IP Anthropology of Landscape (Facebook: Landscape Anthropology) Valencia, Spain, May 2011 Anna Ruminska architect, cultural anthropologist Wroclaw, Poland emsa.relacje@gmail.com www.emsarelacje.pl mobile +48.660.968.363 University of Lower Silesia International Institute for the Study of Culture and Education
http://www.mojeopinie.pl/szwajcarska_bitwa_o_minarety,3,1259946263
thesis: 1. This presentation is as a text and graphic model of space and landscape variety and complexity 2. Level of your confusion reflects the level of landscape complexity 3. The more heterogenious and complexed landscape is the more culture complexity it reflects 4. Regulated actings to urban landscape generate wrong ladnscape and culture communication: no complexity at all 5. In fact it is not reality nor contemporary culture
phoneme? architecture sign? in cultural landscape text of culture?
contents: •introduction •landscape architecturizing •(starting point?) •landscape influence on architecture
•scales and types of perception •architectural synthax of physical urban landscape 2
Poland Polska
University of Lower Silesia
Wrocław
International Institute for the Study of Culture and Education
VrotzLOVE
www.dswe.pl
www.iisce.org
fot. Wojtek Gurak http://www.flickr.com/photos/wojtekgurak/3847259359/
VrotzLove Meeting Place
4 Photo: Szewska Street, Wrocław, Poland 2011 / Anna Rumioska
education architect
objects P O S T M O D E R N I S T
my interest anthropologist
space
thinking
20 May 2010
6
landscape architecturizing starting point: movement decission
the thought http://www.123rf.com/stock-photo/foot_print.html
http://www.funnyanimalsite.com/pictures/Deer_Snow_Path.htm
http://www.rgbstock.com/photo/mhitxxO/Traces
going. walking. riding. moving - ZONING
http://pixdaus.com/single.php?id=150431
http://www.dallasphotoworks.com/my_weblog/2010/02/home-snow-storm-dallas-fort-worth-texaskeller-winter-weather-slush-ice-trace-ridge-parkway-dsc_1393.html
http://www.tahoeculture.com/category/green-tahoe/
http://www.responsibletravel.com/holiday/5418/trans-asian-express-beijing-to-tashkent
trace STABILITY. route CREATION
http://photodoto.com/channel-mixer-recipes/
http://irudi.photoshelter.com/gallery-image/Argentina/G0000scnOGiQfrR0/I0000iGMXzRAPI2M
Isfahan Province, Iran, XVI cent.
Ester, Alaska, USA, 1900
http://armchairtravelogue.blogspot.com/2009/03/maranjab-caravanserai-isfahan-province.html
http://www.old-picture.com/american-adventure/The-Old-Inn.htm
architecture BIRTH. landscape CHANGE Nicosia, Cyprus, XVI cent.
Sopot, Poland, XVI cent. http://www.skansen.kudowa.pl/atrakcje.htm
http://www.travelforum.pl/mini-przewodnik-po-cyprze/7109-cypr-p-nocny-pod-panowaniem-tureckim.html
urbanization Tokyo, Japan 2011
http://www.tokyore.net/guide_to_tokyo.html
suburbanization Markham suburbs, Canada, 1794
http://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plik:Markham-suburbs_aerialedit2.jpg&filetimestamp=20071020121108
counter-urbanization Crawley New Town, England 1946
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schoolradio/subjects/history/britainsince1930s/society/new_town
semi-urbanization Nowe Nieboczowy, Poland 2011
http://forum.gkw24.pl/viewtopic.php?f=10&t=2952&start=0
landscape influence on architecture Japan 2011
Physical changes of landscape image have stronge influence to people’s perception of landscape. Lack of physical changes in landscape does not generate so much fear as in cases of wide disaster. Physical change and the feeling of disaster concerns mainly architecture as the people’s heritage or main work of their lives.
USA 2011
landscape sudden change causes fear and integration
Poland 2010
stone houses Tuscany, Italy, XIII cent.
brick houses Madagaskar
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:M ardin_stone_houses_02148.jpg
http://photos.wildmadagascar.org/ima ges/red_brick_houses_0025.shtml
wooden houses New Siberia
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Traditional_Wo oden_House_in_Tomsk_-_Siberia_-_Russia_02.JPG
Temple of million bottles Sisaket Thailand 13500 plastic bottles house Serbia http://inspirationgreen.com/house-built-from13500-plastic-bottles.html
straw houses Tenerife 1901
http://expediatenerifeproperty.wordpress.com/2009/07/21/old-photos-of-loscristianos-in-tenerife-the-way-it-once-was/los-cristianos-straw-house-1909/
material daub houses Masai terytory, Kenya
http://www.colobusafaris.com/ma sai%20Tribe.html
sand houses New Mexico
http://www.free-desktop-backgrounds.net/Architecturewallpapers/House-architecture/Taos-New-Mexico-sand-houses.html
mountains, snow load sloped roofs Zakopane, Poland
http://www.mariuszjurkowski.com/Architektura/slides/Zakopane.html http://http://www.architectureweek.com/2003/0101/culture_2-1.html
wattle, reed, daub Braid construction Masai terytory, Tanzania
rivers, mud brick architecture, moduled India
lowlands, lots of reed reed roofs Nordstrand, Germany
form
http://www.rgbstock.com/photo/mhitxxO/Traces
flat land, many people minarets in islamic culture Cairo, Egypt
http://meigainalaska.blogspot.com/2008/02/in-city-of-thousand-minarets.html
mud mosque local, unlimited, seasonal Djenne, Mali, XIII cent.
http://www.faculty.fairfield.edu/faculty/hodgson/Courses/so191/Proj ects2009/Reichert/HISTORY_FINAL.html
white houses reflecting sun rays Casares Malaga Spain
blue houses blue keeps insects away they treat blue as water and stay away
http://siezeeldia.com/2009/02/03/white-and-night-casares/blindingwhite-houses-in-casares1/
Jodhpur Rajastan India
http://www.deconcrete.org/page/2/
colour
green roof houses high-insulation wild turf Sweden
http://pixdaus.com/single.php?id=150431
Falu Red houses local copper mining iron pigment Sweden
http://helenafrithpowell.com/2007/07/page/2
trees, wood beam and pole symbolic meaning” „Cosmic Tree” (and other parts of a house) http://www.siedlec.pl/cms_112_5.html
http://clccharter.org/grace1/pictures.html
blue houses Holy Mother symbolic colour
semiotic
stone, sun, moon – symbols, gods Aztek pyramids – pyraimd’s semiotic
http://www.garnek.pl/artex12/11694677/niebieska-chata-sierpc-skansen
Feng Shui philosophy REN People’s Building Shanghai, China
scales types perception +
nature as the intruder hierarchy of narrative: above: esthetical (lawn as it should be) below: natural (daisies as they grow)
photo: Anna Rumioska, Wrocław, Poland, 2010
of
This girl is semi-blind. She concentrates at main place of her life: the playground. She works hard on details of the playground equipment.
Zuza pays attention at streets, nor houses, because she has no friends in the houses. She goes along the streets to other places where her friends live.
„My District” architectural modelling
Karol lives in the same place and pays attention at houses, nor the streets, because he has a few friends in these houses. Streets do not matter in this case.
kids
This boy is 4 y.old. He focused on shapes and gave them lots of meanings like „chair, table, merry-go-round, swing, tv set” etc.
acu-pointers the city acupuncture with architectural objects MATEMATEKTURA
youth
The gimnasyum students make blocks (acupuncturors) of paper and put them in the chosen spots of the town (their district) giving them meanings and functions like kiosk, information point, bus time table, telephone box, photo box, cultural events information point, fountain etc.
three scales of analysis and modelling 1. STORK – urban wide zone 2. SPARROW– district narrow zone 3. MOUSE – object street, building
adults Marc Auge’s non-places theory concerns places. His theory of non-places considers places like airports, cashier boxes, commercial centres, banks etc. As non-places – in general. In fact the nonplace or Place contamination interpretation depends on a scale pf perception – in terms of a Place in the anthropological meaning of Marc Auge. The „stork scale” (urban) gives the general view of similar places (e.g. airports) all over a town or the globe. The airport can be then consider as a nonplace because we do not connotate the relations nor nets in this wide scale. The „sparrow scale” (district) gives the more detailed view and understanding of the airport as a place and its connections to the district (people and other objects) – the same airport can still be considered as a non-place however in some levels of interpretation and perception it can be already considered as a Place. The „mouse scale” (object) gives very detailed view of the object and determines the way of observing, describing, interpretating and understanding of the airport. It cannot be no longer considered as a non-place because of the relations and nets undeniably notices in this scale.
architectural
synthax of cultural landscape
http://fatherofdetroit.blogspot.com/2009/08/sanaa.html
http://ojacie.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=ar ticle&id=78:manhattan-we-wrocawiu&catid=34:budynkimieszkalne&Itemid=55
Paris, France 2 233 818 people (2008)
Wroclaw, Poland 632 561 people (2010)
phoneme
sign
http://www.euroislam.pl/index.php/2010/06/minarety-wroca-do-szwajcarii/
Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina 310605 people (2010)
text of culture
phoneme phoneme / letter / element Starchitects’ architectural objects spacial land-mark in urban landscape 1st: architecture 2nd: cultural change design: Zaha Hadid, Lillium Tower Warsaw, Poland
http://www.ithink.pl/artykuly/aktualnosci/pozostale/w-warszawie-stanie-250-metrowy-wiezowiec/
phoneme
phoneme / letter / element Starchitects’ architectural objects
spacial land-mark in urban landscape 1st: architecture, 2nd: cultural change design: Gottesman-Szmelcman Architecture Sar, Wroclaw, Poland
http:// http://blog.staszek.cieslicki.pl/ciekawostki/hilton-wroclaw-czyli-co-bedzie-stalo-kolo-galerii-dominikanskiej/ /
phoneme
phoneme / letter / element Starchitects’ architectural complex
spacial symbol of the town identity sign of change, urban narrative motive 1st: architecture, 2nd: cultural change design: Frank Gehry, Guggenheim Museum, Bilbao, Spain
http://www.vbtllc.com/index_guggenhiem.html
sign word=sign architectural complex spacial symbol of the town sign of event, sign of ideology, sign of rebirth 1st: cultural change, 2nd: architecture design: Max Berg, Centennial Hall Wroclaw, Poland 1913
http://www.poland.gov.pl/Hala,Stulecia,we,Wroclawiu,%282006%29,7536.html
sign word / sign architectural complex spacial symbol of the town sign of times, sign of defficiency past and un-wanted narrative motive 1st: cultural change, 2nd: architecture design: Jadwiga Grabowska-Hawrylak „Manhattan� Wroclaw, Poland 1975 http:// http://ojacie.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=section&layout=blog&id=12&Itemid=105&limitstar t=15 /
sign
word / sign architectural complex spacial activity land-mark in urban landscape new symbol of the town 1st: cultural change, 2nd: architecture design: J.S.K., Wroclaw, Poland 2012
http://tuznajdziesz.pl/uslugi/obiekt/stadion-miejski-wroclaw-2012-4515/galeria/37303
http://skarbykultury.pl/tematy/sztuka/architektura/dzielnica-czterech-swiatyn-cz-iii/
sentence/story/text of culture impact of special group of temples onto the urban ladscape system of spacial cultural symbols religious, esthetical, ethnic 1st: cultural story 2nd: architectural impact 3rd: spacial and cultural narration (revitalization programme) note: no specified-designer Four Temples District Wroclaw, Poland
text of culture
TEMPLES story of integrity
1.evangelic-augsburg church 2.orthodox church 3.roman-catholic church 4.synagogue
Protected Area Support Area revitalisation programme
2
Four Temples District
Old Market Square
3
4
1
http://trojmiasto.gazeta.pl/trojmiasto/1,35612,5784875,Papieskie_szkaradztwo.html
sentence/story/text of culture impact of sculpture memorials onto the urban ladscape system of spacial religious and esthetical symbols 1st: religious story 2nd: architectural impact 3rd: religious and national narration (beatification process) note: no specified-designer Pope John Paul II monuments all over Poland
text of culture
MEMORIALS story of hope
Diagram: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Pomniki_jp2_wykres_lata.gif
no one ever had so many memorials in Poland no one ever had so much impact onto the public space (not only clerical) throuh this type of spacial signage
most - young and strong Pope most – considered distastefull all - realistic this doesn’t influence the cultural value of the Pope in the collective memmory
Ulanów
Dębica
Siedlce
Nowy Sącz
Pelpin
over 260 all over Poland app.200 all over the world Mamoty Górne Smolnica
Licheń
Studzieniczna Tarnów
Photos: htp://trojmiasto.gazeta.pl/trojmiasto/1,35612,5784875,Papieskie_szkaradztwo.html
Kracow
sentence/story/text of culture impact of architectural style and shape onto the urban ladscape and the narrative System of urbanization 1st: cultural story 2nd: architectural impact aerial views of the Switzerland
text of culture
HOUSES story of culture
minaret in Tihuana, Mexico, part of the casino and hotel complex http://www.acatmexico.org/
minaret in Wangen bei Olten, Switzerland, started the fight intending to build 6m high minaret. City Council agreed, inhabitans – not. Minaret—succesfull
minaret of the Grand Mosque in Paris, France https://picasaweb.google.co m/ashaffer/ParisJuly2009#
http://voiceofglobalummah.blogsp ot.com
minaret design / chimney stack -forbidden design: Joanna Rajkowska , artist Poznao, Poland http://blubry.pl/artykul3129,rajkowskiej_wolanie_o_roznorodn osc.html
Switzerland: 7 000 000 people, 400 000 muslims 160 mosques, but only a few minarets common opinion of media and inhabitants: minarete = symbol of spacial dominations and strength
2009 : 57% of Switzerland people voted for to ban building of minarets in Swiss 2010: Council of Europe demanded to lift the ban considering it as discriminative http://blogs.reuters.com/faithworld/2009/11/30/the-swiss-minaret-ban-and-other-trends-forislam-in-europe/
opposition of islam and islamism (political islam)
http://picsus.e u/domain/40 mm.com/
Nashmarkt Vienna
Sułkowice Wroclaw
http://kaysee why.tumblr.co m/
Maeklong Thailand
sentence/story/text of culture impact of market spaces onto the urban ladscape system of market plots market squares as the town archetype 1st: commercial story 2nd: architectural and spacial impact 3rd: cultural narration and conflict (urbanization process esthetization process) tendency: covered market squares as more under esthetic control than open-air ones Grunwaldzki Pasage (commercial centre) located in the plot of previous wild open-air market Wroclaw, Poland
text of culture
MARKETS story of integrity
~1920
1945
1945 -1947
1990 -2006
Photos: Internet
1950 -2006
2007
sentence/story/text of culture impact of unlegal literature onto the urban ladscape system of signs and texts 1st: architectural object 2nd: communication will 3rd: cultural struggle (de-esthetization process) tendency: street-art as art street-art as vandalism street-art as text of culture public possibility of social communication Trace in the Urban Lanfdscape‌
text of culture
http://www.widelec.org/zdjecie,street-art,2131.html
STREET ART story of communication
http://bocalupo.wordpress.com/2010/11/27/necesitamos-comunicarnos/
graffiti Bolonia Italy
pasquino Rome Italy
thank you for your attention