 Aquaculture Taiwan Taipei, Taiwan, www.aquaculturetaiwan.com 13- 16 AFRAQ - Aquaculture Africa Lusaka, Zambia www.was.org 14 - 17 Fenacam Natal, Brazil www.fenacam.com.br

2023

December 7-9 Seafood Expo Eurasia Istanbul, Turkiye https://seafoodexpoeurasia.com

2024

February 14 - 15 Aquafarm 20 24 Pordenone, Italy www.aquafarm.show 18 - 21 Aquaculture America 2024 Texas, USA www.was.org

20 - 22 VIV MEA 2023 Abu Dhabi www.vivmea.nl

Live session: October 5, 2023 São Paulo Brazil

TRAINING FOR MILLERS www.onlinemillingschool.com

☑ See The International Aquafeed team at this event 52 | October 2023 - International Aquafeed

Industry Events

TIOFIS 2023 Fostering Innovation and Sustainability in Agriculture Taiwan International Ocean and Fisheries Industry Show (TIOFIS) 2023, organised by My Exhibition Co. Ltd. and sponsored by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Taipei City Government Tourism Communications Bureau, proved to be a global gathering of aquacultural enthusiasts. This event, held from August 31st to September 2nd at Taipei Nangang Exhibition Centre, Hall 1, brought together attendees and delegates from around the world, serving as a prime channel for entry into Taiwanese, Asia-Pacific, and global markets.

A convergence of aquaculture sectors

TIOFIS 2023 provided a unique platform that interconnected diverse agricultural sectors, including farming, fishing, livestock, and cold chain industries. Domestic and international exhibitors seized the opportunity to find partners and gain global exposure.

The event's overarching theme centered on ‘smart technology,’ making it a one-of-a-kind global trade and exhibition platform across agriculture, aquaculture, and livestock.

Showcasing Taiwan's Innovation in Smart Agriculture

The spotlight was firmly placed on Taiwan's innovative achievements in smart agriculture, allowing the world to witness its prowess in this field. The grand opening ceremony was graced by Mr. Ball K.C. Chang, President of My Exhibition, who

expressed gratitude to various government bodies, emphasizing the need for global collaboration to promote sustainable and smart agriculture. He underscored the fusion of technology and responsibility in achieving the delicate balance between sustainability and profitability.

Distinguished Speakers and Diverse Perspectives

The opening ceremony also featured distinguished speakers such as Mr. Lin Tsung Hsein, President of the National Animal Industry Foundation, Ms. Du Wen-Jane, Deputy Minister from the Ministry of Agriculture, and Wang Hui-Mei from Changhua County Magistrate. Their presence highlighted the importance of the event and its mission to unite global efforts for sustainable agriculture. Major conferences held were - Blue Technology: Enabling a Sustainable Future by Intelligent Aquaculture and Diversified Health, Diffusion and Application Models of Innovative Aquaculture Beneficial Feeds, International Symposium of Promoting Sustainable Seafood and Ecological Aquaculture 2023, Australian Oyster Farming Seminar - Single seed farming and techniques

Focus on Profitability and Sustainability

This year's Taiwan Agriweek revolved around the core values of profitability and sustainability. It showcased innovative Annie Chen, Nizawa International Hi-Tech Corp

54 | October 2023 - International Aquafeed

Otto Tsai, President of Quadlink Technologies

Industry Events

Marco Prati, CEO of PLP Systems with Alex Feng

Hung-His Lee, Director, Ministry of Agriculture, Taiwan

technologies in smart agriculture, complemented by sustainable cultivation practices. Notable exhibitions included: • Taiwan International Agriculture and Horticulture Technology Expo: Featuring cutting-edge agricultural technology.

• Taiwan International Livestock Technology Expo: Focusing on precision nutrition for animals and low-carbon livestock practices.

• Taiwan International Fresh Cold Chain Expo: Highlighting smart preservation technologies and cold chain supply chain management.

• International Ocean and Fisheries Industry Expo: Showcasing innovative aquaculture technologies and circular water techniques.

Collaborations and Pavilions

TIOFIS showcased dynamic collaborations between industries, such as marine conservation, AI, sustainable fisheries, and 5G IoT. The event featured several pavilions, including the Smart Agriculture Technology Services Pavilion, Sustainable Farming Achievement Pavilion, AI Animal Health Industry Pavilion, and Innovative Feed Technology Pavilion.

Forums and Interactions

The Precision Animal Nutrition International Forum delved into topics like marine aquaculture, AI applications in animal health, and antibiotic-free breeding. It provided a platform for experts and enthusiasts to exchange insights and knowledge.

Milling and Grain magazine had the pleasure of visiting and speaking to many companies present, including Shin Tai, and the booth of ‘Marine Debris Recycling Coalition’.

A Global Presence

TIOFIS 2023 attracted over 13,000 visitors from 53 countries, with 303 exhibitors and 625 booths from 20 countries. Nearly 2000 innovative products and technologies were showcased, making it a global hub for agricultural innovation.

In conclusion, TIOFIS 2023 successfully brought together stakeholders from diverse agricultural sectors, fostering innovation, sustainability, and global collaboration. The event's focus on smart technology and responsible agriculture paved the way for a brighter and more sustainable future for Taiwan's agricultural and aquacultural landscape and its global partners.

International Aquafeed - October 2023 | 55

Industry Events

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XIX GASTRONOMIC SEAFOOD FESTIVAL

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Informa̲AQ23̲IAM̲Oct̲W19×H13.2cm.pdf 1 2023/9/8 上午 09:31:33

56 | October 2023 - International Aquafeed

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International Aquafeed - October 2023 | 57

insights Victam Insights October is next month! The countdown has started for the first Victam LatAm event in São Paulo, Brazil that will take place from 3-5 October 2023!

As the countdown to the highly anticipated event in Sao Paolo enters its final month, excitement is building among attendees from around the world. Victam LatAm 2023 promises to be bigger and better than ever before, with a line-up of world-class speakers, interactive workshops, and networking opportunities that are not to be missed.

One of the highlights of this event is the impressive line-up of speakers, who will be sharing their insights and expertise on a wide range of topics from process technology to ingredients and additives, it is all there!

In addition to the speakers, the event will feature a range of interactive workshops and breakout sessions held by our valued exhibitors, where attendees can dive deeper into specific topics and gain hands-on experience with the latest tools and technologies and new innovations are introduced. Whether you're looking to learn a new skill, expand your knowledge, or simply connect with like-

minded professionals within the animal feed industry, Victam LatAm 2023 is the place to be!

Of course, no trip to Sao Paolo would be complete without taking some time to explore the city and all it has to offer. From the bustling streets of the city center to the more laid-back neighbourhoods on the outskirts, there's something for everyone. You can visit museums, art galleries, and historical landmarks, or simply soak up the vibrant atmosphere and sample the local cuisine.

If you're planning to attend the event, we recommend that you start preparing in case you have not done that yet, to ensure that you get the most out of your experience. Be sure to book your accommodations, as hotels in the area are filling up quickly. You can find a list of recommended hotels on our website www.victamlatam. com, along with information about transportation options to and from the event.

We can't wait to see you at the Victam LatAm 2023 event next month. With so many exciting things in store, it's sure to be an unforgettable experience!

Conferences in São Paulo, Brazil

Perendale Publishers has partnered with VICTAM to host three conferences during the LatAm event in São Paulo, Brazil.

On October 3-4, there will be two half-day conferences held, to hear from industry experts about Aquaculture feed and Petfood production. The ‘Pet-Aqua feed production conference’ covers these two areas that utilise similar techniques, and is designed for understanding the process, learning what is new, and possibilities in the area of pet and aquatic feed production.

As an additional session for our Online Milling School, the ‘OMS-Offline: Trouble shooting for all (Milling-Aqua-Pet)’ will take place on October 3 and will comprise of a discussion panel and a Q&A session. During this Off-Line Session, we will be awarding Certificates of Attendance to those who have completed one of the 2023 six-week courses and who are in attendance.

The ‘Feed Milling Maximised’ conference takes place on October 5. The seminar presents keynote presentations along with eight quick-fire updates on equipment and technologies used in modern-day feed milling that improve efficiencies while maximising output.

To register, visit https://victamlatam.com/en-us/conference-program/conferences VICTAM insights - October 2023 | 58

Andritz in the spotlight!

Andritz has played a vital role in making this event in Latin America possible, thanks to their innovative solutions and cutting-edge technologies that have helped to optimise the event's operations and ensure its success. Andritz is a key player in the animal feed industry, offering a wide range of innovative solutions and technologies for feed producers around the world. From raw material handling and grinding to pelleting and extrusion, Andritz's portfolio covers the entire feed production process. With a focus on efficiency, quality, and sustainability, Andritz helps feed producers optimise their operations and meet the growing demand for high-quality animal feed.

uniform drying of each pellet. “The individual control of temperature and air flow in each drying zone, coupled with high energy efficiency, ensure consistent product quality and optimised operational costs,” says Michel. Committed to staying ahead and delivering the latest technologies to their customers, ANDRITZ experts are continuously developing improved processes and systems. "Currently, we are working on a new design that involves harnessing heat from the dryer exhaust through condensation, transforming vapor into liquid, and utilizing the released heat to pre-heat the air."

Navigating challenges

With an eye on sustainable prosperity, ANDRITZ champions a holistic approach that goes beyond single equipment solutions to embrace complete plant solutions.

Leveraging decades of experience and a global presence, ANDRITZ supports aqua feed manufacturers in identifying bottlenecks for heightened efficiency. Drawing from a diverse project portfolio across industries, ANDRITZ offers invaluable insights into the production process, fuelling ongoing improvement.

This comprehensive approach sets the stage for a future marked by value, safety, and renewed confidence in a thriving aqua feed sector. “As complete plant solutions providers, we aim to serve as a guiding light for our customers, empowering them to overcome operational challenges and navigate towards optimal costeffectiveness and efficiency from the project's inception to its completion,” says Andre Mello, Sales Manager at ANDRITZ.

As the call for sustainability and cost-efficiency transcends borders and mere industry buzzwords, paradigms are shifting globally to accommodate present needs and expectations.

Gunnar Hallmann, Industry Director at ANDRITZ, states, "Energy conservation, sustainability, and process optimisation have fused into an inseparable trio, guiding our industry's course."

The urgency of the moment, driven by escalating energy costs, soaring raw material prices, and rippling environmental concerns, has prompted a collective search for innovative, energy-saving alternatives.

"In the face of these challenges, aqua feed manufacturers in Latin America are recalibrating their energy approach.

For instance, 60 percent of the energy consumption in an aqua feed plant is used in the drying process. One of the solutions lies in harnessing underutilised excess heat – a potent yet often overlooked resource within production processes," explains Gunnar.

From excess heat to energy optimisation with preheated air

While not revolutionary, its premise – preheating air before entering the drying process – offers significant advantages. This approach leads to optimised energy utilization through elevated air temperature, enhancing moisture absorption and shortening drying cycles, resulting in substantial energy savings.

Michel Pereira, Global Application Manager at ANDRITZ, explains, "It's about reimagining energy – repurposing excess heat that often dissipates within production processes. This untapped potential becomes a catalyst for positive change."

Pre-heating air technology can seamlessly integrate with waste heat recovery systems, reutilising excess heat generated during production processes. Through the implementation of preheated air technology, aqua feed producers in Latin America can navigate the volatility of raw material prices and establish consistent operational costs. Furthermore, the method's impact extends to improved product quality, as controlled drying environments cultivate heightened excellence, ultimately resulting in increased customer satisfaction.

Incorporating resource optimisation in their own machines, ANDRITZ dryers feature heating zones and a controlled bed depth extending across the entire width of the dryer, providing precise temperature control for VICTAM insights - October 2023 | 59

A vision of sustainable prosperity

A glimpse into the future

In line with a steadfast commitment to industry advancement, ANDRITZ will participate in the upcoming Extrusion Conference - Pet Food and Aqua Feed, part of VICTAM LatAm 2023, in Sao Paulo, Brazil. A highlight of this event will be the insightful session by Michel Pereira, who will shed light on the intricacies of energy optimization in aqua feed plants.

His expertise promises to offer a valuable perspective on enhancing efficiency while aligning with sustainability and cost-effective objectives. “Our presentation will reinforce our dedication to innovation, knowledge-sharing, and collaborative progress, as we collectively strive for excellence in the aqua feed production landscape,” says Michel.

aquafeed.co.uk/web/companies Welcome to the market place, where you will find suppliers of products and services to the industry - with help from our friends at The International Aquafeed Directory (published by Turret Group).

Aerators

Drum filters

Conveyors Faivre + 33 3idah 81 84 01 32 www.faivre.fr PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1603

Air products Kaeser Kompressoren +49 9561 6400 www.kaeser.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1035

Additives DSM +43 2782 8030 www.dsm.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1605

Cablevey Conveyors +1 641 673 8451 https://cablevey.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1613 Vigan Enginnering +32 67 89 50 41 www.vigan.com aqfeed.info/e/1648

Computer software Inteqnion +31 543 49 44 66 www.inteqnion.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1277

Bühler AG +41 71 955 11 11 www.buhlergroup.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1614

Liptosa +34 902 157711 www.liptosa.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1608

FAMSUN +86 514 85828888 www.famsungroup.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1034

SAS Laboratories Phode +33 5 63 77 80 60 www.phode.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1644

IDAH +866 39 902701 www.idah.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1615

Romer Labs +43 2272 6153310 www.romerlabs.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1610

Faivre is a French company, and one of the world leaders in the conception, manufacture and production of aquaculture machines.

Since 1958, thanks to their knowledge of the market and strong experience in aquaculture, Faivre has developed high quality products to satisfy all of your needs, from one product to the full installation.

Strength, effectiveness and simplicity are the qualities of their production. aqfeed.info/e/1603

Coolers & driers

Jefo +1 450 799 2000 https://jefo.ca PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1607

Analysis

Faivre + 33 3 81 84 01 32 www.faivre.fr PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1603

Wenger Manufacturing +1 785-284-2133 www.wenger.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1616

Elevator buckets Tapco Inc +1 314 739 9191 www.tapcoinc.com aqfeed.info/e/1654

Bulk storage TSC Silos +31 543 473979 www.tsc-silos.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1612

60 | October 2023 - International Aquafeed

Elevator & conveyor components

Liptosa +34 902 15 77 11 www.liptoaqua.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1608

4B Braime +44 113 246 1800 www.go4b.com aqfeed.info/e/1655

ExtruTech Inc +1 785 284 2153 www.extru-techinc.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1618

Extruders Almex +31 575 572666 www.almex.nl PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1279

Wenger Manufacturing +1 785-284-2133 www.wenger.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1616 Zheng Chang +86 2164184200 www.zhengchang.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1623

GePro +49 54415 925252 www.ge-pro.de aqfeed.info/e/1656 Grand Fish Feed +202 20 650018 www.grand-aqua.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1628

PTN +31 73 54 984 72 www.ptn.nl PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1636

Plants Buhler AG +41 71 955 11 11 www.buhlergroup.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1614 Dinnissen BV +31 77 467 3555 www.dinnissen.nl PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1633

Fish Graders

FAMSUN +86 514 87848880 www.muyang.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1034

Faivre + 33 3 81 84 01 32 www.faivre.fr PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1603

Ottevanger +31 79 593 22 21 www.ottevanger.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1621

Fish pumps Faivre + 33 3 81 84 01 32 www.faivre.fr PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1603

Grinders

Zheng Chang +86 2164184200 www.zhengchang.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1623

Pulverisers Grand Fish Feed +202 20 650018 www.grand-aqua.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1628

IDAH +866 39 902701 www.idah.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1615

Hammermills Dinnissen BV +31 77 467 3555 www.dinnissen.nl PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1633 Tietjen Verfahrenstechnik GmbH +49 4106 6333 0 www.tietjen-original.com PROFILE: https://bit.ly/tietjenmp

Alltech +44 1780 764512 www.alltechcoppens.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1625

Biorigin www.biorigin.net PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1627

Tietjen Verfahrenstechnik GmbH +49 4106 6333 0 www.tietjen-original.com PROFILE: https://bit.ly/tietjenmp

Faivre + 33 3 81 84 01 32 www.faivre.fr PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1603

Aller Aqua +45 70 22 19 10 www.aller-aqua.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/961

Anpario +44 1909 537 380 www.anpario.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1626

IDAH +866 39 902701 www.idah.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1615

Fish counters

Feed and ingredients Adisseo +33 1 46 747104 www.adisseo.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1624

TekPro +44 1692 403403 www.tekpro.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1631

Van Aarsen International +31 475 579 444 www.aarsen.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1632

IDAH +866 39 902701 www.idah.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1615 Ottevanger +31 79 593 22 21 www.ottevanger.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1621

Symrise https://aquafeed.symrise.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1739

Pellet mill

Feed Mill

Equipment for sale

Buhler AG +41 71 955 11 11 www.buhlergroup.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1614

Palatability enhancers

Phileo (Lesaffre animal care) +33 3 20 81 61 00 www.lesaffre.fr PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1629

Enzymes DSM +43 2782 8030 www.dsm.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1605

IDAH +866 39 902701 www.idah.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1615

Moisture analysers Hydronix +44 1483 468900 www.hydronix.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1634

Packaging FAWEMA / The Packaging Group +49 22 63 716 0 www.fawema.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1635

Paddle Mixer Anderson www.andersonfeedtech.com aqfeed.info/e/1658

To include your company in the International Aquafeed market place in print, and a company page on our website contact Tuti Tan +44 1242 267700 • tutit@perendale.co.uk To visit the online market place visit: www.aqfeed.info/e/1130

Jefo +1 450 799 2000 https://jefo.ca PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1607

61 | October 2023 - International Aquafeed

NEW! SÃO PAULO BRAZIL

LATIN AMERICA’S LARGEST DEDICATED EVENT FOR THE ANIMAL FEED AND GRAIN PROCESSING INDUSTRIES

• Animal Feed • Agua Feed • Pet food • Poultry feed • Flour milling

• Grain processing, handling & storage

3-5 OCTOBER 2023 MORE INFORMATION Scan the QR code or visit victamlatam.com

G FOUNDINES I COMPAN

MORE INFORMATION � NICKMOUTHAAN@VICTAM.COM � +31 6 2126 4398 � WWW.VICTAMLATAM.COM

Probiotics DSM +43 2782 8030 www.dsm.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1605 Royal DSM is a global, purpose-led company in Health, Nutrition & Bioscience, applying science to improve the health of people, animals and the planet. DSM’s purpose is to create brighter lives for all. DSM’s products and solutions address some of the world’s biggest challenges while simultaneously creating economic, environmental and societal value for all its stakeholders - customers, employees, shareholders, and society at large. DSM and its associated companies employ approximately 23,000 people around the world and deliver annual net sales of about €10 billion.

DSM use their bright science to deliver positive transformations at scale for as many people as possible today and for generations to come, operating within the constraints of the world’s finite resources. DSM aim to redefine how they live and work in order to create a fairer, more prosperous and more sustainable society.

In Animal Nutrition and Health The DSM Animal Nutrition and Health business group offers customers a true end-to-end portfolio of products, solutions and services for sustainable and profitable animal farming. The company’s three dedicated business lines cover Precision Services, Performance Solutions + Biomin® and Essential Products.

TSC Silos +31 543 473979 www.tsc-silos.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1612

Vacuum Dinnissen BV +31 77 467 3555 www.dinnissen.nl PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1633

Weighing equipment Ottevanger +31 79 593 22 21 www.ottevanger.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1621

Yeast products Leiber GmbH +49 5461 93030 www.leibergmbh.de PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1640 Phileo (Lesaffre animal care) +33 3 20 81 61 00 www.lesaffre.fr PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1629

Precision Services Greater precision in animal farming is key to a more sustainable and profitable future. Their Precision Services use the latest data analytics and diagnostics to improve animal health, lifetime performance, resource use and environmental footprint — while mitigating risks and unlocking more value. Improving the sustainability and profitability of animal farming is secured with, aqfeed.info/e/1605

RAS Equipment Fish Farm Feeder +34 886 317 600 www.fishfarmfeeder.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1638 FishFarmFeeder is a company founded in 2008 that manufactures feeding systems for aquaculture with a complete catalog of feeders that cover all stages of the fish's life: hatchery, pre-grower and grow-out, both on land and at sea.

FishFarmFeeder’s mission is to: •

Offer globally specialized solutions only in the field of feed automation for aquaculture.

•

Contribute to a sustainable aquaculture helping to optimize production and improving fish welfare.

•

Respond to the needs of automation in the feeding of all stages of the fish's life.

•

Develope a profitable, reliable, accurate and safe technology.

•

Facilitate integration with other existing technologies in aquaculture such as sensors, software aqfeed.info/e/1603

RAS system Aqua Ultraviolet +1 952 296 3480 www.aquauv.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1639

For more information about our market place - please view or download our 2023 media kit

Silos FAMSUN +86 514 85828888 www.famsungroup.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1034

https://aqfeed.info/e/1529

63 | October 2023 - International Aquafeed

the interview Chan Hian Lim, Deputy Chief Executive Officer, Singapore Food Agency, Singapore Mr Chan Hian Lim is currently the Deputy Chief Executive Officer (Corporate, Industry, Technology) at the Singapore Food Agency (SFA). He oversees, leads and provide direction in SFA’s strategic planning and research, the management of SFA’s long-term budget planning, the engagement of industry stakeholders to build capability in food supply and safety solutions, and the formation of a strong joint partnership between SFA, industry, and consumers. Mr Chan received the highest defence accolade in the nation, the Defence Technology Prize (DTP), five times – four with his teams, and once with the DTP Individual (Engineering) Award in 2016. He graduated with both a Bachelor Degree in Electrical Engineering (First-class Honours) and Master of Engineering from the National University of Singapore in 1993 and 1997 respectively.

What keeps you going as Deputy CEO of SFA who oversees the aquaculture portfolio?

I spent a large part of my career contributing to the physical security (military defence) of this country. I am privileged to be given this opportunity to apply my many years of leadership, general management, and technical skills in building the security of my country – but this time in the nascent yet strategic national food security.

There are many challenges and trade-offs in building a ‘30 by 30’ food security vision, ranging from competing national needs in our scarce land and sea spaces, the management of sustainable farm productions in our aquatic environment, rising production costs (such as soaring energy prices) and a nation spoilt for choice with cheap food imports.

But my belief, passion, and commitment to strengthen the resilience of our food supply against an increasing global climate impact for our present and future generations of Singaporeans keep me going. In this job, there are many new things to learn, ranging from policy, agri technology, industry development and consumer partnership. All these make this job fulfilling.

What was Singaporeans’ perception of aquaculture/ fish farming in the past and how has that changed over the years? What is the reality today, in terms of grooming talents for the aquaculture sector?

Many seem to have the impression that aquaculture and fish farming is for the older generation and involves strenuous manual labour. That may have been true in the past, but Singapore’s aquaculture landscape has evolved. Most farmers I meet today are very educated and progressive. They use innovative technology that make their work processes more productive and control elements in the water of their closed containment systems, such as oxygen levels, waste, and feed, so fish farming today is much more high-tech than what many assume it to be.

These days, for example, farmers can also tap SFA’s Agrifood Cluster Transformation Fund, comprising co-funding components (capability upgrading, innovation and testbedding, and technology upscaling) to build and expand their production capacities and capabilities.

A thriving industry requires a workforce with the right skills and talents. We are partnering institutes of higher learning and the industry to build a pipeline of talent for the sector and upskill our existing workforce in the aquaculture sector. We will focus on skills in aquaculture sciences, engineering, and info-comm technology. For example, Republic Polytechnic offers the Diploma in Environmental & Marine Science, which trains students to develop sustainable environmental and aquaculture solutions to address challenges posed by climate change, including reduced agricultural and seafood yields and disease outbreaks.

You recently celebrated the 20th Anniversary of the MAC by hosting a symposium on St John’s Island. How has the MAC changed in the past 20 years?

Throughout the last 20 years, MAC has evolved with the times and ensured it remains relevant with tech advancement.

This is done by leveraging on research and innovation. Let me illustrate with two examples- firstly, MAC has undertaken research in indoor hatchery production technology and transformed local hatchery production. This is to ensure a long-term sustainable supply of marine fish fry. It used to be an extensive outdoor pond system vulnerable to weather changes. Now, we use an intensive indoor closed-containment system with less space to produce fry on a large-scale basis.

In 2021, MAC helped to set up a new floating indoor hatchery at Singapore Aquaculture Technologies (a local farm) by advising on hatchery system design, development of hatchery protocols, and training of farm staff.

Next, in advancing genetics and brood stock development, MAC partnered with Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory and successfully developed genetically superior Asian seabass lines that can produce seabass fry which grow at least 30 per cent faster. Such selective breeding programmes are important in enhancing the overall quality of fish farmed in Singapore.

What is the current goal of the MAC and the Singapore Food Agency going forward and with regards to food security?

We have identified seafood as our priority area as it is one of the more productive and resource-efficient food types, a good source of protein and suitable for land-scarce Singapore.

Because of these reasons, our aquaculture sector contributes significantly to our ‘30 by 30’ vision, which aims to build the agri-food industry’s capability and capacity to sustainably produce 30 per cent of Singapore’s nutritional needs by 2030.

I understand MAC also has plans to develop into a regional research and trial centre for aquaculture industries throughout Southeast Asia. Can you elaborate on this development please?

Last year, as part of the Singapore Aquaculture Plan, we introduced AquaPolis. Aquapolis is an aquaculture research development programme which will support our ambition of becoming a leading research and innovation hub for sustainable tropical aquaculture. AquaPolis will bring the industry and scientists together to develop solutions to real challenges faced by our farms to enhance their productivity and quality of fish.

MAC will serve as the research nucleus of AquaPolis. As such, we will enhance MAC’s facilities to cater to increased research and development needs. Some new features

64 | October 2023 - International Aquafeed

include recirculating aquaculture systems for research and the joint SFA-INVE Hatchery Technology Centre for developing advanced hatchery technologies.

At the aquaculture symposium, Dr Koh Poh Koon, who is the Senior Minister of State for Sustainability and the Environment, announced that SFA is commissioning a study to review how our research facilities could be developed and integrated with other aquaculture infrastructure such as jetties and hatcheries. This is part of longer-term planning to support the aquaculture sector.

Also, MAC will work closely with the industry to better understand the impact of aquaculture on the environment, and how we can steadily grow our commercial aquaculture sector while protecting our marine ecosystem.

Finally, how important do you consider aquaculture will be in the future to meeting Singapore’s protein and nutritional needs?

Our local aquaculture farms play an important role in strengthening our food security as local production will mitigate our reliance on imports and serve as a buffer during supply disruptions from import sources.

Part of our ‘30 by 30’ vision involves producing more protein such as fish in Singapore. Fish is a nutritious source of protein that Singapore farms can produce in a sustainable manner. There is also potential to produce the agricultural inputs such as feed and fry needed for fish production locally, which will ensure that we can continue to produce fish even when trade flows are disrupted.

International Aquafeed - October 2023 | 65

THE INDUSTRY FACES Thomas Kaeser awarded Bavarian Order of Merit Thomas Kaeser, CEO of Kaeser Kompressoren, has been awarded the Bavarian Order of Merit for Outstanding Achievements in Business and Community Engagement Thomas Kaeser, President and CEO of Germany’s Kaeser Kompressoren, has been awarded the Bavarian Order of Merit by Markus Söder, Minister-President of Bavaria. Kaeser is a highly successful economic leader and active member of the business community. In an Upper Franconian economy that has undergone extensive change, he has used structural transformation to help the economy locally and to grow Kaeser Kompressoren globally.

When presenting this prestigious honour, Söder stated, “He is a steadfast advocate for the Upper Franconian economy. He always has excellent ideas and suggestions for what can be done to benefit society.” Additionally, Söder emphasised that to receive the Bavarian Order of Merit one must accomplish something exceptional. “It cannot be bought or inherited; it must be earned,” he said.

In accepting this honour, Thomas Kaeser promised to continue applying his skills for the benefit of society as a whole as well as his company. He expressed his gratitude to the many people who have accompanied and shaped him throughout his life: his grandparents and parents, his six siblings, his friends and colleagues, the entire Kaeser Kompressoren staff of 7500 employees, and most especially his wife Tina-Maria and his sons Jan and Philipp. “I want to share a part of the Order with those who have supported and influenced me throughout my life,” he said.

SAIC appoints aquaculture expert to new director role The Sustainable Aquaculture Innovation Centre (SAIC) has announced the forthcoming departure of director of innovation and engagement Sarah Riddle and the arrival of sector stalwart Ed Ley-Wilson, as the innovation centre begins a new phase of its development.

After more than three years at SAIC, Sarah has decided to focus more on her family business Northern Light Consulting. She continued as a director in the consultancy alongside her part-time role at SAIC after joining the innovation centre in May 2020.

During Sarah’s time with SAIC, the innovation centre has seen its membership consortium exceed 340 organisations, reached the milestone of 100 funded R&D projects, and drawn UK£4.67 of third-party funding for every £1 of its own investment.

Ed Ley-Wilson will now take up the newly created role of director of innovation and business development, as SAIC looks to its third phase. Most recently head of aquaculture at Aquascot, a supplier of Scottish salmon products, he has 16 years’ experience in salmon farming, food processing and retailer engagement.

Ed has worked with universities, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), the aquaculture supply chain, regulators, and industry leadership groups and has particular expertise in innovation around fish welfare and feed alternatives, as well as sustainability and community impact.

Heather Jones, CEO of SAIC, said: “In 2020, we decided to redefine SAIC’s role and mission to achieve specific goals. Sarah joined us to help with that process and has been a huge part of successfully delivering on the aims we set out at that point. While we are sorry to see her go, Sarah has achieved everything we had hoped for and more, and we wish her all the best with her future endeavours.

“Ed will be an excellent addition to the SAIC team, providing a great deal of continuity with his breadth and depth of experience. He also brings with him the background and skills we need as we prepare to enter a new phase for the innovation centre with a new focus and plans to further develop our services.”

International Aquafeed appoints Costa Skotidas as Sales Manager Costa Skotidas has been appointed as International Sales Manager for the International Aquafeed magazine. Costa joins the team with over 15 years of experience in driving pragmatic and ‘customers first’ lead solutions-based sales within several sectors namely seafood, IT and media. Costa is based in London, and he has previously worked with Ace Aquatec as the EMEA Sales and Partnerships Manager and with IntraFish as the Accounts Manager.

International Aquafeed is pleased to welcome Costa onboard. "Costa brings with him ample experience in publishing and aquaculture at an international level. His strong background within the fish farming industry will benefit both our advertisers and our readership of International Aquafeed. In addition, Costa has expressed a keen interest in petfood production and will be representing both IAF and International Petfood magazines, plus working without other titles as well," says Roger Gilbert, Publisher and CEO of Perendale Publishers Limited.

66 | October 2023 - International Aquafeed

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