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EDITOR‘S NOTE
T
he World Health Organization (WHO) reveals that the SARSCoV-2 pathogen mainly spreads through an infected person’s mouth or nose whenever they speak, sneeze, or cough. What’s worse is that these virus particles, or so called droplets, remain in the air for up to three hours as reported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Because of this, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) announced that the spread of the virus in encloses spaces is likely connected to the recirculation of air. Even though the Australian Institute of Refrigeration, Air Conditioning, and Heating (AIRAH) stated that there are still no evidence of spreading COVID-19 through air conditioning systems, Representatives of European Heating and Ventilating Associations (REHVA) warns that studies or data have yet to rule out this possibility. In fact, REHVA suggests not to use recirculation of air for centralized air handling units with recirculation sectors as the virus particles in return ducts will re-enter the building. Instead, air renewal, which allows outdoor air inside the room to mix with the indoor air, should be practiced through proper ventilation.
HVAC Industry Review 2020: Pandemic Year With proper filtration and ventilation, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) notes that this will reduce the concentration of SARSCoV-2 particles in the air and thus reducing the risk of indoor transmission. As a general rule, ASHRAE recommends to follow several guidelines in optimizing comfort and security inside enclosed spaces. Indoor temperature with air conditioning units should only be between 24 and 27ºC with relative humidity below 65%. Meanwhile, air velocity must be at most 0.2m/s to ensure proper distribution of air inside and avoid draft. Pairing this with strict social distancing measures and frequent hand washing, we can significantly reduce the risk of virus transmission and put the safety of building occupants at the forefront.
* For any inquiries, please contact Mr. Rohan Suares Address: LG Electronics Gulf, P.O Box 61445, Dubai, U.A.E, Tel. # +971 52 710 0999, Email: rohan.suares@lge.com
CON TENTS
8 REBUILDING 2021 WITH CBK HARDWARE TOOLS & MATERIALS
20 2020 LOOKING BACK AT THE HVAC INDUSTY
36 2020 TRENDS IN HVACR GREENER, SMARTER & BETTER
52 INVERTER AIR CONDITIONERS EXPLAINED: HOW THEY’RE DIFFERENT FROM NON-INVERTER UNITS
68 THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SPLIT TYPE & WINDOW TYPE
84 MAGLEV IN CHILLERS EXPLAINED
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THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON THE HVAC INDUSTRY
116 COVID-19 IN THE AIR
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AFTER COVID-19: BUILT ENVIRONMENT & HVAC INDUSTRY
148 COVID-19 AIRBORNE IMPACT ON BUILDINGS’ HVAC SYSTEM
164 AIRPLANE’S HEPA FILTER PREVENTS CORONAVIRUS SPREAD
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POPER SCHOOL VENTILATION TO MITIGATE COVID-19 RISKS
196 MEET THE NEW PRESIDENT OF ASHRAE
F E AT U R E S T O RY
Rebuilding 2021 with CBK Hardware Tools & Materials
T
he outbreak of the novel coronavirus across the globe has severely interrupted businesses in almost all of the industries. And while most companies are turning to short-term strategies to keep their operations running, they should also start to plan ahead and prepare their facilities with the right tools and materials.
Increase Productivity, Cleanliness, and Safety with Nilfisk Nilfisk offers a diverse range of solutions that directly supports your economic goals and secures value retention by shortening down cleaning times, reducing maintenance costs, and consistently increasing profits. Here are three of the most recommended Nilfisk cleaning equipment that boasts large debris trays and high quality air filters that will help in maintaining a healthy environment for your employees.
• LS160-EU 17-inch low speed polisher 1300w. Perfect for medium-duty to high-duty
applications, including indoor cleaning, and is simple, robust, and user-friendly. It automatically locks when handle is in 90-dregree vertical position.
• Scrubber BA 611 D. Has low noise level for daytime cleaning and provides OneTouch dashboard operation and detergent mixing system. • ATTIX 30-21 PC 230V 50HZ EU. Compact
but powerful wet and dry vacuum cleaning with an ergonomic design and low noise, perfect for workers on the go. 8
Improving Ventilation in the Workplace with Deton As the largest manufacturer of ventilation equipment, Deton offers products with optimized design blade, firm structure, and a smooth running supply of soft and comfortable wind. Three of the many Deton products ideal for cooling factories, mining industries, garage, and any large spaces are listed below. • DF650TW26BLK Industrial Fan. A luxury-type wall fan with three speeds, an adjustable oscillating angle, pre-adjustable height, low-noise motor, and large air volume, suitable for heat-stroke prevention.
• DFK650T26BLK Industrial Fan. Stand Fan with streamlined blade design, firm structure, large air volume, low-noise motor, three speeds, and adjustable oscillation angle that makes it suitable for heat-stroke prevention. • FF60M24CHR Commercial Floor Fan Series. Features high-
quality silicon sheet and all-copper coil motor, adjustable blowing angle, and easy-to-move wheels, making it suitable for ventilation in factories, workshops, warehouse, and stores.
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Part of Blue Ocean Robotics
F E AT U R E S T O RY
Investing in Security Services against Theft With businesses avoiding physical contact, security guards are no longer checking people who enter the building, thus giving thieves the opportunity to steal from the business. Revamp your security with the following devices that will protect you against such criminals.
• Yale YDM3115. Premium RFID card digital door lock with multiple access, smart keypad and mechanical key override, break/ damage alarm, and emergency power. • Dormakaba DMITS96EN24S. Concealed cam action door closer
that is suitable for timber, hollow metal and aluminium doors up to 130kg.
• Chubbsafes Viper. Combined burglary and fire resistant safe that
uses the new revolutionary “V” bolt system and comes in sizes of 11 to 91-liter capacity.
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Continuing of the Business in Case of Emergency To keep your business running in the event of emergencies, you must have backup systems in store. The wide dynamic assortment of CBK products for such cases can increase productivity and give you a reliable back up plan for any tough situation. Some of the equipment you need to have on hand include the NVNDG8500CLE Navigator Generator, TOCBYIIIA/CYPH Toho Hydraulic Hand Pallet Truck, STSXWTDPC528 Hand Trucks, and Ridgid Ladder.
Achieving Cleaner, Healthier Facilities with a Clean Underground Drainage System Metro Manila often experiences congested and clogged sewage and drains that will take roughly 12 hours to clear. Thankfully, with Ridgid’s innovative underground technology, specifically the Ridgid FlexShaft™ Drain Cleaning Machines, SeeSnake® Cameras, and the K-5208 Sectional Machine, clogged pipes can be cleared in minutes. In partnership with Co Ban Kiat Hardware, Inc., Ridgid is safeguarding the state of the metropolis’ underground drainage system.
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Managing Health and Sanitation Facilities Businesses should not only focus on the workstations alone but the restroom facilities, as well. Delta Faucets and Dyson Technology with its Airblade Hand Dryers provide innovative commercial solutions that will help businesses with this matter. Some of the must-have equipment in the washroom are listed below.
Where to Buy? For 100 years, Co Ban Kiat Hardware Inc. is the most trusted distributor of home improvement and hardware items in the Philippines. Let’s shop wisely. #StayAtHome and order online at your convenience. Visit us in the following sites and enjoy deals, discounts, and more! Website: https://www.cbkhardware. com/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ cbkhardware/ Instagram: http://www.instagram.com/ cbkhardware Join our Fast Growing Viber Community http://%20https//bit. ly/3ebeCXU
Co Ban Kiat Hardware, Inc.
• Dyson Airblade V Hand Dryer. A simple and
compact hand dryer with HEPA filters and an easy-mount backplate for simple, self-service installation. It is costs up to 86% less than other hand dryers to run, much less quieter, and can dry hands within 14 seconds. • Delta Faucets Grail Series. Faucets with sleek chrome finish, providing exceptional performance and stand up to the rigors of each application. Revamping your business after COVID-19 is easy with these quality and reliable industrial products that will streamline your business to achieve the highest standard of profitability and efficiency in the operations. For almost 100 years, Co Ban Kiat Hardware is true to its promise in bringing convenience to life in many aspects and to provide more years of world class hardware solutions. 16
Ground Floor, Cobankiat Building II, 231 Juan Luna St. Binondo Manila, Philippines. Phone +632 8243-1931 Phone +632 8243-5263 Phone +632 8894-6561 Email info@cobankiat.com.ph ; ind@cobankiat.com.ph
Coby's Designer Center
Unit 467 level 4 Shangri-La Plaza Edsa Corner Shaw Boulevard Mandaluyong City, Philippines Phone +632 86364895
About CBK Hardware For almost a hundred years, a family’s surname has become synonymous to the country’s biggest hardware supply company. Co Ban Kiat Hardware Incorporated, of the Cobankiat family has a regular client network of more than 1,500 industrial organizations; 1,600 traditional community hardware stores, and 584 home building specialty chain of stores across Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao. This ever-growing conglomerate traces its humble roots to Manila Chinatown, as a pioneer enterprise started by family’s patriarch, Mr. Cobankiat in 1920. Despite the ruins of World War II, the business goes back to its feet in 1948, rebuilding a storefront from the very same spot where it was known for three decades. This ever-growing conglomerate traces its humble roots to Manila Chinatown, as a pioneer enterprise started by family’s patriarch, Mr. Cobankiat in 1920. Despite the ruins of World War II, the business goes back to its feet in 1948, rebuilding a storefront from the very same spot where it was known for three decades.
While the Filipinos continue to rebuild their lives post war, CBK Hardware sees the opportunity to introduce the retail concept once unheard for in hardware industry. Cobankiat Hardware brought the first DIY business in the Asia. A do it on yourself concept that created Cobankiat hardware in the Philippines. The Hardware Workshop Store is the fruit if this endeavor. CBK Hardware further cemented its legendary distribution channel with the creation of Coby’ Design Center in Edsa Shangi La in 1996, a specialty store that caters to discriminating taste of modern Filipinos. In 1997, Mr. Johnny Cobankiat, the 4th generation Cobankiat leader, set another milestone for the company when he brings a franchise of Ace Hardware USA to the Philippines, and signs up CBK Hardware as one of its major suppliers. This further expanded into delivering quality world class products nearer to families of Filipino overseas workers in the countryside. A century’s excellence can quickly pass, and guided by the vision to be the largest network supplier of the biggest global brands in the hardware industry, CBK Hardware resolve to source the best products to supply its customers anytime and every time.
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s recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO), COVID-19 spreads primarily from one person to another through the small droplets expelled from a COVID-19 infected individual’s mouth or nose through coughing, sneezing, and speaking. These respiratory droplets appear to remain suspended in the air for up to three hours according to the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
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In line with this, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) shared that the spread of the virus is linked to the recirculation of air in indoor environments. While the air conditioning unit itself is not contaminated by the virus, there are doubts that the air flow generated by the AC operation is likely to increase the risk of spreading the virus, especially in enclosed spaces and when ventilation is poor. Because of this, it is recommended that precautionary measures are taken to ensure sufficient air renewal and prioritize the safety of the occupants. Air renewal is practically achieved through proper ventilation and is an effective way of minimizing the spread of the disease in enclosed spaces. However, the majority of air conditioners don’t have a built-in ventilation function and thus, doesn’t guarantee proper air renewal between outdoor and indoor air sources. In this sense, it is suggested that occupants regularly open the window or use a ventilation fan to allow fresh air to enter the room. Pair this with proper social distancing and frequent hand washing, we can reduce the risk of transmitting the virus and increase and safety of the building occupants. HVAC Associations’ Thoughts on the Matter A handful of HVAC associations across the world have shared their thoughts on the matter and addressed the people’s concerns. One of these is the Australian Institute of Refrigeration, Air Conditioning, and Heating (AIRAH) which stated that there are still no evidence of spreading COVID-19 through air conditioning systems. Representatives of European Heating and Ventilating Associations (REHVA), on the other hand, is more cautious and released a REHVA COVID-19 guidance document stating that there are still no reported data or studies that eliminate the possibility of the pathogen spreading through the airborne route. Additionally, they recommend preventing the use of recirculation as virus particles stuck in return ducts can still re-enter the building, especially for centralized air handling units with recirculation sectors. It is further advised that recirculation dampers must be closed manually or via the Building Management System. Maximizing Comfort in the New Normal . However, by doing so, poor temperature control might be an issue. This is especially a concern in countries approaching summer, where the rising heat will likely prompt other heat stress-related health risks, such as heat stroke. The Japanese Association of Acute Medicine advised people to monitor the indoor temperature whenever they are inside and adjust the air conditioner’s set temperature as necessary, all while maintaining the regular flow of fresh air into the room. Furthermore, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) noted that the ventilation and filtration provided by HVAC 23
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Regularly renewing the air in enclosed spaces with air conditioners is necessary since ventilation is essential to prevent COVID-19.
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Air conditioning significantly improves air quality with the combination of ventilation and filtration.
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systems can play a role in reducing the airborne concentration of the SARS-CoV-2 particles, thus mitigating the risk of airborne transmission. They also emphasized the impact of heat on individuals, saying that unconditioned spaces can easily cause thermal stress that is likely life-threatening and will severely lower the individual’s resistance to the disease. Taking these into account, the general guidelines below detail the measures that need to be observed to optimize a comfortable indoor environment that is secure and increases the productivity of occupants. • Temperature: As recommended by ASHRAE and CDC, the ideal temperature should be between 24 and 27 degree Celsius during the summer.
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• Humidity: To achieve comfort, the relative humidity should fall between the ranges of 40% to 60%. ASHRAE recommends a relative humidity of below 65%. • Air Purity: Having particulates, gases, viruses, and bacteria in the air can create a poor air quality. Air conditioning significantly improves air quality with the combination of ventilation and filtration. • Air Velocity: To avoid the sensation of draft caused by air conditioning, ASHRAE suggests an upper limit of air velocity of 0.2m/s to ensure that air is properly distributed. - End -
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J A N U A RY
2020
NEWS
Modine® and RectorSeal® Introduce GulfClean™
Leminar signs Distribution Agreement with Pentair Aurora
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Building Thermal Insulation Market to Cross $35bn by 2025
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As we close in on the year 2020, many individuals in the heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and refrigeration industry are conducting research and nigh endlessly studying about how they can improve their efficiency, work ethic, output, and overall morale. That having been said, here are their findings and gradually growing trends that are prospected to be realized next year. There are a handful of takeaways that those in the heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and refrigeration industry have discovered. Right off the bat, one new HVACR trend has to do with distribution 37
COVER STORY
channels and how it changes so frequently. With the upward movement of digital technology, its growing need to evolve, the broadening of the internet, and its ever-increasing importance and relevance in our lives, being present online has become a must for B2C and B2B businesses—this has been the norm for some time. In fact, in the coming year, being absent in the digital space might be treated as an anomaly. Truly, being offline is akin to fighting a losing battle: e-commerce is simply where it’s at now. Anything related to making online transactions and scheduling appointments to set-up an HVACR system in the house all falls under the umbrella theme of e-commerce. This systematized method of buying units has eliminated unnecessary visits to the shop and has cut both time and costs to at least half. Another trend revolves around recruitment into the industry itself. Largely speaking, the 2019 outlook has been positive for the HVACR community. Findings from a 2019 Annual Economic Outlook Survey conducted by the AHR Expo and ASHRAE Journal discovered that 87 percent of respondents are predicting development in the succeeding year. This is highly understandable especially after the previous year saw near record-breaking demand for HVACR equipment and services. The economy has been on a steady rise and consumer confidence has never been higher. Sadly, it doesn’t come without its own share of caveats. The question is: who will be making, distributing, selling, and installing these new HVACR units and products? Alongside consumer confidence and economical rise, concern over labor supply in HVACR has also been proportionately growing over the past few years. As manufacturers work to further innovate new products as well as answer user-generated reviews, their products have since become increasingly intricate to build and set up. This means that a higher demand for complex products will require more and more skilled labor. From the years 2016-2026, HVACR mechanic and installer job openings are expected to increase by 15 percent. This will be coupled with the fact that the majority of baby boomers have since retired or are preparing to enter retirement. This means a major labor shortage is bound to happen should millennials and their succeeding generations, the Gen Z set their eyes on another career path for themselves. Despite the coming drought, there seems to be hope in the form of new technologies. Now, everyone has a smart phone or some oth 38
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Heating, lights, appliances, and home security are growing smarter and more connected to everyone through their phones, desktops, and devices.
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From the years 2016-2026, HVACR mechanic and installer job openings are expected to increase by 15 percent.
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er variant of a “smart” gadjet with its own virtual assistant like Siri, Alexa, or the other artificial intelligent programs. Truly, “smart” technology has become integral to our world. So, what does this mean for HVACR? Of course, smarter HVACR units will be part of equally smart homes. These are modernized wonders of today. Features of these houses will help the household with convenience, safety, efficiency, and ease of use. Heating, lights, appliances, and home security are growing smarter and more connected to everyone through their phones, desktops, and devices. Smart thermostats and air conditioners, for instance, give users the ability to control the temperature with just an app or voice command. An automated heating or ventilation system can also monitor and adjust its levels to maximize 48
efficiency and alert the user when maintenance is required. But perhaps an even more rampant trend in HVACR are the new standards regarding efficiency that have been enforced by many companies. As climate change pushes temperatures even higher from March to August, consumers look for HVACR systems that help keep them cool and help them save money on electricity. In response to that, HVACR companies have gotten more creative. Some companies have introduced heat zoning systems that allow the adjustments of different temperatures in different parts of the house. Zoning reduces energy in unused rooms and eliminates the longstanding tradition of fighting over the thermostat. Other companies have integrated sustainable sources of energy such as
wind or solar, into their heat systems. In conclusion, innovation is fundamentally good and it helps improve the lives of both the manufacturer and the product-buyer. But of course, there will always be challenges. Whether you are an HVACR manufacturer. distributor, or buyer being able to use such a machine can truly be revolutionary for your life. As we move towards the year 2020, we believe that the manufacturers, distributors, employees, and buyers of the heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and refrigeration industry will be able to make smarter, more logical decisions based on these trends and continue the trend of nearing perfection every day of manufacturing or using an HVACR unit. -end49
W
ith the holidays through and 2020 upon us, it’s time to say goodbye to the cool season and reluctantly welcome the dry season. The APAC and Middle Eastern countries is already a hot,
Asians and Middle Eastern. One would think the locals would be accustomed to the heat by now, but getting used to the Asian heat is akin to waiting for pigs to fly—it just won’t happen
tropical country and the return of the high temperatures will surely inconvenience the majority of
(anytime soon, at least).
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Luckily, there are always affordable technologies to help those cool off even on the hottest of days. Air conditioners are part of most Asian homes and facilities and are viewed as a need, not a want. While air conditioning units are integral to lowering temperatures in whatever place, cooling costs can spike to around 70% of one’s electricity bill.
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Fortunately, there exists more efficient and more affordable air conditioning units such as the inverter type air conditioners. If one is considering to purchase an air conditioner, the latest and the most efficient technology that is available in markets today is the inverter technology for household air conditioning.
Inverter-type air conditioning units are engineered in such a way that they can save 30-50% of electricity over a regular air conditioner and lower the cost of cooling, cool a room much more effectively, and is an overall better purchase. But to understand why these technologies perform so well, we must understand its technology.
So, just what is an inverter air conditioner?
When the compressor needs more or less power, it gives it more or less power. The compressor’s needs are always directly proportional to what the accelerator gives. Inverter technologies have the benefit of the compressor being always on and drawing less or more power depending on the temperature of the incoming air and the level set in the thermostat.
Inverter-type air conditioners work like accelerators in various vehicles.
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Automatic control equipment for HVAC systems
Products for domestic and industrial installations
Watts Cazzaniga offers high quality products for various types of installation, including :
In buildings, the main aim of the installations is to guarantee and maintain a comfortable ambient.
- Control valves - Electrothermic actuators - Mechanical and electronic thermostats
BP Series Blower Purge Desiccant Compressed Air Dryers
Inverter-type air conditioning units are engineered in such a way that they can save 30-50% of electricity.
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An air conditioner with inverter technology will run continuously only with the needed amount of power that is required to keep the temperature stable at the level desired.
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To understand the benefits of having an inverter-type air conditioner, one must first understand how regular air conditioners work: every air conditioner has a maximum peak load. For example, a 1.5ton AC is designed for a certain size of room and 1 ton for a different size but not all rooms are of same size. While a regular air conditioner of 1.5ton capacity will always run at peak power requirement when the compressor is running, an air conditioner with
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inverter technology will run continuously only with the needed amount of power that is required to keep the temperature stable at the level desired. This means it automatically adjusts its capacity based on the requirement of the room it is cooling. Thus drawing much less power and consuming lesser units of electricity. Of course, potential buyers will love having an air conditioner that works at full efficiency, cools a room better, all while helping them save power. Still, it is very important to install a right sized air conditioner in a room.
Now there are many types of inverter-type air conditioning units available for potential buyers and new homeowners. There’s the Tosot U-Crown Inverter, the LG DualCool Inverter, the Panasonic AERO Series, the Whirlpool split type Inverter, and much, much more. These units have their own pros and cons, such as varying performance levels, different components made from different materials to prevent a number of effects such as overheating, corrosion, noise-cancellation, etc. but one thing is for sure:
these inverter air conditioners always perform highly in whatever room they are installed, especially when you compare them to non-inverter units. With that, we highly encourage you to upgrade your standard air conditioning units from on-inverters to inverters, especially with the hot and dry season soon approaching. -end-
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Fractional Horse Power Indoor Air-Cooled Condensing Units
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The Difference Between Split AC and Window AC For starters, the split AC and window AC differ in size. The split AC is composed of two units, one located outside your home and one inside. The outdoor unit contains the condenser and compressor, while the indoor component contains the evaporative section of the AC. In contrast, the window AC already packs the condenser, compressor, and evaporative parts all in one unit.
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Factors to Consider when Choosing the Best Type of AC for your Home 1.How big is the room where your AC will be installed? Now you know that the ACs vary in size, you now need to consider the space your AC will go into. The window AC is surely smaller than the split AC but will require an opening wide enough to fit the whole unit. On the other hand, the indoor unit of your split AC is bigger and needs more room, although the outdoor unit can be placed within a considerable distance from the room, giving you more flexibility. If you do have an appropriately sized opening in your room and the space is pretty small, the window AC is the way to go.
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The Split AC has proven to be more energy-efficient than a window AC of the same star-rating and tonnage.
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CONTROLLERS FOR HVAC SYSTEMS
COVER STORY
2. How easy is it to install the AC? A. In rooms with existing window for AC For those with rooms designed to have window ACs, it is significantly easier to install a window-type AC. You simply fix the outdoor metal cover of the unit in the opening, and you’re done. Installing a split AC in such an opening may prove to be complicated.
B. In rooms without an existing AC window For rooms that are not big enough for a window, split ACs are the best way to go. You can place the external unit in almost any part of the home, making it more convenient than installing a window type AC.
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However, if your room can accommodate a window, it will still take quite some time to drill a large opening in the wall. Restrictions can also occur, especially if you only rent your place.
3. How much noise can the household handle? Because window ACs pack the whole unit in a single box, it is noisier than the split AC whose condenser and compressor are located outside. This can be a deciding factor if you are a light sleeper or you have kids at home with you.
4. Do you prefer an AC that matches the aesthetic of the room? Most of the window ACs in the market today all represent the same design and appearance. This can be a turn-off, especially if your room is aesthetically pleasing to the eyes. Thankfully, split ACs come in sleek designs that are sure to match the design of your room.
5. Which one is more energy and cost-efficient? Comparing the split AC and window AC, the latter is technically the winner. The split AC has proven to be more energy-efficient than a window AC of the same star-rating and tonnage. The reason behind the gap is because the split-type AC features a higher cooling capacity. This means that they consume the same amount of power as the window type but produce a more cooling effect. The window AC, however, is more efficient for smaller rooms. If you have a bigger space, it is better to opt for split AC. In terms of price, the window AC is typically more affordable as it can only cost about $330 to $430, compared to the split-type’s $390 to $630 price range.
6. How easy is it to maintain an AC? Maintenance is also a key consideration in choosing the best AC. Since the split type is bigger and has two components, it makes it more challenging to repair and maintain. The pipes connecting the two units are also prone to leakage. The window type, however, is much more compact and easy to troubleshoot. -end-
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Air Conditioners
APRIL
2020
NEWS
Modular Chillers Market Worth $3.5 Billion by 2024
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Global Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) System Industry
Temperature Cooling
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M
agnetic Levitation (MagLev) is an advanced technology that is integrated into industrial chillers. This technology is still considered as ‘emerging’; thus, experts are always on the run to get the most out of the magnetic levitation. But why are top chiller manufacturers working extremely hard to master MagLev? Well, this is because of the tremendous benefits that MagLev brought to users. But before going to the advantages of MagLev chillers, you must first know how this innovation works.
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How MagLev Chillers Work Magnetic Levitation sometimes called magnetic suspension, basically means holding a thing without any other external support other than magnetic fields. Now, if you apply MagLev into chillers, this will make the chiller work very efficient. Why? Because unlike the ordinary chillers, there will be no frictions that will hamper the chiller’s compressor and shaft. Wearing of components will also be prevented since MagLev chillers do not use oil. In other words, you don’t need to check the oil of the chiller regularly. Indeed, this is a significant change considering that one of the primary reasons why chiller’s components get damaged is due to overlooked oil maintenance. Since you already understand the fundamentals of MagLev chillers, it’s time for you to know the advantages that MagLev chillers provide. 86
Top 5 Advantages of Using MagLev in Chillers 1. Energy-saver. In December 2013, the General Services Administration (GSA) released the results of its case study about MagLev chillers. GSA confirmed that, indeed, magnetic levitation chillers are energy-efficient, providing up to 42 percent energy savings compared to the typical industrial chillers. With this, GSA recommends the use of MagLev chillers, especially to those establishments that are using rooftop chillers. 2. Friction-less. Friction does not only cause poor performance but also lead to higher energy bills. But this will not happen if you install MagLev chillers in your establishment. MagLev chillers utilized magnetic bearings; thus, eradicating friction 100%. Also, MagLev chillers operate under variable speed drives that significantly increase the performance of the chiller, especially at partial loads.
3. Low Maintenance. The MagLev bearings make it possible for the chiller’s compressor to run smoothly even without lubrication oil. The oil-less operation will not only provide convenience and savings but increase the chiller’s heat transfer rate as well. Once the energy transfer is fast, the cooling process will also be accelerated. 4. Quiet Operation. Another advantage of using MagLev chillers is that it operates quietly. This is possible since there is no friction buffering in between of the MgLev compressor bearings. 5. Easy to Mobilize. Compared to the typical industrial chillers, MagLev chillers are lightweight. In other words, you will not have any problem transferring the chiller from one post to another. The lightweight built of the MagLev chillers also paved for the easier installation. The components of the MagLev chillers are subtly designed compact.
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MagLev chillers operate under variable speed drives that significantly increase the performance of the chiller, especially at partial loads.
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Another advantage of using MagLev chillers is that it operates quietly.
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Energy Efficient Solutions in HVAC Pumping
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How MagLev Chillers Gain Tremendous Support At first, the introduction of the MagLev airconditioning system is a daunting task. One of the major concerns is the needed cost to acquire this advanced type of chiller. However, it was proven that the savings that the users will get from using MagLev chillers are more than enough to offset the acquisition charges. Hence, a lot of people find the use of MagLev chillers as a wise move. MagLev chillers generated overwhelming support from the public when it got positive approval from the Navy Technology Validation Program (NTVP). Since 2004, the NTVP was tasked to handle case studies about emerging technologies. It tests multiple facets of a subject, including potential applications, costeffectiveness, maintenance- costs, and if it complies with all the federal mandates. The results of NTVP’s study suggested the use of MagLev chillers in the entire United States. This is because of one compelling reasonMagLev chillers constitute great savings! The NTVP highlighted that MagLev chillers are best for partial load applications. Also, it stated that the return on investment (ROI) of this chiller would be generated more or less 6.4 years from the time of installation. Indeed, with this turnaround time, your investment is all worth it. According to NTVP, people can use MagLev chillers as a retrofit or as a brand new airconditioning system. So, if you own an establishment and you want to save a lot, you must install your MagLev chillers now. -end-
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M AY
2020
NEWS
COVID-19 Ventilation and Air Conditioning Guidance
ASHRAE on COVID-19 HVAC Concerns
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COVID-19: How Indoor Air Quality Can Affect Your Health
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OVID-19 or the coronavirus, is a recently discovered infectious disease that has resulted in a global mobilization against its spread through stringent government mandates such as enforced community quarantines, social distancing, and limited use of services and utilities. Despite the sound validity for the implementation of these laws, their effects on the economy, businesses, utilities, and industries have been detrimental and disadvantageous to say the least. As the coronavirus disease advances across the globe, many individuals have wondered if the virus could be transmitted via the air. According to current evidence, COVID-19 virus is primarily transmitted between people
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through respiratory droplets and contact routes. Luckily, in an analysis of 75,465 COVID-19 cases in China, airborne transmission was not reported. While the populace must still be vigilant and practice keeping safe and clean, the inability for the coronavirus to travel by air is a relief for the HVAC industry. However, remnants of the coronavirus can still stay in water particles in the air, which is different from being airborne. As such, unwary people walking in a space where sneezing and coughing had just occurred may contract the floating virus. To prevent their spread via this method, HVAC contractors are working tirelessly to create new and update HVAC systems
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with state-of-the-art air purifying capabilities. HVAC contractors are at the forefront in the war against dirty, possibly disease-ridden air. Safeguarding the air we breathe against possible threats, these HVAC contractors and technicians are among the many noble professional individuals and public health workers in the battle against COVID-19. As with SARS (which is also a strain of coronavirus) in 2003, the airborne nature of the new coronavirus (part of the same family of viruses as SARS) puts the epidemic — and its prevention and containment — front and center for HVAC professionals.
According to The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and AirConditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) president WIlliam Bahnfleth, any air cleaner that can remove particles from the air has the basic ability to reduce one’s exposure to coronavirus. Having said this, more efficient air cleaners are outfitted with equally efficient filters that are able to isolate the virus from the air itself. This means that some air cleaners are more advantageous than others and have a significant impact on how likely people are to get infected by the airborne route. Despite this requirement, COVID-19 is still very small, measuring about 0.06 and 0.14 microns in size. Thus, air cleaners must have air filters that can isolate viruses of that size. Another way of disinfecting the air is by ultraviolet light. “UV disinfection systems for HVAC complement conventional filtration by addressing microorganisms that are small enough to pass through
filters,� Engel said. Surface-cleaning UV-C systems provide 24/7 irradiation of HVAC components to eradicate bacteria, viruses, and mold that settle and fester on coils, air filters, ducts, and drain pans, preventing the production of pathogens that may become airborne and get circulated by HVAC systems. A system installed for HVAC surface irradiation, while not solely designed for it, can also provide first-pass kill ratios of airborne pathogens of up to 30 percent. According to ASHRAE, the germicidal wavelength can kill 90 percent of all microorganisms living on HVAC air ducts and evaporator coils, depending on wavelength intensity and length of exposure. While solutions like filters and UV can undoubtedly air HVAC contractors tackle COVID-19 concerns and ease the panic among their buyers, Bahnfleth also suggested recommending better 103
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HVAC contractors are at the forefront in the war against dirty, possibly disease-ridden air. Safeguarding the air we breathe against possible threats, these HVAC contractors and technicians are among the many noble professional individuals and public health workers in the battle against COVID-19
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According to The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) president WIlliam Bahnfleth, any air cleaner that can remove particles from the air has the basic ability to reduce one’s exposure to coronavirus.
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filters, humidity control, room air cleaners, and home UV products in order to fully defend the indoor air from potential viruses lingering in the microscopic droplets of water in the air. Needless to say, HVAC is part of the disease prevention equation, but it does indeed have its limitations. At the end of the day, whether one contracts COVID-19 is solely up to how hygenic that person is, how strict they are in following government-mandated lockdowns, and how careful they are when interacting with the outside world.
Bahnfleth advised contractors to brush up on other, non-HVAC-related strategies to share with their clients as well in order to bend the curve. “Risk reduction involves doing a number of different things, and engineering controls is not the only thing you should do. Things like hygiene, being careful about whether you touch your face, whether you’re shaking hands with people, whether you’re washing your hands frequently… those, in many ways, are just as important.” Bahnfleth said, hammering the point of vigilance for all. -end-
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JUNE
2020
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Converting a Hotel to COVID-19 Isolation Rooms is a Huge HVAC Challenge
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he coronavirus outbreak has yet to subside even after a month into the second quarter of the year. Save for a handful of countries, the majority of the planet’s population is still reeling from the adverse effects of the virus. The world is gradually adjusting to this viral outbreak with nothing but a sliver of a chance at full recovery. While there exists a great number of people highly impacted by the virus due to lack of efficient shelter, there are also those who are coping with the pandemic in the comfort of their own air-conditioned homes. However, it does beg the question: are home air-conditioning systems actually spreading COVID-19 instead of filtering it out?
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A new piece of evidence by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention published in the journal Emerging Infectious Diseases suggests so. The newly published study discovered that 9 people were infected with COVID-19 simply by sitting within the vicinity of an air-conditioning vent in a restaurant in Wuhan, China, where the coronavirus had first been identified and spread. The research determined that one asymptomatic individual in the eatery managed to infect others as their contagious droplets were circulated by the restaurant’s airconditioning unit. Thereafter, 4 people at the person’s table later tested positive for COVID-19, as well as 5 people seated at neighboring tables. John Lednicky, PhD, a microbiology and virology research specialist within the University of Florida’s College of Public Health and Health Professions explained that airconditioning systems work to cool enclosed spaces by removing humidity from the air, since water vapor can hold onto heat. However, moisture also exists to give weight to infectious droplets and particles floating through the air. Should water vapor be removed to cool the air, it may also enable infectious droplets to linger longer than 118
they would outside or in another space where humidity is higher. Sadly, the beloved air-conditioners that remove the water vapor in order to give people cool comfort are also unintentionally extending the virus’ lifespan. In spite of the study’s potential inferences on the world governments’ social distancing mandates, Lednicky says the exposure to COVID-19 is made most possible via exposure to other people. If people have practiced safe social distancing measures consistently or have been isolating themselves from the outside world, they should not be worried about turning on the air-conditioner in their homes. While this sounds paradoxical given the study’s previous findings, Lednicky says “The bottom line is, you know, as long as you’re not hosting parties or have a lot of unknowingly sick people coming into your home, air conditioning isn’t going to be a problem, especially if you’re actively practicing social distancing measures when you need to step out of the house, and otherwise quarantining yourself and your family at home.”
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Whether one believes so or not, airconditioning systems have always had the ability to influence and even encourage viral output: infectious particles from any respiratory virus can potentially be circulated by HVAC systems anywhere, at any time.
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While air-conditioners are there to comfort us in the hottest of days, there are clear benefits of sacrificing a day or two of cold air. But, more effective than turning on the AC, is once again to distance oneself from everyone else.
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Whether one believes so or not, air-conditioning systems have always had the ability to influence and even encourage viral output: infectious particles from any respiratory virus can potentially be circulated by HVAC systems anywhere, at any time. But the concern for this virus is emphasized and made more extreme because there is currently no vaccine available for COVID-19. Because the vaccine has yet to be made, immunity is largely at risk even with everyone practicing social distancing measures as best as they can. In the same study, there were 73 other individuals who ate at the five-story restaurant that day, but none ended up testing positive for COVID-19 aside from the previously mentioned. It is speculated that the restaurant’s high ceilings were the reason that more people were not infected. As Lednicky explains, viral particles tend to drift upwards towards the ceiling as they circulate. On the flip side, it also could have been potentially worse: air flow and how many vents are in the room can magnify the risk of coming into contact with droplets carrying COVID-19. Obviously, the more people in the room, the more likely air conditioning can play a negative role. In conclusion, while air-conditioners are there to comfort us in the hottest of days, there are clear benefits of sacrificing a day or two of cold air. But, more effective than turning on the AC, is once again to distance oneself from everyone else. -end-
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J U LY
2020
NEWS
Efficacy and Aesthetics: What Makes A WellDesigned Furnace Filter?
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Plumbing, Heating & Air Conditioning Offers Tips for Indoor Air Quality
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IDEA and ASHRAE Sign Memorandum of Understanding
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few months have passed since the initial coronavirus outbreak spread across the world and caused the countries to implement extreme albeit completely valid rulesets such as community quarantines, nationwide lockdowns, mass testing operations, and medical frontline endeavors, among other methods to buttress the coronavirus’ spread. Recently, however, governments from around the world are slowly deeming it safe for businesses to reopen and for people to return to their workspaces and pre-pandemic lives. While most countries who have successfully combated the virus are well-suited to encourage their citizens to return to work, many countries are still experiencing the adverse effects of COVID-19 and allowing people to return to the office poses a risk to each individual there. In response to the very real threat of spreading COVID-19, office building employers, building owners and managers, and building operations specialists can take steps to create a safe and healthy workplace and protect workers and clients.
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Here are a few tips to build a safe work environment in the workspace:
1. Before resuming business operations, check the building to see if it’s ready for occupancy. Ensure that ventilation systems in your facility are working properly. Refrain from opening windows and doors as doing so poses a safety or health risk for the employees. Evaluate the building and its mechanical and life safety systems to determine if the building is ready for occupancy. Check for hazards associated with prolonged facility shutdown such as mold growth , rodents or pests , or issues with stagnant water systems, and take appropriate remedial actions as the presence of germs and pests increases one’s chance of contracting an illness.
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2. Identify where and how workers might be exposed to COVID-19 at work. Since employers are responsible for providing a safe and healthy workplace, they must conduct a thorough hazard assessment of the facility to identify potential workplace hazards that could increase risks for COVID-19 transmission. Identify work and common areas where employees could have close contact (within 6 feet) with others. Examples of these types of rooms are meeting rooms, break rooms, the cafeteria, locker rooms, checkin areas, waiting areas, smoking stations, comfort rooms, lounges, and routes of entry and exit, among others. Include all employees in the workplace in communication plans — for example management, staff, utility employees, relief employees, janitorial staff, maintenance staff, and supervisory staff. If contractors are employed in the workplace, develop plans to communicate with the contracting company regarding modifications to work processes and requirements for the contractors to prevent transmission of COVID-19.
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Inspect filter housing and racks to ensure appropriate filter fit and check for ways to minimize filter bypass Consider running the building ventilation system even during unoccupied times to maximize dilution ventilation.
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While the HVAC system installed in the facility no doubt plays a role in either spreading or preventing the spread of COVID-19, it once again falls upon the actual employees and employers and how they behave.
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3. Take steps to improve ventilation in the building Increase the percentage of outdoor air potentially as high as 100% by using economizer modes of HVAC operations. If possible, also increase the total airflow supply to occupied spaces. Inspect filter housing and racks to ensure appropriate filter fit and check for ways to minimize filter bypass Consider running the building ventilation system even during unoccupied times to maximize dilution ventilation.
4. Educate employees and supervisors about steps they can take to protect themselves at work. Communication and safety training must be implemented to the entire office. Topics for these talks or workshops must include signs and symptoms of infection, staying home when ill, social distancing, personal protective equipment, hand hygiene practices, and identifying and minimizing potential routes of transmission at work, at home, and in the community. Encourage workers to use no-touch waste receptacles when possible. Remind employees to avoid touching their eyes, nose, and mouth. Employees should wear a cloth face covering to cover their nose and mouth in all areas of the business. While the HVAC system installed in the facility no doubt plays a role in either spreading or preventing the spread of COVID-19, it once again falls upon the actual employees and employers and how they behave. It may not matter if an office is equipped with state-of-the-art air conditioning systems, heaters, or ventilation if the employees themselves do not practice distancing, do not clean their surfaces, wash their hands, wear a cloth mask, or the like. In conclusion, one may also choose to review the CDC Interim Guidance for Businesses and Employers which provides guidelines and recommendations that all employers can use to protect their workers and clients. -end-
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In a time where people are encouraged to stay six feet apart from each other and avoid confined spaces, naturally, many are concerned about the health safety of air travel. This comes as no surprise since last January 24 when the novel coronavirus spread was limited, nine people eating at a restaurant in Guangzhou were infected by a diner from Wuhan who unknowingly had the disease. The study regarding this scenario revealed that even social distancing has limitations. Of the nine infected diners, two were seated ten feet away at a separate table from the customer from Wuhan.
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The key factor that contributed to this infection was the direction of air flow as concluded by the researchers at the Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The restaurant where this infection occurred has no windows and relies solely on air conditioners that ingest air from inside and blow it back out. Because of this, the large droplets that should have remained in the air for a short time and traveled only short distances had been propagated by the strong airflow from the air conditioners. Airflow and ventilation now become a relevant factor in aircrafts, as airplanes are thought to function like that of the restaurant: recycling air within itself. However, the direction of airflow is actually different in an aircraft. Instead of moving the air horizontally across the tables and diners, the airflow in the aircraft cabin moves vertically. Air comes out of the top of the cabin and on the side walls. It is then ingested out through the grilles on the bottom of the cabin. This design practically creates a vertical airflow direction, and under normal circumstances, microbes will not pass through the ventilation system of the aircraft, according to the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC) in February. This is thanks to the fact that airplanes replace the cabin air every two to three minutes. As the aircraft engines pull fresh air in, they mix it with the cabin air that goes through a High-Efficiency Particle Filters (HEPA), capturing over 99.97% of micron particles.
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This design practically creates a vertical airflow direction, and under normal circumstances, microbes will not pass through the ventilation system of the aircraft, according to the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC) in February.
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HEPA filters have indicated good performance in screening particles of the SARS-CoV-2 virus size as advised by the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) in April.
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HEPA filters have indicated good performance in screening particles of the SARS-CoV-2 virus size as advised by the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) in April. Most aircraft already employ these types of filters in their cabins, and that is what Seattle-based design firm Teague takes advantage of. In order to put up precautionary measures in crowded spaces, like an aircraft cabin, and prepare for extreme cases, such as a passenger sneezing or coughing without a mask, Teague plans on retrofitting HEPA filters in most airplanes. The plan is to divert the air downward at high pressure. This way, it will not circulate to the neighboring seats, thus keeping even the middle seat, which airlines typically empty to practice social distancing, safe and sound. The company explains that rather than distance, airflow should be kept in mind when setting up precautionary measures against COVID-19. Although the HEPA filters are already an asset in itself, Teague proposed a design that will take things a step further. This design will create invisible germ isolation units, all with the use of blades of air. Teague calls them AirShield, which function in a similar way to the 176
warm or cold air curtains people typically see inside airports and retail stores. The typical air curtain is meant to keep the warm or cool air inside the vicinity, but the concept of the AirShield is to create a barrier around each seat and disrupt the normal airflow. With this, any particulate matter hanging in the air of each seat will immediately be directed downward and out of the cabin via the HEPA filters. The AirShield is practically a “grill” made out of 3D-printed nozzles that aircraft technicians can simply retrofit over the existing air gaspers. For those airlines who don’t have HEPA filters, they should simply turn off recirculation fans to avoid the use of recycled cabin air completely. CAAC, on the other hand, advised airports to increase their ventilation in terminals, as well. Although EASA suggests that there be an empty seat between passengers like most airlines are already employing, this is not actually mandatory. They do suggest that passengers wear a mask while inside the cabin, something that will be impractical to do in restaurants. - End -
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To protect the health, welfare, and safety of the entire population, it is essential that the health, welfare, and safety of students across the globe is also taken care of. The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) believe that because SARS-CoV-2 is highly likely to be transmitted through the air, airborne exposure to the COVID-19 causing virus should be controlled and prevented. To achieve this, changes to building operations, including heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems should be put in place to reduce such airborne exposure.
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With that, ASHRAE has drawn up a guide on how schools and universities can reopen their facilities safely despite the raging coronavirus pandemic. The 41page guide was formulated as a way to retrofit and plan for indoor air quality improvement, ultimately slowing the transmission of pathogens through HVAC systems. The underlying concept is for the improved design to increase the concentration of outside air inside the school and treat return air. To determine the readiness of the schools to be reoccupied after shut-down, ASHRAE has recommended a step-by-step strategy. 1. Establish a Campus or District Health and Safety Committee, which involves all stakeholders, such as administration, operations and education staff, environmental health and safety, and local healthcare providers. 2. Develop policies for the proper use of personal protective equipment (PPE) for staff and contractors, following the guidelines set by local authority, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 3. Do not defer the maintenance cycle for semi-annual or annual scheduled equipment maintenance if activity can be performed safely. 4. Whenever workers could be at risk, defer semi-annual or annual equipment maintenance whenever for up to 60 days until such time that personnel safety can be accomplished. 5.Perform Checklist No. 1 Summer Checklist for Fall Start of Classes during the summer period before schools reopen for occupancy. 6.At least one week prior to occupancy, operate all HVAC in occupied mode. 7.Perform Checklist No. 2 Startup Checklist for HVAC Systems Prior to Occupancy during the week before occupancy begins in schools.
Checklist No. 1 Summer Checklist for Fall Start of Classes • Check design guidance for potential modifications in the system for compliance with the ASHRAE guide. • Review existing spaces and their air distribution conditions. Specifically, check covered diffusers, overly closed supply diffusers/registers and exhaust/return grilles that create short cycling, and blocked return grilles. Commissioning or balancing professionals can also check for possible measurements of airflow, while design professionals can review overall system configuration. • If there are any existing indoor air quality issues, review them, along with records of documents. Make sure to investigate the current status of identified complaints and deficiencies, as well. 183
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Establish a Campus or District Health and Safety Committee, which involves all stakeholders, such as administration, operations and education staff, environmental health and safety, and local healthcare providers.
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Review existing spaces and their air distribution conditions. Specifically, check covered diffusers, overly closed supply diffusers/registers and exhaust/return grilles that create short cycling, and blocked return grilles. 189
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• Do a general inspection of spaces for the identification of potential issues like mold growth and water leaks. • Make sure sinks and lavatories are functional with enough supply of soap in dispensers for hand washing. • Consider the completion of deferred and preventive maintenance projects that can potentially improve the facility, such as:
o Cleaning and disinfecting building surfaces, particularly those touched frequently o Consider asbestos abatement and lead paint abatement works whenever applicable o Consider repairing and improving ramps, walkways, handrails, etc. o Consider improving grounds works like improving water drainage away from buildings, shading facilities to help in cooling, and planting native plants for better water penetration into the ground
• Verify that systems are operating properly in accordance to the guidelines to keep the required humidity, temperature, and ventilation conditions in occupied areas. 192
Checklist No. 2 Startup Checklist for HVAC Systems Prior to Occupancy • Proper indoor air humidity and temperature should be maintained for both human comfort and reduction of the spread of airborne pathogens. This will also limit the potential growth of molds in the buildings. • Maintain the temperature in each space in the facility with handheld instruments and portable data loggers. • Consider having a qualified Testing, Adjusting, and Balancing (TAB) service provider measure and balance the airflows and building pressurization. • Consider having design professionals review the airflows and system capacities to identify if additional ventilation is needed. • Verify that filters are installed correctly and craft standards for the frequency of replacing filters and the type that should be used. - End 193
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Ventilation Standards for Buildings Converted to COVID-19 Hospitals
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C O V E R
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Meet the New President of
ASHRAE
A
SHRAE is a diverse global society dedicated to advancing the arts and sciences of heating, ventilation, air conditioning and refrigeration to serve humanity and promote a sustainable world. Industry classifications include: consulting engineers, contractors, commissioning, manufacturers, manufacturing representatives, government, health, education, design build and architects. The Society’s goal is to serve as a source of technical standards and guidelines to buildings professionals. ASHRAE publishes 4000+ standards for the design and maintenance of indoor environments. Areas of focus include refrigerant emission reduction, building energy conservation, indoor environmental quality, and thermal comfort.
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Standards are developed to provide HVAC, refrigeration and building professionals access to up-to-date procedures when designing, constructing, testing, operating, and maintaining facility services solutions. The Society is leading the way through awareness and engagement by creating networks and establishing new strategic partnerships to expand opportunities for engagement, not only within the HVAC&R industry, but across the many industry sectors that also have a stake in digital transformation, lean collaboration and sustainability. Through standards, research, publishing, and professional development; ASHRAE shapes tomorrow’s built environment today.
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Past ASHRAE was founded in 1894 and was formed in 1959 by the merger of the American Society of Heating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHAE), and the American Society of Refrigerating Engineers (ASRE), founded in 1904. The year 2020 marks the 125th anniversary of the start of our journey.
Present ASHRAE has more than 54,000 members in 132 nations. This membership base is spread across 196 Chapters and 15 Regions around the world. Our reach has become truly global. Our milestone anniversary is also marked this year with a significant change. The ASHRAE headquarters is moving its current home in north Atlanta to Peachtree Corners, GA. Our journey continues from the original incorporation in New York. This move, however, is not your classic real estate play. We have purchased 1970’s era existing infrastructure to demonstrate to the world how attic stock assets can be revitalized to deliver high-performance, net-zero functionality. Construction is almost complete, and the move-in begins in October 2020. The photovoltaic infrastructure should be complete by March of 2021.
Why Should Engineers join ASHRAE? Through membership in ASHRAE, stakeholders can benefit from the opportunity to expand their professional network through involvement with likeminded individuals. Volunteer engagement fosters collaborative, consensus development of HVAC guidance for our ecosystem. Membership also allows professionals to keep up-to-date on the latest technologies. ASHRAE is the room to be in!
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About The Leader: GN:
Please introduce yourself. Tell us about your humble beginnings, your past achievements and your family.
ASHRAE:
My name is Chuck Gulledge and I am the 2020-2021 ASHRAE Society President. I was born and raised in the small railroading town of Hamlet, North Carolina. My father passed away from cancer complications when I was only 7 years old. My mother was a high school French teacher. Being just the two of us, our summers were spent with my grandparents working on the family farm. My grandfather was my inspiration for becoming an engineer. He was the consummate machinist, engineer, and farmer. He taught me how things were built, how they operate, and how food gets on the table. I still have a photo on our wall at home of the old 1940’s era Allis Chalmers tractor I used to drive to plow the fields. He also prepared me for responding to change. He immigrated to America as a boy from northern Italy, with his sister and mother; none having the capacity to speak English well. His courage to move his family to a new world has always inspired me to have the courage to face, and embrace, change. Change is upon the HVAC ecosystem.
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Upon graduating high school, I embarked on a career in Engineering; attending North Carolina State University in Raleigh, North Carolina. I received my Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering in 1983. Now some 37 years out, I am a registered Professional Engineer in the states of NC, GA, SC, VA, KY, and AL. I have had the pleasure and fortune to be associated with designing, constructing, and operating built solutions for a myriad of market sectors across the Engineering and Construction (E&C) ecosystem. I remain in awe when I reflect on the teachings of a hands on mentor (my grandfather) that afforded me engagement into the world of vehicular tunnels, mass transit systems, moveable swing bridges, manufacturing, mission critical, life sciences, health care, institutional, commercial, hospitality, sports, consumer products, and pharmaceutical. 203
C O V E R
S T O R Y
GN:
What is your Leadership Style?
ASHRAE:
Leadership, for me personally, emanates from what I have learned from my predecessors, specifically my grandfather. I am a firm believer in a kinesthetic philosophy that engages one in tactical learning. Tell and demonstrate techniques just don’t compare to understand and physically resolve actions. We should all be so fortunate to be asked as a kid to break down an engine, explain what each part does, and put it back together on our own. Let’s evolve that example into a more relevant E&C narrative. Built solutions that seek to optimize the whole require us to have insight and understanding of interdependencies. We must understand, before we can resolve.
GN:
Let’s talk about the future of ASHRAE. Describe what the future of the most successful organization in the world?
ASHRAE:
The E&C ecosystem is burdened with fragmented silos, lack of digitization, stagnant productivity, disconnected information, and the weeds of waste. We face a significant transformation, by force and maturation. Industry 4.0 and the Digital Age of Connection are changing almost every facet of the design, construction, and operation of built solutions. Work, workforce, and workplace are evolving. Let’s explore these evolutions in a little more detail. Our ecosystem is beginning to understand the power of Lean philosophy. We are responding to the manufacturing axiom of “That which does add Value is Waste!” We are beginning to see the de-construction of silos and the implementation of Lean Collaboration. 204
All that a digital world affords us allows us to seek Value and make customer experiences better. Digital, itself, is relieving us of the tedious and repetitive task approach to solution delivery. We are reinventing our workforce to act strategically and analytically. We are improving our productivity! We are learning how to connect knowledge and make it portable via one, single-truth, narrative. Data silos along the supply chain are being eliminated. It is fascinating to see the development of Digital Twins in the hands of an owner coming to bear. We have the capacity to evolve from reactive fix, to predictive response. Connectivity allows us to engage all stakeholders from anywhere in the world, at any time, by anybody. The digital model becomes the database of all project knowledge for the life of the building. Digital precision allows us to challenge where work results are physically performed. We can now break the sequential Start-to-Finish supply chain and build assemblies, equipment, rooms, and floors in parallel off-site. Truth be told, we can actually build an entire building off-site in modules and transport it to the actual project site for just-in-time configuration. Why do this? We can improve economy and time, verify constructability, eliminate rework, increase productivity, integrate vertical supply chain management, and improve quality. That which Manufacturing learned years ago is making its way into the E&C ecosystem. 205
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C O V E R
S T O R Y
The Covid-19 Pandemic: GN:
What have we learned about the pandemic and what HVAC professionals should know?
ASHRAE:
On a somber note, the year 2020 will live in infamy as the year of the global pandemic. We are all witnesses to unfathomable human tragedy, supply chain disruption, co-location event stoppage, and business destruction. Sadly, there are too many things we do not know yet about the SARS-CoV-2 virus, or the resulting Covid-19 disease impact to humans. What Insight do we have as of Fall 2020? SARS-CoV-2 is an RNA virus with a lipid envelope. Research shows that the particle size of this virus is approximately 0.10 – 0.12 µm (micrometer). And as it is human generated, the virus is typically trapped in respiratory droplets and droplet nuclei that are predominantly ≥ 1 µm. We understand it can survive for hours in the air and for days on surfaces. Unfortunately, we do not have clarity on the shedding rate and infectious dose parameters. 208
GN:
How is ASHRAE helping the global fight and mitigation?
ASHRAE:
ASHRAE is aggressively participating in the risk mitigation efforts of the Covid-19 hazard via its Epidemic Task Force (ETF). While the formation of the ETF was an immediate response to the Covid-19 development, knowledge is being captured to also respond to future pandemics that may arise. To understand where ASHRAE’s contributions align, one must understand the classical 5-step “Hierarchy of Controls” related to minimizing and/or eliminating exposure to a hazard. The most effective response is physical removal of the hazard (Elimination). Replacement of the hazard (Substitution) follows next, but we cannot substitute one pathogen for another, in this case. Engineering Controls attempt to mitigate transmission of the hazard. The final two steps (and decreasing efficacy) focus on changing the way people work (Administrative Controls), followed lastly by protecting the people with Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). We should distinguish the roles of importance and effectiveness related to Administrative Controls and PPE. Both are critical components of a holistic response. Efficacy of Administrative Controls and PPE, however, is dependent on being observed and implemented properly by people. Distancing must be observed, but it is not. Masks must be the correct type and worn properly, but they are not. Efficacy, therefore, is variable based on human behavior. The importance of distancing and masks, however, are critical elements in risk mitigation; as they help to reduce the bioburden in the space.
Top 10 Tips to Avoid Covid-19 within Built Environment: Engineering Controls: • Effective ventilation to dilute concentration of contaminant and increase exposure time required for exposure to infectious dose. • Conversion of filtration to at least MERV-13 for non-healthcare facilities. • Germicidal UV light for space upper air surface disinfection. • Germicidal UV light for in-duct/coil surface disinfection. • Improved pressurization to isolate or contain contaminant. • Adjustment of air distribution velocities in the breathing zone to mitigate droplet spread. • Portable germicidal UV light for space surface disinfection. • Optimize low-range relative humidity to mitigate susceptibility via mucosa desiccation.
Administrative Controls: • Separate individuals to mitigate exposure from aerosol and large droplet spray via distance, traffic patterns, and occupancy levels.
PPE: • Wear well-fitted, high efficiency masks (e.g., N95) to protect wearer from local transmission of contaminant. Clothe masks do not necessarily qualify as highly effective PPE, although they do reduce the amount of inhaled infectious aerosol. More importantly, clothe masks function as a “personal engineering control” that alters emission characteristics from the source. 209
C O V E R
S T O R Y
What are the Engineering Controls that factor into minimizing transmission of the hazard? Ventilation dilutes contaminants and increases time required for exposure to an infectious dose. Filtration efficacy varies with MERV rating, airborne travel, and airflow circulation rate. Pressurization works to isolate or contain spread. Air distribution velocities influence droplet travel. Disinfection techniques can disrupt the DNA/RNA composition of the virus. Some studies suggest that temperature and humidity levels have an influence on personal infection risk; but there are geo-specific and operational tradeoffs to consider. ASHRAE is uniquely qualified to provide guidance on the design, operation, and maintenance of HVAC systems to help reduce the risks associated with pathogen transmission. The ASHRAE ETF has been assimilating research, disseminating risk mitigation guidance, and conducting targeted education for all ecosystem stakeholders. One can find a vast amount of objective based guidance on the ASHRAE ETF web portal, which can be found on the ASHRAE webpage (ashrae. org)
POSITION DOCUMENTS
ENERGY RECOVERY
MAINTENANCE
TRAINING
& J O U R N A L PA P E R S
SCHOOL & UNIVERSITY
OUTDOOR AIR
F I LT R AT I O N
S TA N D A R D S &
M U LT I F A M I LY
L I T E R AT U R E
GUIDELINES
STATEMENTS
BAS
TECHNICAL
COMMITTEES
CONFERENCE
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H E A LT H C A R E
REVIEW / SCIENTIFIC
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COMMERCIAL
GN:
How will HVAC and the built-environment look like in a post-pandemic world?
ASHRAE:
The pandemic has raised acute awareness of health across the entire built word portfolio. Wellness, or concern for personal health, has quickly developed for building occupants. One could postulate that a healthcare mindset is suddenly applicable to all facilities that we design, construct, and operate. This extreme shift in perspective, however, does not change what HVAC systems attempt to accomplish. When it comes to risk mitigation, HVAC systems provide us with an effective response (Engineering Controls) in reducing the risk of aerosol and airborne transmission exposure. We have the knowledge to focus on effective ventilation, pressurization, distribution, filtration, disinfection, and temperature/ humidity control to achieve this desired impact. As the aggregated knowledge from our ETF reminds us; we must understand, then resolve based on Insight. Looking further to the future, resilience becomes a focal consideration. Building HVAC systems must become adaptable to, and recoverable from, indoor and outdoor hazards. Covid-19 provides us with a prime example of indoor impact. Consider the outdoor impact of air quality disruption from wildfires, per se.
Trivia: I have been blessed with so many wonderful opportunities in life, many of which align with my personal and professional passions. Aspects that I look back on and smile about include: • I am a fan of professional hockey. One of my most enjoyable technical projects was designing the ice floor, refrigeration plant, and RO/DI water conditioning plant for the Carolina Hurricanes when they first moved to North Carolina and played for 2 years in Greensboro NC. • I love live theater and entertainment. I performed live one time with Cirque du Soleil during one of their traveling tent shows held in North Carolina. Being pulled from the crowd to assist the clowns during a set break was more than they bargained for. My ability to speak French created an “on the fly” script pivot and warm embraces from the support cast, after I disappeared... • Working the land is, perhaps, my greatest passion; be it food for the table or landscaping. My wife, who is also an engineer and lover of the land, and I designed our own water feature in our back yard to provide tranquil visuals and sounds of relaxation. Our paradise is full of hibiscus, marigold, phlox, candytuft, lantana, vinca, daisy, azalea, dogwood, iris, mandevilla, rose, hosta, daylily, ornamental maple, and flowing water. Our thumbs are quite green.
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