CPR: ADULTS & CHILDREN • STEP BY STEP • CUT OUT POCKET GUIDE
HEIMLICH MANEUVER®: • STEP BY STEP • ADULT/CHILD/SELF
POISON OAK/IVY: • IDENTIFICATION GUIDE WITH PHOTOS • TREATMENT • PREVENTION
TICKS/INSECTS • IDENTIFICATION • TREATMENT • PREVENTION
BURNS/SUNBURNS • ASSESSMENT • TREATMENT • PREVENTION
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POISONING
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
The emergency handbook is a special publication of the High Point Enterprise and is published once a year. We are dedicated to keeping you and your family prepared and informed. For ideas or suggestions for the next emergency handbook, email: llong@hpe.com
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CPR:
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TICKS/INSECTS
ADULTS & CHILDREN • STEP BY STEP • CUT OUT POCKET GUIDE
HEIMLICH MANEUVER: • STEP BY STEP • ADULT/CHILD/SELF
POISON OAK/IVY: • IDENTIFICATION GUIDE WITH PHOTOS • TREATMENT • PREVENTION
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POISONING • SYMPTOMS • TREATMENT
BURNS • ASSESSMENT • TREATMENT • PREVENTION
HEAD INJURIES • ASSESSMENT • TREATMENT • AFTER-CARE
• IDENTIFICATION • TREATMENT • PREVENTION
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Check the victim for unresponsiveness. If the person is not responsive and not breathing or not breathing normally.
STEP BY STEP: CPR FOR ADULTS AND CHILDREN OVER AGE 1 1. Call 911 or ask someone else to do so. 2. Try to get the person to respond; if he doesn’t, roll the person on his or her back. 3. Start chest compressions. Place the heel of your hand on the center of the victim’s chest. Put your other hand on top of the first with your fingers interlaced. 4. Press down so you compress the chest at least 2 inches in adults and children and 1.5 inches in infants. One hundred times a minute or even a little faster is optimal. Helpful Tip: That’s about the same rhythm as the beat of the Bee Gee’s song “Stayin’ Alive.” 5. If you’ve been trained in CPR, you can now open the airway with a head tilt and chin lift. 6. Pinch closed the nose of the victim. Take a normal breath, cover the victim’s mouth with yours to create an airtight seal, and then give two, one-second breaths as you watch for the chest to rise. 7. Continue compressions and breaths -30 compressions, two breaths -- until help arrives.
CPR
WHEN DO I NEED CPR?
Cut out this CPR pocket guide and keep in your wallet.
CPR
POCKET CPR GUIDE CALL CALL 911.
PUMP POSITION HANDS IN THE CENTER OF THE CHEST
FIRMLY PUSH DOWN TWO INCHES ON THE CHEST 30 TIMES
TILT HEAD, LIFT CHIN, CHECK BREATHING
GIVE TWO BREATHS
BLOW
CONTINUE WITH TWO BREATHS AND 30 PUMPS UNTIL HELP ARRIVES
CPR FOR ADULTS AND CHILDREN OVER THE AGE OF 1 ------------------------------fold here------------------------------
CPR FOR INFANTS AGE > 1 CONTINUE WITH TWO BREATHS AND 30 PUMPS UNTIL HELP ARRIVES GIVE TWO GENTLE BREATHS
BLOW POSITION TWO OR THREE FINGERS IN THE CENTER OF THE CHEST
PUSH DOWN GENTLY 1 AND 1/2 INCHES DOWN ON THE CHEST 30 TIMES
PUMP SHOUT AND GENTLY TAP THE CHILD ON THE SHOULDER. IF NO RESPONSE AND NOT BREATHING /ABNORMAL BREATHING MOVE INFANT TO BACK AND BEGIN CPR.
SHOUT & TAP
POCKET CPR GUIDE
If you are alone with the infant give 2 minutes of CPR before calling 911. 1. Shout and Tap: Shout and gently tap the child on the shoulder. If there is no response and not breathing or not breathing normally, position the infant on his or her back and begin CPR. 2. Give 30 Compressions: Give 30 gentle chest compressions at the rate of at least 100 per minute. Use two or three fingers in the center of the chest just below the nipples. Press down approximately one-third the depth of the chest (about 1 and a half inches). 3. Open The Airway: Open the airway using a head tilt lifting of chin. Do not tilt the head too far back 4. Give 2 Gentle Breaths: If the baby is not breathing or not breathing normally, cover the baby’s mouth and nose with your mouth and give 2 gentle breaths. Each breath should be 1 second long. You should see the baby’s chest rise with each breath. 5. Continue compressions and breaths -30 compressions, two breaths -- until help arrives.
LIFT CHIN TO GENTLY TILT HEAD CHECK BREATHING
CPR FOR INFANTS (AGE <1)
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HEIMLICH
HEIMLICH MANEUVER® WHEN DO I NEED THE HEIMLICH MANEUVER®?
THE HEIMLICH MANEUVER® FOR CHOKING (ONESELF)
A choking victim can’t speak or breathe and needs your help immediately.
STEP BY STEP: THE HEIMLICH MANEUVER® FOR CHOKING ADULTS 1. From behind, wrap your arms around the victim’s waist. Make a fist and place the thumb side of your fist against the victim’s upper abdomen, below the ribcage and above the navel. 2. Grasp your fist with your other hand and press into their upper abdomen with a quick upward thrust. Do not squeeze the ribcage; confine the force of the thrust to your hands. 3. Repeat until object is expelled.
UNCONSCIOUS VICTIM, OR WHEN RESCUER CAN’T REACH AROUND VICTIM: 1. Place the victim on back. Facing the victim, kneel astride the victim’s hips. 2. With one of your hands on top of the other, place the heel of your bottom hand on the upper abdomen below the rib cage and above the navel. 3. Use your body weight to press into the victim’s upper abdomen with a quick upward thrust. Repeat until object is expelled. 4. If the Victim has not recovered, proceed with CPR. The Victim should see a physician immediately after rescue.
Helpful Tip: Don’t slap the victim’s back. (This could make matters worse.)
1. Make a fist and place the thumb side of your fist against your upper abdomen, below the ribcage and above the navel. 2. Grasp your fist with your other hand and press into your upper abdomen with a quick upward thrust. 3. Repeat until object is expelled. Helpful Hint: you can also lean over a fixed horizontal object (table edge, chair, railing) and press your upper abdomen against the edge to produce a quick upward thrust. Repeat until object is expelled. See a physician immediately after rescue. Burglar • Fire • Security Cameras • Access Control • Medical Panic
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1. Lay the child down, face up, on a firm surface and kneel or stand at the victim’s feet, or hold infant on your lap facing away from you. 2. Place the middle and index fingers of both your hands below his rib cage and above his navel. 3. Press into the victim’s upper abdomen with a quick upward thrust; do not squeeze the rib cage. Be very gentle. Repeat until object is expelled. 4. If the Victim has not recovered, proceed with CPR. The Victim should see a physician immediately after rescue. Helpful Tip: Don’t slap the infant’s back. (This could make matters worse)
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THE HEIMLICH MANEUVER® FOR CHOKING INFANTS
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WHY DO I NEED TO AVOID POISON OAK & IVY? People with rhus dermatitis, caused by exposure to poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac, can be miserable. Even with treatment, they can expect several days or weeks of itching. Most people are sensitive to, and have a reaction when exposed to poison oak and these other plants, so avoiding them is important. But to avoid them, unless you plan on never going outside, you have to learn what they look like.
POISON OAK
IDENTIFICATION: Poison Oak Identification: Grows in the eastern United States (from New Jersey to Texas) as a low shrub and in the west (along the Pacific coast) as 6-foot-tall clumps or vines up to 30 feet long oak-like leaves, usually in clusters of three can have clusters of yellow berries. Poison Ivy Identification: Frequently found around lakes and streams in the Midwestern and the Eastern parts of the United States and is also commonly found growing along trails and roadsides poison ivy
grows as a woody, rope like vine that can grow along fences or up trees, a trailing shrub on the ground, or a freestanding shrub. It normally has three leaflets (groups of leaves all on the same small stem coming off the larger main stem), but may vary from groups of three to nine leaves are green in the summer and red in the fall yellow or green flowers and white berries. Helpful Tip: To avoid these plants, use the basic phrase: ‘leaves of three, let it be’.
These pictures of poison ivy will help make it even easier for you to identify and avoid these plants.
TREATMENT: How is the rash diagnosed? The rash usually is diagnosed during a physical exam. Your doctor will examine the rash and ask questions to find out when you were exposed to the plant and how long it took the rash to develop. If you are not sure whether you were exposed to a plant, he or she will ask about your outdoor activities, work, and hobbies.
How is the rash treated? Most poison ivy, oak, or sumac rashes can be treated successfully at home. Initial treatment consists of washing the area with water immediately after contact with the plants. To relieve symptoms, use wet compresses and take cool baths. Nonprescription antihistamines and calamine lotion also may help relieve symptoms. Moderate or severe cases of the rash may require treatment by a doctor, who may prescribe corticosteroid pills, creams, intments, or shots (injections).
POISON OAK/IVY • TICKS
POISON OAK/IVY
POISON IVY
TICKS WHAT SHOULD I DO IF I FIND A TICK? Don’t panic. Ticks can transmit infection only after they’ve attached themselves to the skin and drawn blood into their bodies. Even then, they usually need to have been attached for a significant period of time (12 to 48 hours).The best way to remove a tick is to pull it out gently with tweezers. Grasp the bug as close to where it’s connected to the skin as you can, and slowly lift it away from the skin. Try not to squeeze the tick’s body, which may release the blood back into your bloodstream if the tick is engorged. And don’t twist or jerk the tweezers or you may break off the tick’s body, leaving the head behind, which can lead to infection. Once you’ve removed the tick, wash the bite area and your hands with soap and water, then apply an antiseptic lotion. Dispose of the tick in the toilet or by putting it in a plastic bag and then in the garbage. What if I don’t remove all of it? If part of the tick remains buried, don’t worry. It’s not going to increase the risk of
a tick-borne infection. Just remove it as you would a splinter. As with a splinter, if you can’t get it completely out fairly easily, don’t dig around. Your body may expel the piece on its own. If any sign of a local infection develops (redness, oozing, warmth), seek medical attention from your doctor. Should I worry about Lyme disease? Ticks can carry a variety of germs, including the microbes that cause Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, and other diseases such as ehrlichiosis and tularemia. That’s why it’s important to remove the tick and clean the area as soon as you discover the problem. Removing the tick in the first 24 hours greatly reduces the chances that it will transmit Lyme disease. How can I protect myself from ticks? Try to keep out of wooded areas, fields, or seashores where ticks reside. If you’re going hiking or camping, stay on the paths rather than traipsing through the densely wooded areas. Dress in long pants and long-sleeved shirts, and tuck the ends of his pants into your socks. Clothing that is
made of slick material (like windbreakers) is harder for ticks to grab onto than knits. Wearing light-colored clothing will make ticks easier to spot. Tick repellents, which usually contain permethrin, are meant to be sprayed on clothing, not skin. Products containing DEET or picaradin are available for use on exposed skin, but check the label to make sure the one you choose is safe for children.
Helpful Tip: Forget any advice you’ve heard about applying petroleum jelly, fingernail polish, or a hot match to the end of the tick. Those home remedies almost never work.
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POISONING / BURNS 6
BURNS
WHEN IS A BURN SERIOUS? To distinguish a minor burn from a serious burn, the first step is to determine the extent of damage to body tissues. The three burn classifications of first-degree burn, second-degree burn and third-degree burn will help you determine emergency care.
IDENTIFYING BURNS: 1ST-DEGREE BURN The least serious burns are those in which only the outer layer of skin is burned, but not all the way through. The skin is usually red. Often there is swelling. Pain sometimes is present. Treat a first-degree burn as a minor burn unless it involves substantial portions of the hands, feet, face, groin or buttocks, or a major joint, which requires emergency medical attention.
2ND-DEGREE BURN When the first layer of skin has been burned through and the second layer of skin (dermis) also is burned, the injury is called a second-degree burn. Blisters develop. Skin takes on an intensely reddened, splotchy appearance. There is severe pain and swelling. If the second-degree burn is no larger than 3 inches (7.6 centimeters) in diameter, treat it as a minor burn. If the burned area is larger or if the burn is on the hands, feet, face,
POISONING WHAT IS A POISON? A poison is a substance that causes injury, illness or death if it enters the body. Poisons may enter the body in the form of liquids, solids, or gas and vapor fumes.
HOW DO I KNOW SOMEONE IS POISONED? Depending on the substance involved and entry route, the following may occur: • Nausea or vomiting • Diarrhea • Profuse sweating • Abdominal pain Unconsciousness or deteriorating conscious state • Seizures • Breathing difficulty
TREATMENT FOR BURNS: 1ST-DEGREE AND 2ND-DEGREE BURNS 1. Cool the burn. Hold the burned area under cool (not cold) running water for 10 or 15 minutes or until the pain subsides. If this is impractical, immerse the burn in cool water or cool it with cold compresses. 2. Cover the burn with a sterile gauze bandage. Don’t use fluffy cotton, or other material that may get lint in the wound. Wrap the gauze loosely to avoid putting pressure on burned skin. 3. Take an over-the-counter pain reliever. These include aspirin, ibuprofen. 4. Minor burns usually heal without further treatment. They may heal with pigment changes, meaning the healed area may be a different color from the
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surrounding skin. Watch for signs of infection, such as increased pain, redness, fever, swelling or oozing. If infection develops, seek medical help. Helpful Tip: Don’t use ice. Putting ice directly on a burn can cause a person’s body to become too cold and cause further damage to the wound. Don’t apply egg whites, butter or ointments to the burn. This could cause infection. Don’t break blisters. Broken blisters are more vulnerable to infection. 3RD-DEGREE BURNS For major burns, call 911 or emergency medical help. Until an emergency unit arrives, follow these steps: 1. Don’t remove burned clothing. However, do make sure the victim is no longer in contact with smoldering materials or exposed
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groin or buttocks, or over a major joint, treat it as a major burn and get medical help immediately. 3RD-DEGREE BURN The most serious burns involve all layers of the skin and cause permanent tissue damage. Fat, muscle and even bone may be affected. Areas may be charred black or appear dry and white. Difficulty inhaling and exhaling, carbon monoxide poisoning, or other toxic effects may occur if smoke inhalation accompanies the burn.
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to smoke or heat. Don’t immerse large severe burns in cold water. Doing so could cause a drop in body temperature and shock. 2. Check for signs of circulation (breathing, coughing or movement). If there is no breathing or other sign of circulation, begin CPR. 3. Elevate the burned body part or parts. Raise above heart level, when possible. 4. Cover the area of the burn. Use a cool, moist, sterile bandage; clean, moist cloth; or moist cloth towels. 5. Get a tetanus shot. Burns are susceptible to tetanus. Doctors recommend you get a tetanus shot every 10 years. If your last shot was more than five years ago, your doctor may recommend a tetanus shot booster.
1. Check for safety before approaching the victim Ensure safety for yourself, victim and any others before approaching to give first aid. If safe and necessary, remove the victim to a safer area. Note any information about the nature of the poisoning incident, e.g. tablets, berries, burns around the mouth etc. 2. Check the victim’s level of consciousness IF UNCONSCIOUS • If breathing normally, turn the victim on the side to clear and open the airway. • If not breathing normally, begin CPR — see Resuscitation. • If there are burns around the mouth, wipe the area clean before starting CPR — see
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Resuscitation. Call 911 for an ambulance immediately. IF CONSCIOUS • If the mouth is burnt from a corrosive poison, wipe the area with a moist cloth or tissues. 3. Call the NC Poisons Center Call1-800-222-1222 for specific advice on the first aid management required. Follow all instructions concerning medical advice or ambulance transport to hospital. 4. Check the victim’s level of consciousness every few minutes and note any changes. Helpful Tip: Do not give the victim anything to eat or drink unless told to do so by the NC Poisons Center consultant.
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WHAT IS A CONCUSSION?
The brain is composed of soft tissue and is protected by the skull, which is a strong, outer framework. The strength of the skull is sufficient to protect the head from injury in a minor fall or a light blow to the head. If stronger forces are involved, e.g. from falling onto the head from a height, or being kicked by a horse, the skull may crack or fracture. Concussion occurs when the brain is shaken violently inside the skull. This results in the brain striking the inside of the skull, resulting in bleeding or swelling and bruising.
HOW DO I KNOW SOMEONE HAS A CONCUSSION? Symptoms and signs of a concussion: • Altered conscious state, often deteriorating over time • Blurred or double vision • A thumping or pounding headache • Nausea or vomiting • Loss of balance and hand-eye coordination • Altered sensation in the fingers or down one side of the body • Loss of short-term memory, e.g. the memory of recent events • Noisy breathing • A slow but strong pulse • Unequal pupils • Leaking fluid from the nose or one ear
ACTION STEP BY STEP: 1. Assess the victim’s conscious state. 2. If unconscious and breathing normally, or not fully conscious and alert, place the victim in the recovery position, preferably with the injured side downwards. If there is any discharge from the ear, place a sterile or clean pad underneath, but do not pack the ear canal. 3. Check every few minutes that the airway is clear and normal breathing is present. Be prepared to begin CPR if deterioration occurs — see Resuscitation. 4. If conscious, help the victim to rest in the position of greatest comfort, preferably with the head higher than the rest of the body.
When illness or injury occurs, let us point you in the right direction:
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In case of a medical emergency, dial 9-1-1. For any other medical situation experienced by a member of your family anytime of the day or night, call the nurses at Care Connections, a free service from Thomasville Medical Center and Novant Medical Group.
and advise the best course of treatment. Your nurse will then direct you to the emergency room, an urgent care provider or a primary care physician, and may even be able to schedule nonemergency appointments for you and your family members.
Available 24 hours a day, highly qualified nurses are standing by to evaluate illnesses and injuries over the phone,
Whether you need to call today or in the future, keep the Care Connections number handy: 336-718-7070.
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