ICID Annual Report 2012-13 by ICID Central Office

CONTENTS Abbreviations .............................................................. 3 Foreword .................................................................... 5 1. About ICID ........................................................... 7 2. Working Groups in Action ................................. 17 3. Key ICID Events ................................................. 29 4. Activities at Regional Level ................................ 37 5. National Committees at Work ........................... 43 6. Working Together with Partners........................ 47 7. Rewarding Excellence ........................................ 55 8. Dissemination and Communication .................. 59 9. Financial Management ...................................... 63 Annex 1. Acknowledgements .................................... 65 Annex 2. World Irrigation and Drainage Data .......... 69

ICID ď Ź Annual Report 2012-13

ICID  Annual Report 2012-13

A B B R E V I AT I O N S ABID ADB AFEID

AFGICID AFRWG AGORA AIF AMID AMRWG ANAFIDE

ANID ARTF-CC ASRWG ATID AUNCID AWD BANCID BCM CBIP C-CONGR CEE-GWP CEGIS CERYD CH-AGRAM CHICID CI CNCID CNRID CO C-PR&P CPSP CRCID CTCID CWC CYCID CZNC-ICID DM DSI EB-JOUR EECCA ENCID EPADP ERWG ESTICID ETCID EWTDRA EWT-SIM EWT-WRRA FAO FAO-RAP

Brazilian National Committee, ICID Asian Development Bank Association Française pour l’Etude des Irrigations et du Drainage(French National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage) Afghanistan National Committee of ICID African Regional Working Group Access to Global Online Research in Agriculture Asian Irrigation Forum Association Malienne des Irrigations et du Drainage (Malian Committee of Irrigation and Drainage) American Regional Working Group Association Nationale des Améliorations Foncières de l’Irrigation, du Drainage et de l’Environnement (Moroccan National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage) Association Nigérienne pour l’Irrigation et le Drainage (Niger National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage) Asian Regional Task Force on Climate Change and Irrigation Asian Regional Working Group L’Association Tchadienne pour l’Irrigation et le Drainage (Chad National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage) Austrian National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage Alternate Wetting and Drying Bangladesh National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage Billion Cubic Meters Central Board of Irrigation and Power Committee on Congresses/Conferences Central and Eastern Europe Global Water Partnership Center for Environmental and Geographic Information Services Comité Español de Riegos y Drenajes (Spanish National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage) Swiss National Commission on Agro-Systems and Land Improvement Comité Nacional Chileno de Riego y Drenaje (Chilean National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage) Controlled irrigation Chinese National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage Romanian National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage Central Office Committee on Public Relations and Publications Country Policy Support Program Croatian Committee on Irrigation and Drainage ICID-Chinese Taipei Committee Central Water Commission Cyprus National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage Czech Committee of the International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage Direct membership General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works (Turkey) ICID Journal Editorial Board Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia Egyptian National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage Egyptian Public Authority on Drainage Projects European Regional Working Group ICID National Committee of Estonia Ethiopian Committee on Irrigation and Drainage European Work Team on Drainage European Work Team on Sustainable Irrigation Management European Work Team on Water Related Risk Analysis Food and Agricultural Organization of the UN FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific

FCRA FIJICID FINCID GB GECID GFCS GIS GL GMID GRCID GUCID GWP HIS Hon. HUCID IACID IAL ICARDA ICID ICID.UK ICOLD ICRISAT IDMP IDW IEC IFAD IFPRI IGS IHA IMIS INACID INCGEM INCH INCID INCOH INCSW INWEPF IRCID IRNCID IRQCID IRRI ISCID ISO ISW ITAC ITAL-ICID ITP IWALC IWMI IWRA IWRM JNC-ICID KAZCID

Foreign Contribution Regulation Act Fiji National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage Finnish National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage Governing Board German National Committee of ICID Global Framework for Climate Services Geographic Information Services Gigalitre Goulburn Murray Irrigation District Greek National Committee, ICID Guyana National Committee, ICID Global Water Partnership Heritage Irrigation Structure Honoraire Hungarian National Committee of ICID Irrigation Australia’s Committee on Irrigation & Drainage Irrigation Australia Ltd International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage British National Committee of ICID International Commission on Large Dams International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics Integrated Drought Management Program International Drainage Workshop International Executive Council International Fund for Agricultural Development International Food Policy Research Institute International Geosynthetics Society International Hydropower Association International Micro Irrigation Symposia Indonesian National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage Indian National Committee on Construction Materials and Structures Indian National Committee on Hydraulics Indian National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage Indian National Committee on Hydrology Indian National Committee on Surface Water International Network for Water and Ecosystem in Paddy Fields Irish National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage Iranian National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage Iraqi National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage International Rice Research Institute Israeli National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage International Organization for Standardization In-stream wetland treatment International Technical Advisory Committee Comitato Nazionale Italiano, ICID (Italian National Committee of ICID) IWMI-Tata Water Policy Program International Water-related Associations’ Liaison Committee International Water Management Institute International Water Resources Association Integrated Water Resources Management Japanese National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage National Committee of Kazakhstan on Irrigation and Drainage

ICID  Annual Report 2012-13

KCID KYRCID LCA LDCs LTCE LTCID MAGRAMA MAKCID

MANCID MASSCOTE MASSMUS MB MDBA MDG MNCID MoU MoWR MT MUS MXCID NAWQAM NC NDC-WWC NENCID NETHCID NGO NINCID NVIRP O&M OARE PANCID PAWEES PCSO PCTA PFC PH PIM PNC-ICID PNCID QNFSP RAID RID RUCID SADC SANCID SARIA SC SCADA SG SGH SINCID SIWI SLNICID SOMIS SSD SWWW SYCID TANCID TCC

Korean National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage Kyrgyz National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage Life Cycle Approaches Least Developed Countries Long Term Cap Equivalent Lithuanian National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Spain Comite Nationale d’Irrigation et de Drainage de Macédoine (Macedonian National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage) Malaysian National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage Mapping System and Services for Canal Operation Techniques Mapping Systems and Services for Multiple Uses Management Board Murray-Darling Basin Authority Millennium Development Goals Myanmar National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage Memorandum of Understanding Ministry of Water Resources Management Transfer Multiple Use water Services Mexican National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage National Water Quality and Availability Management Project National Committees/Committee New Delhi Center of the World Water Council Nepal National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage Netherlands National ICID Committee Non-Governmental Organization Nigerian National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage Northern Victoria Irrigation Renewal Project Operation and Maintenance Online Access to Research in the Environment Pakistan National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage International Society of Paddy and Water Environment Engineers Permanent Committee on Strategy and Organization Permanent Committee for Technical Activities Permanent Finance Committee President Honoraire Participatory Irrigation Management Philippine National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage Portuguese National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage Qatar National Food Security Programme Regional Association for Irrigation and Drainage Royal Irrigation Department National Committee of the Russian Federation on Irrigation and Drainage Southern African Development Community South African National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage Southern African Regional Irrigation Association Staff Committee Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition Secretary General Secretary General Honoraire Slovenian National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage Stockholm International Water Institute Sri Lanka National Committee, ICID Service Oriented Management of Irrigation Systems Sub Surface Drainage Stockholm World Water Week Syrian National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage Tanzania National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage Total Channel Control

ICID  Annual Report 2012-13

TF Task Force TF-BIO-ENERGY Task Force on Water for Bio-Energy and Food TF-FIN Task Force on Financing Water for Agriculture TF-SEDIMENTATION Task Force on Sedimentation of Reservoirs TF-VE Task Force on Value Engineering TF-WWF7 Task Force to Guide ICID Inputs to World Water Forum 7 THAICID Thai National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage TUCID Turkish National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage UACID Ukraine National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage UEA University of East Anglia UIP User Interface Platform UN United Nations UNCSD United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UNESCO-IHE UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education UNU-INWEH United Nations University Institute on Water, Environment and Health UNW-DPC UN-Water Decade Programme on Capacity Development URUCID Uruguay National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage USCID US Committee on Irrigation and Drainage UzNCID Uzbekistan National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage VP Vice President VPH Vice President Honoraire WATSAVE Water Saving WB Workbody WG Working Group WG-CAFM Working Group on Comprehensive Approaches to Flood Management WG-CLIMATE Working Group on Global Climate Change and Agricultural Water Management WG-CROP Working Group on Water and Crops WG-DRG Working Group on Drainage WG-DROUGHT Working Group on Water Management in Water Stressed Regions WG-ENV Working Group on Environment WG-HIST Working Group on History of Irrigation, Drainage and Flood Control WG-IDSST Working Group on Irrigation and Drainage in the States under Socio-Economic Transformation WG-MDGs Working Group on Millennium Development Goals WG-MIS Working Group on Modernization of Irrigation Services WG-ON-FARM Working Group on On-Farm Irrigation Systems WG-POVERTY Working Group on Role of Irrigation in Poverty Alleviation and Livelihoods WG-PQW Working Group on Use of Poor Quality Water for Irrigation WG-SDTA Working Group on Sustainable Development of Tidal Areas WG-TRUE Working Group on Technology and Research Uptake and Exchange WG-WATS Working Group on Water Saving for Agriculture WG-YPF Working Group on Young Irrigation Professionals Forum WID World Irrigation and Drainage WIF World Irrigation Forum WMO World Meteorological Organization WUAs Water User Associations WUGs Water User Groups WWAP World Water Assessment Programme WWC World Water Council WWD World Water Day WWF World Wide Fund for Nature WWF-7 7th World Water Forum YUGCID Yugoslav Association on Irrigation and Drainage (Erstwhile) ZACID Zambian National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage ZwCID Zimbabwe National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage

FOREWORD

ncreasing demographic, economic and sustainability requirements make it imperative for all those engaged in development in various sectors to be aware of the limiting natural resources that we have at our disposal to meet the future needs. Food production, essential for eradicating hunger and malnutrition, is one such sector. Ensuring water and food security through intensification of agriculture and sustainable irrigation have to be given top attention.The financial year 2012-13, under report, saw various Working Groups and task forces of ICID pushing the agenda of sustainable irrigation with greater vigour.

ICID, dedicated to sustainable agriculture by improving land and water management through the efforts of its National Committees, supported by activities at regional level and various ICID Working Groups at international level, over the years,has been working toward â&#x20AC;&#x153;sustainable intensification of agricultureâ&#x20AC;? using lesser energy and water resources. As irrigation directly provides the means for poverty alleviation and socio-economic transformation, sustainable irrigation assumes a critical role. At the same time due to the extensive use of chemicals in modern irrigated agriculture makes the quality of irrigation return water for downstream uses unsuitable or economically unviable. Various Working Groups during the year under report have made progress on many of these issues. Of particular interest has been the topic of safe use of wastewater for irrigation. Sustainability of irrigation is threatened by the extreme climatic events such as floods and droughts.The best adaptation to climate change and its consequent impact on agriculture due to more frequent droughts is the provision of sustainable irrigation itself. At the same time improving water use efficiency by modernising the existing irrigation systems and on-farm interventions has been at the forefront of ICID Working Groups and through the institution of WATSAVE awards. In addition, World Irrigation and Drainage Prize, instituted with the support from the Chinese National Committee has been launched during this year. The close nexus between Food-Energy-Water and their influence on many other development sectors necessitates that the development alternatives should factor these mutual influences in their planning and management. This in turn requires that various users, planners and managers in these sectors do understand the influence their activities have on each other. Learning lessons from the past successes and mistakes, through the study of historical irrigation systems, encouraging the participation of young professionals, and indoctrinating the use of latest technological developments at the ground level enables National Committees create the right ambience for making the existing irrigation systems more efficient. The work on the initiative to recognize Heritage Irrigation Structures and learn sustainability lessons started this year. Distance learning was used to train young professionals in Service Oriented Management of Irrigation Systems in collaboration with UNESCO-IHE. National Committees have undertaken various activities during the year within the countries, some of which are also reported herein. Central Office effected a number of changes, making better use of the information technology, for support and services provided to its members. We are thankful to all the experts who have contributed their valuable time to the activities of the Commission. In order to encourage the participation of various stakeholders in the work of National Committees, on one hand and the ICID on the other, the historic decision to open the direct membership of ICID to the companies, institutions and individuals was implemented during the year. Although, the

ICID ď Ź Annual Report 2012-13

inflow of members is yet to pick up, already five members have been admitted to ICID direct. We welcome these members and encourage others to make use of this opportunity. A number of other important decisions taken at Adelaide in this direction were implemented during the year. The year also saw hectic preparations for the First World Irrigation Forum by Turkish National Committee (TUCID), our host, international partners and many experts from the National Committees. This new initiative is aimed at bringing together various stakeholders on a single platform in order to make decision making in irrigation and drainage sector more inclusive and multi-disciplinary. Many International partners, such as, FAO, IWMI, ADB, GWP, IFPRI, WB, UNESCO-IHE etc are closely working with us for the success of the Forum. I am sure the participants to the Forum in Mardin, Turkey will get the best return for their time and money. We welcome you all to the Forum.

Avinash C Tyagi SECRETARY GENERAL

ICID ď Ź Annual Report 2012-13

ABOUT ICID A. What We Are?  We are serving the world community for over six decades International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID) is a leading scientific, technical, and professional international not-for-profit organization in the fields of irrigation, drainage, and flood management. It was established on 24 June 1950 with New Delhi as its Secretariat. The objective of the commission is to enhance the world-wide supply of food and fibre for all people by improving water and land management, and the productivity of irrigated and drained lands through the appropriate management of water, environment and the application of irrigation, drainage and flood management techniques.



Our Mission is ‘managing water for sustainable agriculture’

The mission of ICID is to stimulate and promote the development and application of the arts, sciences and techniques of engineering, agriculture, economics, ecological and social sciences in managing water and land resources for irrigation, drainage and flood management for achieving sustainable irrigated agriculture. ICID addresses all the issues related to entire spectrum of agricultural water management practices ranging from rainfed agriculture to supplemental irrigation, land drainage, deficit irrigation to full irrigation.

 Our membership network is spread across the world ICID promotes its objective through a network of National Committees, like-minded international organizations, private companies, and individual members. Presently, ICID membership network is spread over about 100 countries across the regions of Africa, Americas, Asia, Oceania, and Europe, covering over 90% of the irrigated area of the world. (sheet 1 and 2). The membership of the Commission primarily comprises the National Committees representing the member countries. The National Committees in turn have their own membership of individuals, institutions and private companies from their countries. Direct membership for institutions, companies and individuals is also available where the constitution of a National Committee does not have provision for the participation for individuals and private institutions/ companies. Direct membership is also available from those countries that are not a member of ICID, provided such members abide by the constitution of ICID.

 We stand for a world without hunger In 1950, when ICID was established, the world population was about 2.5 billion and the irrigated area was about 94 million ha. While the world population has tripled since then, the food production has kept pace with the demand, thanks to the first green revolution and subsequent focus on development of the irrigated agriculture. ICID can surely take pride, albeit modestly, in supporting this endeavour. Presently, irrigation covers about 300 million ha (20% of the world’s arable land) and produces 40% of stable crop output which contributed to the resilience of global agriculture

ICID  Annual Report 2012-13

Sheet 1

ICID  Annual Report 2012-13

ICID MEMBERSHIP NETWORK 2013

MEMBER COUNTRIES 58

NETWORK COUNTRIES 38 Map not to scale

ICID  Annual Report 2012-13

production system under increasing variability of climate. Drainage of rainfed lands enhances the productivity of land and crops. Presently, some 130 million ha of rainfed farmland has drainage provisions which contribute about 15% of the crop output. In irrigated areas, drainage system is provided in about 60 million ha with a view to maintain its sustainability. ICID believes that food security at various levels: global, national, local and household, starts with assured agriculture production. With the world entering a period of growing water scarcity, some estimate indicates that by 2030, global demand for water could outstrip supply by over 40%, if the water is used as in a business as usual manner. Given the challenge of raising the global food production by about 70% by 2050 without significantly expanding agricultural/ irrigated land, ICID is committed to enhance the world wide supply of food and fibre for all people in a sustainable manner. ICID believes that assured and increased food production comes mainly from irrigated agriculture, especially in semiarid and arid areas. ICID, as the premier international organization, therefore strives to promote programs to enhance sustainable development of irrigated agriculture.

 We fulfil our mission through generation, exchange and dissemination of knowledge ICID is a widely recognized international organization with a global flagship programs in ‘Irrigation and Drainage’. The Commission promotes its mission by pooling and sharing of knowledge on the topics related to irrigation, drainage and flood management and making it available worldwide; addressing emerging problems and challenges by promoting evolution of suitable remedial measures; promoting water savings / conservation in agriculture; promoting equity including gender equity between users and beneficiaries; and promoting preservation and improvement of soil and water quality of irrigated lands; etc. The Commission accomplishes its mission by exchange of information amongst its National Committees, member institutions, private companies and individual members by holding periodical meetings, sponsoring of conferences, symposia, workshops, and exhibits, organizing studies; training, study tours and experiments; publication of journals, conference proceedings, reports, guidelines for best practices, books, documents; publishing newsletters, bulletins, periodicals, pamphlets, posters, teaching and extension aids and literature for informing the world community at large about the developments associated with irrigation, drainage and flood management; cooperating with other national, regional and International Organizations, whose interests and activities are related to the mission of ICID, and taking such other measures as may be considered necessary within its field of activities. ICID provides a unique platform for the exchange of knowledge and information related to agricultural water management. ICID organizes triennially World Irrigation and Drainage Congresses to deliberate on certain specific questions relating to irrigation and drainage. At every Congress an eminent professional is invited to deliver N.D. Gulhati Memorial Lecture. Regional issues and challenges concerning irrigation, drainage or micro-irrigation are addressed at the Regional Conferences, International Drainage Workshops, and International Micro irrigation Symposia on periodic basis. The meetings of all ICID workbodies are held annually preceding to the Executive Council meeting. All these events provide an excellent platform to the participants for networking with peers and information exchange. Commencing from 2013, ICID is starting triennial World Irrigation Forum, to support multidisciplinary discussions towards the solutions to water management. First World Irrigation Forum (WIF1) will be organized at Mardin, Turkey from 29 September to 3 October 2013. The objective of the WIF1 is to exchange latest irrigation and drainage policies, innovations and technologies, and advocate political commitments for sustainable irrigated agriculture.

ICID  Annual Report 2012-13

Sheet 2

ICID NETWORK COUNTRIES MEMBERS ‘A C T I VE’ Sl. No.

National Committee

Acronym

Year of Joining

Afghanistan

AFGICID

2008

Australia

IACID

1952

Austria

AUNCID

1954

Bangladesh

BANCID

1973

Brazil*

ABID

1970

Canada

CANCID

1956

Chad

ATID

2012

China

CNCID

1963

Croatia

CRCID

1993

Czech Republic

CZNC-ICID

1997

Egypt*

ENCID

1950

Estonia

ESTICID

2001

Ethiopia

ETCID

1976

Fiji

FIJICID

2010

Finland

FINCID

2000

France

AFEID

1953

Germany

GECID

1957

Hungary

HUCID

1955

India*

INCSW

1950

Indonesia*

INACID

1950

Iran

IRNCID

1955

Iraq

IRQCID

2006

Ireland

IRCID

1978

Italy*

ITAL-ICID

1950

Japan

JNC-ICID

1951

Kazakhstan

KAZCID

2006

Korea Republic

KCID

1970

Lithuania

LNCID

1994

Malawi

MALCID

1967

Malaysia

MANCID

1958

Mali

AMID

2005

Mexico

MXCID

1951

Morocco

ANAFIDE

1959

Nepal

NENCID

1973

Netherlands*

NETHCID

1950

Niger

ANID

2007

Pakistan

PANCID

1953

Philippines

PNC-ICID

1956

Portugal

PNCID

Romania

CNRID

Russia

Turkey*

TUCID

United Kingdom

ICID.UK

1954 1951

Ukraine

UACID

1996

United States

USCID

1951

Uzbekistan

UzNCID

1994

Zambia

ZACID

1966

Zimbabwe

ZwCID

1955

CO M M I T TE E 58

Chinese Taipei Committee

CTCID

1969

M E M B E R S ‘ D E E M E D I N AC TI V E ’ 59

Algeria

CNAID

1965 (1999)1

Angola

ANGCID

1975 (1994)

Argentina

ARCID

1975 (2004)

Belgium

BELCID

1988 (1997)

Bulgaria

BNCID

1960 (2006)

Colombia

INAT

1966 (2003)

Dominican Republic

DOMCID

1961 (1986)

Ecuador

EDORCID

1959 (1985)

Ghana

GHANCID

1958 (1963)

Greece

GRwCID

1957 (2012)

Guyana

GUCID

1957* (2012)

Honduras

HOCID

1979 (1999)

Israel

ISCID

1950 (2012)

Ivory Coast

IVCID

1969 (1982)

Jordan

JORCID

1978 (2003)

Kenya

KENCID

1977 (2003)

Kyrgyz Republic

KYRCID

2004 (2010)

Lebanon

LEBCID

1964 (1976)

Libya

LICID

1988 (2000)

Macedonia

MAKCID

1995 (2010)

Madagascar

MADCID

1983 (1986)

Mozambique

MOCID

1978 (2006)

Myanmar

MINCID

1962* (2012)

Nigeria

NINCID

1970* (2012)

Panama

PANACID

1980 (1990)

Peru

PERU-ICID

1965 (1973)

Poland

POCID

1967 (2006)

Senegal

SENCID

1966 (1992)

Serbia (erstwhile Yugoslavia)*

YUGCID

2002 (2012)

1954

Slovak Republic

SKNC-ICID

1996 (2006)

1992

Sudan

SUCID

1964 (2003)

RUCID

1955

Surinam

SURCID

1956 (1985)

Saudi Arabia

SACID

1977

Tajikistan

TAJCID

1997 (2003)

Slovenia

SINCID

1992

Tunisia

TUNCID

1960 (1963)

South Africa

SANCID

1993

Uganda

UGCID

1963 (1983)

Spain

CERYD

1955

Uruguay

URUCID

2007 (2012)

Sri Lanka*

SLNICID

1950

Venezuela

VENCID

1963 (1982)

Switzerland*

CH-AGRAM

1951

Vietnam

VICID

1960 (2003)

Syria

SYCID

1962

Tanzania

TANCID

2011

Thailand*

THAICID

1950

* Founder Member 1 Year in parenthesis is the NC becoming inactive

ICID  Annual Report 2012-13

ICID works in close collaboration with many international and regional organizations having similar objectives such as, FAO, IFAD, IWMI, World Bank, ADB, UN-Water, GWP, WWC, UNDP, SARIA, etc. ICID in the past has been involved in the global discussions leading to Agenda 21, World Water Vision, and recently concluded Rio+20 events.

We address multi-disciplinary aspects of irrigation and drainage by synergizing all stakeholders ICID is profoundly concerned with the sustainable development of irrigation and drainage while preserving the environment and is working towards social equity. As such the Commission is not merely a technical organization but the one concerned with global development issues. It recognises the close nexus between water, food, land and energy. The Commission, with active support from its member countries, provides an international forum and network in which the technical, agronomic, socio-economic, environmental and managerial complexities involved in the development, management and operation of irrigation, drainage and flood management works are discussed. Recognizing that irrigation and drainage is not just an engineering activity, ICID also covers agronomic, social, financial, and environmental aspects too. The questions addressed by various triennial Congresses clearly indicate a progressive shift from deliberating on purely technical questions to global water and food issues and the sustainability of irrigation. For the purpose, ICID draws together the diverse disciplines and a pool of over 200 professionals/ experts involved in the field of irrigation, drainage and flood management throughout the world. These professionals through technical and strategic workbodies address topics of current importance in developing/ emerging, least developed and developed countries. ICID works towards creating a synergy between agricultural and water policies, and increased investment both from public and private sources for sustainable development of irrigation and drainage. As farmers are at the core of agricultural water use and are the principal stakeholders, ICID promotes Participatory Irrigation Management (PIM)/ Management Transfer (MT) to enhance the performance of irrigation schemes.

B. Organization Structure and Management ICID achieves its mission through voluntary contribution of experts from its National Committees (NCs). An International Executive Council (IEC) supported by Management Board (MB) governs its activities. The Commission presently is assisted in strategic, administrative and technical matters by three Administrative Committees, three Permanent Committees, four Regional Working Groups, seventeen Working Groups, and four Task Forces.

International Executive Council (IEC) The International Executive Council (IEC) composed of one representative from each National Committee and the Office Bearers (President, Secretary General, and nine Vice Presidents) is vested with the management of the affairs of the ICID (sheet 3). The Council meets each year and considers all matters of policy which may be initiated or sponsored by any member National Committee or Office Bearers or by the Management Board and may itself initiate or otherwise advise and lay down any matter of policy. All matters affecting the executive or administrative function and financial liabilities of ICID come up before the Council whose decisions are conclusive. IEC is presided over by the President, who is also responsible for the direction

ICID  Annual Report 2012-13

Sheet 3

ICID OFFICE BEARERS

ICID  Annual Report 2012-13

to the Central Office. Secretary General, who is also the Commission’s Treasurer, is responsible for the conduct of overall administrative and financial business of ICID.

National Committees (NCs) The National Committees are the building blocks of ICID and the main vehicle in advancing the Commission’s mission. Any geographical area independently administered by a sovereign government and having interest in the activities of the Commission is eligible to become a member by establishing a National Committee. It is composed of representatives of officers of the government, technical and scientific organizations, government and non-government institutions, irrigators, companies and individuals with interests concerned with, or desirous of promoting and furthering the mission and objectives of the Commission. The National Committees are increasingly becoming multi-disciplinary in nature and are being broad-based. They collaborate with other organizations having related aims within the countries. National Committees host the IEC meetings, Congresses, World Irrigation Forum, and Regional Conferences by rotation, and also organize activities in their respective countries to implement various action programs of their own or promoted/ sponsored by the Commission.

Management Board (MB) The Management Board (MB) comprises the President, immediate Past President (for one year only), Chairpersons of the Permanent Committee on Technical Activities (PCTA), Permanent Finance Committee (PFC), Permanent Committee on Strategy and Organizational Affairs (PCSO) and the Secretary General. The Management Board (MB) is responsible for the implementation of the decisions made by the Council through the Central Office (CO) and also decides such actions in between Council meetings as are necessary to properly effect the working of the Commission.

Permanent Committee on Strategy and Organization (PCSO) The PCSO, as the name suggests, develops the strategy of the Committee and is concerned with increasing the membership and assisting the National Committees to become more active in their own countries to achieve the goals set for them from time to time. The Committee also undertakes issues related to strategic planning for ICID. The Committee coordinates the activities of Vice Presidents in their respective areas. PCSO is chaired by Vice Pres. Dr. Ragab Ragab (UK) since 2011.

Permanent Committee for Technical Activities (PCTA) The PCTA is concerned with all the technical activities of the Commission including related publications. It is responsible for guiding the activities of the technical workbodies, for the selection of Questions/Themes for Congresses, Conferences, Special Sessions, Symposia, etc., in finalization of the technical conclusions thereof and for making appropriate recommendations for actions there on. Vice Pres. Hon. Dr. Felix B. Reinders (South Africa) is chairing the PCTA since 2011.

Permanent Finance Committee (PFC) The PFC deals with the financial matters of the Commission. It reviews the receipts and expenditures, advises the Council on the previous year’s accounts and on the proposed or provisional budget, and makes recommendations on the annual subscriptions and other support of the participating countries for the current and future years. It may give its opinion to the President and the Secretary General on the elements to be taken into account to prepare the budgets of the future years. Vice Pres. Hon. Dr. Saeed Nairizi (Iran) is chairing the Committee since 2008.

ICID  Annual Report 2012-13

Central Office (CO) Since the establishment of ICID in 1950, its Secretariat known as the ‘Central Office (CO)’ is located in New Delhi, India. Government of India facilitated the establishment of the CO by making available the land for its building on perpetual lease to the Commission. The day to day affairs of CO are managed by the Secretary General assisted by professionals and staff. A Staff Committee (SC) reviews and formulates the work procedures and the staff structure of the Central Office, in keeping with the changing requirements of ICID, and advice the Secretary General on the functioning of the Central Office. The Central Office facilitates a knowledge sharing platform by hosting the website (http://www.icid. org) to fulfil its mission. The CO facilitates and coordinates annual meetings of various workbodies and Executive Council by compiling agenda and minutes, disseminating knowledge by bringing out in-house periodicals like weekly e-Bulletin, monthly News Update, and quarterly ICID News on regular basis. It also supports Chair of the Editorial Board in publication of ICID Journal ‘Irrigation and Drainage’. The CO coordinates and assists the host National Committees in the organization of the key ICID events like Congress, World Irrigation Forum, and Regional Conferences. The CO brings out various technical publications from time to time and coordinates various ICID Awards. The Central Office also houses a modest library having collection of technical books, reports, proceedings, periodicals and ICID publications.

ICID  Annual Report 2012-13

MILESTONES IN THE HISTORY OF ICID

ICID  Annual Report 2012-13

WORKING GROUPS IN ACTION SUSTAINABLE INTENSIFICATION OF AGRICULTURE USING LESSER WATER RESOURCES

ith growing world population, increased competition for water resources and pressure for enhanced environmental allocations, agriculture and food security are at the core of much of the discussions on sustainable development. Occurrence of droughts and floods in some or other parts of the world have also become common affecting the agricultural production and livelihood of rural population. The cumulative impacts of all these factors besides climate change has culminated on reduced water supply for irrigation. Countries across the world have been striving to produce more and better quality food with less water and energy. There has been renewed interest in improving performance of large-scale surface irrigation schemes through modernization of infrastructure, services and participatory management. In many countries drainage provisions are priority works for sustainable land productivity, while preserving the local water-bodies from pollution due to excessive use of agricultural chemicals. There has been increased focus and awareness in treating and using domestic wastewater for irrigation. “As agriculture sector is still the major contributor of GDP in many developing and all least developed countries, irrigation is of major importance to achieve food security, social and economic development and social stability.” Dr. Gao Zhanyi President ICID, 2012

ICID through its large pool of experts in its core areas of irrigation, drainage, and flood management covering wide range of disciplines like engineering, hydrology, agronomy, environment, sociology, economics representing all regions of the world continue its endeavor to develop and share new knowledge and best practices in handling the challenges and seize opportunities provided by new technologies. These experts contribute voluntarily through various committees, working groups, work teams, and task forces. Each workbody has a specific mandate and tenure and is led by a Chairperson assisted by a ViceChair and a Secretary, while members of the workbodies are nominated by member countries and also through direct membership. A list of the prevailing workbody Chairpersons is shown in sheet 4. The country-wise members on workbodies are shown in Annex 1. The following discussion provides a summary of major activities carried out by the workbodies during the year 2012-13.

Irrigation for Poverty Alleviation and Socio-Economic Transformation Adequate availability and reliable access to water is fundamental to agriculture-based rural livelihoods. Generally investment in irrigation and drainage is very promising in developing and least developing countries as it helps promote rural food security, poverty alleviation and adaptation to climate change. It enables households to generate more income, increase their resilience and, in some cases, transform their livelihoods. In this regard, increasing and improving investments in agricultural water management (irrigation and drainage) to support smallholders’ livelihoods has to be prioritized. The Working Group on Role of Irrigation in Poverty Alleviation and Livelihoods (WG-POVERTY) was established in 2008. The mandate of the group is to- synthesize specific knowledge and experience from the irrigation sector, design pro-poor actions in a wider understanding of irrigation along the whole rainfed-irrigated continuum, look for solutions that work within a clearly defined socio-economic context, emphasize multiple-use (MUS) of irrigation systems as a specific approach to alleviate poverty, prepare guidelines supported by case studies on how to enhance the poverty alleviation and livelihood improvement impacts of new and existing projects, and the effect of urbanization on smallholders in periurban areas. The Chairman Peter Lee (UK) during the meeting of the Group held in June 2012 at Adelaide noted that whilst virtually all government-funded irrigation had the aim of alleviating poverty, the poor had shown that

ICID  Annual Report 2012-13

they were capable of extracting more value by multiple use of the formal systems in ways that may not have been anticipated or even permitted; for example, using canal banks as routes to market, drawing water for gardens, livestock, brick making and domestic water use. This indicated that irrigation professionals could do more to listen to the needs of the poor and facilitate multiple uses of systems for the benefit of not only farmers, but the landless poor as well. The group is in the process of preparing a position paper on the ‘Role of Irrigation in Poverty Alleviation and Enhancement of Livelihoods’. The position paper will discuss – definitions of poverty, examples of opportunities for the poor through irrigation, increasing livelihoods through participations, continuing challenges for the poor, and pro-poor interventions. Since the last two decades, the countries undergoing socio-economic transformation in Central Asia and Europe are facing the challenges of economic, political and social situation, especially in rural areas. These challenges include reduction in the government subsidy to agriculture and lack of investment not only in development of irrigation and drainage works, but also in maintenance of the existing infrastructure. Consequently, there has been a drastic reduction in irrigated area in these countries, significant loss of organizations responsible for supporting infrastructure of irrigation and capacity building in water management, and lack of interest of young professionals in irrigation and drainage sector. To address these issues ICID established a Working Group on Irrigation and Drainage in the States Under Socio-Economic Transformation (WG-IDSST). The major objective of the group is to develop and strengthen the network among the countries in transition and to create database and exchange of information about changing situation in irrigation and drainage. Adequate and well-maintained water infrastructure is a necessary condition for economic growth and poverty reduction. From water supply and sanitation to irrigation, flood management and hydropower, investments in water infrastructure need to keep up with the country’s demand. New systems must be built for growing and urbanizing populations, changing consumption and income patterns, and food and energy security demands. At the same time, deteriorating structures require rehabilitation to maintain reasonable level of service. Most Governments are increasingly finding difficult to finance operation, maintenance, and modernization of existing irrigation facilities. Different approaches have been advocated, including treating water as an economic good, exploring the role of demand management, use of full cost pricing, or resource pricing, the introduction of volumetric charging of water, water markets, or tradable water rights. The focus of Task Force on Financing Water for Agriculture (TF-FIN) is to get a better understanding and assessment of (i) the required investments and beneficiaries of those investments in agricultural water, (ii) the presently available financing mechanism and constraints for maintaining or improving physical irrigation capacity; and (iii) the expected changes and innovations for more appropriate financing mechanisms to enable sustainable water use for food production. The TF-FIN organized a workshop on “Country case studies on water use charging systems and available financing of irrigation” held in Adelaide, Australia. Three country case studies were presented ‘Financing of raising Clanwilliam dam for flood safety and irrigation expansion in the Lower Olifants River WUA’ by Dr. G. Backeberg (South Africa); ‘The economics of irrigated rice in Thailand: what options for financing irrigation?’ by Dr. Sylvain-Roget Perret (France), and ‘Policies and strategies on irrigation charging systems for rice paddies in Japan and the Asian monsoon region’ by Prof. Dr. Kazumi Yamaoka (Japan). Chairman Dr. Backeberg is in the process of finalizing the TF report which will be tabled at its last meeting to be held in October 2013 at Mardin, Turkey.

ICID  Annual Report 2012-13

Ensuring Sustainable Irrigation In developed countries, industrialized farming systems have resulted in widespread soil and water contamination from pesticide and fertilizer runoff, leading to eutrophication of water bodies affecting quality and quantity of water available for other uses. There are not enough new land and water resources that can be diverted for agricultural production without incurring huge environmental and social costs. It is recognized that poverty alleviation, changing unsustainable and promoting sustainable patterns of consumption and production and protecting and managing the natural resource base of economic and social development are the overarching objectives and essential requirements for sustainable development. While there is scope to increase global food production, future approaches and technologies must be based on sustainable intensification. The green economy in the context of sustainable development and poverty eradication was one of the themes for the UN Conference on Sustainable Development held in Rio de Janeiro in June 2012 (Rio+20), which requires the achievement of food security by using fewer natural resources. This could be realized through improved resource efficiency, substantial investments and innovations. Excessive application of irrigation water to crops and poor operation and maintenance of irrigation systems lead to waterlogging and salinization of agricultural lands. Of the estimated 300 million ha of irrigated land globally, about 34 million hectares are adversely affected by salinity, and an additional 60 –80 million hectares are affected to some extent by waterlogging and related salinity intrusion. In such areas, not only crop yields are reduced but the land productivity drastically declines and eventually the land may require to be abandoned from agriculture production. Waterlogged and saline lands can be reclaimed using network of surface and subsurface drainage systems by recovering excess water from surface and subsurface so as to maintain an adequate balance of air-water ratio in the root zone of a soil. Corrugated and perforated plastic pipes are most commonly used as subsurface drainage systems. Bio-drainage is also used in some countries for land reclamation. Drainage systems are required not only in irrigated areas but also in rainfed areas of humid and sub-humid countries. To address these issues, the Working Group on Drainage (WG-DRG) has been functional for over 30 years and has been engaged in promoting drainage technology and management measures for sustainable agricultural production through a balanced integration of environmental, economic, and socio-cultural aspects. The WG has brought out many publications and organized international drainage workshops (IDWs). One of the key activities of the WG is updating of the database on ‘Drained Area in the World’ (Annex 2.3). However, it was experienced that there is not only paucity of reliable data but also ambiguity on the terminologies used by different countries. The WG through its meetings, website and LinkedIn platform has been encouraging all to help in compilation of this important data base. The group is also keen in compiling experiences in bio-drainage and biosaline agriculture. In view of the continued importance and growing environmental challenges, the WG has proposed to extend its tenure beyond 2013. The 11th International Drainage Workshop (IDW11) was organized by Egyptian National Committee (ENCID) on the theme “Agricultural Drainage Needs and Future Priorities” in September 2012 in Cairo and was attended by 175 participants from 15 countries. Agricultural drainage was seen as a part of the integrated land and water resources management approach, where environmental aspects play an important role. The five main topics deliberated during the workshop were – planning and design of drainage systems, improvement of drainage ICID  Annual Report 2012-13

technology and techniques, drainage management, environmental aspects and climatic change, and research development and capacity building (see page 33 the key outcomes of the IDW 11). Due to increasing scarcity of freshwater, poor quality water comprising wastewater from domestic uses, saline drain water from agricultural areas, sea water, etc. from an important resource. In water scarce countries treatment and reuse of poor quality waters for irrigation is an important strategy for achieving water security. Globally, the amount of wastewater discharged to water bodies is approximately 2 million cubic meters a day and is rising with population growth. About 80% of this amount is discharged without treatment creating serious health and environmental risks. Use of fully or partially treated wastewater for irrigating certain crops provides an opportunity. Besides it has high nutrient contents that can lower the cost of fertilizer use and increase the crop yields. This however requires stringent management and monitoring practices so as to safe guard human health and environment. The Working Group on Use of Poor Quality Water for Irrigation (WG-PQW) since its establishment in 1995 has been promoting the safe use of poor quality water for irrigation, its multiple use, and address the institutional and legal aspects with regards to its use. WG Chairperson Dr. Samia El-Guindy (Egypt) and Dr. Ragab Ragab (UK) summarized the key outcome of the session on “Using non-conventional water of lower quality for agriculture and aquaculture” held at 6th World Water Forum, Marseille in 2012. There was an agreement that the FAO salinity guidelines for irrigation water quality should be updated to reflect more recent research. The tenure of the WG has been extended until 2016. ICID is working closely with other UN-Water members and partners on “Safe Use of Wastewater for Agriculture”. The WG will consider the request in its next meeting. As part of this program, ICID jointly with the UNW-DPC organized the 2nd Regional Workshop on ‘Safe Use of Wastewater in Agriculture’ for South and West Asian countries in May 2012 at New Delhi, India. The 5th Regional Workshop in the series was held in March 2013 at Bali, Indonesia. Secretary General Avinash Tyagi participated in the workshop as a resource person. Representatives from National Committees of Jordan (JORCID), Nepal, (NENCID), Bangladesh (BANCID), India (INCSW), China (CNCID), Malaysia (MANCID) and Indonesia (INACID) participated in these workshops. At these workshops, ICID has been requested to develop guidelines for use of partially treated wastewater for irrigation.

Caring the Environment There was a time when environment just meant surroundings. It was used to describe the physical world surrounding us including soil, rocks, water and air. Gradually it was realized that the enormous variety of plants, animals and micro-organisms on this earth, including human beings are an integral part of the environment. More recently, it is further recognized that all types of social, cultural and technological activities carried out by human beings also have a profound influence on various components of the environment. The Working Group on Environment (WG-ENV) was established in 2008 to provide guidance to policy makers, planners, designers, and managers in understanding and minimizing adverse environmental impacts on irrigation and drainage systems. The WG jointly with the WG-PQW organized an international workshop on “Irrigation, Water Quality, and Environmental Flow” at Adelaide in June 2012 in which 12 presentations were made. Life Cycle Approaches are receiving interest globally for their potential towards process, product labeling, environmental foot printing, assessment of diverse regional and global impacts like climate change, eutrophication, acidification, resource depletion, energy use, biodiversity loss, etc. Life cycle assessment, an ISO Standard tool, evaluates the environmental performance of products and services along their life cycle. It assesses the various environmental impacts by quantifying all inputs and outputs and then evaluates the

ICID  Annual Report 2012-13

“There is still enough water for all of us – but only so long as we keep it clean, use it more wisely, and share it fairly.” Ban Ki-moon, Secretary General, United Nations, 2008

Sheet 4

ICID WORKBODY CHAIRPERSONS

ICID  Annual Report 2012-13

ICID WORKBODY CHAIRPERSONS

contribution of these inputs and outputs to the impact categories e.g. climate change, eco-toxicity and ozone depletion. Presentations were made on LCA applied to paddy rice (Thailand and Japan), cotton (Pakistan) and sugarcane (South Africa) productions. Dr. Sylvain Perret (France), Chairman has proposed to develop a general guideline on ‘Environmental Assessment of Irrigation and Drainage Systems using Life Cycle Approaches (LCA): Principles and Case Studies’ as an outcome of the WG by 2014 ICID Congress.

Mitigating the Impacts of Climate Change Climate change is posing a threat to water and food security in the 21st century. Agriculture productivity relies on health of soils, adequate availability of good quality of water, and the delicate balance of gases such as carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere. Farming is thus most vulnerable to the effects of climate change. At the same time agriculture is a major cause of human induced climate change, contributing about one-third of global greenhouse gas emissions. Climate change is projected to cause major shifts in precipitation and its seasonal patterns, and to have a significant impact on physical water scarcity. Smallholder agriculture is especially vulnerable to the impacts. Water management for agricultural production is therefore very crucial component that needs to adapt in the face of both climate and socio-economic pressures in the coming decades. Drought and floods are becoming frequent events in some or other part of the world threatening the supply of water for agriculture. Working Group on Global Climate Change and Agricultural Water Management (WG-CLIMATE) was established in 2005 to stimulate discussion and raise awareness of water related global climate change issues, particularly in irrigation and drainage. While a lot of work is being done around the world on understanding and describing the impacts of climate change on various facets of water resources management, its implication for irrigation, drainage and flood management are not adequately presented. The WG is to initiate the preparation of a note on “Adapting Irrigation and Drainage to the Impacts of Climate Change”. The note will focus on the various options available to the irrigation and drainage sectors dealing with climate change with emphasis on practical and specific measures that can be undertaken. The note will attempt to include a roadmap to the topic, along with a number of examples of adaptation activities which have been carried out in member countries. The WG is maintaining a close liaison with other international organizations related to climate. Chairman Dr. Svendsen has been involved with the discussions of the ‘User Interface Platform’ of the ‘Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS)’ established by the WMO. The GFCS is a mechanism to develop and provide operational climate information to all stakeholders from various sectors to enable adaptations to climate variability and change (http://www.wmo.int/pages/ index_en.html). The WG has planned to organize an international workshop on ‘Management of Water, Crops and Soils under Climate Change’ during the First World Irrigation Forum (WIF1) at Mardin, Turkey. The Working Group on Water Management in Water Stressed Regions (WG-DROUGHT) is mandated to capture field experiences of the implementation of drought risk management strategies for coping with water scarcity. The group also looks at the approaches and strategies for incorporating economic justification for allocation of water for agricultural production, competing with all other uses. The Group is addressing these issues under three separate themes viz., drought management strategies, coping with water scarcity, and rainfall management for sustainable agriculture. At the Adelaide meeting, Prof. Chang-Chai Cheng (Chinese Taipei) presented a paper on ‘Drought management strategies in water stressed/ scarce regions’, and Mr. Clarke Ballard (Australia) presented his paper on ‘Rainfall harvesting and management for sustainable agriculture’. Chairman Mr. Dimick (USA) summarized a presentation prepared by Mr. Mohammad Sadegh Jafari (Iran) on “Coping with water scarcity”. The WG publication on ‘Irrigation under Drought and Water

ICID  Annual Report 2012-13

Scarcity’ is in its final stage of preparation. The WG will be organizing an International Workshop on ‘Developing Management Strategies for Coping with Drought and Water Scarcity’ during the First World Irrigation Forum (WIF1). The Working Group on Comprehensive Approaches to Flood Management (WG-CAFM) is mandated to study the social, political and economic aspects of flood management measures. The Group aims at making flood management ecologically sound and encourage people’s participation in flood disaster preparedness. In view of the new emerging issues like climate change, sea level rise, increasing number of flash floods, adaptation strategy of living in flood prone areas is also addressed with a view to set up holistic, integrated and adaptive flood management schemes. An International Workshop on ‘Adaptive Flood Management’ was successfully held in June 2012 at Adelaide, Australia, in which nine papers were presented from Australia, Iran, Japan, Korea, Thailand, The Netherlands, USA, South Africa and Turkey. The workshop papers would form the basis for the publication of the WG document titled “Adaptive Flood Management”. The document aims at facilitating the planners, managers and designers in setting up holistic, integrated and adaptive flood management schemes in view of uncertainties resulting from the climate and hydrological systems changes. The WG has already published a ‘Manual on structural and non-structural flood management approaches’ in the past. At the Adelaide meeting, Prof. Klaus Rottcher (Germany) was elected as the Vice Chairman of the WG. He presented a German case study titled “Decentralized measures as an important part of flood risk management”. The Working Group on Sustainable Development of Tidal Areas (WG-SDTA) attempts to raise awareness of the increasing risk to tidal areas due to global climate change, stimulate discussion on impacts and mitigation measures, and find a balance between the preservation and development of tidal areas. The Group advocates for enhancement of survey, improvement in design techniques, collect information about the tidal area environment around the world; join the international dialogue and organize international conferences. The WG intends to fulfill the mandate by organizing workshops and short courses over a period of time on topics such as – sustainable management options for lowlands, climate change and increasing risks on tidal areas, survey of past design and management systems, operational standards and rehabilitation methods, review the progression of natural wetlands conservation and constructed wetland development in tidal areas, and promoting land and water management in tidal areas. The WG is planning to organize a workshop on “Environmental Impacts and Sustainable Management of Tidal Areas” in October 2013 at Mardin. The WG will bring out a Special Issue of ICID Journal on “Sustainable Water and Land Management in Tidal Areas” in 2013. The Special Issue will contain 12 peer reviewed papers from Chinese Taipei, Korea, Japan, Indonesia, and The Netherlands and edited by the Guest Editors. The special issue will be sponsored jointly by Korean National Committee (KCID), Japanese National Committee (JNCICID), and Chinese Taipei Committee (CTCID).

Improving Water Use Efficiency Irrigation is the biggest user of freshwater and its share is as high as 90% in some developing countries. Improving water use efficiency in irrigation is considered as one of the demand management measures in coping water scarcity. There are technological, management and institutional opportunities to improve irrigation water use efficiency both at the stage of delivery from the source to farm gate and at the farm level. Greater water use efficiency would imply using less water to achieve the same or

ICID  Annual Report 2012-13

“A lot will have to be achieved in future to create and maintain living conditions, to produce food at a sustainable basis and to create acceptable living conditions in flood prone areas.” Prof. Bart Schultz, Pres. Hon. ICID, 2012

more goods and services, as more crop per drop is one of the tenets of ICID. Irrigation water from its source is conveyed up to a farm and subsequently applied to crops through various irrigation methods like surface (basins, furrows, and border strips), sprinkler, and micro irrigation. Improperly planned, designed and laid / installed farm irrigation system leads to undue water losses such as deep percolation, runoff, evaporation, non-uniform water application, and wind drift affecting the performance of the system. Today, a vast range of on-farm technologies such as sprinkler and micro irrigation are available to fit all types of soil, crops, climates and farm sizes which can achieve as high as 95% application efficiency leading to significant water saving. The Working Group on On-Farm Irrigation Systems (WG-ON-FARM) was established in 1998 with a mandate to promote on-farm irrigation as a part of integrated water resources management, and sustainable efficient approaches for irrigation. The group has brought out guidelines/ manuals on planning, design and evaluation of micro and sprinkler irrigation systems. The group has been compiling the area covered under sprinkler and micro irrigation in member countries. As per the last updated data, there are about 43.3 million ha irrigated by various types of sprinkler systems, while 10.8 million ha are covered by micro irrigation, worldwide. The data shows significant increase in sprinkler irrigated area over the last year. The group discussed about the compilation of worldwide data on irrigation efficiencies and emphasized that it would be interesting to compare the irrigation efficiency levels achieved among countries, and that there was a need to standardize the efficiency measuring methodology, internationally. Today, irrigation is challenged by aging infrastructures, increasing water scarcity, and the need for more flexible water management strategies. Promoting development and management of irrigation system through rehabilitation and modernization of irrigation and drainage systems has been one of the major agendas of ICID. The Commission has been deliberating on this important topic since over three decades through various working groups with specific mandate from time to time. It works with the concept that “Irrigation modernization is a process of technical and managerial upgrading and water delivery services to farmers” which calls for systematic strategies to address institutional, physical and technical issues coherently through participatory approaches. Recent developments in the thinking on modernization and the transition towards service-oriented management have been the recognition of the Multiple Uses and Services (MUS) nature of the vast majority of medium and large irrigation and drainage schemes. In view of these developments, ICID in 2007 established the Working Group on Modernization of Irrigation Services (WG-MIS) to provide a focus for sustainable improvement of irrigation service delivery through progressive modernization of infrastructure, management and institution. The group members presented many case studies of MASSCOTE (developed by FAO) and recommended that it was a useful decision-support tool for scheme managers to take appropriate decision in implementing modernization program/ investments. A session on ‘Modernization of irrigation services and systems’ was held during the ‘Irrigation Australia Conference’ held in June at Adelaide. The group has announced its closure with a recommendation to continue its activities by forming a fresh group as its successor. Numerous water systems in the world, initially planned and designed for providing service to a single water use, are actually multiple-use systems. MUS (Multiple-Use water Services) approach based on a participatory, livelihood-oriented approach to water services, takes people’s multiple water needs as starting point of planning as well as organization. MUS aim at generating more livelihood benefits, strengthening ownership and preventing damage and losses from unplanned uses. MUS is one important mechanism of the Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) approach. MUS can provide the more vulnerable groups of the population with a large range of services: such as irrigation, hydropower, domestic water, homestead garden, habitat for fish, inland

ICID  Annual Report 2012-13

waterway navigation - regulating, flood protection, environmental flows - cultural such as the social capital and supporting such as habitat improvements. These services come at low cost due to the sharing of the same infrastructure. Studies have shown that while multiple-use services may initially cost more than single-use ones, they do offer significant advantages such as - generating more income and benefits (health, nutrition, food security) and more effectively reducing poverty for a wider range of poor people than most single use services, decreasing vulnerability by allowing more diversified livelihood strategies, generating more value so a higher ability to recover construction, operation and maintenance costs, and thus increasing sustainability of services. Investment in MUS is found to be beneficial in both developing and developed countries, at various scales. At 6th World Water Forum in Marseille, MUS was identified as a solution, the outcomes of which should help at identifying appropriate guidelines for managing multiple resources and multiple use services. ICID has committed to contribute to setting up these guidelines. ICID is also a contributing organization to the UN-Water Task Force on ‘Multiple Uses of Water Services: Operationalizing IWRM for More MDGs per Drop. Realizing that the technology and management would play an important role in the improving water use efficiency and in raising water productivity, the Working Group on Water Saving for Agriculture (WG-WATS) aims to recognize and promote proven water saving/ conservation innovations/ practices across the world. The WG coordinates annual “Water Saving (WatSave) Awards” for outstanding contributions to water savings in agriculture, worldwide. The WG organized a workshop on “Water Saving approaches and achievement in irrigated agriculture” in June 2012 at Adelaide, Australia. The group has planned a workshop on “Water Saving in Irrigated Areas; Success Stories and Lessons Learned” during its annual meeting in October 2013 at Mardin, Turkey. The popular publication of the WG namely, ‘Water Saving in Agriculture’ has been translated in many languages. Prof. Hu Heping and Dr. Xiechong Bao (CNCID) have volunteered to translate the book into Chinese. The WG is chaired by Dr. M.H. Amer (Egypt) and Mr. Mehrzad Ehsani (Iran) was elected as new Vice-Chairman. Stagnation in the application of improved irrigation and drainage technology in much of the developing world led ICID, with its long history and extensive experience with irrigation and drainage issues worldwide, to take the leadership in developing a global organization to forward irrigation and drainage research and development. As a result an ‘International Program for Technology Research in Irrigation and Drainage (IPTRID)’ was created in 1990. The programme was active until 2008 with the World Bank and the FAO support. Subsequently, ICID in 2010 took up a renewed research programme through a virtual network of irrigation professionals and institutions that addresses the research and technology transfer needs of ICID National Committees in regional and thematic contexts where commonalities of irrigation and drainage issues occur. The program is being implemented through regional nodes. So far two regional nodes as hosted by CNCID (China) and IRNCID (Iran) are functional. The Working Group on Technology Research Uptake and Exchange (WG-TRUE) was established in 2007 with a mandate of supporting research and development of technology and innovation process for improved irrigation and drainage. The WG is chaired by Prof. Dr. Linden Vincent (The Netherlands). At its Adelaide meeting, Secretary General Avinash Tyagi briefed the draft proposal ‘Research and Technology Transfer in Irrigation and Drainage Programme’ (RTTP) as regards its objectives, the distribution of responsibilities between a Board of Governors/ Secretariat/ Regional Nodes and National Committees. The WG provided its detailed comments/ suggestions on the RTTP. The WG proposed to form a Sub-Committee to revise and firm up the further procedures, tasks to be handled and the way forward for consideration of the IEC. The Chair declared the closure of the WG at the meeting.

ICID  Annual Report 2012-13

Crop-Food-Water and Energy Nexus Given the declining water availability, impact of climate change on crop yields, and increasing trend for biofuel production, issues related with water for food and fuel crops needs to be thoroughly studied. The Working Group on Water and Crops (WG-CROP) promotes the efficient use of water in crop production, investigate the use of energy crops for biofuel production, study best techniques for rainfall harvesting, promote the multi-functionality of water use in paddy rice cultivation, investigate the adaptation of agriculture to climate, and to promote low input agriculture. The WG is preparing a document based on the work carried out so far which includes - efficient use of water in crop production, crop water models, multifunctional water use in paddy, rainfall harvesting and energy crops. At the WG’s 5th meeting held in June 2012 at Adelaide, presentations were made by Chairman Dr. Ragab Ragab (UK) on ‘Water Footprint’, Dr. Yacob Beletse (South Africa) on “South African Agricultural Model Inter Comparison and Improvement Project’, and Dr. K. Yella Reddy (India) on ‘Mapping and Auditing of Multiple Uses of Water Services in Krishna Western Delta using MASSMUS Methodology’. Dr. Ragab informed the members that the ‘SALTMED Model 2012’ has been uploaded on the website of the WG for free download. The All Party Parliament Group of United Kingdom (UK) invited Dr. Ragab to make a presentation on ‘Water and Food Security’. In order to accomplish the mandate of the WG, its tenure has been extended to 2016. The WG also proposes to organize an international workshop on ‘Management of Water, Crops and Soils under Climate Change’ in October 2013 during the First World Irrigation Form (WIF1) in Turkey. Further, the WG plans to include the concepts ‘Food Security’ and ‘Virtual Water’ as additional items in the WG mandate. The complex linkages among the water food and energy are far from fully understood. Biofuel production can have both negative and positive impacts (energy security, growth, etc.) on water resources. On the negative side, particularly in water scarce areas, water used for biofuel crops may divert water from other usages and thereby, create social pressure and indirectly impact food security, biodiversity and related ecosystem services. The Task Force on Water for Bio-energy and Food (TF-BIO-ENERGY) is evolving a position paper on “Water for Bio-Energy and Food” taking into consideration the possible conflict between food production and bio-fuel crops, use of irrigation water to produce bio-fuel crops and non-food crops, and the use of marginal water/soils, recycled water for the production of bio-fuels. The TF also looks into the technical requirements to ensure viable production of bio-fuel crops without governmental financial support, and use of agricultural waste for the production of bio-fuel crops. The position paper will also incorporate the outcome of the International workshop on “Country Policies and Developments of Water for Bio-energy and Food” held at Adelaide, Australia in June 2012.

Lessons from Past and Grooming Future Generation Water Professionals “A nation that fails to plan intelligently for the development and protection of its precious waters will be condemned to wither because of its short sightedness. The hard lessons of history are clear, written on the deserted sands and ruins of once proud civilizations.” US President Lyndon B. Johnson (1968)

To assess whether a new irrigation and drainage system, or any other new engineering installation, will be sustainable, we need to predict the future. We cannot really know how the operating conditions will change over time. The causes of failure may be external or internal. We may gain indications about the chances of future sustainability, by studying the causes of the known failures in the past. Our response to the present-day problems could be improved by better understanding of the past. The objective behind establishing the Working Group on History of Irrigation, Drainage, and Flood Control (WG-HIST) was to provide guidance to National Committees to compile, publish, update and/ or translate documents on history of irrigation and drainage, and flood management incorporating relevant agricultural, political, socio-economic, climatic, geographical aspects. Proper understanding of historical developments and water wisdom is useful in planning of the present and future water resources, irrigation and drainage schemes. A report on “Irrigation Tunneling in Ancient Indonesia” by Dr. Hafied Gany (Indonesia) and his

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colleagues from INACID was released during the Adelaide meetings. The digital version of the report is available at the WG website (http:// issuu.com/hafiedgany/docs/tunneling). An International Seminar on ‘Historical Water Sustainability: Lessons to Learn’ was organized by the WG on 24 June 2012 at Adelaide. The papers presented at the workshop will be used in proposed document ‘Historical Water Sustainability: Lessons to Learn’. The International Conference on “Traditional Knowledge for Water Resources Management (TKWRM)” was held in February 2012 in Yazd, Iran. The WG will organize an international workshop on ‘Water Wisdom and Sustainability’ in October 2013 at Mardin, during the First World Irrigation Forum (WIF1). Besides understanding and learning lessons from the past, it is necessary to groom future water professionals to understand and address the complex issues of water resources development and management of the 21st century. ICID, since the last two decades has been encouraging young irrigation and drainage professionals by establishing a Working Group on Young Professionals Forum (WG-YPF). This international platform provides an opportunity to young engineers and scientists from world over to share and exchange their views on the topics of irrigation, drainage, flood management, climate change, etc. With this commitment, ICID has sponsored three young professionals Mr. Esmaeel Bayat and Mr. Nima Najafi from Iran and Mr. Krishna Prasad Rijal from Nepal to participate in the UNESCO-IHE e-Learning Program on ‘Service Oriented Management of Irrigation Systems (SOMIS)’ from March to July 2013. ICID has also conceptualized a ‘Mentorship of Young Irrigation Engineering Professionals’ program to attract more and more talented young professionals to irrigation related fields. The main aim of the programme is a healthy interaction between an interested ‘mentor’ and an eager ‘mentee’. The WG-YPF held its 18th meeting in June at Adelaide. The WG has proposed to fully waving off the registration fees to select young professionals by the organizers of the future ICID events enabling them to participate. Chairman Mr. Yaser Barghi (Iran) has developed a page for YPF on FACEBOOK at www.facebook.com/icid.ypf to keep members abreast of latest news and post messages thereby facilitating easy and frequent communications among all those interested.

“And let’s just be clear what I mean by ‘food security.’ It has to be a form of agriculture that does not exceed the carrying capacity of its local ecosystem and the communities it supports. It can only be done by enhancing, rather than diminishing, the natural capital upon which we depend for our long term well-being.” HRH The Prince of Wales

ICID  Annual Report 2012-13

KEY ICID EVENTS

wo major ICID events were held in 2012 viz., The 7th Asian Regional/ Irrigation Australia Conference along with the annual Workbody meetings and 63rd International Executive Council (IEC) meeting in June at Adelaide, Australia; and the 11th ICID International Drainage Workshop (IDW) in Cairo, Egypt in September. These events provided a platform for exchange of knowledge and networking among participants and also setting up of the agenda, policy issues and direction to ICID activities. The following is a brief report of these two events.

A. Regional Cooperation for Water and Food Security  7th Asian Regional Conference, Australia The 7th Asian Regional/ Irrigation Australia Conference, annual Workbody meetings, and 63rd International Executive Council (IEC) meeting of ICID were held during 24-29 June 2012 at the Grand Adelaide Convention Centre. More than 500 delegates from 56 countries were gathered in Adelaide – the wine capital of Southern Australia. Parallel with the conference, an impressive trade show displaying more than 100 irrigation related companies, equipment suppliers, distributors showcasing their products and services were organized. Technical tours were organized during and the post conference. The event was hosted by Irrigation Australia Ltd (IAL), incorporating IACID (Irrigation Australia’s Committee on Irrigation & Drainage). In the Conference, over 200 speakers discussed pertinent issues related to irrigation including, integrated water management, modernization, drainage, environment, agriculture, horticulture, economics, and flood management. During the event, about 32 ICID Workbody meetings, along with the four International Workshops/ Seminars - (1) Adaptive Flood Management, (2) Country Policies and Developments of Water for Bio-Energy and Food, (3) Irrigation, Water Quality and Environmental Flows, and (4) Historical Water Sustainability: Lessons to Learn, were organized. KEY SPEAKERS AT THE OPENING PLENARY

H.E. Mr. Tony Burke

Mr. Jay Weatherill

Dr. Gao Zhanyi

Mr. Peter Toome

Mr. Thierry Facon

Mr. Ian Atkinson

ICID  Annual Report 2012-13

Mr. Tony Burke, Minister for Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities emphasized the importance of food production, food security, and adoption of more efficient irrigation practices. In Australia, a lot of focus on irrigation has gone into the reforms in the Murray-Darling Basin with an objective of preserving the health of the river and the whole system. The Australian Government is also focusing on the improvement and expansion of the irrigation area, in opening new dams, improving existing dams, and practicing sustainable use of water. President Dr. Gao Zhanyi said that undernourishment and rising food prices are the major challenges for the today’s world. The world has about 925 million undernourished population, most of them are in Asia (62%) and Africa (26%). The international food market prices have increased sharply simultaneously with the global financial crisis. World population is likely to increase from 7 billion in 2010 to 9 billion in 2050 and so also the rate of urbanization. Due to increasing living standards of urban population and changing diets, the food demand has been increasing. So making water available for increased food production is becoming crucial. Paradoxically, both physical water and economic water scarcity exist where most of the undernourished population lives. Dr .Gao Zhanyi underscored the importance of a strong ICID, which is based on the strength of its national committees and active involvement of all irrigation and drainage professionals, especially young professionals. Mr. Jay Weatherill, Premier of South Australia spoke on the challenges of management of water resources in Murray-Darling basin. He highlighted the complexity of development and the increasing realization of the existence of planetary boundaries, a struggle between over-allocation of resources and the crying need of the environment.The South Australia being situated at the downstream of the basin, the state of health of the river touches almost every aspect of life in the State. Over extraction of water of the Murray-Darling Basin by upstream States is affecting the culture, business, economy and environment of South Australia. For many people, the river has a special place for families who are engaged for the whole day fishing and recreation at the river. The river is also a source of water supply for many towns. Thus environmental, social, cultural and productive aspects of the river are truly inseparable. The South Australia extracts just 7% of the river water, while the upstream States have taken 93%. The upstream states have increased their uptake by about 3.5 billion cubic meters (BCM) of water a year. The Murray-Darling Basin Authority (MDBA) has proposed limiting surface water use in the basin to 10.9 BCM per year and allocating 2.75 BCM of water for environmental flows, which would require a reduction of 2.8 BCM compared with 2009 levels of water use. South Australia Irrigators have invested their own money in modernization of irrigation infrastructure – replacing the channels by pipes and to pressurized irrigation systems to improve the efficiency of irrigation. “People must not corrupt or pollute the river and must not place it in a way that prevents downstream use. Water should be used reasonably having regard to all of its legitimate uses including the environment. A viable future for the Murray-Darling Basin relies on all Australians standing together”, said the Premier.

ICID  Annual Report 2012-13

Key Decisions at the 63rd IEC Meeting ICID at its 63rd IEC meeting has taken certain ground-breaking decisions to engage various stakeholders in irrigation, drainage, water and land management towards achieving food and water security. These efforts will go a long way in supporting green economy and the decisions taken by the world leaders at the Rio+20 meeting to achieve the “Future we want”. The key decisions/ initiatives are:

 Organizing World Irrigation Forum (WIF) on triennial basis, commencing from 2013. The objectives of the WIF are to (1) Support multi- disciplinary discussions towards the solution to water management in agriculture in the 21st century; (2) Exchange latest irrigation and drainage policies, innovations and technologies; (3) Develop liaison/ collaboration among various national / international institutions/ organizations/ private sector working for irrigated agriculture; (4) Explore and formulate concrete inter-disciplinary proposals; and (5) Advocate political commitments. The WIF1 will be hosted by the Turkish National Committee (TUCID).

 ICID World Irrigation and Drainage (WID) Prize to be awarded during every World Irrigation Forum (WIF) commencing from 2013. The objective of the WID Prize is to recognize the outstanding contributions made by an individual or an institution in the field of irrigation and drainage that have far reaching and wide impacts leading to sustainable irrigation, enhanced agriculture production and food security around the world. The Prize comprises a cash award of US $ 10,000 and a `Citation Plaque’. The WID prize for the WIF1 is sponsored by the Chinese National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage (CNCID).

 Heritage Irrigation Structure (HIS): ICID will recognize the historical irrigation structures on the lines of World Heritage Sites by UNESCO. The main objectives of this initiative are to – (i) select and collect information on historical irrigation structures from around the world, understand their significant achievements and gather knowledge about the unique features that have sustained the project for such a long period, (ii) learn the philosophy and wisdom on sustainable irrigation from these structures, and (iii) protect/ preserve these historical irrigation structures. The initiative is expected to benefit the irrigation and drainage fraternity as well as the society in general by providing – (a) An understanding of the factors that make the heritage structures sustainable and learn lessons therefrom, (b) Opportunity to educate water professionals, students and people at large through study tour to these projects, and (c) Drawing attention of the concerned governments to provide sufficient resources to maintain the Heritage Irrigation Structures. It is proposed that a historical irrigation and/or drainage structure fulfilling the criterion laid down shall be recognized as “Heritage Irrigation Structure” (HIS). The structure with relevant details shall be included in an “ICID World List of Heritage Irrigation Structures” and a “Heritage Irrigation Structure Plaque” shall be awarded to the authorities responsible for the maintenance of the structure for displaying prominently on the body of the structure.

 Direct Membership: ICID is the only professional international organization involved exclusively in irrigation, drainage and ﬂood management. So far, National Committees were entitled for the membership of ICID and professionals nominated by the National Committees were accepted as members. With a view to broad base the ICID membership by inviting individuals, companies and institutions from the countries which are not the members of ICID or of those countries whose National Committees’ constitution does not have provision for their participation. ICID, therefore has opened its doors to ‘Direct Membership’ and invites private companies, institutions and individuals involved in activities related to irrigation, drainage, and flood management.

ICID  Annual Report 2012-13

By joining ICID, individuals, companies and institutions offers opportunities to exchange knowledge and experience; keep fully informed of the latest developments in the field; establish partnerships; contribute to improved understanding among stakeholders, enabling new ideas on water policy; and benefit from worldwide exposure by using the Commission’s communication tools (See Box 1).

 Mentorship of Young Irrigation Professionals: To attract talented young professionals to irrigation-related fields, ICID has initiated a mentorship program to be introduced in 2014. The mentorship programme aims at a healthy interaction between an interested mentor and an eager mentee. The objective of the programme is to induct young engineering professionals into the irrigation, drainage and flood management sector and transform him/ her as a valuable contributor through informal transmission of knowledge, social capital, and the psychosocial support. The programme will facilitate a mentoring relationship between a young professional (the mentee) who is new to the profession and a person (the mentor) who is involved in the irrigation and drainage sector for a long time and has in-depth knowledge. A person who volunteers to be a mentor must be an experienced, senior professional and a member of a National Committee of ICID. The proposal will be presented and firmed up at the 64th IEC meeting at Mardin.

 Decisions relating to ICID Membership, New Office Bearers, and Workbodies Country Membership: In 2012, Chad joined ICID, while Morocco, Sri Lanka, Zambia and Zimbabwe reactivated their National Committees. New Vice Presidents: Vice Presidents Dr. Willem F. Vlotman (Australia), Dr. László G. HAYDE (Hungary), Mr. A.K. Bajaj (India) completed their three year tenure (2009-2012) at Adelaide meeting. Three new Vice Presidents - Mr. Laurie C. Tollefson (Canada), Dr. Hüseyin GŰNDOĞDU (Turkey), and Mr. François Brelle (France) were elected for the next three year tenure (2012-2015). Workbody Chairs/ Vice Chairs: Vice Pres. Hon. Dr. Saeed Nairizi (Iran) will continue to serve as the Chairman of Permanent Finance Committee (PFC) for two more years (until 2014). The WG-CAFM nominated Prof. Dr.-Ing Klaus Röttcher (Germany) and WG-WATS nominated Mr. M. Ehsani (Iran) to serve as their new Vice Chairmen. Task Force for 7th World Water Forum: ICID has been actively participating in the World Water Fora. The 7th World Water Forum (WWF-7) will be held in South Korea in 2015. In order to provide its contribution to the Forum, the Executive Council established a Task Force to Guide ICID Inputs to WWF-7 and nominated Vice Pres. Hon. Dr. Shinsuke Ota (Japan) as its Chairman. Extension of Workbody Tenure: ICID Working Groups and Task Forces are established with a specific mandate and for a period of 3 to 6 years. However, some workbodies request for extension of tenure in order to complete their task. Accordingly, the IEC approved the extension of the tenure of TF-FIN from 2012 to 2013 of WG-CROP and WG-PQW up to 2016. The WG-TRUE and WG–MIS were closed upon completion of their activities; while WG-MDGs and TF-SEDIMENTATION were asked to wind-up due to lack of significant input.

B. Agricultural Drainage Needs and Future Priorities 11th ICID Irrigation Drainage Workshop Report The 11th International Drainage Workshop (11th IDW) was organized and hosted by the Egyptian National Committee (ENCID) in collaboration with the National Water Research Center (NWRC) and the Egyptian Public Authority on Drainage Projects (EPADP) during 22-24 September 2012 in Cairo, Egypt. The workshop was opened by the Minister of Water Resources and Irrigation Eng.

ICID  Annual Report 2012-13

Mohamed Bahaa El Dine Saad. ICID dignitaries attending the workshop included Vice Presidents Honoraire Mahmoud Abu Zeid, Dr. Hussein El Atfy, Dr. Safwat Abdel Dayem, Dr. Ragab Ragab, Dr. Shaden Abdel Gawad, and Secretary General Avinash Tyagi. The Workshop brought together more than175 participants from 15 countries representing governments, UN agencies, intergovernmental organizations, academia, business and industry, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), indigenous groups, youth and the media to discuss current needs for agricultural drainage and future priorities.

Of the worlds irrigated area of 300 million ha, about 11% are affected by waterlogging while about 25% area is affected both by waterlogging and salinity. ICID has long been concerned with these issues and has been addressing them through various working groups such as drainage of farmlands, the use of poor quality water including saline and wastewater in irrigation, and management of lowlands and tidal areas. Pres. Hon. Prof. Dr. Chandra Madramootoo delivered a keynote speech on ‘Evolution of Drainage in a Changing Environmental Context’. Using the conventional definition of land drainage as an art and science, he compared it with the ‘Drainage Management’ as a new concept that was extended from the concept of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM). Prof. Madramoottoo expressed his concern about the substantial deterioration of water quality in many water bodies around the world, especially in the developing countries and stressed the importance of environmental dimension in irrigation and drainage projects. He briefed his experience in the NAWQAM Project in Egypt and ascribed it as one of the most important research project that concerned with the agricultural drainage water reuse. Prof. Madramootoo recommended the implementation of a suite of technical, institutional and social reforms to achieve effective integrated river basin management. He also called for intensive efforts to come up with agreements between institutions, agencies and countries to improve irrigation systems including conveyance and water application systems in order to achieve higher water use efficiency. He called for activating the Water User Associations (WUAs) and Water User Groups (WUGs) as a part of a complete social reform.

Major Outcomes The experts at the workshop deliberated on five sub-themes namely, (I) Planning and design of drainage systems, (ii) Improvement of drainage technology and techniques, (iii) Drainage management, (iv) Environmental aspects and climatic change, and (v) Research development and capacity building. The Agricultural drainage was seen as a part of the integrated land and water resources management approach.

ICID  Annual Report 2012-13

The major outcomes of the workshop deliberation are summarized as follows: 

In view of the hydrological impact of global warming on the drainage and land reclamation, there is a need to systematically review planning principles, design criteria, operating rules, contingency plans and water management policies. There is also a major concern of climate change impacts (extreme conditions of drought and flood) on drainage system management.

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For sustainability of drainage works, there is a need to reduce the overall cost of construction and operation. Review the design criteria for subsurface drainage system to accommodate the changes in physical and environmental conditions.

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Intensifying the agricultural drainage network has the potential to increase nitrate loads and the volume of drainage water. Intensive drainage system not only leads to the surface water pollution but also the loss of water and fertilizer. Valuing such impacts of the drainage system and evaluating the proposed drainage system on economic basis can be an appropriate approach for investment in the drainage.

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In order to bridge a gap between freshwater supply and demand, reuse of drainage water has become a practice in arid and semiarid countries. However, due to deterioration of the drainage water quality, water table and water quality monitoring studies are required to know the quality of the reused water and take necessary mitigation measures.

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The water quality models are powerful tools to help manage the drainage water reuse strategies. Matching management between drinking water developments and drainage water reuse practices is required to achieve environmentally sound water management. Innovative techniques are needed to monitor the water quality to minimize the resources required including time, money and human resources. Remote sensing could be one of the proposed techniques.

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In-stream wetland treatment (ISW) is a promising low cost wastewater treatment alternative that can protect water courses and lakes from pollution. Application of ISW in drains through re-engineering water depth, bed width and dense aquatic planting to treat sewage wastewater sources can prevent its pollution.

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Salt accumulation is an issue for some of the drainage disposal techniques. During planning phase, short-term and long-term impacts analysis of the potential alternatives of the disposal techniques should be conducted.

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There is need to promote use of salt tolerant profitable crops downstream of the irrigation scheme as part of the basin catchment planning and management.

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The use of the Sub Surface Drainage GIS (SSD-GIS) application can accelerate and enhance the quality and extent of the covered drainage design. Several integrated spatial design processes can be executed considering the management level and the user privileges.

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It was found that the uncontrollable accumulation of eroded calcareous fine sediments in drainage system passing from synthetic filter indicating a dysfunction for using a conventional synthetic envelops criteria in filtering the calcareous sand. It was recommended that location specific design must be considered for drainage pipes and their filter in calcareous sandy soil in order to face the instability of calcareous sand particles in water to improve retention efficiency for base soil and reduce the maintenance cost.

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The traditional design of lined evaporation ponds without paying attention to the impact of salinity increase on evaporation rates reduction could cause water overtopping, especially for long duration.

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Reduction of drainage coefficient was found to be an economically and environmentally sound management practice. Further research is required to update the surface/subsurface drainage design criteria, especially for newly reclaimed areas and under extreme conditions.

ICID  Annual Report 2012-13

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Dry drainage was seen as a potential approach to control soil salinity. In the dry drainage, a part of the land is kept fallow (seasonally or permanently) which acts as a sink for excess irrigation water and the salts transported with the groundwater.

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Mole drain was recommended as an effective tool for managing groundwater and soil salinity in heavy clay soils. However, more studies are needed to validate the recommendation.

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Improving on-farm irrigation methods to avoid over-irrigation was considered as one of the important means of improving the management of land drainage.

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Although there are many recommendations and previous findings about the importance of integration between irrigation and drainage networks, there is still a large area of the multiple use benefits of the application of controlled drainage.

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To control saltwater intrusion accelerated by the sea level rise, a number of measures like increasing the recharge of the aquifers, reducing of abstraction from the aquifers, moving of the wells further inland, and using of subsurface barriers to prevent the inflow of seawater into the aquifers were recommended.

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In order to reduce coastal erosion and sea water intrusion, appropriate methods that consider monetary aspects, ecological impact and fresh water availability in the coastal areas may be encouraged. Several methods such as construction of offshore breakwaters, floodwalls, seawalls, dikes and dams can be deployed to face the expected increase in the sea level.

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There is a need to devise an integrated management plan along with a disaster risk management strategies for coastal areas and it must be supported through appropriate legislation.

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Data on irrigated area and drained area in the world is available on the ICID website. However, there is a need to update the information from time to time. All National Committees and interested professionals were encouraged to provide updates on the waterlogged area, salt affected area, and drained areas in their country. All interested were also welcomed to share and exchange experiences and ideas at Agricultural Drainage Group on Linkedin.

ICID  Annual Report 2012-13

BOX 1

ICID OPENS ITS DOORS TO PRIVATE SECTOR AND INDIVIDUAL MEMBERSHIP

Increasing water scarcity due to competition across users of all sectors is triggering a global food crisis. ICID focus is not just limited to the engineering aspects of irrigation and drainage. Its technical workbodies deal with all aspects of irrigation, drainage and flood management including agronomic, social, financial and environmental. The private sector ranging from large multinational corporations to smallscale enterprise has an important stake in water security. Both as a user and provider of water services, the private sector is a major source of innovations and good practices that enhance the efficiency of water use. ICID believes that besides the National Committees, the private sector can provide complementary knowledge, experience, insights and convening power to address issues of water resource management. To address the challenge of water scarcity needs to engage a broad base of stakeholders across ministries, across sectors to share international good practices. Recognizing that the benefit of science and technology can only be realized through innovation and moving with the changing technologies, ICID brings all stakeholders in its core activities under one umbrella. Thus, the decision of granting membership in ICID through Direct Membership to companies, institutions, individuals associated with irrigation, drainage and flood management for sustainable agriculture and rural development. The proposal was approved at its 63rd Council meeting held at Adelaide in June 2012. With this arrangement, individuals, businesses and organizations from countries that do not have a National Committee can now join directly and receive the benefits of ICID membership. This new opportunity has great potential to enhance the working of ICID and hopefully will result in greater global exchanges of experiences and multi-/inter-disciplinary innovations.

Why join as a Direct Member? By Joining ICID, individuals, companies and institutions would:      

be part of an international platform which offers opportunities to exchange knowledge and experience with others and to establish partnerships. make their voice heard and contribute to improved understanding between stakeholders, while enabling new ideas on water policy. benefit from worldwide exposure of their organization’s activities by using the Commission’s name, logo and communication tools and by participating in the Commission’s activities. stay informed on recent irrigation, drainage and flood management news and events through Commission’s publications. influence policy makers to develop sound irrigation-related policies and give it higher priority in the political agenda. avail the opportunity to engage in professional networking and information exchange activities through participation in National Committees and Regional Working Groups, and in international programmes and processes as representatives of ICID.

Other benefits from ICID membership include:     

Receiving electronic copy of the ICID Journal on Irrigation and Drainage, Annual Report, ICID News, and News Update free of cost, In addition, receiving copies of the ICID Journal on Irrigation and Drainage at concessional price based on the type of company or institution, Special discount on all ICID publications, Special advertisement rates in ICID publications and on website, etc., and Special exhibition rates and registration fees during ICID events.

For details of categories of Direct Membership and procedure for application and subscription amount, etc., please access <http://www.icid.org/dir_mem.html>or contact: Central Office ICID, New Delhi at icid@icid.org

ICID  Annual Report 2012-13

ACTIVITIES AT REGIONAL LEVEL

CID through its National Committees has presence in all the regions across the world. Recognizing that the typology and technology of irrigation and drainage schemes varies from region to region and country to country depending on their social, cultural, economic, and political settings, ICID has established Regional Working Groups in Africa, Asia, Americas, and Europe to address their specific issues. The Commission also collaborates with other water/ irrigation related regional associations in the region by organizing technical meetings and participating in each other’s events. Regional issues are addressed by special working groups covering Africa, Asia, Americas, and Europe. Task Forces to address specific issues are also established from time to time. A Young Professionals’ Forum operates and associates with various activities of all the workbodies. Official statements and declarations have been issued setting out action plans to promote sustainable use of land and water resources.

 African Regional Working Group (AFRWG) Africa with 15% of the global population has only 9% of the world’s renewable water resources and that too are unevenly distributed. Africa is one of the most vulnerable continents to climate change and its variability. The region encompasses 54 countries, of which 34 are categorized as Least Developed Countries (LDCs). The region often faces contradictory challenges of surplus and scarcity of land and water resources. There are also vast differences as regards socio-economic developments among sub-regions - under-development and over-exploitation. Agriculture remains the backbone of many African economies representing 15% of GDP and over half of all rural employment. With rapidly increasing population, urbanization, frequent and severe droughts and floods, and vulnerability to global food price fluctuations, it is crucial to decrease the variability in agricultural production through irrigation and better water management. Presently, only 6% (13.9 million ha) of its total cultivable land (225 million ha) is equipped for irrigation against a potential of 42.5 million ha. There is also a need to enhance capacity to address challenges for meeting growing water demand for agriculture. To address some such issues related to agricultural water management, ICID established the African Regional Working Group (AFRWG) in 2000 with an objective of promoting communication and networking among the African countries as well as regional and international institutions for enhancing cooperation and coordination. ICID has a special Africa Focus Program and the AFRWG works closely with regional association like Southern African Regional Irrigation Association (SARIA) and Regional Association for Irrigation and Drainage in West Africa (RAID-ARID). The SARIA organized a capacity building workshop on ‘Agricultural water use for homestead food gardens’ in February 2013 at Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe. The workshop was followed by the 11th SARIA Steering Committee meeting. A total of 24 delegates drawn from 10 Southern African Development Community (SADC) countries, viz. Botswana, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe participated in the workshop. Chad, Morocco, Zambia and Zimbabwe have invigorated their membership and become member of ICID. The 11th International Drainage Workshop was jointly organized and hosted by the Egyptian National Committee (ENCID), National Water Research Center (NWRC), and Egyptian Public Authority on Drainage Projects (EPADP) in September 2012 at Cairo. The theme of the workshop was “Agricultural Drainage Needs and Future Priorities”. The outcomes of the workshop are described elsewhere in the report. ICID  Annual Report 2012-13

 Asian Regional Working Group (ASRWG) Asia is the most populous continent having over 60% of the world’s population. As per UN estimates more than half of the future population increase will be in Asia. Many of the world’s fastest growing economies today are located in the region. However, Asia still is home to two-thirds of the world’s poor and more than 60% of the undernourished. Thus the issue of global food security is central to evolving socio-economic conditions in the region. Asia accounts for more than 72% of the world’s irrigated land and draws about 80% of its available freshwater resources. The region has become the hotspot of irrigation and drainage activities while the water demand for domestic, industrial and power sectors is also escalating rapidly. Eight of the world’s top 10 irrigated countries are in Asia. Sustainable development and management of already stressed water and degrading land resources is therefore of vital importance. Improving agricultural productivity is essential for ensuring long-term food security and promoting poverty reduction. The greatest threat to food security, however, is climate change. The Asian Regional Working Group (ASRWG) was established in 1996 to share experiences and transfer of appropriate technology in irrigation and drainage through meetings and networking among Asian countries. Besides organizing the Asian Regional Conferences (ARC) on topics of current importance, the group enhances linkages with regional and trans-national organizations for co-operation and transfer of technology in irrigation and drainage. So far seven Asian Regional Conferences were held. The group has a membership of 11 countries including Australia. Sri Lankan National Committee (SLNICID) has recently re-joined the membership of ICID. Work Team on “Contribution of Agricultural Water for the Development of Rural Society in Asia” was established under the aegis of the ASRWG in June 2012 at Adelaide. The new WT could collaborate with FAO-RAP under their concept of “Rural Development and Agricultural Water in Asia”. The 7th Asian Regional Conference/ Irrigation Australia Conference with the theme “Regional Cooperation for Water and Food Security” was held in 26-28 June 2012 at Adelaide. The ASRWG has close collaboration with the ‘International Network for Water and Ecosystem in Paddy Fields (INWEFP)’ and the ‘International Society of Paddy and Water Environment Engineers (PAWEES)’. The PAWEES organized an international conference on “Challenges of Water and Environmental Management in Monsoon Asia” in November 2012 in Thailand and was hosted by the Royal Irrigation Department (RID). The PAWEES conference will be held in Malaysia in 2015 in cooperation with University of Putra and ASRWG. Chairman Dr. Karim Shiati (Iran) during his visit to Istanbul in October 2012, explored the possibility of enhancing regional cooperation between the Turkish National Committee (TUCID) and the Iranian National Committee (IRNCID) by signing a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU). The Chairman also visited Tanzanian National Committee (TANCID) and met Eng. Raphael Daluti, Director of Irrigation and Technical Services Division, Ministry of Agriculture, Tanzania for extending technical cooperation. The WG will organize an internal workshop “How does agricultural water management contribute to the development of rural society in Asia?” in October 2013 at Mardin, Turkey.

 American Regional Working Group (AMRWG) The American Regional Working Group (AMRWG) was established for facilitating better contacts and dissemination of information on irrigation and drainage among American countries, especially South and Central Americas by establishing an effective network of ICID National Committees in the

ICID  Annual Report 2012-13

Americas. The mandate of AMRWG is to assist in the broad-basing ICID National Committee in Latin American countries, to organize national and international discussions on relevant scientific and technical issues, and to act as a catalyst for promoting better contact with other relevant international organizations. At Adelaide meeting, Mr. Maurice Roos and Mr. Michael Mierzwa (USA), and Mr. Clarke Ballard (Australia) discussed ways to enthuse the countries in Americas to be involved in the activities of the commission. With this objective in view, Mr. Laurie Tollefson (Canada), Vice President In-charge of Americas has been communicating with South American countries for reinvigorating the AMRWG.

 European Regional Working Group (ERWG) Of the total of 50 countries in Europe, 21 are members of ICID. The European Regional Working Group (ERWG) promotes awareness about relevant water issues at all levels and to pay special attention to the environmentally sustainable water management in the region. The ERWG cooperates with Central and Eastern Europe Global Water Partnership (CEE-GWP) and World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) and shares invitations for conferences organized by ICID, like European Regional Conferences and International Drainage Workshops. The European Regional Working Group (ERWG) has constituted many Work Teams to achieve its mandate. The European Work Team on Water Related Risk Analysis (EWT-WRRA) identifies the basic risk factors and impacts of the water related disasters by evaluating prevailing risk assessment practices in countries and develops a common risk evaluation plan towards harmonizing national risk management action plans. The European Work Team on Sustainable Irrigation Management (EWT-SIM) focuses on activities such as - sustainable and environmentally sound irrigation management practices, develop joint projects to apply for financing, organize training courses and scientific tours, and legislative and institutional development in irrigation management. It has brought out a document on ‘Irrigation Sector Reforms in Central and Eastern European Countries’. The European Work Team on Drainage (EWTDRA) covers among others: (a) analysis of existing drainage and lowland management experiences, (b) the new approaches for monitoring of the technical and ecological status of the drainage systems, and (c) strategies for drainage systems and lowland management etc. The Work Team collaborates with WG-DRG for hosting the International Workshops in Europe focusing on European issues and approaches. In regions with high water stress, use of brackish and saline water and the recycling of wastewater are sometimes the only option available to address the growing water crisis. Drainage water, treated wastewater, brackish and desalinated water can be used in agriculture, especially in the arid and semi-arid zones and in rapidly growing peri-urban areas. Cities’ wastewaters are in fact a precious source of water and nutrients for agriculture that have to be properly managed to minimize environmental and health risks. The British National Committee (ICID.UK) organized two events, namely “Water and UK Foreign Policy” and “Water Security: Program in Theory and Practice” wherein Vice President Dr. Ragab Ragab provided evidence to the ‘UK All Party Group’ on ‘Agriculture and Food Development’. The Estonian National Committee (ESTCID) in cooperation with Ministry of Agriculture organized a regional workshop on ‘Land Reclamation Plans for 2020’ and seminar on ‘Melioration Activities to Diffuse Non-Point Source Pollution” during 17-18 May 2012. Dr. Laszlo Hayde, Chairman gave presentations on ICID activities in both the workshop and the Seminar. The event was attended by representative from Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Finland and Russia. The 12th International Drainage Workshop (IDW) will be held in June 2014 at St. Petersburg, Russia, whereas the 26th European Regional Conference will be held in October 2015 at Montpellier, France. Young Professional Fora (YPF) will be organized during each of these events.

ICID  Annual Report 2012-13

 7th Asian Regional Conference, Adelaide, Australia Irrigation Australia Limited (IAL) (incorporating the Australian National Committee) organized the 7th Asian Regional Conference (ARC) on “Regional Cooperation for Water and Food Security” from 24-26 June 2012 at Adelaide, Australia. The papers received were presented in 45 Sessions. Mr. Tony Burke, Minister for Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities addressed the gathering through pre-recorded video. Mr. Jay Weatherill, Premier of South Australia welcomed the delegates and gave a talk on Murray Darling Basin Plan. President Dr. Gao Zhanyi delivered a keynote on ‘Water and Irrigation for Food Security’. Mr. Peter Toome, Chair IAL and Mr. Thierry Facon of FAO also made presentations on the occasion. The major topics of the conference were - Integrated Water Management, Modernization of Irrigation and Drainage, Water for Environment, Drainage and Flood Management, Agriculture, Urban Turf Management, Horticulture, Climate Change, Regional Cooperation, Wetland Management and Environment. A Trade Show in which about 100 manufacturers, companies, system suppliers, retailers, distributors, institutes showcasing their products and services to the irrigation industry was an added attraction of the event. Eight technical workshops and poster presentations were also held on the sidelines of the Conference. More than 500 delegates (including 200 from overseas) from 56 countries participated in Adelaide events. One day tours during the conference and post conference technical tours were organized.

 International Advanced Workshop and Training on Irrigation and Drainage, Beijing, China The Chinese National Committee (CNCID) and the Chinese Research and Training Centre organized an “International Advanced Workshop and Training on Irrigation and Drainage” in Beijing during 21-26 September 2012. The workshop was supported by the Ministry of Water Resources, Chinese Irrigation and Drainage Development Centre, and China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research (IWHR).The workshop was attended by about 20 participants from Bangladesh, Cambodia, Nepal, Mali, Turkey, Uzbekistan, and China. The participants shared information on various water saving techniques being adopted in their countries. They also shared the participatory irrigation management practices. President Dr. Gao Zhanyi, Secretary General Avinash Tyagi, Vice Presidents Adama Sangare and Hüseyin GŰNDOĞDU also attended the workshop. The participants had an opportunity to visit the Daxing Irrigation Experimental Station, Shunyi Water Saving Irrigation Trial Field and Dujiangvan Irrigation System, which is one of the most ancient irrigation systems (more than 2300 years) and the UNESCO World Heritage Site. The participants also attended the 6th Yellow River Forum where ICID had organized an Irrigation Subforum on 26th September.

 11th Irrigation Drainage Workshop, Cairo, Egypt Egyptian National Committee (ENCID), the National Water Research Center (NWRC) and the Egyptian Public Authority on Drainage Projects (EPADP) jointly organized and hosted the 11th International Drainage Workshop in Cairo from 22-24 September 2012. The theme of the workshop was “Agricultural Drainage Needs and Future Priorities”. The workshop was opened by Eng. Mohamed Bahaa El Dine Saad, the Minister of Water Resources and Irrigation. Secretary General Avinash Tyagi also attended the workshop and conveyed a message from President Gao Zhanyi during the opening ceremony. Other ICID dignitaries attended the workshop were - Vice Presidents Hon. Mahmoud Abu Zeid, Hussein El Atfy, Safwat Abdel Dayem, and Dr. Shaden Abdel Gawad, Vice President Dr. Ragab Ragab, President Hon Professor Dr. Chandra Madramootoo delivered a keynote address on ‘Evolution of Drainage in a Changing Environmental Context’. Prof. Madramootoo had a courtesy meeting with Prime Minister H. E. Dr. Hesham Khandil who is also an eminent Drainage Engineer and worked for several years at the Canadian financed National Water Quality and Availability Management Project (NAWQAM) in Egypt.

ICID  Annual Report 2012-13

 5th International Yellow River Forum, Zhengzhou, China ICID jointly with CNCID hosted a Sub-forum on ‘Sustainable Water Resources Management and Food Security’ on 26 September 2012 at Zhengzhou, China. The Forum highlighted optimization of water allocation for agricultural production and increasing water use efficiency and productivity at various scales. The one day Sub-forum was part of the 5th International Yellow River Forum held on 24-28 September 2012 under the overall theme ‘Ensuring Water Right of the River’s Demand and Healthy River Basin Maintenance’ and was organized by Yellow River Conservancy Commission. The Sub-forum was chaired by Dr. Hüseyin GŰNDOĞDU, Vice President of ICID. Mr. Li Guoying, Vice Minister, Ministry of Water Resources, China delivered the inaugural address, while Dr. Gao Zhanyi, President gave a keynote speech on ‘Increasing water use efficiency and productivity in agricultural production’. Vice President Adama Sangare (Mali) made a presentation on ‘Water and irrigation for food security in Africa’. Mr. Wang Aiguo, Director General, Department of Irrigation and Drainage, MWR, and Chairman, CNCID made a presentation on ‘Food security and irrigation development in China’. Dr. Uttam Raj Timilsina, Deputy Director General, Department of Irrigation, Nepal made a presentation on ‘Irrigation development in Nepal’. Prof. Dong Bin, Wuhan University, China, made a presentation on ‘Comprehensive technologies of high irrigation efficiency and productivity for paddy rice’. Panel discussions were conducted with panelists from FAO, Bangladesh, Cambodia, Turkey, Uzbekistan and China. The Sub-forum highlighted the importance and experiences on irrigation development and water saving practices in Asia and Africa.

 International workshop on ‘Understanding water-energy-GHS nexus for future water and food security’, New Delhi, India Indian Society of Water Management (India) and the University of Melbourne (Australia) jointly organized an international workshop on ‘Understanding water-energy-GHS nexus for future water and food security’ during 27-28 September 2012 at New Delhi, India. Australia-India Institute was the sponsor of the workshop and Prof Hector Malano, representing the University of Melbourne discussed the Australian strategic alliances for pursuing collaborative research. On behalf of ICID, Dr. Vijay K Labhsetwar, Director presented a paper on ‘Actions for green economy through linkages between water, energy and food security’.

 Kick-off Meeting of the 1st World Irrigation Forum (WIF-1), Istanbul, Turkey The Kick-Off meeting of the 1st World Irrigation Forum (WIF-1) was held at the General Directorate of State Hydraulics Works (DSI) in Istanbul on 5 October 2012. Mr. Cuneyt Gerek, Vice Chairman of TUCID; Prof. Dr. A. Mete Saatçi, President of Turkish Water Institute (SUEN), and Vice President Dr. Hüseyin GŰNDOĞDU were present at the meeting. Mr. Cuneyt Gerek delivered the opening address and Dr.Hüseyin GŰNDOĞDU apprised the members about the progress in organizing the WIF-1.The objective of the Forum is to bring together all the stakeholders involved in irrigation and drainage of all types and at scales. It would include the policymakers, experts, researchers together with nongovernmental members, farmers, etc. The steering committee, technical advisory committee and various organizing committees were established on the occasion. ICID invites all its partners who have worked over the years with ICID and welcomes new partners to pursue their goals of food and water security together and in collaboration by joining the World Irrigation Forum. With the mission to stimulate and promote the irrigation, drainage and flood management, ICID presently has a unique niche, being the only organization dealing with various facets of irrigation, drainage and flood management. Mardin, as the venue provides a perfect opportunity to see the region transformed by the famous GAP project together with historical monuments.

ICID  Annual Report 2012-13

 10th EURO-INBO, Istanbul, Turkey The 10th European Conference on the Implementation of the Water Framework Directive (EURO-INBO) was held on 17-19 October 2012 at Istanbul, Turkey, at the invitation of the Turkish Water Institute (SUEN). The Conference was organized around six round tables addressing the following issues: (i) Water, food and energy nexus; (ii) Cooperation with EECCA and Mediterranean Partner Countries on the implementation of the WFD principles and methods; (iii) Improve water governance in trans- boundary river basins; (iv) Adapt to challenges linked to climate change and prevent extreme phenomena; (v) Develop new approaches of river restoration and protection of water ecosystems and economic analysis; and (vi) Cost recovery under the WFD. The “EUROPE-INBO” group was created in 2003 at Valencia, Spain by the European Basin Organizations of INBO.VPH Dr. Karim Shiati, Chairman of ASRWG, Vice President Dr.Hüseyin GŰNDOĞDU and Dr. Aynur Fayrap, member of ASRWG attended the Conference and made their contributions in roundtable sessions.

 Symposium on ‘Irrigation in a Changing Environment’, Drakensberg in South Africa The South African National Committee (SANCID) organized a Symposium on ‘Irrigation in a Changing Environment’ during 20-23 November 2012 at Drakensberg, South Africa. The symposium deliberated on environmental, social and economic challenges currently facing the irrigation and drainage sector in South Africa. About 100 delegates from government institutions, universities, research institutes, commercial companies attended the event. Prof Greg Kiker from the University of Florida in his paper ‘Climate change in the United States and South Africa: Lessons for irrigation and drainage management at the catchment scale’ concluded that Climate change or variation will not only change things but it will change how we think about things. In his Keynote address at the plenary session, Prof. Kiker pointed out that modelling can be used to predict various scenarios but that multiple models show uncertain future with significant disagreement on metrics and institutional reaction. Prof Martin Steyn from the University of Pretoria presented his research paper ‘How will climate change affect future potato production and water use in South Africa?’ The research focused mainly on the temperature and rainfall as indicators. By simulating the crop growth from 1961 to 2050, the research concluded that although there will be in increase of 20 C in average temperature over 90 year period, there will be no change or a slight decline in annual rainfall, and that the potato yields will increase by 28.5%. A technical tour to visit the Drakensberg Pumped Storage Scheme was organized. The Scheme is a joint venture between Eskom (The South African Electricity Energy supplier) and the Department of Water Affairs and transfers water from the Thukela River to the Sterkfontein Dam. Water is pumped in off peak electricity demand periods and released in peak periods to generate power. Four reversible turbines situated 156 meters below ground level generate 1000 MW of electricity for the Eskom grid. The water can also be released to the Vaal system to augment water shortages in Central South Africa. At the Gala dinner, Mr. Felix Reinders, Vice President Hon., and Chairman of SANCID delivered a speech “Celebrating SANCID”. He took the audience through a journey from inception of SANCID in 1993, its contributions in South Africa and the ICID family and highlighted its performances of more than 19 years. SANCID look forward to its next Symposium in 2014 when SANCID will also celebrate its 21st anniversary in the ICID family.

ICID  Annual Report 2012-13

NATIONAL COMMITTEES AT WORK

he National Committees are the backbone of the Commission and act as the main vehicle for taking forward the ICID mission among the stakeholders in their respective countries. Presently ICID has a country membership network of about 100 countries worldwide. During the year 2012 Chad joined ICID while Kazakhstan, Morocco, Sri Lanka, Zambia, Zimbabwe reactivated their National Committees. National Committees are free to adopt their own structure and constitution. They have their own working groups depending on the specific issues to be addressed by the country, organize annual national level irrigation conferences, workshops, technical meetings, participate in the meetings of the international organizations and also develop technical cooperation through Memorandum of Understanding. The following is a brief report of activities as reported by some of the National Committees.

 Bangladesh National Committee (BANCID), Bangladesh Bangladesh National Committee (BANCID) organized a Seminar on “International Year of Water Cooperation”, the theme of the World Water Day on 23 March 2013. Mr. Shaik Altaf Ali, Senior Secretary, Ministry of Water Resources, Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh was the Chief Guest while the seminar was chaired by Mr. Md. Azizul Haque, Director General, Bangladesh Water Development Board (BWDB) and Chairman, BANCID. Mr. Malik Fida A. Khan, Director, Climate Change Study Division, Center for Environmental and Geographic Information Services (CEGIS) presented the theme paper. Eminent Water Experts and Engineers from different organizations, academicians, representatives from NGO’s attended the Seminar. The fact that the prudent utilization of the water resources through collaborative efforts would lead to economic prosperity, peace and social harmony, and environmental sustainability of the region was highlighted. A number of observations and recommendations emerged from the seminar like holding constructive and meaningful dialogue with the neighboring countries in order to receive due shares of water of the common rivers and resolve water related issues, among others.

 Indian National Committee on Surface Water (INCSW) The Ministry of Water Resources (MoWR), Government of India (GoI) constituted a new Indian National Committee on Surface Water (INSCW) as an umbrella Committee by bringing together Indian National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage (INCID), Indian National Committee on Hydraulics (INCH), Indian National Committee on Hydrology (INCOH), and Indian National Committee on Construction Materials and Structures (INCGEM). The INCSW/ INCID will continue to represent India in ICID. President Gao Zhanyi visited INCSW on 1 December 2012 and held discussions with Mr. Rajesh Kumar, Chairman, Central Water Commission (CWC), and Chair INCSW on various issues. VPH A.K. Bajaj, former Chairman, CWC and SGH Gopalakrishnan also participated in the discussions. Earlier in April 2012, President Gao Zhanyi and Mr. Hao Zhao, Division Director, Ministry of Water Resources, China visited Central Water Commission (CWC) and held discussion with the Chairman, CWC. The President proposed a closer collaboration between the INCSW and CNCID for knowledge sharing as the two countries face similar challenges to achieve food security. Under the leadership of the Chairman, CWC and the Director General of National Water Development Agency (NWDA) jointly with other organizing partners 1st ‘India Water Week 2012’ on the theme “Water, Energy and Food Security - Call for Solutions” was successfully held ICID  Annual Report 2012-13

from 10-13 April 2012 at New Delhi. Dr. Javed Mamon (IRNCID), Mr. Bernard Vincent (AFEID), and Dr. Zhao Hao (CNCID) participated in the conference and made presentations. The session on “Infrastructure and Water” was chaired by SGH M. Gopalakrishnan. Secretary General Avinash C. Tyagi delivered a keynote address on “Droughts and Flood Management”. Sec. Gen. Hon. M.A. Chitale chaired the session on “Water Governance” and SGH C.D. Thatte chaired a session on “Research and Development in Water Sector”. An exhibition ‘Water Expo 2012’ was also organized on the sidelines.

 Indonesian National Committee (INACID) Dr. A. Hafied A. Gany, Vice President Hon. ICID (Indonesia) and Senior Advisor on Scientific Affairs to the Indonesian National Committee (INACID) accompanied by Mr. Endang Wachyan, member of INACID visited Chinese Taipei Committee (CTCID) on the occasion of the ‘Intel Intelligent Systems Summit’ (IISS) on 15-16 October 2012 at Taipei International Conference Centre. The INACID delegates conducted a two-day ‘Comparative Observation Study’ from 17-18 October 2012 on the ‘Underlying Modernization of Operation and Management (O&M) of Irrigation and Drainage in Chinese Taipei’. The two Committees shared many documents including reports on the “state-of-the-art” of operation and management of irrigation in Taiwan.

 Iranian National Committee (IRNCID) The Iranian National Committee (IRNCID) organized two events viz. (a) ‘1st Technical Workshop on Irrigation and Energy’ on 14 February 2013 in Karaj City, Iran; and (b) ‘7th Workshop on Drainage and Environment, Drainage Equipment and Machinery’ on 28 November 2012 in Tehran, Iran. IRNCID also brought out the following publications – (1) Conservation of Physical Resources for Agricultural Production (Soil and Water), Publication No. 150, 2012, 268 pages; (2) Principles of Flow in Surface Irrigation, Publication No.152, 2012, 232 pages; and (3) ‘’IRNCID Newsletters’’.

 Italian National Committee (ITAL-ICID) President Gao Zhanyi and Secretary General Avinash Tyagi visited ITAL-ICID Headquarters housed in the Ministry of Agriculture, Rome in February 2013. They were received by Dr. Gabriella Zanferrari, President; Prof. Marco Arcieri, Vice President; VPH Prof. Lucio Ubertini and other colleagues. Secretary General recalled that Italy was one of the founder members of ICID and has been contributing significantly to ICID activities since then. The ITAL-ICID has plans to organize a training course for the benefit of participants from Mediterranean countries. The Secretary General suggested inviting and sponsoring a few candidates from Africa, providing a boost to ICID’s efforts in strengthening its activities in Africa region. The President and Secretary General also had a meeting with Italy’s Vice Minister for Agriculture HE Prof. Francesco Braga. Prof. Braga was keen to further strengthen the relationship with ICID. President Zhanyi invited Prof. Braga to grace the WIF1 in Mardin. The Minister expressed his Ministry’s desire to be a sponsor to the first WIF and supported ITAL-ICID’s proposal to organize a side event at the Forum in collaboration with other Mediterranean partners.

 Korean National Committee (KCID) The 22nd International Congress on Irrigation and Drainage and 65th International Executive Council (IEC) meetings will be hosted by the Korean National Committee (KCID) during 14-20 September 2014, at Gwangju Metropolitan City. The theme of the Congress is “Securing Water for Food and Rural Community under Climate Change”.

ICID  Annual Report 2012-13

The National Organizing Committee (NOC) has been established and held its first meeting on 21 February 2013 towards fast track preparations for the ICID Congress. In all, 37 members (government officials, professors, engineers and experts from the public and private sectors) participated in the 1st meeting of the NOC.

 Malaysian National Committee (MANCID) The Young Professional Forum (YPF) of the Malaysian National Committee (MANCID) organized the YPF-AGM Programme on 3 September 2012 at Kuala Lumpur. The main feature of the programme was a mentoring session with President Hon. Dato’ Ir. Hj Shahrizaila bin Abdullah. He spoke on “Food security and agricultural water management” providing an insight into the critical issues related to the world food crisis and agriculture water management.

 Netherlands National Committee (NETHCID) The 14th NETHCID Symposium on ‘Land and water development in a rapidly changing setting’ held on 8 May 2012 at UNESCO-IHE, Delft, The Netherlands. The symposium was organized in the honour of President Hon. Prof. Bart Schultz who retired from UNESCO-IHE and Prof. Charlotte de Fraiture who has been appointed as his successor. Prof. Schultz delivered a valedictory address on ‘Finding the balance between decision making, implementation, management and sustainability’. Prof. Charlotte de Fraiture delivered the inaugural address on ‘Water and food security in an insecure world’.

 Pakistan National Committee (PANCID) Pakistan Engineering Congress and Pakistan National Committee jointly organized a few technical activities like the ‘World Environment Day’, and lectures on topics of importance. During the world environment day event, some eleven papers were presented on various aspects of “Green Economy” by eminent environmentalists, meteorologists, experts on water resources and food security. On 19 June 2012, Pakistan Engineering Congress organized a Lecture on the topic of “Diagnostics of Floods in Pakistan - Managing the avoidable and avoiding the unmanageable” by Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Khan, Chief, Water and Sustainable Development Section, UNESCO, Paris. Dr. Khan said that UNESCO formulated a comprehensive strategy in partnership with Pakistan to help the Country develop and manage its responses to flood and drought, and to rationally account potential impacts of land use, population, climate change and other factors on water resources.

 Spanish National Committee (CERYD) The 15th Conference of the National Federation of Spanish Federation of Irrigators’ Communities (FENACORE) on ‘The Importance of Irrigation in the New Water Management Planning’ was held on 12 March 2013 in Spain. The conference was supported by Spanish National Committee (CERYD). Ms. Liana Ardiles, Director General of Water, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Environment (MAGRAMA), Chaired the ‘Opening Session’ along with Mr. Andrés del Campo, President of FENACORE and referred to the new Basin Management Plans in which the Government aims to join the interests of all stakeholders in order to achieve the common good and guarantee the water supply to all sectors, both in quality and quantity. The Government is committed to achieve a ‘National Agreement on Water’ to allow a new ‘National Water Management Plan’ to be passed before the end of 2013. Ms. Isabel García Tejerina, Secretary General of Agriculture and Food said that an effort shall be made to improve the irrigation water use efficiency and reduce its total consumption while keeping up the productivity and rural employment. She pointed out the need to address the irrigation water use together with other competing uses keeping in mind that irrigated agriculture consumes 65% of water. She looked forward to the Ministry of Agriculture for drafting a National Innovation Programme for the Food and Agriculture Industry.

ICID  Annual Report 2012-13

The Spanish National Committee (CERYD) together with the Spanish Association of Irrigation and Drainage (AERYD) organized the 30th Spanish National Congress on Irrigation at Albacete, Spain from 12 to 14 June 2012. The opening session was chaired by the Vice-Chancellor of Albacete University Campus, Prof. Dr. Pedro Carrión, while Dr. Joaquin Rodriguez Chaparro, Deputy Director General of Irrigation, Ministry of Agriculture, delivered the opening speech on the subject “New technologies of irrigation within farmer’s reach”. The Congress was attended by about 180 participants and more than 80 papers were presented. During the Congress, a Round Table on “The new technologies for irrigation design and management at the reach of the users” was held which was chaired by Prof. J.M. Tarjuelo. An exhibition of irrigation materials and equipments was also organized, where the most advanced technologies were showcased.

 Turkish National Committee (TUCID) Turkish National Committee had offered to take up the challenge to organize the First World Irrigation Forum (WIF1) at a short notice of 16 months when the 63rd IEC took the decision to start the Irrigation Forum. The 1st Steering Committee Meeting of the WIF1 was held on 5 February 2013 at Ankara. The meeting took stock of the preparations of the WIF1 together with ICID’s 64th International Executive Council (IEC) meeting to be held during 29 September – 05 October 2013 at Mardin, Turkey. The Committee reviewed the logistics arrangements for the event among others. International partners of the WIF1 viz., FAO, IWMI, ADB, World Bank, GWP, ICRISAT, IFPRI, AWC, ICARDA, and ECB have expressed their full support and have shown their keen interest in organizing events related to the sub-themes of WIF1. The World Bank had offered to organize a couple of side events jointly with FAO and IWMI. WMO is also keen to organize a side event on use of weather and climate information in irrigation management.

 British National Committee (ICID.UK) The British National Committee (ICID.UK) in cooperation with the ‘Water Security Research Centre’ of the University of East Anglia (UEA) organized a half-day seminar on 22 February 2013 at Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE) in London. The main theme of the seminar was “What colour is your water? - A critical review of blue, green and other water” with the aim to critically review the colour concept used in understanding water resources management. More than 60 persons participated in the seminar. Dr. Bruce Lankford, Chairman of the British Section of ICID (ICID.UK) and the UEA Water Security Research Centre organized a Seminar ‘Irrigation policy in a time of drought and high food prices’ on 9 November 2012 at the Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE) in London. The 2012 droughts in the UK, USA and Indo-Gangetic Plain besides high food prices provided the background to the seminar. The objective was to examine global and local irrigation policy in the context of drought and high food prices. The main question that guided the seminar was “In a time of climate change and food security, can better irrigation policies reduce food vulnerabilities?” More than 90 participants, representatives from DFID, universities and international NGOs attended the seminar. Presentations were made by experts from World Bank, IFPRI, FAO, KCL, Wageningen, ia2c.org, UKIA and UEA.

 Zimbabwe National Committee (ZwCID) Zimbabwe Committee on Irrigation and Drainage (ZwCID) has reactivated its membership. The ZwCID in cooperation with the Zimbabwean Ministry of Agriculture, Mechanization and Irrigation Development hosted the Southern African Regional Irrigation Association (SARIA)’s capacity building workshop on ‘Agricultural Water use for Homestead Food Gardens’ from 12 to 13 February 2013 at Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe. The workshop was followed by the 11th SARIA Steering Committee meeting. The event was attended by 24 delegates from 10 SADC countries, viz. Botswana, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe.

ICID  Annual Report 2012-13

WORKING TOGETHER WITH PARTNERS

ater, being at the centre of development, many UN-Agencies and International Organizations are engaged in various facets of water management. ICID works closely with various water related international organizations in fulfilling its mission and objectives. Over the years ICID has been collaborating with ICOLD, FAO, World Bank, ADB, UN-Water, and IWMI effectively.

The year 2012 witnessed a much enhanced and wider collaboration with many global organizations and partnersadding new facets to the existing collaborations. ICID participated and meaningfully contributed to the 6th World Water Forum in Marseille, ADB’s Asian Irrigation Forum in Manila, and the World Water Week at Stockholm.The following brief provides a summary of activities of ICID collaboration with these and other organizations.

 UN-Water UN-Water is a mechanism of the United Nations, endorsed in 2003 for the follow-up process of the 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development. Its purpose is to support states in their waterrelated efforts and to reach the Millennium Development Goals. ICID is one of the partner organizations of the UN-Water and has been contributing effectively to all UN-Water activities and meetings. The UN-Water Decade Programme on Capacity Development (UNW-DPC), the United Nations University Institute on Water, Environment and Health (UNUINWEH) and ICID jointly with others have joined forces to promote the safe use of wastewater in agriculture in developing countries and countries in transition. As a result, a ‘Capacity Development Project on Safe Wastewater Use in Agriculture’ has been launched. ICID hosted the 2nd Regional Workshop in this series for South, West and Central Asia from 16-18 May 2012 at New Delhi in which 31 participants from South-East Asian countries, including ICID National Committees participated. Representatives of National Committees of Bangladesh, Iran, Iraq, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Syria, and Turkey represented the irrigation community at this multi-disciplinary endeavour. In the same series, the 5th Regional Workshop in this series was held on 5-7 March 2013 at Bali, Indonesia in which Secretary General Avinash Tyagi participated as a Resource Person and contributed on behalf of ICID. Ir. Ping Dang, Ir. Hu Yqiong and Prof. Wang Shaoli from Chinese National Committee (CNCID); Ir. Jamil Shaari from Malaysian National Committee (MANCID); and Ms. Pornsiri Khanayai from Thai National Committee (THACID) participated. President and Secretary General participated in the 22nd UN-Water meeting held at Stockholm during 23-25 August 2012. While introducing the food security issues among the members, the President invited all the UN-Water members and partners to join the first World Irrigation Forum(WIF1) to be held in Turkey in 2013. A number of possible collaborative activities jointly with other UN-Water members were explored. ICID believes that to have a say in the ‘future we want’, the irrigation community worldwide need to be encouraged to engage in the various consultations and meetings of the UN-Water. At the “International UN-Water Conference on Water Cooperation” held from 8 to 10 January in 2013 in Zaragoza, Spain, the participants shared a wide range of initiatives, including experiences in rural and urban areas, and cases at countryand basin level, to identify lessons learned and key success factors. The need for cooperation was highlighted as critical for sustainable ICID  Annual Report 2012-13

water management. Mutual trust and understanding is one of the key factors for successful water cooperation within and among communities. Toactually realize cooperative water management, the implementation of a system of incentives and penalties is also required. In a paper presented by ICID on “Participatory Irrigation Management: Understanding the Role of Cooperative Culture”, it was emphasized that political will, legal frameworks, accountability and institutional structures provide asolid foundation for water cooperation. It is emphasized that achieving water cooperation is the result of a long term process which requires time, patience and mutual trust.” All water related international organizations and national level institutions need to join their forces in evolving PIM process/WUA model fitting to each country situation.

 Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations Both ICID and FAO work towards the common objective of promoting sustainable agricultural water management and achieving food security worldwide. ICID and FAO thus have a robust partnership since decades and is further reinforced through successive World Water Fora. FAO experts act as Observer on many ICID technical workbodies. Irrigated agriculture plays a crucial role in achieving food security, poverty alleviation and rural development in the Asia Pacific region. FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific (FAO-RAP) hosted a Regional Inception Workshop on ‘Revitalizing Irrigation and Agricultural Water Governance in Asia’ during 4-5 April 2012 at Bangkok. President Prof. Gao Zhanyi made a presentation on ‘Regional strategies and priorities for irrigation and agricultural water governance’. The workshop concluded with the resolve to revitalize irrigation and agricultural water governance in Asia. Issues like leadership, innovation and significance; networking country initiatives, and linking regional components and country/basin initiatives were discussed in detail for revitalizing irrigation in Asia. Participants endorsed the need for strategies for promotion and resource mobilization, roadmap and future steps in this direction. The Workshop “‘Eye on Asia: Water and Food Security” held during the World Water Week at Stockholm in August 2012 explored the kind of innovations that may lead to improved efficiency in irrigation; the potential for expansion of supplementary irrigation and the scale of investments that are needed in blue water management for food security in a context of multiple and competing uses. The Workshop was co-convened by ICID with UNW-DPC, WHO, FAO, UNEP, UNU-INWEH and IWMI. ICID President and Secretary General along with VPH Prof. Lucio Ubertini (Italy) and Prof. Marco Arcieri, Vice president ITAL-ICID visited FAO Headquarters in Rome in January 2013 and held discussions with Dr. Pasquale Steduto, Deputy Director, NRL, Dr. Mohamed Bazza, Senior Officer, FAO, and Mr. Thierry Facon, Senior Water Management Officer and other senior officers on various technical aspects of the First World Irrigation Forum (WIF1). The ICID delegations also visited Dr. Daniel Gustafson, Deputy Director General (Operations), FAO during their visit to FAO Headquarters and exchanged dialogues on issues of mutual interest. FAO supported the initiative and will participate in the Forum at the highest level.

 International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) Given its focus on rural poverty alleviation and livelihood enhancement through improved agricultural water management, ICID has standing MoU with IFAD. IFAD is a Permanent Observer at the Executive Council meeting of ICID, while ICID has a Permanent Observer status at the Executive Board of Governing Council of IFAD. Prof. Marco Arcieri, Vice President of ITAL-ICID

ICID  Annual Report 2012-13

attended on behalf of ICID the IFAD’s 36th Session of the Governing Council held in February 2013 in Rome. President and Secretary General visited IFAD Office in Rome in January-February 2013 and discussed about enhancing the mutual cooperation in various technical aspects, especially during the forthcoming World Irrigation Forum (WIF1) of ICID. Dr. Rudolph Cleveringa of IFAD has assured their fullest support. VPH Prof. Lucio Ubertini (Italy) and Prof. Marco Arcieri (Italy) were also present during the discussions.

 World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ICID has a consultative status with WMO and was invited to participate in WMO’s Extraordinary Session of the World Meteorological Congress which was held in Geneva from 26-27 October 2012. WMO is represented on ICID’s related technical Working Groups. ICID and WMO intend to collaborate on areas of mutual interest and a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU), scheduled to be signed between two organizations in near future.

 UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Delft, The Netherlands UNESCO-IHE offers a wide range of flexible, high quality, specialized educational solutions to respond to the needs of diverse clients from the professional water arena. The Institute is increasing the flexibility of educational programmes by providing increasing numbers of online courses. ICID has sponsored three Young Professionals (Mr. Esmaeel Bayat and Mr. Nima Najafi from Iran, and Mr. Krishna Prasad Rijal from Nepal) to participate in the online course on ‘Service Oriented Management of Irrigation Systems (SOMIS)’ organized by UNESCO-IHE in 2013. ICID Young Professionals are encouraged to send their ‘Expression of Interest’ to ICID for participating in such courses conducted by UNESCO-IHE in future. Secretary General Avinash Tyagi has been nominated to the Governing Board (GB) of UNESCO-IHE for a period of four years. He attended the 12th Session of the GB meeting held in November 2012 and also explored the means and ways to further strengthening ICID’s cooperation with UNESCOIHE. Secretary General also delivered a lecture in a Seminar Session organized for the students of Land and Water Development. The 14th NETHCID Symposium on ‘Land and water development in a rapidly changing setting’ was held on 8 May 2012 at UNESCO-IHE. The symposium was organized in the honour of PH Prof. Bart Schultz who has retired from UNESCO-IHE. The symposium took stock of land and water development over the past decades and explored the challenges to be addressed. Prof Schultz delivered a valedictory address ‘Finding a balance between planning, implementation, management and sustainability’; while the inaugural address on ‘Water and food security in an insecure world’ was delivered by Dr. Ms. Charlotte de Fraiture who took over the baton from Prof. Schultz. UNESCOIHE is a technical partner of ICID at the forthcoming WIF.

 World Water Council (WWC) ICID has been actively involved in the WWC’s World Water Fora since beginning. ICID has been elected to the Board of Governors (BoG) of the WWC in November 2012 for a period of three years. Mr. Kazumi Yamaoka representing JNCID, Japan and Mr. Akif Özkaldi, Chair of the Turkish National Committee (TUCID) representing DSI were the other ICID associates elected to the BoG. These institutions being very close to the ICID community will provide an opportunity to ICID to bring issues of agriculture water management at the global platform more strongly. Chair of the ICID Working Group on Young Irrigation Professionals Forum

ICID  Annual Report 2012-13

(WG-YPF), Mr. Yaser Barghi (Iran) has also been invited to be one of the three Young Professional Observers at the BoG. President Dr. Benedito Braga and Vice President Dr. Dogan Altinbilek of WWC have assured their full support and presence in ICID activities such as WIF, etc. “A pact for water security” as envisioned by the WWC as its strategic thrust during thenext three years was presented to the United Nations, which includes a list of areas of work - the right to water, water and energy, food and health, climate and water related disasters. ICID represented WWC through its Secretary General at the India Water Impact Summit 2012 held in December 2012 in New Delhi. President Gao attended the 48th BoG meeting of WWC at Marseille on 1-2 February 2013 to discuss its strategy. On an invitation from President Braga of WWC, President Gao agreed to represent WWC in the Steering Committee for “Promoting Water and food Security” project initiated jointly by WWC and the Qatar National Food Security Programme (QNFSP).

 International Water Management Institute (IWMI) ICID and IWMI have been collaborating on issues of mutual interest since long. IWMI was one of the major partners in the ICID’s Country Policy Support Program (CPSP) funded by the Government of the Netherlands. Both the organizations participate in each other’s key events. IWMI has been represented in various technical workbodies of ICID as a Permanent Observer. Mr. Jeremy Bird, Director General, IWMI and other professionals from IWMI-India visited the ICID Central Office on 8 February 2013 and held discussions with Secretary General Avinash Tyagi on various issues of mutual interest. Mr. Bird also delivered a talk “From water problems to water solutions’ in a brainstorming session organized jointly by Central Board of Irrigation and Power (CBIP), New Delhi Center of the World Water Council (NDC-WWC) and ICID. IWMI is a technical partner to the first WIF. To celebrate the conclusion of 10 years of IWMI-Tata Water Policy Program (ITP), a vibrant partnership between IWMI and Sir Ratan Tata Trust, an Annual Partners’ Meet on “Water and Society Celebrating a Decade of Policy Research Partnership on Irrigation, Energy, Agriculture and Livelihoods in India” was organized during 28-30 November at Anand in Gujarat State of India. Involving young students and practitioners in policy research has been a major strength of the program. The ITP has pursued practical solutions by adopting a problem-solving research format. President Gao Zhanyi presented a paper on “Water Governance Reforms in China” at the meeting. President Gao also had a brief discussion with the new top management team of IWMI on this occasion.

 International Water-related Associations’ Liaison Committee (IWALC) ICID Central Office has been acting as the Secretariat of IWALC, established in November 1994. Owing to financial constraints faced by members, the IWALC meetings could not be held since long. Secretary General, ICID made efforts for convening a meeting at Marseille in March 2012 during the 6th World Water Forum. Based on the responses from IWALC members, it was proposed to dissolve IWALC as its members could not contribute to its activities effectively. The matter was discussed at the 63rd Council meeting held in June 2012 at Adelaide and it was decided to defer the dissolution of IWALC for the time being.

 International Standards Organization (ISO) ICID has the ‘Liaison Member’ status in ISO and has been participating in the ISO Technical

ICID  Annual Report 2012-13

Committee TC23/SC18 (Irrigation and Drainage Equipments). With the cooperative arrangements between two organizations, ISO acts as the Permanent Observer in WG-ON-FARM. Mr. James Ayars was requested to participate at the 31st meeting of the SC 18 held at Orlando, USA from 31 October to 07 November 2012. The standards related to irrigation and drainage equipment as received from the SC18 are circulated among all National Committees from time to time. WG-ONFARM members provide their comments/ observations on the draft standards.

 The World Bank The World Bank has a strong focus in promoting irrigation and drainage as a major player in the livelihood of people living in the rural areas of the developing and emerging countries across the world. The World Bank has participated in the ICID’s Country Policy Support Programme in the past. World Bank is partnering with ICID in WIF1 and Mr. Jacob Burke is their representative in the WIF’s International Technical Advisory Committee (ITAC).

 Asian Development Bank (ADB) ADB organized the 1st Asian Irrigation Forum (AIF) from 11 to 13 April 2012 at Manila with the objective to address the challenge of irrigated agriculture against the backdrop of growing demand for limited water resources for agriculture, industry and human consumption. The Forum assessed constraints and opportunities for improved irrigation technology, review best practices and explore opportunities for partnerships to ensure equity, increased efficiency and full transparency in water use for irrigation on national, sub-regional and regional basis. The Forum was attended by leading irrigation and drainage policy makers, practitioners, R&D professionals, leaders of government and private sector irrigation and drainage service providers, representatives of farmer organizations and agri-business to lead discussions on key irrigation and drainage issues for the coming 20 years. ICID President Gao Zhanyi spoke on ‘How irrigation is responding to the challenges of volatility, vulnerability and changes in agriculture’. President highlighted the key changes and challenges facing irrigated agriculture production and measures to revitalize irrigation and drainage in Asia to achieve food security and poverty alleviation. Mr. Ian Makin, Senior Water Management Specialist of ADB is one of the members of the International Technical Advisory Committee (ITAC) of WIF1.

 Global Water Partnership (GWP) Secretary General Avinash Tyagi represented ICID at the GWP Consulting Partners’ meeting held in Stockholm in August 2012 and expressed ICID’s interest in participating in the ‘Integrated Drought Management Program (IDMP)’ being coordinated by WMO jointly with GWP. ICID has earlier participated in the early phases of inception of the IDMP. The GWP has brought out a document titled “Regional Approaches to Food and Water Security in the Face of Climate Challenges”. This document has been issued and widely circulated amongst ICID National Committees and members of the African Regional Working Group (AFRWG) for further dissemination. The Steering Committee meeting of GWP which was held on 2730 November 2012 in New Delhi, provided an opportunity for Dr. Letitia A.Obeng, the out-going Chairperson

ICID  Annual Report 2012-13

of GWP and the in-coming Chairperson of GWP Dr. Ursula Schaefer-Preuss to visit ICID Central Office and hold discussions on the mutually beneficial partnership between the two institutions. While reviewing the partnership, the two sides expressed satisfaction at the progress on the First World Irrigation Forum. The possibility of ICID playing an active role in the regional activities of South Asian region such as drought management program through its National Committees in the countries was also expressed.

 The International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) IFPRI has launched its inaugural ‘Global Food Policy Report’ which provides a comprehensive overview of major policy changes at the global, regional, national, and local levels, as well as their significance for food and nutrition security. The report makes the case for keeping food policy issues high on the global agenda and could serve as a reference to policymakers and stakeholders as they undertake discussions on global development. IFPRI is one of the technical partners of ICID’s WIF and is closely involved in developing the agenda for the Forum.

 International Commission on Large Dams (ICOLD) ICID and ICOLD believe that the water resources development by way of creating storages is crucialin meeting the water, food and energy challenge in a sustainable way. This is especially becoming important in the face of visible impacts of climate change on water availability for human use. At the 24th ICOLD Congress in Kyoto in June 2012, ICID and ICOLD together with International Hydropower Association (IHA) and International Water Resources Association (IWRA) have issued a World Declaration on “Water Storages for sustainable development” to reiterate this crucial issue when the world is busy looking for green solutions for our development imperative(Box 2). Secretary General Hon. Gopalakrishnan represented ICID and contributed ICID views during the ICOLD Congress. B OX 2

Water Storage for Sustainable Development: World declaration by ICOLD, ICID, IHA, & IWRA

   

Water is life and water storage infrastructure is an indispensable tool for society. Investment in water storage infrastructure is investment in the green economy. The services they provide will be crucial in the mitigation of and adaptation to climate change. To meet growing demands for water, food and energy, it is time to develop solutions for better use of water resources, especially for developing countries, and to match political commitments with action.  A balanced approach, combining large, medium and small reservoirs, is required; one that takes into account sustainable development, with full commitment to minimize negative impact.  The organizations signing this declaration commit to collaborate with all partners’ and stakeholders that share this common vision.

 International Geosynthetics Society (IGS) ICID signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with IGS in 2011 and both the organizations have been collaborating on matters of common interest. IGS requested for the Book titled “Application of Geo-synthetics in Irrigation and Drainage Projects” brought out by ICID in 2004 and 50 copies of the same were supplied to them.

 7th World Water Forum, Korea As a follow up to WWF6, ICID committed to continue its work in line with the actions and milestones as described in the various action plans, specifically intensifying the efforts on monitoring of progress made. The French and Korean National Committees of ICID have signed an MOU for taking forward the work and commitments of ICID

ICID  Annual Report 2012-13

until WWF7. ICID has established a TF to guide its inputs to WWF7, spearheaded by VPH Dr. Shinsuke Ota (Japan).The 7th WWF will be organized in Korea in 2015 after the 22nd ICID Congress in Gwangju Metropolitan City in 2014.

 UN Conference on Sustainable Development (RIO+20) World leaders were gathered to participate in the mega global event of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, (UNCSD), also referred to as (Rio+20) at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil during 3 to 6 June 2012. The two main themes of the UNCSD were: a green economy in the context of sustainable development and poverty eradication; and the institutional framework for sustainable development. The Conference decided to establish ‘Sustainable Development Goals’ as a sequel to the ‘Millennium Development Goals’. President Gao Zhanyi attended the Conference and affirmed that there was a pressure to reduce global water use by agriculture from 70% to 60%; which could be achieved by deploying innovative technologies, modernization of irrigation infrastructure and services, increasing water productivity, reclamation of waterlogged and salt affected lands, and innovative management measures.

 Stockholm International Water Institute (SIWI) ICID participated in 21st Stockholm World Water Week (SWWW) with a theme ‘Water for Food Security’ held during 26-31 August 2012. ICID, together with SIWI, FAO and IWMI co-convened a workshop on “Best Use of Blue Water Resources for Food Security” on 28th August. PH Prof. Chandra Madramootoo delivered a keynote address on “Renewed Emphasis on Water Storage for Food Production” while Dr. Toru Watanabe from JNC-ICID participated in the Panel discussion. Secretary General Avinash Tyagi chaired a session with Dr. Peter McCornick, Dy. Director General, IWMI. A number of interesting presentations were made followed by lively discussion in the session. President Dr. Gao Zhanyi participated in a number of panel discussions like “Governance for Water and Food Security” and Seminar on “Eye on Asia-Food and Water Security”, among others. President Dr. Gao Zhanyi, PH Chandra Madramootoo, SG Avinash Tyagi, and VP Dr. Francois Brelle (France) participated in various side meetings.

 McGill University, Montreal, Canada The 5th McGill Conference on Global Food Security with the theme “Food Prices and Political Instability” was successfully held on 16-18 October 2012 at Montreal, Canada. The Conference was chaired by PH Prof. Chandra Madramootoo. President Dr. Gao Zhanyi, Vice Presidents Hon. Prof. Victor A. Dukhovny (Uzbekistan) and Mr. Mohamed Ait-Kadi, President of General Council of Agricultural Development, Rabat, Morocco attended the Conference. President Gao Zhanyi made a presentation on ‘Policy and Practice for Achieving Food Security in China’ by highlighting the achievements in irrigated agriculture. VPH Viktor Dukhovny made a presentation on ‘Food security in Central Asia – vis-a-vis Future Challenges’.

ICID  Annual Report 2012-13

 International Society of Paddy and Water Environment Engineers (PAWEES) International Society of Paddy and Water Environment Engineers (PAWEES) is dedicated to the advancement of science and technology of paddy and water environmental disciplines in order to improve and rationalize sustainable paddy farming systems while protecting nature and environment, giving special attention to harmonization of nature, society and humans. The Society has been collaborating with ICID through ICID’s Asian Regional Working Group (ASRWG) on regular basis. An International Conference on “Challenges of Water and Environmental Management in Monsoon Asia” was organized by the PAWEES during 27-29 November 2012 at Nonthaburi in Thailand. The Conference deliberated on the challenges of climate change and uncertainty, participatory irrigation management, emerging technologies in water management, and environmental sustainability in paddy irrigation and drainage. Engineers andscientists from seven countries (Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nigeria, Taiwan and Thailand) attended the Conference. Mr. Lertviroj Kowattana, Director General of Royal Irrigation Department (RID), Thailand and Mr. Hiroyuki Konuma, Assistant Director General of Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations delivered the keynote speeches. About 75 research papers were presented. Prof Tai Cheol Kim, Vice-president, ICID and President of PAWEES emphasized on extending the knowledge and partnerships to enhance irrigation efficiency and high productivity leading to sustainable agriculture. The PAWEES members have also discussed the student and professor exchange program with institutes in Asian countries and also discussed opportunities of research collaboration with its member countries including PAWEES-ICID collaboration.The PAWEES conference in 2015 will be held in Malaysia in cooperation with University of Putra and ICID-ASRWG. Besides the above stakeholders in irrigation sector, ICID has been in cooperation with ICARDA, ICRISAT and Council of Europe Development Bank in areas of common interest, including the first WIF, for which they are technical partners.

ICID  Annual Report 2012-13

REWARDING EXCELLENCE

CID recognizes and encourages the outstanding contributions of professionals, scientists and farmers across the world who have developed and implemented innovative technologies, agronomic innovations, improved management measures, and institutional reforms towards sustainable irrigated and rainfed agriculture leading to higher crop productivity, higher farm income, and preservation of the land resources and the environment.

Towards this endeavor, ICID in 1997 instituted Annual ‘WatSave Awards’, the ‘Best Paper Award’ in 2006, and recently in 2012 instituted a ‘World Irrigation and Drainage Prize’. Besides the Awards, the Commission is also offering ‘Scholarships to Young Professionals’ for e-Learning programme.

A. WatSave Awards The water saving (WatSave) awards are presented annually in the four categories viz., Technology, Management, Young Professionals, and Farmer, to recognize outstanding contributions to water saving/ conservation in agriculture. So far, 37 outstanding contributions from 12 countries have been awarded. For the year 2012, of the four categories, the international Panel of Judges selected only two categories from among the nominations received viz., WatSave Innovative Water Management Award for the contribution made by Mr. Peter McCamish (Australia), and WatSave Technology Award for the contribution made by Prof. Peng Shizhang (China). No awards were given in the Young Professionals and Farmer Awards categories. The following is the summary of these award winning contributions.

 Australia’s NVIRP - The World’s Largest Irrigation Modernization Project The Northern Victoria Irrigation Renewal Project (NVIRP) and Rubicon Systems Australia are executing the world’s first, large scale irrigation modernization project in the Goulburn Murray Irrigation District (GMID) of Australia: A region that is responsible for approximately 25% of the state’s agricultural production. Peter McCamish Chairman, NVIRP has received the ICID WatSave Innovative Water Management Award 2012 for his outstanding contribution to water saving initiatives. The Northern Victoria Irrigation Renewal Project (NVIRP) was initiated by the Victorian Government to improve the region’s inefficient irrigation network, capture transmission water lost to the system and share these water savings between irrigators and the environment. The 6300 km irrigation channel network has been in operation for around 100 years and inefficiencies were compounded by record low rainfalls and long-term drought. The NVIRP is an enabling project, providing a modernized irrigation system that offers improved levels of service to its customers who can leverage further on-farm efficiencies and increased productivity and profitability. The NVIRP is responsible for planning, designing and delivering a program of works including new irrigation technology developed by Rubicon Systems, Australia, including innovative regulator gates such as FlumeGatesTM and a Total Channel Control (TCC®) system. This technology is being installed throughout the extensive irrigation channel network and adjacent farms and enables unprecedented water delivery, measurement and management accuracy as well as a fully automated process to deliver water and monitor water use. The modernized system is also providing water to irrigator’s near on demand and at higher and consistent flow rates facilitating increased opportunities to optimize onfarm water use efficiency and productivity.

ICID  Annual Report 2012-13

The project is being delivered with the cooperation of multiple stakeholders including three tiers of government. NVIRP is working closely with local governments and the local government water authority (Goulburn Murray Water) to deliver the project on the ground to produce the water savings and is also working closely with the Australian Commonwealth Government, which has last year committed over AUD $1 billion to the project. So far, NVIRP has led the installation of over 2716 Rubicon gates and major control structures, as well as the installation of 117 km of channel lining and decommissioning of over 1000 metered outlets. From 2008 until now, water savings have been mainly realized from the main trunk ‘backbone’ works, where around 3000 km of the main channels have been modernized with automatic SCADA controlled regulators, new mag meters and a small amount of channel remediation works. Removing largely redundant assets assists in reducing system water losses, increases operational efficiency and reduces ongoing operations and maintenance costs increasing the overall affordability of the scheme for current and future generations of irrigators. NVIRP, has the target of delivering 429 GL*/yr LTCE (Long Term Cap Equivalent) of water savings by the 2017-18 irrigation season. The technology to save water and the lessons learnt over the four years of the project can be transported into catchment areas and irrigation regions throughout Australia and more broadly around the world. The program has already shown evidence of achieving water savings through the reduction of channel seepages and leakages, meter error, inefficient operation and exceeded savings targets in its first independent audit in 2009. Visitors from all over Australia and the world have commented on the advanced nature of the irrigation technology and they hope to develop similar systems in their home countries. The NVIRP is a two stage AUD $2 billion project aims to implement water distribution and delivery efficiency improvements in generating an estimated average of 429 Gigalitres* (GL) of annual water savings by 2017-18. So far water saving of 109 Gigalitres per year has been achieved. Water savings generated by the NVIRP project are intern being independently audited in conformance with a Technical Manual which itself has established world’s best practice in terms of providing a methodology for reliably quantifying water savings as a result of specific works and measures. Management Authority to support other water savings projects such as on-farm efficiency programs which leverage off the benefits of a modernized distribution system. It is expected that Irrigation modernization works over the ten year program will reduce system water losses and generate savings to benefit both the environment and consumptive water users.

*1000 gigalitres = 1 billion cubic meters

 Controlled Irrigation Technology of Rice Cultivation Prof. Peng Shizhang and his team at Hoai University of China have researched and promoted a Controlled Irrigation Technology. The technology saves irrigation water, increases grain yield, enhances rice quality; reduce agricultural non-point pollution and greenhouse gases emission from paddy fields. Rice provides about 80% of food requirement of more than half of the world’s 8 billion people. Rice accounts for 40-46% of the net crop irrigated area in Asia. Global annual water withdrawals for irrigated rice fields are estimated at 1038 billion cubic meters (BCM), which is about 39% of all total water withdrawals for irrigation. Rice is a major staple food crop in China and is presently grown on 30 million ha. With rapidly growing water demand by industrial, power,

ICID  Annual Report 2012-13

and domestic sectors, the Chinese Government has been significantly investing and promoting various water saving technologies and measures in irrigated agriculture. The country has been at the forefront in researching water saving methods in rice irrigation and in adopting those on large-scale. The decreasing availability of water for irrigated rice is threatening food security in Asia including China. Therefore researchers have been looking for ways to ‘produce more rice with less water’. Controlled irrigation (CI) is new and widely adopted water saving irrigation technology of rice cultivation in China. Since 1984, Prof. Peng Shizhang and his team have been engaged in researching the CI technology. Prof. Shizhang defined the lower limits of root layer soil moisture in different growth periods, and formed a practical model of CI technology. The irrigation thresholds of the technology were determined based on sensitivity of rice to soil moisture condition and water requirement at different growth stages. A set of field characterization indicators for different rice growth stages were established. For example, when the tread does not trap the foot and cracks of about 10 mm wide appears in the paddy fields during the late tillering stage, irrigation should be applied until the soil moisture reaches to saturation level in the observed root zone. After the re-greening stage of rice crop, there is no need of ponding of water. In case of rainfall, ponding of water up to 5 cm depth can be maintained for less than 5 days so as to take full advantage of the available rainfall. In large irrigation district, controlled irrigation technology can also be implemented based on management of the irrigation frequency and irrigation duration. Under CI technology, the transpiration and evaporation of rice were reduced by 20-44% and 8-22%, respectively compared to traditional irrigation method. Similarly, seepage and water use in paddy fields were decreased by 38-61% and 29-37%, respectively compared with traditional irrigation method. The yield and water use efficiency of rice under controlled irrigation method was increased by 3-12% and 47-74% respectively, compared with traditional irrigation method. Application of the CI technology not only leads to reduction in irrigation water, increase in yield, enhancement of rice quality, but also results in the reduction of nitrogen, phosphorus losses and methane emission from paddy fields by 80%, 65% and over 80%, respectively. The CI technology has been widely adopted in irrigation districts of more than ten provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions providing significant economic and social benefits. Besides water saving, improvement in the fertilizer use efficiency and reduction in the non-point source pollution from paddy fields compared to traditional irrigation were observed. Since 1990, the controlled irrigation technology has been adopted over 3 million ha of rice grown area, saved about 9 BCM of water and increased the rice grain production by about 1.6 million tones, annually. The Controlled Irrigation method was widely applied in rice irrigation districts of Jiangsu Province, Heilongjing Province and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of China. There is a potential to expand the controlled irrigation technology to over 50% of China’s rice grown area.

B OX 3

How Controlled Irrigation (CI) Technology is Different from Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) Method of Rice Irrigation?

The CI technology is quite different from Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) later developed by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). In case of AWD, irrigation is applied to maintain a ponding water depth of 50 mm in the field and the lower threshold for irrigation is 150 mm water level beneath the field surface. In the controlled irrigation technology, 10-30 mm water depth is maintained in regreening stage. In other stages, the upper threshold of irrigation is the saturated soil moisture in observed root zone, the lower threshold are the combination of 60-80% of saturated soil moisture at different rice growth stages. Irrigation is applied only when the soil moisture approaches the threshold for irrigation so as to keep the soil saturated.

ICID  Annual Report 2012-13

B. An Overview of Irrigation Mosaics: Award Winning Paper of the Irrigation and Drainage Journal The Best Paper Award for the year 2012 was given to the outstanding paper titled “An Overview of Irrigation Mosaics” published in Issue 60.4 of Irrigation and Drainage – the Journal of ICID in 2011 by Zahra Paydar, Freeman Cook, Emmanuel Xevi, and Keith Bristow from Australia. The paper states that discrete patches of irrigated land dispersed across the landscape, may offer an alternative to traditional large-scale contiguous irrigation systems. This might be particularly attractive as a means of delivering improved social and economic opportunities for some rural and remote communities as well as better matching land use opportunities with landscape properties. The longer-term environmental impacts of irrigation mosaics that may impair the sustainability of an irrigation scheme and the surrounding area are still largely unknown. However, there are findings from ecological and hydrological studies of other mosaics that can help with analysis of irrigation mosaics. The paper provides an overview of some biophysical aspects of irrigation mosaics, lessons learnt from other mosaics (e.g. landscape and farming system mosaics) and the potential environmental impacts of irrigation mosaics. Application of some tools for particular groundwater conditions indicates some of these impacts compared to traditional large-scale systems. Irrigation mosaics could have both negative (more evaporation and water use, increased operational losses and costs) and positive (filtering surplus nutrients, enhanced biodiversity, preventing erosion, reduced area of impact around the irrigation area, lower groundwater table rise) effects on the environment. The award consists of a citation plaque and either US$ 500 in cash, or US$ 800 worth of Wiley books from M/s. Wiley-Blackwell (UK), the publisher of ICID Journal.

C. Launch of World Irrigation and Drainage Prize ICID has been promoting sustainable irrigation and enhanced agriculture production to achieve food security around the world. ICID has instituted the World Irrigation and Drainage Prize (WID Prize) to recognize the work of dedicated professionals and institutions who have actively contributed to the development of ‘Irrigation and Drainage’ ensuring increased agricultural production at national, regional and international level. The WID Prize will be conferred upon an individual, a group of individuals or an institution without any discrimination whatsoever on the grounds of nationality, religion, race, gender, age or political belief. The Prize which includes a cash award of US $10,000 and a ‘Citation Plaque’ shall be awarded every three years during the triennial World Irrigation Forum (WIF) commencing from 2013. The maiden WID Prize would be presented during the First World Irrigation Forum scheduled to be held from 29 September to 3 October 2013 at Mardin, Turkey. The candidates nominated for this prize shall have made exceptionally significant contribution through innovations in the field of irrigation and drainage by way of (a) research,(b) management, (c) technical services, (d) advocacy, (e) operationalization of innovations, and (f) sensitization of decision makers and public; resulting in increased agriculture production, at national, regional and/ or international level.

D. ICID Scholarship to Young Professionals To encourage young professionals to better understand and appreciate the complexities of water sector in general and irrigation and drainage in particular, ICID volunteered sponsoring young professionals for higher learning, especially to e-courses. This year, ICID has sponsored three Young Professionals –Esmaeel Bayat and Nima Najafi from Iran, and Krishna Prasad Rijal from Nepal to participate in the online course ‘Service Oriented Management of Irrigation Systems (SOMIS)’ organized by UNESCO-IHE from 1 March to 5 July 2013. The SOMIS is a full distance learning course with a workload of 140 hours (8 hours a week). The course is designed for mid-level irrigation professionals and water managers who are engaged or aspire to engage into sustainable, serviceoriented, and participatory management of irrigation systems.

ICID  Annual Report 2012-13

Photo by Rushikesh

DISSEMINATION & COMMUNICATION

CID disseminates knowledge and information related to irrigation, drainage and flood management among its members and all stakeholders through integration of information and communication technologies like internet/ website, publications- soft and print format, and social media like Facebook, etc. ICID website has been revamped during the year under report to make it more user friendly and resourceful. ICID ‘Irrigation and Drainage Journal’ is a flagship publication of ICID and has become popular among researchers, scientists, professionals, students and planners. Periodicals like newly introduced weekly e-Bulletin has received appreciation from many, besides the monthly News Update and the quarterly ICID News. ICID brings out special publication as an outcome of the workbody activities. National Committees also bring out publications of their specific interest, besides Newsletters, Journals in their local languages. Recently, ICID has taken up the task of digitization of its major publications and these e-publications will be easily and freely accessible to all its members soon.

A. ICID WEBSITE The ICID website provides instant access to a wide range of information on irrigation, drainage, and flood management. In January 2013, the website underwent a major revamp to meet the requirements not only of our members but the public at large and to make it more user friendly. Besides new design and layout, many new sections and features have been introduced, such as:      

Introduced ‘Themes’ section with widely used irrigation and drainage terms Text Delivery Service (TDS) expanded as “Integrated Library Management System (ILMS) Members Only Login section introduced Google translation facility on all pages ICID YouTube channel for collecting videos Slide Share account created to share important PowerPoint presentations made at various ICID events  The Advertisers Catalogue provides a platform to manufacturers, institutions, consultancy organizations to display their company profile  The website, updated on regular basis receives a good number of hits with an average of 18,500 hits per month

ICID  Annual Report 2012-13

In addition some 20 workbody websites are operational through ICIDONLINE.ORG domain name and LinkedIn group for WG-ENV has been set up since 2010 (www.linkedin.com). WG-DRG Chairman Dr. W. F. Vlotman also launched an ‘Agricultural Drainage Group’ via the LinkedIn as a professional network and is open for discussion to all persons. ICID made its presence on ‘Facebook’ a popular social networking service for informal communication between members with common interest and thereby promoting their activities. All are invited to actively join this platform <http://www.facebook.com/icidat>. The Working Group on Young Professionals Forum (WG-YPF) is also available on ‘Facebook’ at <http://www.facebook.com/icid. ypf>. The YPFs have also created some accounts in other social networking platforms like tweeter and Slide Share to facilitate networking between young professionals.

B. PUBLICATIONS Dissemination of technical knowledge and current information related to irrigation and drainage among the professionals across the world remains the core ICID mission objective. This is achieved through various publications like ICID Journal “Irrigation and Drainage’, e-Bulletin, News Update, Newsletter, Position Papers, Synthesis Reports, Special publications, and Proceedings of Congresses, Workshops etc. A list of recent ICID publications is shown in Annex 3. The Regional Working Groups and the National Committees too contribute richly to the knowledge diffusion. Brief information of the key publications brought out during 2012-13 is as below:

Weekly e-Bulletin One of the initiatives of the 2012 is the e-Bulletin - a weekly compilation of important and latest news items on agriculture, climate change, drainage, droughts, floods, food security, irrigation and water resources management across the world. It also includes information on forthcoming events, latest publications, editorials and opinions and employment opportunities that might be of interest to the ICID fraternity. The brief news items are hyperlinked and direct the reader to the detailed news item. Fifty two issues of ICID e-Bulletin were compiled and prepared during the year and sent through e-mail to ICID National Committees, Office-Bearers, Workbody Members, International Organizations (IOs), and other subscribers. e-Bulletin is also available on ICID website <www.icid. org> for the online visitors along with back issues. All National Committees are encouraged to provide the contact details of their members and interested institutions, so that the e-Bulletin could be supplied to all of them directly from the Central Office.

Monthly News Update The News Update is a monthly e-publication of ICID that provides update on the progress made on various decisions taken by IEC and covers current news from National Committees, brief reports of the visits of the President and other Office Bearers of ICID, outcomes of the national/regional level workshops, meetings, visitors to the Central Office, announcement of ICID and related events, international workshops, training courses etc. Recently, a new feature “Know your National Committee” has been started. All the past issues of the News Update since 2012 can be viewed at www.icid.org.

Quarterly ICID News The ICID News is published quarterly and includes short invited technical articles of current interests relating to irrigation, drainage, and flood management from eminent professionals within and outside ICID. The ICID News also covers outcome/ report of the key ICID events, and also provides a space for commercial adverts. President ICID provides his message for the ICID News. Some of the articles published during April 2012 – March 2013 are:  Managing Limited Water Resources for Agriculture in Morocco, by Dr. Redouane ChoukrAllah, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, Agadir, Morocco

ICID  Annual Report 2012-13

 Challenges of Irrigation Development in Brazil, by Prof. L. N. Rodrigues, Embrapa Cerrados,

Brazil  Water Resources and Irrigation Development in Turkey, by Dr. Hüseyin GŰNDOĞDU, DSI,

Turkey  Controlled Irrigation Technology of Rice Cultivation, by Prof. Peng Shizhang, China  Australia’s NVIRP -The World’s Largest Irrigation Modernization Project, by Peter    

McCamish, NVIRP, Australia From Water Problems to Water Solutions, by Jeremy Bird, IWMI Agriculture Drainage: Success Story of Egypt, by Dr. Ashraf El Sayed Ismail, DRI, Egypt Dujiangyan Irrigation System: A Heritage of Water Wisdom, by Avinash C. Tyagi, ICID Private Sector Stewardship in Agricultural Water Management, by Ms. Shweta Tyagi, India Water Foundation, New Delhi

Past issues (since 2009) of the ICID News can be accessed at www.icid.org. Print copies of ICID News are sent by post to all National Committees, Office Bearers, international organizations and many individuals on request.

ICID Journal The ICID Journal ‘Irrigation and Drainage’ is a peer-reviewed specialized international flagship publication of ICID. It publishes peer reviewed papers on all scientific, engineering, environmental and socio-economic issues associated with irrigation, drainage and flood management. It is a rich resource of references to professionals, engineers, researchers, university professors and students of irrigation, drainage, and agriculture disciplines. Since 2002, ‘Irrigation and Drainage’ is entered under the number ISSN 1531-0353 and appears in the categories Water Resources and Agronomy. The Journal is published through M/s. Wiley-Blackwell (UK) since the last 12 years. The management is governed by an international Editorial Board (EB-JOUR) chaired by Pres. Hon. Prof. Dr. Bart Schultz (The Netherlands). The Journal is published in five issues per year plus extra ‘Special Issues’ focusing on the current topics of significance. In 2012, two special issues were published i.e. ‘Groundwater governance: Learning from local experiences’ (Volume 61, Issue S1), and ‘Rainwater Harvesting’ (Volume 61, Issue S2). In total, 268 authors originating from 30 countries / committee have published their papers in the 2012 issues. The Journal is widely distributed among ICID members and others. Each National Committee gets 10 free copies of the Journal besides free online access for all Office Bearers and workdbody members. Additional copies of the Journal can be made available at subsidized rates to ICID members. The Journal is accessible online at more than 4000 institutes worldwide. The full text of the Journal is available through Wiley Online Library (http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/ (ISSN)1531-0361) for all issues published from 2001 to date. Access to abstracts is freely available to all guest users, with viewing of full text papers and Early View papers limited to paid subscribers only. All papers have linkage to other Cross Reference papers from the reference lists. Under the Research4Life programme local, not-for-profit institutions of select countries are encouraged to register for access to Irrigation and Drainage for free under AGORA (agora@fao.org) and OARE (oare@ oaresciences.org).

C. SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS 

Asian Regional Task Force for Climate Change (ARTF-CC), 2012, Climate Change Adaptation for Irrigation and Drainage in Asia – Report of the Task Force, ICID, New Delhi



Egyptian National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage (ENCID), 2012, Agricultural Drainage Needs and Future Priorities, Proceedings of the 11th ICID International Drainage Workshop, 23-27 September 2012, Cairo, Egypt (CD-ROM)

ICID  Annual Report 2012-13

D. NATIONAL COMMITTEE PUBLICATIONS BANCID, Bangladesh 

Bangladesh National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage, Annual Newsletter, 2012

INCSW, India 

Sahu, G.C. and Das, G.N., 2012, “Hirakud: Its Background and Performance”, Indian National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage, New Delhi

INACID, Indonesia 

Gany, A.H. A., 2012, “Irrigation Tunneling in Ancient Indonesia”, Indonesian National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage, Indonesia

IRNCID, Iran 



Pazira Ebrahim, 2012, “Conservation of Physical Resources for Agricultural Production Soil and Water”, Iranian National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage, No. 150, 268 pages. Abbasi Fariborz, 2012, “Principles of Flow in Surface Irrigation”, Agricultural Engineering Research Institute, and Iranian National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage, No. 152, 232 pages.

KCID, Korea  

Korean National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage, 2012, “KCID Magazine”, Vol. 49, No. 3, and Vol. 50, No. 9 Korean National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage, 2012, “KCID Journal”, Vol. 19, No. 1&2

ICID.UK, United Kingdom 

British National Committee of ICID (ICID.UK), 2012, “News & Views”, summer issue, No. 53

E. TECHNICAL LIBRARY The Central Office library has technical books, reports, proceedings, and periodicals, besides ICID’s own publications. The Library receives about 25 periodicals on complimentary basis. With the acquisition of 151 new books during the period 1 April 2012 to 31 March 2013, the Library has acquired 32,176 technical reference documents. It also has a collection of about 55 video cassettes and 492 CD-ROMs on various aspects of development, operation, maintenance, and rehabilitation of irrigation works. The ICID Central Office Technical Library has introduced new online library software on ICID website (www.icid.org). All ICID publications including the technical books, reports, proceedings, and workshops, etc. are being digitized. The service would be beneficial for all ICID members and National Committees as this would provide easy access to all ICID publication.

ICID  Annual Report 2012-13

FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT The International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID) is the leading scientific, technical, professional and not-for-profit international organization in the fields of irrigation, drainage, and flood management. Commission’s major funding comes from subscription of its member countries and a small portion of the revenue is desired from the contribution made by the host National Committee of ICID events by sharing part of the registration fee. Currently, ICID network is spread over about 100 countries of which 58 are active member countries. In 2012, ICID launched a new category of membership called as ‘Direct members’ for private companies, institutions and individuals. The overall finances of the Commission are managed by Secretary General under the overall direction of the International Executive Council (IEC) which is assisted by the Permanent Finance Committee (PFC) in all financial matters of the Commission and aspects having significant financial implications. PFC reviews the receipts and expenditures, advise the Council on the previous year’s accounts and on the budget for the coming three years. It makes recommendations on the annual subscriptions and other support of the participating countries for the current and future years. The Committee also recommends to the Council, from time to time, ways and means of improving the financial resources of the Commission to meet the financial requirements for undertaking different programs and activities emanating from the other workbodies. The PFC is chaired by Vice Pres. Hon. Dr. Saeed Nairizi (Iran). Commission’s Account is audited on an annual basis by an auditor appointed by IEC as per the Indian Accounting and Assurance Standards complying the Foreign Contribution Regulation (FCRA) Act 2010, and Income Tax Act 1961. The Financial Statement of consolidated Receipts and payments accounts for the Financial Year 1 April 2012 to 31 March 2013 is shown in Sheet 5.

ICID  Annual Report 2012-13

Sheet 5

Financial Statement Income and Expenditure Account (1 April 2012 to 31 March 2013) 2012-13 (Rs.)

2011-12 (Rs.)

INCOME Membership Subscription

1,35,14,736

85,84,344

Publications

10,68,405

7,11,751

Conference Support

29,09,522

46,07,192

Interest

33,33,293

8,46,506

Other Receipts

37,10,775

14,02,694

1,00,15,247

1,00,15,248

Let out property Rent Increse / (-) decrease in stock of publications

-73,574

1,22,737

3,44,78,404

2,62,90,472

Salary & Retirement Dues

1,71,75,291

1,50,06,436

Services and Maintenance

29,95,592

22,22,207

Property Tax and Utilities

22,28,991

38,11,766

Rehabilitation/ refurbishing

22,57,443

1,73,152

ICID Journal

20,81,808

16,95,005

Printing and Distribution

11,05,422

5,25,326

Conference Expenditure

4,93,009

10,55,904

Total Income EXPENDITURE

Subscriptions to other organizations

48,960

9,83,872

16,14,475

Depreciation

11,73,030

3,74,571

Other expenditure

2,081,564

1,18,832

Total Expenditure

Travel Expenditure

3,25,76,022

2,66,46,634

SURPLUS/ (-) DEFICIT

19,02,382

-3,56,162

Transferred to Gratuity fund

-3,00,000

Transferred to Superannuition fund

-7,50,000

8,52,382

-3,56,162

Fixed Assets

76,56,328

84,16,941

Receivables

88,70,877

65,02,601

6,41,280

7,36,495

NET SURPLUS/ (-) DEFICIT Balance Sheet as on 31st March 2013 ASSETS

Stock of Publications Cash at Bank & in Hand

3,54,66,948

3,41,89,468

Total Assets

5,26,35,433

4,98,45,505

General Fund

3,45,02,731

3,36,50,349

Gratuity Fund

35,37,664

31,33,168

Special Fund Receipts

18,63,132

LIABILITIES

Dictionary Fund

6,60,595

6,35,769

Advance Rent (Yes Bank)

30,86,520

Security Deposit from Tenant

61,00,000

6,61,479

22,23,312

25,78,220

5,26,35,433

4,98,45,505

Wat Save Award Fund Subscription Received in Advance Total Liabilities

ICID ď Ź Annual Report 2012-13

ANNEX

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS More than 200 professionals from 46 countries contribute to various Committees, Working Groups, Task Forces, and Work Teams directly. We thank all our members who work voluntarily by devoting their valuable time in promoting the mission of ICID.

Australia

Mr. V.C. Ballard (WG-ENV; WG-DROUGHT)

Dr. Hsiao Wen Wang (WG-SDTA) as Young Professional

Mr. Kim Russell (WG-CLIMATE)

Prof. Chang-Chi Cheng (WG-DROUGHT)

Ms. Anne Currey (C-PR&P)

Dr. Chen, Ching-Tien (WG-ON-FARM)

Dr. Brian Davidson (TF-FIN)

Dr. Yu-Chuan, Chang (WG-POVERTY)

Mr. Ian Atkinson (PFC; C-CONGR )

Prof. Dr. Yih-Chi Tan (WG-ENV; EB-JOUR)

Dr. Tapas Kumar Biswas (WG-PQW) VPH Dr. W.F. Vlotman (Chair, WG-DRG; Vice Chair, PCTA; PCSO) VPH Prof. Dr. Hector Malano (Joint Editor, EBJOUR) Austria

Ing. F.M. Cate (ERWG)

Bangladesh

Engr. Md. Ahasan Ullah (WG-SDTA)

Brazil

Ing. Helvecio Mattana Saturnino (TF-BIOENERGY)

Canada

Mr. Francois Chretien (WG-ON-FARM) VP Laurie C. Tollefson (Chair, TF-BIO-ENERGY; Vice Chair, WG-CROP; WG-POVERTY; PCSO)

Croatia

Mr. Davoz Romic (ERWG)

Cyprus

Mr. Nicos Tsiourtis (ERWG)

Czech Republic

Dr. S. Matula (ERWG)

Egypt

Dr.(Mrs.) Shaden Abdel-Gawad (WG-ENV) Dr. Magdi T. Abdelhamid (WG-CROP; WG-PQW) VPH Dr. M.H. Amer (Chair, WG-WATS; WG-DRG) VPH Dr. Samia El-Guindy, (Chair, WG-PQW; AFRWG)

Estonia

Mr. Mati Tonismae (ERWG; WG-DRG)

Finland

Mr. Osmo Antero Purhonen (WG-ENV) Ms. Helena Aijo (WG-DRG)

Mrs. Isabelle M. Proulx P. Eng. (Associate Editor, EB-JOUR) PH Prof. Dr. Chandra Madramootoo (TF-WWF7) China

Mr. Olli-Matti Verta (Secretary, ERWG; WG-CAFM) France

Dr. Hu Heping (WG-ENV; WG-CLIMATE)

Mr. B. Vincent (Secretary, WG-PQW; WG-DRG; WG-IDSST; EB-JOUR)

Mr. Gao Lihui (WG-YPF) Mrs. Xuming Tan (WG-HIST) Mr. Yan Guanyu (WG-ON-FARM)

Dr. Marcel Kuper (EB-JOUR) Germany

Mr. Wang Xiaodong (ASRWG)

Dr. Klaus-Dieter Vorlop (ERWG)

President Dr. Gao Zhanyi (MB)

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Klaus Röttcher (Vice-Chair, WGCAFM; WG-HIST; EB-JOUR)

Prof. Zhang Zhanyu (WG-SDTA) Hungary

VPH Dr. Laszlo Hayde (Chair, ERWG; WG-HIST; PCSO)

India

Mr. S.M. Belsare (TF-BIO-ENERGY)

Dr. Yingduo Yu (C-PR&P) Mr. Hao Zhao (PFC) Dr. Fuqiang Tian (TF-BIO-ENERGY) Dr. Li Jiusheng (EB-JOUR) Chinese Taipei

Mr. Hung Kwai Chen (WG-DRG) Mr. Yih-Rong, Chen (WG-CROP) Prof. Hsieh-Yang Hsu (C-PR&P) Mr. Sheng-Feng, Kuo (ASRWG) Prof. Wen-Pin Shu (WG-HIST) Dr. Ruey-Chy Kao (Chair, WG-SDTA) Mr. Ray Shyan Wu (Secretary, WG-CLIMATE)

Mr. Jano Anter (WG-ON-FARM) Ms. Sabine Seidel (ERWG) as Young Professional

Mrs. Gao Hong (WG-CROP)

Dr. Ding Kunlun (WG-PQW)

VP Mr. Francois Brelle (PFC; PCSO; TF-WWF7) Dr. Sylvain Perret (Chair, WG-ENV; Secretary, TF-FIN)

Mr. Yuanhua Li (WG-WATS)

Dr. Gurubachan Singh (WG-DRG) Mr. V.K. Chawla (WG-WATS; TF-FIN) Mr. Piyush Ranjan (WG-YPF) Mr. Yogesh Paithankar (WG-HIST) Dr. A.K. Randev (Secretary, WG-ON-FARM) Dr. K.K. Kanikicharla (WG-CLIMATE) Dr. K. Yella Reddy (Secretary, WG-CROP) Mr. C.K. Agrawal (WG-ENV) Mr. R.C. Jha (Vice Chair, WG-POVERTY) Mr. A.K. Ganju ( C-PR&P)

ICID  Annual Report 2012-13

Mr. G.S. Purba (WG-CAFM)

Indonesia

Korea

Dr. Kota Tirupataiah (ASRWG)

Mr. Joong-Dae, Choi (WG-ENV)

Dr. T.B.S. Rajput (WG-DROUGHT)

Dr. Park Kiwook (WG-SDTA; WG-DROUGHT)

VPH Mr. A.K. Bajaj (PCTA; PFC; PCSO)

Mr. Jin-Soo Kim (WG-CAFM)

Mr. S. Siswoko (ASRWG)

Dr. Sung Hee Lee (WG-YPF)

Ir. Fabian Priandani (Vice Chair, WG-YPF)

Prof. Sun-Joo Kim (WG-ON-FARM)

Dr. Roestam Sjarief (WG-CLIMATE)

Dr. Jeong-Woo, Na (WG-HIST)

Prof. Budi Santoso Wignyosukarto (WG-SDTA)

VPH Prof. Soon-kuk Kwun (EB-JOUR)

Dr. Momon Sodik Imanudin (WG-DRG)

VP Prof. Tai Cheol Kim (Chair, C-CONGR; Vice Chair, ASRWG; PCSO; WG-CROP; TF-WWF7)

VPH Dr. A. Hafied A. Gany (WG-HIST) Iran

Mr. Ardavan Azari (WG-DRG) Dr. Homan Khaledi (WG-YPF)

Lithuania

Dr. Antanas Maziliauskas (ERWG)

Malaysia

Mr. Mohd Yazid bin Abdullah (WG-ON-FARM) Ms. Hayati Binti Zainal (Secretary, WG-YPF)

Mr. Yaser Barghi (Chair, WG-YPF)

Ir. Hj. Nor Hisham bin Mohd Ghazali (WG-SDTA)

Mr. Hassan Shantia (WG-ON-FARM)

Prof. Ir. Dr. Mohd Amin bin Mohd Soom (ASRWG; WG-CROP; EB-JOUR)

Dr. K. Emami (Chair, WG-HIST; WG-CAFM; Convener, TF-VE)

PH Ir. Hj. Keizrul bin Abdullah (WG-DRG)

Mr. Ezatollah Farhadi (TF-FIN ) Mr. E. Farahani (WG-POVERTY)

Mali

Mr. Mohammad Sadegh Jafari (Vice-Chair, WGDROUGHT) Ms. Jaleh Vaziri (WG-CROP)

Mexico

Dr. Benjamin de León Mojarro (WG-DROUGHT; Associate Editor, EB-JOUR)

Nepal

Mr. Uttam Raj Timilsina (ASRWG; TF-BIOENERGY)

VPH Dr. K. Shiati (Chair, ASRWG; WG-PQW; WGCLIMATE) Mr. Mehrzad Ehsani (Vice-Chair, WG-WATS)

Ms. Ezee G.C. (WG-YPF) The Netherlands

Dr. Mohammad Javad Monem (EB-JOUR) VPH Dr. S. Nairizi (Chairman, PFC) Iraq

Mr. Ahmed Aziz (WG-ENV)

Ireland

Mr. John Martin (ERWG)

Italy

Dr. Graziano Ghinassi (PCTA; WG-ON-FARM; WGDROUGHT)

Dr. Bert Toussaint (Secretary, WG-HIST) Dr. Pol Hakstege (ERWG) Ir. Paul van Hofwegen (Emeritus, EB-JOUR) PH Prof. Dr. Bart Schultz (Chair, EB-JOUR; C-PR&P; PFC; TF-WWF7) Prof. Dr. Ir. Nick C. Van de Giesen (Associate Editor, EB-JOUR)

Dr. Nobumasa Hatcho (Vice-Chair, WG-ENV; WGHIST; WG-IDSST) Niger

Mr. Moussa Amadou (WG-POVERTY)

Pakistan

Mr. Syed Raghib Abbas Shah (PFC) VP Mr. Husnain Ahmed (PCTA; PCSO)

Dr. Koji Inosako (WG-CROP)

Prof. Rai Niaz Ahmed (WG-ON-FARM; WG-CROP)

Dr. Tsugihiro Watanabe (Vice Chair, WG-CLIMATE)

Dr. Muhammad Arshad (WG-WATS)

Dr. Takanori Nagano (WG-DROUGHT; WG-PQW)

Dr. M.N. Bhutta (WG-DRG)

Mr. Akira Nakazawa (PFC)

VPH Engr. Dr. I.B. Shaikh (WG-HIST; WG-ENV)

Dr. Akira Iwamoto (WG-ON-FARM)

Dr. Muhammad Latif (EB-JOUR)

Dr. Kazumi Yamaoka (Vice Chair, TF-FIN) Prof. Dr. Yohei Sato (WG-POVERTY; EB-JOUR) Dr. Takao Masumoto (Secretary, WG-CAFM; Associate Editor, EB-JOUR) VPH Prof. Shinsuke Ota (Chair, TF-WWF7; ASRWG; WG-DRG)

ICID  Annual Report 2012-13

Dr. Abraham M. Haile (Secretary, WG-DROUGHT; WG-ON-FARM)

Ir. Henk P. Ritzema (Vice-Chair, WG-SDTA)

Prof. Daniele de Wrachien (Associate Editor, EBJOUR)

Prof. Dr. Masayoshi Satoh (PCTA)

Mr. Marcel Marchand (WG-CAFM)

Prof. (Mrs.) L. Vincent (WG-POVERTY)

Dr. Anna Tedeschi (Secretary, WG-PQW; WG-ENV)

Dr. Kazuaki Hiramatsu (Secretary, WG-SDTA)

VP Dr. Adama Sangare (PCSO; WG-POVERTY) Mr. Aliou Bamba (Vice Chair, AFRWG)

Mr. M.K. Siahi (WG-ENV )

Japan

Mr. Sang-Ok, Chung (WG-DRG)

Portugal

Mr. P.E.P. Cunha Serra (ERWG)

Romania

Prof. dr. Ing. Ion Nicolaescu (ERWG)

Russia

Mrs. Irena Bondarik (ERWG) Dr. Irina G. Pankova (ERWG) as Young Professional Mr. Valery Vladimirovich Kalsky (WG-CROP)

Dr. Sergey Gorjachev (PFC) Dr. Nikoley G. Kovalev (PCTA)

United Kingdom

VP Dr. Ragab Ragab (Chair, PCSO; WG-CROP; WG-PQW; WG-DROUGHT) Mr. Charles L. Abernethy (WG-HIST)

Mr. Vladimir B. Kundius (WG-IDSST) Dr. Yurii Yanko (WG-DRG)

PH Mr. Peter S Lee (Chair, WG-POVERTY; C-PR&P; ERWG)

Slovenia

VPH Prof. B. Maticic (WG-CROP; WG-DRG; ERWG)

Dr. Bruce Lankford (Associate Editor, EB-JOUR)

South Africa

Mr. Yacob Beletse (WG-YPF)

Ukraine

VPH Prof. Peter Kovalenko (Chair, WG-IDSST; Vice Chair, ERWG; WG-ON-FARM)

Ms. Mary Jean Gabriel (Secretary, WG-POVERTY) Dr. Michael van der Laan (Secretary, WG-ENV)

USA

Dr. Leon van Rensburg (WG-PQW)

Dr. James E. Ayars (Vice-Chair, PFC; WG-DRG) Mr. Mohan Reddy Junna (WG-ON-FARM)

Mr. A.T. van Coller (WG-DRG)

Mr. Maurice Roos (WG-CAFM)

Prof. Sue Walker (WG-CLIMATE)

Dr. (Ms.) Laura Schroeder (WG-POVERTY)

Dr. Neil Louis Lecler (WG-WATS)

Prof. R.G. Allen (WG-CROP)

Dr. Herman Booysen (WG-CAFM)

Spain

Ms. Kateryna Shatkovska (Secretary, IDSST)

Dr. Andrew J. Sanewe (Chair, AFRWG; WG-CROP)

VPH Dr. Mark Svendsen, (Chair, WG-CLIMATE; PCTA)

VPH Mr. F.B. Reinders (Chair, WG-ON-FARM; PCTA)

VPH Mr. Franklin E. Dimick (Chair, WGDROUGHT)

Prof. Machiel F. Viljoen (EB-JOUR) VP Dr. G.R. Backeberg (Chair, TF-FIN; PCSO)

VPH Mr. Larry D. Stephens (Chair, C-PR & P; Secretary, PCTA; EB-JOUR)

Dr. Nico Benade (WG-WATS)

Dr. Bryan P. Thoreson (Associate Editor, EB-JOUR)

Dr. Juan Antonio Rodriguez-Diaz (Secretary, WGWATS; WG-CLIMATE)

Prof. Dr. Kristoph-Dietrich Kinzli P.E. (Joint Editor, EB-JOUR)

VPH Mr. R. Segura-Graiño (WG-HIST; ERWG)

Uzbekistan

VPH Prof. V.A. Dukhovny (Deputy Chair, WGIDSST)

VPH Dr. Jose A. Ortiz Fdz.-Urrutia (WG-ONFARM; WG-ENV) Switzerland

Mr. Claude Alain Vullier (ERWG)

Tanzania

Eng. Raphael L. Daluti (Secretary, AFRWG)

Thailand

Mr. S. Maneepai (WG-HIST) Mr. Arthon Suttigarn (WG-CAFM; C-CONGR; ASRWG; WG-ENV) VP Mr. Chaiwat Prachawit (PCSO)

Turkey

Mr. Ahmet Şeren (WG-CAFM) as Young Professional Mr. Husan B. Yuksel (PCTA) Ms. Nurgül Üzücek (WG-DRG) Ms. Aysen Pervin (WG-CAFM) Dr. Gurhan Demir (WG-DROUGHT) Dr. Hakan Aksu (WG-DROUGHT) as Young Professional Mrs. Serpil Koylu (C-CONGR; PFC) Dr. Onder Okmen (WG-WATS) as Young Professional Ms. Nadide Demir (WG-WATS) VP Dr. Huseyin Gundogdu (PCSO) Dr. Aynur Fayrap (WG-ENV; ASRWG) Mrs. Ela Ekin (WG-HIST) Mr. Mehmet Sait Tahmiscioglu (WG-CLIMATE) Ms. Nur Kuru (WG-PQW)

ICID  Annual Report 2012-13

ANNEX

WORLD IRRIGATION & DRAINAGE DATA ICID has been compiling the data about irrigated and drained areas in its member countries based on the information provided by its National Committees. Wherever information from National Committee is not available, the data on irrigated area is taken from FAO-AQUASTAT. ICID is also compiling and updating data on sprinkler and micro irrigated areas in its member countries. Thanks are due to voluntary support of all its National Committees. World-wide, the area equipped for irrigation is about 318 million ha, while the actual irrigated area is about 300 million ha. The highest share of irrigated area is by emerging/ developing countries (78%), followed by developed countries (16%), and in the least developed countries (6%). On regional basis, the highest irrigated area is in Asia (72%) followed by Americas (15%), Europe (8%), and Africa (5%). As per the data compiled for 100 countries so far, the total drained area is 197 million ha. Collection of further details like drained area in rainfed and irrigated lands, waterlogged and saline areas in each country is being attempted. Due to increasing water scarcity, growing shortage and expensive farm labour, sprinkler and micro irrigation is expanding rapidly in many countries. As a result, worldwide, the micro irrigation coverage has increased from 3.0 million ha in 2000 to about 11 million ha in 2012. Presently, the sprinkler irrigation is used on 43 million ha. The micro irrigation is likely to grow faster in coming years, especially in arid and semi-arid countries. An updated data relating to worldwide irrigated area, sprinkler and micro irrigated areas, and drained area as compiled by ICID is included as Annex 2.1, 2.2, and 2.3, respectively.

ICID ď Ź Annual Report 2012-13

ANNEX

2.1

WORLD IRRIGATED AREA

Sl. No.

Country

Irrigated Area (million ha)

Reference Year

USA

24.74

20093

Spain

3.410

20101

France

2.900

20111

Italy

2.750

20071

Japan

2.469

20121

Australia

2.550

20112

Greece

1.555

20112

Romania

1.500

20081

Canada

1.053

20041

New Zealand

0.619

20112

Portugal

0.540

20112

0.516

D E V E L O PE D CO UNTRI ES

Germany

Netherlands

Denmark

Hungary

15 16

Sweden

Czech Rep.

Slovak Republic

Austria

0.486 0.435 0.208 0.164

0.153 0.135 0.117

2011 2011 2011 2004

2011 2011 2011

Indonesia

6.722

20112

Mexico

6.500

20112

Turkey

5.730

20121

Thailand

4.736

20111

Viet Nam

4.600

20112

Russia

4.500

20071

Brazil

4.453

20061

Uzbekistan

4.186

20131

Egypt

3.670

20112

Iraq

3.525

20112

Turkmenistan

1.869

20131

Saudi Arabia

1.731

20112

Argentina

1.650

20112

South Africa

1.600

20071

Philippines

1.520

20081

Korea, DP Rep

1.460

20112

Morocco

1.458

20112

Azerbaijan

1.430

20131

Syria

1.399

20112

Peru

1.196

20112

Kazakhistan

1.200

20131

Ukraine

1.100

20135

Chile

1.090

20071

Colombia

1.087

20112

Venezuela

1.055

20112

Kyrgyzstan

1.020

20131

Korea Rep.

1.010

20091

Ecuador

1.000

20112

Cuba

0.870

20112

Tajikistan

0.804

20131

Algeria

0.570

20112

Sri Lanka

0.570

20112

Libya

0.470

20112

Tunisia

0.459

20112

Georgia

0.433

20112

Malaysia

0.385

20091

Chinese Taipei

0.380

20091

2011

20112

Ireland

0.100

20101

Norway

0.090

20112

0.084

20101

Finland

0.080

20091

Cyprus

0.046

20112

Switzerland

0.040

20071

Belgium

0.023

20112

Slovenia

0.007

20111

Lithuania

0.004

20111

Malta

0.003

20112

0.001

2011

46.996 Reference Year

EME RG I NG / D E V E L O PI NG COU NTR IES

0.116

Irrigated Area (million ha)

20091

0.102

Country

8.990

Bulgaria

Sl. No.

Iran

Poland

Sub-Total

20091

Pakistan

Latvia

19.420

(Arranged in descending order of the irrigated area)

India

62.000

20101

Albania

0.331

20112

China

60.004

20101

Guatemala

0.315

20112

ICID ď Ź Annual Report 2012-13

Dominican Rep.

0.307

20112

Bahrain

0.004

20112

Nigeria

0.293

20112

Belize

0.004

20112

Moldova Rep.

0.228

20112

Gabon

0.004

20112

Bosnia & Herzegovina

0.003

20112

Cape Verde

0.003

20112

Fiji Island

0.003

20112

St. Lucia

0.003

20112

Botswana

0.002

20112

China, H.Kong

0.002

20112

Congo, Rep.

0.002

20112

Estonia

0.002

20131

Bahmas

0.001

20112

Brunei Darsm

0.001

20112

Fr Polynesia

0.001

20112

100

St. Vincent

0.001

20112

Israel

0.225

2011

Uruguay

0.218

20112

Bolivia

0.175

20112

Zimbabwe

0.174

20112

Guyana

0.150

20112

Belarus

0.131

20112

Macedonia

0.128

20112

Costa Rica

0.108

20112

Kenya

0.103

20112

Jordan

0.096

20112

Serbia, Republic of

0.092

20112

United Arab Emirates

0.092

20112

Lebanon

0.090

20112 2

59 60

Honduras

0.088

2011

Mongolia

0.084

20112

Ivory Coast

0.073

20112 2

Paraguay

0.067

2011

Nicaragua

0.061

20112

Oman

0.059

20112

Surinam

0.057

20112

Swaziland

0.050

20112

El Salvador

0.045

20112

Panama

0.043

20112

Ghana

0.034

20112

Cameroon

0.029

20112

Jamaica

0.025

20112

Croatia

0.024

20112

Puerto Rico

0.022

20112

Mauritius

0.021

20112

Qatar

0.013

20112

Benin

0.012

20112

Kuwait

0.010

20112

New Caledonia

0.010

20112

Namibia

0.008

20112

Trinidad and Tobago

0.007

20112

Fr Guiana

0.006

Guadeloupe

84 85

Sub-Total

Sl. No.

232.009

Country

Irrigated Area (million ha)

Reference Year

LEAST DEVELOPED COUNTRIES 1

Bangladesh

5.217

20101

Afghanistan

3.208

20112

Myanmar

2.292

20112

Sudan

1.890

20112

Nepal

1.180

20121

Madagascar

1.086

20112

Yemen

0.680

20112

Ethiopia

0.539

20051

Cambodia

0.354

20112

Lao People DR

0.310

20112

Mali

0.236

20112

Somalia

0.200

20112

Tanzania

0.184

20112

Zambia

0.156

20112

Senegal

0.120

20112

Mozambique

0.118

20112

Haiti

0.097

20112

Angola

0.086

20112

Malawi

0.074

20112

0.006

20112

Niger

0.074

20112

Martinique

0.006

20112

Mauritania

0.045

20112

Barbados

0.005

20112

Bhutan

0.032

20112

ICID ď Ź Annual Report 2012-13

SUMMARY

Burkina Faso

0.030

20112

Chad

0.030

20112

Sierra Leone

0.030

20112

Guinea Bissau

0.025

20112

Sl. No.

Type of Country

Burundi

0.023

20112

Developed Countries

Eritrea

0.021

20112

Emerging/ Developing Countries

Uganda

0.014

20112

Least Developed Countries

0.010

Sao-Tome Prn.

2011

TOTAL

Irrigated Area (million ha)

Share (%)

47.00

15.7

232.01

78.1

18.39

6.2

297.40

100.0

Irrigated Area (million ha)

Share (%)

14.05

4.7

Rwanda

0.009

2011

Togo

0.007

20112

Gambia

0.005

20112

Lesotho

0.003

20112

Liberia

0.003

20112

Congo, Dem. R.

0.002

20112

Djibouti

0.001

20112

Sub-Total

(A) Country Category4

18.391

(B) Region- wise Sl. No.

Region

Africa

Americas

Asia and Oceania

46.51

15.6

213.78

72.0

Europe

23.06

07.7

TOTAL

297.40

100.0

Notes: 1

ICID data; 2FAO data (FAO Stat – FAO Statistics Division 2013); 3USGS – Estimated Use of Water in the United States in 2005

Bold and Italic: Active NCs Italic: Inactive NCs 4

Country Classification – World Economic Situation and Prospects (WESP), United Nations, 2012

Report – Land with Irrigated Network, Ukraine, 2013

ICID  Annual Report 2012-13

ANNEX

2.2

SPRINKLER AND MICRO IRRIGATED AREA (Arranged in descending order of the total sprinkler and micro irrigated area)

D E VELOP ED COU NTR IES Sr. No.

Country

Total irrigated area (million ha)

Sprinkler irrigation

Micro irrigation

Total sprinkler and micro irrigation

Share in total irrigated area (%)

Year of reporting

Hectares 1

USA

24.7

12,348,178

1,639,676

13,987,854

56.5

2009

Spain

3.47

782,508

1,658,317

2,440,825

70.3

2011

Italy

2.67

981,163

570,568

1,551,731

58.1

2010

France

2.9

1,379,800

103,300

1,483,100

51.1

2011

Australia

2.38

690,200

214,200

904,400

38.0

2005

Canada

1.053

683,029

6,034

689,063

65.4

2004

Germany

0.54

525,000

5,000

530,000

98.1

2005

Japan

2.47

430,000

60,000

490,000

19.8

2012

Romania

Slovak Republic

1.5

448,000

4,000

452,000

30.1

2008

0.313

310,000

2,650

312,650

99.9

2000

Hungary

0.22

185,000

7,000

192,000

87.3

2008

0.11

105,000

6,000

111,000

100.0

2005

Finland

0.07

60,000

10,000

70,000

100.0

2010

Portugal

0.63

40,000

25,000

65,000

10.3

1999

Bulgaria

0.588

21,000

3,000

24,000

4.1

2008

Czech Rep.

0.153

11,000

5,000

16,000

10.5

2007

Poland

0.1

5,000

8,000

13,000

13.0

2008

Slovenia

0.0073

8,072

733

8,805

100.0

2009

Lithuania

0.0044

4,463

100.0

2010

Estonia

0.002

100

500

600

30.0

2013

43.9

19,017,413

4,328,478

23,345,891

53.16

Sub-total

E ME RG I NG / DEVELOP ING COU NTR IES 1

India

60.9

3,044,940

1,897,280

4,942,220

8.1

2010

China

59.3

2,926,710

1,669,270

4,595,980

7.8

2009

Uzbekistan

4.223

4,300,000

2,000

4,302,000

100.0

2012

Brazil

4.45

2,313,008

327,866

2,640,874

59.3

2006

Russia

4.5

2,500,000

47,000

2,547,000

56.6

2012

Ukraine

2.18

2,450,000

52,000

2,502,000

100.0

2012

Kazakhstan

2.13

1,400,000

17,000

1,417,000

66.5

2012

Iran

8.7

744,000

547,000

1,291,000

14.8

2013

South Africa

1.67

920,059

365,342

1,285,401

77.0

2007

Turkey

5.73

680,000

340,000

1,020,000

17.8

2012

Saudi Arabia

Azerbaijan

Mexico

Korea Rep.

1.010

200,000

400,000

600,000

59.4

2009

Egypt

3.42

450,000

104,000

554,000

16.2

2000

Israel

0.231

60,000

170,000

230,000

99.6

2000

1.62

716,000

198,000

914,000

56.4

2004

1.433

610,000

100

610,100

42.6

2012

6.2

400,000

200,000

600,000

9.7

1999

ICID ď Ź Annual Report 2012-13

Morocco

1.65

189,750

8,250

198,000

12.0

2003

Moldova Rep.

0.228

145,000

15,000

160,000

70.2

2012

19 20

Syria

1.28

93,000

62,000

155,000

12.1

2000

Chile

1.09

16,000

23,000

39,000

3.6

2006

Chinese Taipei

0.38

18,850

8,750

27,600

7.3

2009

Phillipines

1.52

7,175

6,635

13,810

0.9

2004

Malaysia

0.38

2,000

5,000

7,000

1.8

2009

Macedonia

0.055

5,000

1,000

6,000

10.9

2008

Sub-total

174.2

24,191,592

6,466,993

30,658,585

17.60

48,643

88.4

2000 2012

L E AST DEVELOP ED COU NTR IES 1

Malawi

Nepal

0.055

Sub-total

43,193

5,450

1.18

5,000

0.4

1.235

43,193

5,450

53,643

4.34

SUMMARY (A) Country Category S.No.

Country

Total irrigated area (million ha)

Sprinkler irrigation

Micro irrigation

Total sprinkler and micro irrigation

Share in irrigated area (%)

(million ha)

(%)

(million ha)

(%)

(million ha)

(%)

43.9

19.0

44.0

4.3

40.0

23.4

43.2

53.2

Developed Countries

Emerging/ Developing Countries

174.2

24.2

55.9

6.5

59.9

30.7

56.7

17.6

Least Developed Countries

1.235

0.1

0.01

0.1

4.3

219.38

43.3

Total

10.81

54.1

24.6

(B) Region-wise S. No. Region

Africa

Americas

Asia and Oceania

Europe Total

Total irrigated area (million ha)

Sprinkler irrigation

Micro irrigation

Total sprinkler and micro irrigation

Share in irrigated area (%)

(million ha)

(%)

(million ha)

(%)

(million ha)

(%)

6.795

1.6

3.7

0.5

4.5

2.1

3.9

30.7

37.5

15.8

36.4

2.2

20.3

18.0

33.2

47.9

154.8

15.9

36.8

5.6

51.8

21.5

39.8

13.9

20.2

10.0

23.0

2.5

23.4

12.5

23.1

61.7

219.38

43.3

ICID ď Ź Annual Report 2012-13

10.8

54.1

24.60

ANNEX

2.3 Sl. No.

WORLD DRAINED AREA

Country

Arable land and permanent crops (million ha)

Total Drained drained area (%) area (million ha)

Reference year

D E V E L O PE D CO UNT RI E S 1

Australia

Austria

Belgium

44.37

2.17

4.89

20022

1.44

0.2

13.89

19972

8.05

0.87

0.07

1996

Belarus

5.64

3.0

53.19

19932

Bolivia

3.82

0.02

0.52

20002

Brazil

66.9

1.08

1.61

20061

Chile

0.78

0.035

4.49

20061

China

130.03

21.14

16.26

20081

Chinese Taipei

0.83

0.12

14.46

20091

Colombia

3.46

0.23

6.65

19892

Costa Rica

0.5

0.04

8.00

19992

Bulgaria

3.25

0.08

2.46

2000

Croatia

0.95

0.76

80.00

19902

Canada

67.5

9.46

14.01

20022

Cuba

3.97

0.33

8.31

19972

Cyprus

0.11

0.02

18.18

20002

Dominican Rep.

1.30

0.03

2.31

20002

Ecuador

2.50

0.05

2.0

19982

Czech Rep.

3.26

1.07

32.82

2011

Denmark

2.35

1.77

50.00

20121

Estonia

1.33

0.64

48.00

20131

Egypt

3.54

3.36

85.31

2011

Finland

2.26

2.5

110.62

2008

El Salvador

0.92

0.01

1.09

19972

France

19.33

3.00

15.52

20111

Fiji Island

0.25

0.01

4.00

20002

Germany

12.13

4.9

40.40

19932

Georgia

0.58

0.16

27.59

19962

Greece

3.23

0.52

16.10

20022

Guyana

0.45

0.15

33.33

19912

Hungary

4.8

2.3

47.92

20031

Honduras

1.43

0.06

4.20

19912

Ireland4

1.06

0.254

23.96

20101

India

169.32

5.8

3.43

19912

Italy

13.2

5.3

40.15

20051

Indonesia

37.10

3.35

9.03

19902

Japan

4.59

3.52

76.69

20101

Iran

18.55

0.22

1.18

20131

Latvia

1.18

1.58

133.90

19952

Iraq

5.45

1.54

28.26

20022

Lithuania5

2.68

2.58

96.27

20111

Israel

0.38

0.1

26.32

19872

Netherlands6

1.09

3.0

275.23

20101

Jordan

0.15

0.01

6.67

20083

Norwegian

1.02

0.61

20121

Kazakhstan

22.8

0.45

1.97

20131

Poland

12.97

4.21

32.46

19992

Kenya

5.8

0.03

0.52

20032

Portugal

1.64

0.04

2.44

20022

Korea Rep.

1.82

1.15

63.19

20071

Romania

9.85

1.83

18.58

20081

Kyrgyzstan

1.35

0.20

14.81

20131

Slovak Republic

1.41

0.6

42.55

19972

Lebanon

0.29

0.01

3.45

20012

Libya

2.05

0.01

0.49

20002

9.5

6.0

63.16

20091

27.50

5.2

18.91

19972

Slovenia

Spain

Sweden

Switzerland

0.2

0.08

40.00

2007

Malaysia

26.30

0.3

1.14

19942

Mexico

2.64

1.1

41.67

19962

Mongolia

0.85

1.5

176.47

20002

37.21

Morocco

8.98

0.65

7.24

20042

0.43

0.16

2002

6.05

4.65

76.86

1996

Pakistan

23.80

7.54

31.70

20091

USA

173.2

47.5

27.42

19872

Paraguay

4.3

0.01

0.23

20002

425.74

106.014

24.90

Peru

4.44

0.08

1.80

20002

Philippines

9.16

2.72

29.69

20081

Puerto Rico

0.1

0.02

20.00

20002

Russia

192.6

4.78

2.48

20071

Saudi Arabia

3.68

0.04

1.09

19922

Serbia & Montenegro

3.72

0.4

10.75

20002

Sub-Total

E M ER G ING / D E V E L O PI NG CO UNT RI ES 32 33

Albania Algeria

0.7 8.42

0.28 0.06

40.00 0.71

1999

Argentina

33.0

0.13

0.40

2002

Azerbaijan

2.09

0.61

0.29

20131

ICID ď Ź Annual Report 2012-13

18.00

0.06

0.41

20111

Sri Lanka

2.20

0.03

1.36

19672

Surinam

0.06

0.05

83.33

19982

Syria

5.68

0.27

4.75

19932

Tajikistan

0.87

0.33

37.93

20131

Thailand

18.85

0.16

0.85

19972

Tunisia

5.04

0.2

3.97

20002 1

South Africa

Turkey

26.01

3.43

13.19

2012

Turkmenistan

1.92

1.1

53.13

20131

Ukraine

33.5

3.3

9.85

20131

Uzbekistan

4.62

2.86

61.90

20131 2

(A) Type of Country7 S U MMARY Sl. No.

Region

Arable land and permanent crops (million ha)

Total drained area (million ha)

Drained area (%)

Developed Countries

425.74

106.014

24.90

Emerging/ Developing Countries

966.27

86.675

8.97

Least Developed Countries

72.93

4.08

5.59

Venezuela

3.35

0.31

9.25

2002

Viet Nam

9.42

1.0

10.62

19942

Total (100 countries)

1464.94

196.77

13.43

Zimbabwe

11.00

0.1

0.90

20111

World

1552.98

202.9

13.06

Sub-Total

966.27

86.675

8.97

Total drained area (million ha)

Drained area (%)

(B) Regionwise

LEA ST D E V E L O PE D CO UNT RI E S 92

Afghanistan

7.91

0.01

0.13

20002

Bangladesh

8.70

1.5

17.24

19932

Ethiopia

14.51

0.03

0.21

19872

Madagascar

3.55

0.11

3.10

20002

Myanmar

11.70

0.19

1.62

19942

Nepal

2.47

0.09

3.64

20002

Rwanda

1.57

0.09

5.73

20002

Sudan

20.91

0.56

2.68

20002

100

Yemen

1.61

1.5

93.17

20002

72.93

4.08

5.59

Sub-Total

*Countries shown in bold are active members of ICID

S U MMARY Sl. No.

Region

Arable land and permanent crops (million ha)

Africa

103.37

5.82

5.63

Americas

399.48

64.80

16.22

Asia

588.90

71.31

12.10

Europe

373.19

54.84

14.69

Total (100 countries)

1464.94

196.77

13.43

World

1552.98

202.9

13.06

Notes:

ICID data (both for arable land and permanent crop (APC) and for drained areas)

Cemagref data (for drained area)

Monitoring and Evaluation Department (EPADP), Egypt, 2011

The total drained area in Ireland is 0.254 million ha, the total utilized agricultural area is 4.02 million ha. Apart from a very small area of Ireland that is irrigated on a commercial basis for crop production there are no major irrigation schemes in Ireland. Suggested figure for irrigated area in Ireland is 10,000 hectares. Source: Dr. Oliver Nicholson, Chairman, Irish National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage (IRCID), 28 June 2010

Statistics referred as “arable land” in Lithuanian registry as per 01.01.2010. The drained area slightly decreased as some of the area excluded from registry since that area has been completely depreciated and drainage no more functioning. Source: Prof.dr. Antanas Maziliauskas, President of Lithuanian National Committee (LICID), 26 June 2010.

The fact that the drained area is more than the APC area is a matter of definition. In the Netherlands’ case the drained area includes areas with other functions such as drainage of meadows and urban areas. Source: Dr. Pol (A.L.) Hakstege, Secretary/ Treasurer, Netherlands National Committee (NETHCID), 2 July 2010.

Country Classification – World Economic Situation and Prospects (WESP), United Nations, 2012

ICID  Annual Report 2012-13