bioplastics MAGAZINE 05/2016 by bioplastics MAGAZINE

ISSN 1862-5258

Sep / Oct

05 | 2016

Highlights Elastomers / PUR | 47 Fibres / Textiles | 14 Basics Co-Polyester | 60

bioplastics

MAGAZINE

Vol. 11

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Editorial

dear readers ISSN 1862-5258

Yes, this is a big issue. And not only because a big event – K 2016 - is coming up soon. From 19-26 October, the World’s No. 1 international trade fair for plastics and rubber will be hosted in Düsseldorf, Germany. We’ve provided a comprehensive show preview on pp. 32 and a detachable show-guide with map on pp. 36-37. Don’t forget to drop by our booth B10 in hall 7a, where we’ll also be marking our own 10th anniversary this year with a small birthday celebration. At the show, we are sharing a booth with European Bioplastics, creating a bioplastics hub to provide visitors with information and assistance – or simply a place to touch base with what’s going on in the bioplastics community.

Sep / Oct

05 | 2016

Highlights Elastomers / PUR | 47 Fibres / Textiles | 14 Basics Co-Polyester | 60 Show Preview | 32

MAGAZINE

The second highlight topic is Elastomers and Polyurethanes. This is an area that is steadily drawing increasing interest, as demand for biobased elastic or rubbery materials expands. In this issue, we’ve included contributions on polyurethanes as well as TPE, TPU and TPV materials.

Vol. 11

A highlight in this issue is the section on Fibres, Textiles, Nonwovens. We have a look at the traditional, man-made synthetic, yet nevertheless renewably-sourced fibres based on cellulose, as well as casein-based fibres and textile fibres derived from PLA.

bioplastics

Co-Polyesters, such as PBAT or PBS are the topic of our Basics article on pp. 60. These co-polyesters, most of which are biodegradable and compostable, were mainly made of petroleum in the past. However, researchers have been increasingly successful in the development of new biobased building blocks. As a result, platform chemicals such as bio-BDO, bio-PDO and dicarboxylic acids like succinic acid are already or will soon become available. Finally, I’d like to remind you of our three-day Bioplastics Business Breakfast event during the K-Show on October 20-22. See the complete programme and find more information on pp. 10-11. We hope to see you at the K-Show, or perhaps later, on November 29-30 at the 11th European Bioplastics Conference in Berlin, where we’ll once again be presenting the annual Global Bioplastics Award (see the 5 finalists on pp.12-13). Until then, enjoy reading bioplastics MAGAZINE.

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Michael Thielen

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bioplastics MAGAZINE [05/16] Vol. 11

Content

Imprint

Fibres, Textiles, Nonwovens

14 Biobased textile world

16 Biobased polyester Fibres 18 Wood based fibres for industrial applications

05|2016 Sept / Oct

Events

Samsales (German language) phone: +49(0)2161-6884467 fax: +49(0)2161 6884468 s.brangenberg@samsales.de Chris Shaw (English language) Chris Shaw Media Ltd Media Sales Representative phone: +44 (0) 1270 522130 mobile: +44 (0) 7983 967471

Polyurethanes, Elastomers

47 Bioplastic for bio tube tie

48 New biobased compounds

Layout/Production

50 Biobased polyols and additives

60 Co-Polyester 62 PBS

58 Polyurethane news

Materials

30 Mineral plastic 31 The elegance of traditional Japanese lacquerware

Ten Years Ago

63 Complete mobile phone housing

made of PLA reinforced with kenaf fibres

Print Poligrāfijas grupa Mūkusala Ltd. 1004 Riga, Latvia bioplastics MAGAZINE is printed on chlorine-free FSC certified paper. Print run: 9,700 copies

bioplastics magazine ISSN 1862-5258 bM is published 6 times a year. This publication is sent to qualified subscribers (149 Euro for 6 issues). bioplastics MAGAZINE is read in 92 countries.

3D Printing

44 PLA homopolymers for 3D printing

Processing

3 Editorial 5 News 26 Application News

64 Twins help melting

Opinion

Kerstin Neumeister

Basics

56 Bio-TPU

Polymedia Publisher GmbH Dammer Str. 112 41066 Mönchengladbach, Germany

Media Adviser

12 11th Global Bioplastics Award

54 Green TPE compounds

Head Office

info@bioplasticsmagazine.com www.bioplasticsmagazine.com

Award

52 From cork to polyurethane

Dr. Michael Thielen (MT) Karen Laird (KL) Samuel Brangenberg (SB)

phone: +49 (0)2161 6884469 fax: +49 (0)2161 6884468

10 Biobased Business Breakfast 32 K’2016 - Show preview 36 K’2016 - Show-Guide with map

Publisher / Editorial

66 Suppliers Guide 69 Event Calendar

59 Chemistry’s new players and value chains

70 Companies in this issue

Every effort is made to verify all Information published, but Polymedia Publisher cannot accept responsibility for any errors or omissions or for any losses that may arise as a result. No items may be reproduced, copied or stored in any form, including electronic format, without the prior consent of the publisher. Opinions expressed in articies do not necessarily reflect those of Polymedia Publisher. All articles appearing in bioplastics or on the website www.bioplasticsmagazine.com are strictly covered by copyright.

MAGAZINE,

bioplastics MAGAZINE welcomes contributions for publication. Submissions are accepted on the basis of full assignment of copyright to Polymedia Publisher GmbH unless otherwise agreed in advance and in writing. We reserve the right to edit items for reasons of space, clarity or legality. Please contact the editorial office via mt@bioplasticsmagazine.com. The fact that product names may not be identified in our editorial as trade marks is not an indication that such names are not registered trade marks. bioplastics MAGAZINE tries to use British spelling. However, in articles based on information from the USA, American spelling may also be used.

Envelopes A part of this print run is mailed to the readers wrapped in BIOPLAST 300 bioplastic envelopes sponsored by BIOTEC GmbH & Co. KG

Cover Photo: Lukas Gojda / Shutterstock

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News

Composites go

Toyobo and Avantium

green

partner on PEF

The annual tradeshow COMPOSITES EUROPE 2016, (29 November – 1 December in Düsseldorf, Germany) again presents renewable raw materials. For the third time, exhibitors together with novaInstitute will use the shared booth biobased composites to showcase how great sustainable solutions can be with regard to lightweight construction, materials and modern production and automation solution. Because of the great success of the first two events, the joint stand is now significantly bigger. More than 20 companies will present their biobased composites on 150 m².

Toyobo and Avantium have announced that they jointly developed thin films made from PEF, a 100 % biobased plastic based on Avantium’s proprietary YXY technology for the production of FDCA.

Besides wood, natural fibre, WPC and NFC companies, also companies from the field of biobased thermosets and thermoplastics are invited to present their services and products. The following key players and service providers of the biobased industry are part of the joint pavillion: Biowert (www.biowert.de): provider of plastic granulates made of meadow grass (DE) EcoTechnilin (www.ecotechnilin.com): provider of “FibriPreg Technology”, refining eco-resin from TransFurans Chemicals (Belgium) for use in aviation and automotive (UK) European Industrial Hemp Association (www. eiha.org): Association of the European industrial hemp industry, provider of technical hemp fibres for composites, joint booth (DE/EU) Fibres Recherche Développement® (www.f-r-d.fr) is an R&D competence centre and engineering platform for industrial projects that facilitates the emergence and development of new valorisations of vegetable fibres in materials (FR) Fimalin (www.fimalin.com): represents companies from the whole value chain of linen production to composites in France (FR) Groupe Depestele (www.groupedepestele.com): Europe’s leading private flax producer, the Depestele Group operates approximately 8000 ha of plains in Normandy, obtaining various products: long fibre, short fibre, shives and seeds (FR) Lineo (www.lineo.eu): Lineo offers new solutions for flax fibres in composites (FR) nova-Institut (www.nova-institute.eu): offers market research in the area of natural fibres, biocomposites and biobased polymers, technoeconomic evaluation, Life Cycle Assessment, project development and consulting (DE) Safilin (www.safilin.fr): Europe’s leading spinner for hemp and flax fibres (FR) MT Please find more information about the biobased http://bit.ly/2dds8QF pavilion at:

These PEF films are about 10 µm in thickness and can be applied for food packaging, in electronics applications such as displays or solar panels, industrial and medical packages. Compared to standard PET films, PEF films have a 10 x higher oxygen barrier, 2~3 x higher water vapor barrier, improved mechanical strength and are fully transparent. The performance benefits enable new packaging opportunities, such as transparent pouches for soups, sauces or baby foods. The barrier properties extend the shelf life when packaging oxygen sensitive products like meat, fish, dairy products, or fresh pizzas, or moisture sensitive products such as cereals, cookies, crisps, personal care or medical products, and enhance the aroma barrier for packaged cheeses, fish or detergents. The market development of the PEF films in Asia will be performed in collaboration with Mitsui & Co., Ltd.. with which Avantium announced a partnership in December 2015. The parties expect to offer samples for packaging tests from 2017 onwards. Moreover, Toyobo and Avantium are jointly optimizing polymerization processes in Toyobo’s existing polymerization assets to produce PEF resin at commercial scale from MEG (ethylene glycol) and Avantium’s biobased chemical building block, FDCA. The parties intend to scale up PEF resin production to Toyobo’s commercial polymerization lines in Iwakuni, Japan. “I have been impressed by the innovative capability and drive of the Japanese industry”, says Tom van Aken (CEO Avantium). “Toyobo has state-of-the-art know-how and manufacturing capability in polymerization and thin films. The outstanding performance of PEF offers the potential of replacing complex and petroleum based multilayer packaging solutions, with a biobased and recyclable PEF film, without compromising the high quality standards required by Japanese packaging market. We are proud to work with such an excellent partner to scale up PEF polymer and thin film production. These developments support our efforts, in partnership with Mitsui, to introduce 100% biobased PEF products such as films and bottles to consumers in Asia, making PEF a commercial reality.” “Using our flexible assets and the know-how of our employees, it is the strategy of Toyobo to stay ahead of the curve in bringing innovative products to the market”, states Chikao Morishige, Senior General Manager Plastics Production Technology Operating Department at Toyobo. ‘100 % biobased PEF fits very well with our track record of introducing innovative materials and products to the market. Toyobo is therefore pleased to be working with Avantium and Mitsui to bring high performance PEF based packaging to customers.’ In March this year Avantium announced it is in exclusive negotiations with BASF with the intention of establishing a joint venture for the production and market development of FDCA and the marketing of PEF. KL/MT www.avantium.com

bioplastics MAGAZINE [05/16] Vol. 11

News

daily upated news at www.bioplasticsmagazine.com

Arkema expands biosourced offerings To support its customers’ growth around the world, in particular in the sports, consumer electronics and automotive markets, Arkema continues to expand its specialty polyamides production capacities in China and the United States. In China, at its Zhangjiagang site (Jiangsu Province) specialized in biosourced specialty polyamides, Arkema is increasing its compounding capacities and in 2017 will bring on stream two production lines to manufacture polyamide 11 in addition to polyamide 10 already produced on the site. Rilsan polyamide 11’s outstanding properties in terms of resistance to impact and to chemicals, light weight and easy processing make it a choice material to fulfil our customers’ specific needs in the automotive, consumer electronics and sports sectors. With these developments and other investments made in recent years on the site amounting to €10 million overall, Arkema is significantly consolidating its offering together with the flexibility of its manufacturing plants in Asia for biosourced polyamides marketed under the trade name Rilsan. In the United States, a new investment in the Birdsboro site (Pennsylvania) will enable the manufacture of new Pebax biosourced grades for the sports and electronics market. Hence Arkema is complementing its Pebax thermoplastic elastomer range particularly sought after for their light weight, impact resistance, sturdiness and flexibility at temperatures as low as -40 °C. These investments are part of the development of the Group’s research and growth platforms related to weight reduction of materials, design of materials, solutions for electronics, and the development of biosourced products. Thanks to production and R&D facilities in Europe, Asia and the United States, the Group’s commercial partners can be assured of top quality technical and logistics services at local level. A world leader in Specialty Polyamides, Arkema offers its customers a comprehensive range of innovative materials with its Rilsan and Pebax globally recognized brands. KL www.arkema.com

France bans plastic disposable serviceware as of 2020 As part of its new Energy Transition for Green Growth Act, France has passed a law banning plastic serviceware, that will go into effect in 2020. The aim: to promote a circular economy of waste disposal, “from product design to recycling.” Exceptions will be made for items produced from bio-sourced materials that can be composted in a domestic composting unit. According to a news item from the Associated Press (12.09.2016), France is pushing ahead as the first country to introduce a blanket ban on plastic dishware. It comes after Paris hosted a landmark conference last year on fighting global warming, and as the Socialist government tries to push France toward the forefront of environmental progress. Pack2Go Europe, the trade association representing European food and beverage service, and convenience packaging manufacturers, immediately responded, saying that the decree infringes EU law – which guarantees packaging access to market through the EU’s general rules on free movement of goods and, more specifically, through the EU’s packaging & packaging waste directive. Eamonn Bates, the secretary general of Pack2Go Europe, told the Associated Press that his organization will challenge France’s ban. “We are urging the European Commission to do the right thing and to take legal action against France for infringing European law,” he said. “If they don’t, we will.” He also said the ban “will be understood by consumers to mean that it is OK to leave this packaging behind in the countryside after use because it’s easily bio-degradable in nature. That’s nonsense! It may even make the litter problem worse.” Supporters of the ban wanted it to be introduced earlier, possibly as soon as 2017. However, calling it an anti-social” measure Ségolène Royal, the French environment minister, initially opposed the ban, arguing that families struggling financially make regular use of disposable serviceware. This caused the ban to be postponed until 2020. KL

bioplastics MAGAZINE [05/16] Vol. 11

News

Neste and Ikea announce partnership in biobased plastics Neste, a Finnish company specialized in oil refining and renewable solutions, and IKEA of Sweden have joined forces to take leadership in renewable, biobased materials. The partnership includes the production of plastics and other materials utilizing Neste’s renewable solutions in polymer production. The partnership combines IKEA’s commitment to reduce their depence on virgin fossil based materials and Neste’s expertise in renewable solutions. The companies aim to produce plastics and other materials that are used today, but instead replacing virgin fossil feedstock with renewable or recycled waste and residue raw materials. “We are very pleased to form a partnership with IKEA,” says Tuomas Hyyryläinen, SVP, Strategy and New Ventures at Neste. “IKEA’s commitment to initiate a change in the industry is an extremely important step in redefining how materials will be made and how raw materials are used in the near future. IKEA and Neste, together with partners, can enable the production of biobased plastics that are produced from waste and residues of the customers’ preference and choice, can be produced with the existing production assets, are fully compatible with customers’ needs, and are recyclable in the current plastics pool. We are proud to work with IKEA on the initiative”, he says “IKEA wants to contribute to a transformational change in the industry and to the development of plastics made from recycled or renewable sources. In line with our goals, we are moving away from virgin fossil-based plastic materials in favor of plastic produced from more sustainable recycled or renewable sources such as waste and residues, not using palm oil and it’s derivatives as feedstock”, says Lena PrippKovac, Sustainability Manager, at IKEA of Sweden. “We believe that working with Neste will open up an important pathway towards industrializing the production of plastics from more sustainable feedstock”, says Camilla Rööst, Material and Innovation Development Manager, at IKEA. The companies invite others to join the initiative. Neste and IKEA’s target is to produce the first proof-of-concept during 2017. Furthermore, the companies expect to widen their cooperation towards new, novel technologies and other opportunities. IKEA wants to have a positive impact on people and planet, which includes taking a lead in turning waste into resources, developing reverse material flows for waste materials and ensuring key parts of IKEA’s range are easily recycled. IKEA’s long-term ambition is for the plastic material used in their home furnishing products to be renewable or recycled material. The company is starting with their home furnishing plastic products, representing about 40% of the total plastic volume used in the IKEA range KL www.neste.com | www.ikea.com

G N I K N I H RE T S C I T S A L P mber 2016 29/30 Nove er Hotel Berlin Steigenberg

@EUBioplastics #eubpconf2016 www.conference.european-bioplastics.org bioplastics MAGAZINE [05/16] Vol. 11

News

daily upated news at www.bioplasticsmagazine.com

Building the Case for Bioplastics In late August SPI’s Bioplastics Division hosted its first inaugural Bioplastics Week – a social media-based event to increase visibility for bioplastics together with various other partnering organisations, among which European Bioplastics, Plastics Europe, USDA BioPreferred Program, Sustainable Packaging Coalition, and many more. The highlights of that week included workshops, Q&A blog posts, reports, infographics, press releases, and many many tweets and posts on social media channels. On August 25 SPI’s Bioplastics Division released their quarterly Plastics Market Watch report which is now also available for bioplastics. And none too soon: a survey commissioned by the SPI: The Plastics Industry Trade Association conducted on a nationwide scale in the USA revealed that there is widespread ignorance about bioplastics. SPI’s new report on bioplastics in its Plastics Market Watch series is part of the push to educate the public about these unfamiliar materials. In clear and accessible language, the publication presents the business and environmental benefits of bioplastics products and makes the case for their increased use. “In 2007, SPI formed our Bioplastics Division to promote education and outreach about bioplastics,” said SPI’s Patrick Krieger. “While growth continues in this sector of our industry, we recognize the challenges present in understanding the complex terminology and makeup of bioplastics products, and that is why we released this report.” As today’s consumers choose products with increasing environmental awareness, brands are responding to their customers’ preferences, and bioplastics are a material of choice for many brands that have yet to reach their full potential. According to the abovementioned SPI survey, in which 1,107 adults across the US took part, there is little familiarity with or understanding about bioplastics, signalling a clear need to build more awareness about bioplastics. Consider: Only 27 % were somewhat or very familiar with bioplastics. 34 % were not at all familiar with bioplastics. After learning about bioplastics, 50 % of those surveyed indicated they would consider purchasing a product if it “was a little bit more expensive” because it was made with bioplastics. More than half, 57 %, indicated they would probably or definitely be more likely to consider purchasing a plastic product with the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Certified Biobased Product seal. Bioplastics, it would seem, have quite a ways to go yet, and events like this are important. After all, people don’t care about what they don’t know. So let’s keep on getting the information out there! KL To keep track of what’s going on: official hashtag: #BioplasticsWeek Twitter: @SPI_4_Plastics, @PlasticAdvocate Facebook: @SPIplasticsindustry LinkedIn: SPI: The Plastics Industry Trade Association

Info

Download the complete report from http://bit.ly/2cqcQ4Z

Metabolix enters into USD 10 Million Binding LOI with CJ CheilJedang Biotechnology company Metabolix, Inc. recently announced that it has completed the sale of its biopolymer intellectual property and certain equipment and inventory to an affiliate of CJ CheilJedang Corporation (CJ) for a total purchase price of USD 10 million. The first USD 2 million of the purchase price was paid by CJ on execution of the binding letter of intent in August 2016, and the USD 8 million balance was paid on closing of the transaction. In connection with the asset sale, Metabolix also entered into a sublease with CJ covering approximately one-third of the Company’s Woburn, Massachusetts facility. “Completion of the transaction strengthens our balance sheet and provides resources to take Yield10 Bioscience forward as our core business,” said Joseph Shaulson, president and CEO of Metabolix. “Yield10 is developing breakthrough technologies to significantly increase the inherent yield of food and feed crops. As we move forward, the Yield10 team will be focused on advancing our technology platforms, generating proof points on our portfolio of novel yield traits and forming collaborations around key crops.” In July, Metabolix announced its new strategic direction and a related restructuring designed to bring staffing levels to approximately 20 people with an annual net cash burn rate in the range of USD 5 million once completed. The Company plans to provide an update on its Yield10 Bioscience business in the coming weeks (Global Newswire). MT www.metabolix.com

bioplastics MAGAZINE [05/16] Vol. 11

News

bioplastics MAGAZINE [05/16] Vol. 11

Events

Bioplastics Business Breakfast At the World’s biggest trade show on plastics and rubber: K’2016 in Düsseldorf, Germany, bioplastics will certainly play an important role again. On three days during the show from October 20 – 22, bioplastics MAGAZINE will host a Bioplastics Business Breakfast: From 8:00 am to 12:30 pm the delegates get the

chance to listen to and discuss high-class presentations and benefit from a unique networking opportunity. The trade fair opens at 10 am. Register soon to reserve your seat. Admission starts at EUR 249.00. The conference fee includes a free ticket for K’2016 as well as free public transportation in the greater Düsseldorf area (except taxi). www.bioplastics-breakfast.com

8:25-8:45 Evolutions in bioplastics packaging’ 8:45-9:05 9:05-9:25 9:25-9:35 9:35-9:55 9:55-10:15 10:15-10:35 10:35-10:45 10:45-11:05 11:05-11:25 11:25-11:45 11:45-12:05 12:05-12:25 12:25-12:30

Compostable laminates BoPLA flexible film applications in food and non-food packaging Q&A Mater-Bi: New developments in packaging applications The latest INGEO packaging applications and developments Newest compostable packaging solutions based on ecovio Q&A Coffee & Networking Success stories in biodegradable plastics for packaging Blow moulding of WPC for bottle applications Enabling bioplastic packaging through application co-development Degradation of PLA during long-term storage Q&A

Friday, October 21, 2016 8:00-8:05 Welcome remarks 8:05-8:25 Current situation of PLA in Europe 8:25-8:45 Latest INGEO developments (feedstock, resin grades, applications) 8:45-9:05 Innovations in PLA packaging 9:05-9:25 From bench to industrial scale 9:25-9:35 Q&A 9:35-9:55 Modification of PLA for extrusion applications 9:55-10:15 PLA modifications – new recipes make fit for new applications 10:15-10:35 Bioplast 900, what else? 10:35-10:45 Q&A 10:45-11:05 Coffee & Networking 11:05-11:25 An expanding update on BioFoam E-PLA foam applications 11:25-11:45 PLA foam coffee cup 11:45-12:05 Recycling of PLA in the Pre-Consumer sector 12:05-12:25 Messaging biodegradability-compostability – Do’s &Don’t’s 12:25-12:30 Q&A Saturday, October 22, 2016 moderated by Kathryn Sheridan, Sustainability Consult 8:00-8:05 Welcome remarks 8:05-8:25 Current situation of bioplastics for durable applications in Europe 8:25-8:45 Bioplastics in ABS replacement markets/applications, incl. 3D printing 8:45-9:05 Introduction of new biobased eingineering plastic Durabio 9:05-9:25 Keep water safe – EcoPaXX in (drinking) water contact applications 9:25-9:35 Q&A 9:35-9:55 Sustainability without compromises - Sukano’s solutions and vision 9:55-10:15 Biobased materials for durable applications 10:15-10:35 Switching to biomaterials – an holistic approach 10:35-10:45 Q&A 10:45-11:05 Coffee & Networking 11:05-11:25 Bioplastics from side streams 11:25-11:45 Biobased TPE for innovative applications 11:45-12:05 Innovations in durable PLA applications 12:05-12:25 Why bio-based? Forgotten and new answers 12:25-12:30 Q&A

bioplastics MAGAZINE [05/16] Vol. 11

Michael Thielen, bioplastics MAGAZINE Harald Kaeb, narocon Caroli Buitenhuis, Biobased Packaging Innovations / Green Serendipity Patrick Gerritsen, bio4pac Emanuela Bardi, Taghleef Alberto Castellanza, Novamont Marc Vergauwen, NatureWorks Sven Wenigmann, BASF

Chelo Escrig, AIMPLAS Wonja (Jason) Lee, Doill ECOTEC Jo Kockelkoren, Reverdia Nico Kocic, German Plastic Centre (SKZ)

Michael Thielen, bioplastics MAGAZINE Francois de Bie, European Bioplastics Steve Davies, NatureWorks Hugo Vuurens, Corbion Emmanuel Rapendy, Sulzer Chemtech Nico Kocic, German Plastic Centre (SKZ) Björn Bermann, Fraunhofer ICT Remy Jongboom, Biotec

Jan Noordegraaf, Synbra John Leung, Biosolutions Jacek Lecinski, IfBB Ramani Narayan, Michigan State University

Michael Thielen, bioplastics MAGAZINE Kristy Barbara Lange, European Bioplastics Frank Diodato, NatureWorks Atsushi Fujita, Mitubishi Chemical Caroline Mitterlehner, DSM Daniel Ganz, Sukano Dirk Schawaller, Tecnaro Jacek Lecinski, IfBB

Florian Graichen, Scion Patrick Zimmermann, FKuR Bert Clymans, Corbion Michael Carus, nova-Institute

Subject to changes

Preliminary Programme Thursday, October 20, 2016 8:00-8:05 Welcome remarks 8:05-8:25 Market Development in Europe and Government Incentives

organized by

20. – 22.10.2016

Messe Düsseldorf, Germany

BIOPLASTICS BUSINESS BREAKFAST

Bioplastics in Packaging PLA, an Innovative Bioplastic Bioplastics in Durable applications

At the World’s biggest trade show on plastics and rubber: K’2016 in Düsseldorf bioplastics will certainly play an important role. On three days during the show from Oct 20 – 22 bioplastics MAGAZINE will host a Bioplastics Business Breakfast: From 8 am to 12:30 pm the delegates get the chance to listen and discuss highclass presentations and benefit from a unique networking opportunity. The trade fair opens at 10 am.

bioplastics-breakfast.com

Admission starts at EUR 249. All three mini-conferences can be booked individually. Discounts for subscribers and for booking more than one conference.

Watch a video-clip of the last Bioplastics Business Breakfast and listen to testimonials from speakers and delegates http://bit.ly/2a4C8ce

www.bioplastics-breakfast.com Contact: : Dr. Michael Thielen (info@bioplastics-magazine.com)

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Award

Far Eastern New Century (Taiwan)

The Bioplastics Oskar Finalists for the 11th Global Bioplastics Award

ioplastics MAGAZINE is honoured to present the five finalists for the 11th Global Bioplastics Award. Five judges from the academic world, the press and industry associations from America, Europe and Asia have again reviewed many really interesting proposals. On these two pages we present details of the five most promising submissions. The Global Bioplastics Award recognises innovation, success and achievements by manufacturers, processors, brand owners, or users of bioplastic materials. To be eligible for consideration in the awards scheme the proposed company, product, or service should have been developed or have been on the market during 2015 or 2016. The following companies/ products are shortlisted (without any ranking) and from these five finalists the winner will be announced during the 11th European Bioplastics Conference on November 29th, 2016 in Berlin, Germany.

World First 100% Bio-PET Polyester Shirts Far Eastern New Century (FENC) Corp. in Taiwan demonstrated the world first 100 % bio-polyester shirt made entirely from renewable raw materials after launching the world first 100 % bio-PET Coca-Cola bottles in Milan Expo last year. The innovative bio-polyester T-shirts are estimated to reduce more than 40 % carbon dioxide emissions as environmentally friendly products. The 100 % bio-polyester shirts not only realized both carbon footprint reduction and environmental protection goals, but also retains all the properties and features of polyester shirts without scarifying any functions which polyester should have. This development of 100 % bio PET plastics to textile application showed the tremendous potentials for changing the textile industry to use more sustainable bio-materials. These state-of-the-art shirts were made entirely from plant-based material in a 9-step conversion. Starting from Virent’s BioFormPX® Paraxylene, FENC converted it to 100 % bio-PTA chemical, then 100 % bio-PET resins, POY and DTY yarns, fabrics weaving, dyeing and final shirts design and sewing. Due to the impacts of different raw material sources between biobased and petrochemical feedstocks, those still posed a lot of new challenges for FENC to overcome for achieving this world first 100 % bio-polyester shirt. This bio-polyester shirt illustrates the great capabilities of FENC in bioplastic materials besides the bio-PET bottles, and the further commitments for moving bioplastic materials to higher bio contents and broarder applications. This world first development opens the door to expand bioplastics materials for huge textile markets. www.fenc.com

Rodenburg and Mars (The Netherlands)

Candybar-wrapper made from (waste potato) starch based film In 2010, Mars Chocolate Europe and Eurasia had a vision to switch to a biobased packaging material that did not have a higher carbon footprint than the existing package for its Mars and Snickers chocolate products. Mars wanted to ensure there was economics of scale that would make the material affordable. The type of bioplastics that Mars was looking for was not available in the market. “The focus was on using a packaging material that is sustainable and uses 2nd generation feedstock,” explained Thijs Rodenburg, CEO of Rodenburg Biopolymers. “Biodegradability was a packaging sideeffect for Mars which didn’t consider it highly important because the company was concerned consumers might not understand what it (biodegradability) means; Mars didn’t want consumers thinking the packaging waste would just anyhow biodegrade and hence can be casually thrown into the environment.” The project started in 2012, taking almost four years to develop the starch compound, run packaging production trials, and conduct consumer feedback research. The starch compound for the packaging material consists mainly of starch derived from potato cutting waste – which doesn’t compete with food or animal feedstock - and some PLA. Taghleef manufactured the film on an existing BOPP, while Mondi printed the packaging; it took four production trials before an acceptable packaging film was manufactured. Chocolate is not one of the easiest products to package in terms of smell and taste preservation and sensitivity, said Rodenburg, but this new starchbased packaging material fulfils the product protection requirements. www.biopolymers.nl | www.mars.com

bioplastics MAGAZINE [05/16] Vol. 11

Award

BASF (Germany)

New compostable particle foam ecovio® EA foam product is predominantly bio-based (>70 %). Made from BASF’s biodegradable polyester ecoflex® and PLA, it is the first expandable, closed cell particle foam developed as a dropin solution for Expandable Polystyrene (EPS) and Expanded Polypropylene (EPP) customers. By utilizing an innovative continuous extrusion process, ecovio EA polymer is charged with the blowing agent pentane to produce expandable beads that have a shelf-life of more than one year, without any quality impairment. The major benefits for the converter include lower transportation cost, longer storage time, less necessary storage space and most importantly its processability on existing standard machinery. Additionally, ecovio EA offers full flexibility in terms of density and complex dimension of shape moulded parts. ecovio EA foam offers better thermal and chemical resistance than EPS and a very good energy absorption when subjected to heavy impacts. Thus the material is particularly suitable for transport packaging for heavy, highvalue or delicate goods. The foam application can also be extended for its use in food packaging sector due to its good thermal insulation performance. ecovio EA is highly durable under normal environmental conditions but degrades very fast within five weeks under industrial composting conditions. Prior to composting, the foamed material can also be recycled in customary recycling processes. The high biobased content and the certified compostability make the new material particularly attractive wherever a fossil packaging solution no longer meets customers’ requirements for a biobased and biodegradable packaging solution. Due to its high biobased content the CO2 footprint is much lower as compared to completely fossil based foam products. www.basf.com

Corbion, Global Bio-Polymers and Maxrich (The Netherlands/Thailand)

Root protection container for rubber trees Natural rubber is a key agricultural product in Thailand. Currently, rubber trees are planted in nurseries, above ground, in polyethylene (PE) film bags or polypropylene (PP) cones. These containers ensure that the roots grow in a contained vessel, enabling the farmer to transport and plant them easily. Once the mature trees are outplanted, the cutting off of the bag or cone can damage the root system. The bioplastic container based on Corbion Purac’s PLA and other biopolymers provides an alternative to the existing options of PE bag / PP cone. The bioplastic cone offers the benefits of directed root growth (promoting longer tree life and increasing economic value per tree) combined with biodegradability at end of life (no need to cut off the container, thus reducing the current root damage yield loss created during container removal when outplanting). The biodegradable containers eliminate the current littering of nonbiodegradable plastics currently caused by the existing PE bag solution. The bioplastic compound matches the climatic conditions and needs of both the nursery and the plantation, in various geographical locations in Thailand. The PLA is made from sugarcane grown locally in Thailand, making this a truly circular and local-for-local application. Kun Chalermkiatkul, (Corbion Purac Thailand): “PLA bioplastics are a perfect material for the rubber tree root protection containers, given their biodegradability and performance. The fact that they are also made from feedstocks grown here in Thailand makes the project even more interesting. Corbion is proud to promote the circular, biobased economy in Thailand in this way”. www.corbion.com

Treeson Spring Water (USA)

Renewable and recyclable water bottle - a holistic concept Treeson Spring Water was created to offer a sustainable alternative to the plastic water bottles that are sold by the billions every year and go un-recycled only to end up in landfills. Treeson’s mission is to create 100 % natural, sustainable products, systems and technologies that raise environmental awareness and empower people to make choices that help protect and preserve the planet today. Less than 30 % of plastic beverage bottles get recycled in the USA. What doesn’t get recycled ends up in landfills or even gets shipped overseas. Treeson’s philosophy is to take their bottles back after finishing them and use those returned bottles to generate clean energy. “Our mail-back return program is free for our customers and it supports the oldest government institution in the United States of America, the USPS (United States Postal Service), the organization with the greenest fleet on the streets,” says Carlton Solle, founder of Treeson Spring Water. “Just drop your bottles in the mailbox and we’ll take care of it thereafter.” It may sound silly in the first moment, but empty bottles have to be transported to a recycling facility anyway. And it makes no big difference if this happens in a big dedicated truck or one bottle at a time stuffed in a free corner of a post truck that is doing the trip anyway. The shape of the bottles allows it to naturally collapse flat when empty for easy mailing. The bottles are made of a PLA mixture that Carlton developed together with a manufacturer. It is 100 % toxin free and is certified free of any GMOs. The labels are made from 100 % post consumer recycled materials and are completely safe for the environment. www.treesonspringwater.com

bioplastics MAGAZINE [05/16] Vol. 11

Fibres & Textiles

Biobased textile world

he textile world is biobased; since the stone ages. By mankind natural fibres (hairs, wool, silk, cotton, flax, Jute …) were spun to yarns, twisted to ropes and woven to textiles since more than 7,500 years. Only end of the 19th century the history of manmade fibres started – in the beginning these were also biobased (based on cellulose) [1]. Today these cellulose based fibres have a share of 9 % worldwide, in Germany even 28 % of all manmade fibres [2] with increasing trend. The 20th century profiled to the age of manmade fibres. 1935 Carothers discovered the PA 6.6 fibres [1]; only 3 years later Paul Schlack developed PA 6. After 1945 the biobased PA 11 was created based upon castor oil. Yet late as 2009 Arkema launched a type for monofilaments and fibres. [3] Polylactides (PLA), used since the 1990s in textile applications, was at that time too expensive for wide use due to prices of about 50 €/kg. In 2002 Cargill, USA dared the big jump to install a synthesis plant of 140.000 tonnes per annum. Due to the large scale the polymer price dropped to 2.50 €/kg and PLA became an important fibre material. Today industrial production plants are run in the Netherlands, in Japan, China and Thailand. 2011 in Guben, Germany a pilot plant with 500 tonnes/annum has been installed. [4] In the background of the discussion on bio-fuel, corn starch based PLA provoked the question if a relevant intrusion in the food farming can be justified. Alternatively, rain forests in Brazil are burnt to plant cultivation for different kind of industrial use. In marine breeding stations genetic modified algae are grown as a raw material for polymers. Still there is no solution how the uncontrolled distribution of the algae to the sea may be prevented. These questions need a holistic balance of the sustainability, its importance exceeding significantly the reduction of CO2.

The Castor plant grows on arid soil which is not fertile for food stock and such does not impair the food chain. Sebacic

bioplastics MAGAZINE [05/16] Vol. 11

acid produced from Castor oil is used commercially for PA 11 and PA10.10 and as well for the partly bio based polyamides PA 4.10, PA 6.10. Cathay Biotech launched an alternative way using biobased Pentamethylenediamine. Synthetized with adipic acid a biobased PA 5.6 is created as alternative to PA6 and PA6.6 [5]. Most promising are the so-called drop-in approaches, which replace fossil based raw materials partly or fully by biobased substances. Fibres spun from these biobased polymers do not differentiate from the respective mineral oil based polymers. A 30 % biobased PET can be synthesized using ethylene glycol from bioethanol. Research is going on to produce biobased terephthalic acid. In 2011 Toray Industries reported on the synthesis of paraxylene from bioethanol by Gevo, USA [6]. This would enable to synthesize of 100 % biobased PET. Braskem developed 100 % biobased polyethylene. Two types of fibre polymers are available. The feedstock sugar cane is claimed not being genetic modified; the cultivated land was not rain forest. The fibres of partially biobased poly-trimethyleneterephthalate (PTT) have a long story already in use for carpets in home and automotive applications. Invista is offering a 70 % biobased elastomeric fibre from dextrose of corn for the use in garments. Polyethylenefuranoate (PEF) could become a 100 % biobased alternative to PET which should be close to PET in terms of processing and performance. 2,5-Furandicarbonic acid (FDCA) is polymerized with ethylene glycol to PEF. Higher glass transition temperature at lower processing temperatures could be the advantages for textile applications e.g. in automotive applications. FDCA may be produced from biomass from plant waste. This would not only mean no intrusion in the food production but waste of the vegetable food production could be used when the logistic demands can be fulfilled.

Fibers & Textiles (picture: courtesy Groz-Beckert)

Already in the beginning of the 20th century a fibre had been developed on base of the milk protein casein, yet was non-competitive to the cheap synthetic fibres. Today Cyarn Textile Trade Co. Ltd, China is offering a wet spun casein fibre with fair strength (25-35 cN/tex) which is claimed to have an excellent skin contact due to humidity absorption. Process originated zinc ions should lead to bacteriostatic effects, which was proven in biological tests [7]. The casein based fibre Qmilk of the Qmilch Deutschland GmbH distinguishes itself by extraordinary marketing expenditure. The fibre is gel/melt spun thus not requiring an ecological and economical costly solution process. [8] Silk produced from silkworm Bombyx Mori is one of the oldest and for clothing most precious fibres. Rarely spider silk was used for wound dressing in pre-Christian times. Only in the last 20 years a break-through is visible for biotechnological generated spider silk. From data of Thomas Scheibel, Bayreuth, Germany and Spiber Inc., Japan one may anticipate readiness to market of spider silk fibres in about 10 years. Big chemical enterprises are following this development which speaks for feasibility and large market potential. This short view shows, that a wide spectrum on partially or fully biobased fibres was established already besides the natural fibres and the cellulosic man-made fibres. Besides the PLA fibres drop-in solutions have found or will find in short term their way to application. Yet if very big volumes cannot be realized, the fibres will remain in niches. There is no doubt, that we need biobased fibres. The fossil raw materials are limited and will run short, not because, but as well for the fibre materials. The important and still open question is, what might be the biobased sources which do neither interfere with the food production, nor destroy the rain forest, nor pollute uncontrolled the world seas with algae. The use of waste from food production may be a solution; the logistic challenges and the fulfillment of a high quality standard are not solved yet. Still the cellulose-based manmade fibres based on sustainable forestry seem to be the real green way. www.itv-denkendorf.de/en [1] http://www.technikatlas.de/~tb4/geschichte.htm [2] https://www.ivc-ev.de [3] www.arkema.com/export/.../press-kit-techtextil-va-2009.pdf [4] http://biopolymernetzwerk.fnr.de/biobasierte-werkstoffe/ biobasierte-polyester/pla/ [5] http://www.cathaybiotech.com/en/products/terryl [6] www.toray.com/news/rd/nr110627.html [7] http://www.swicofil.com/products/212milk_fiber_casein.html [8] http://de.qmilk.eu/produkte/die-faser/

By: Martin Dauner Head of Nonwovens Technology Institute of Textile Technology and Process Engineering Denkendorf, Germany

bioplastics MAGAZINE [05/16] Vol. 11

Fibres & Textiles

Biobased polyester fibres â&#x20AC;&#x201C; PLA for textile applications

ith 96 million tonnes oil-based synthetic fibres generated a world fibre market share of 62 % in 2015, followed by cotton (25 %), and (wood-based) cellulose regenerated fibres (6 %) [1]. Already in 2013 the world production of PET polyester fibres alone amounted to 41 million tonnes [2]. The demand for fibre materials, in particular textile fibres, is steadily increasing, not least owing to the growing world population and rising standard of living, causing companies to extend and optimize their production. In this connection, the use of biobased or at least partially biobased feedstock is seriously considered being aware of the global challenges such as climate change and sustainability [3, 4]. The biobased polymer polylactic acid (PLA) [5] synthesized from lactic acid or dilactide is a semicrystalline polyester. Probably PLA is the most prominent biobased plastic material with a market availability of more than 200 kt/a and a price of 2 to 2.5 â&#x201A;Ź/kg. Its thermoplasticity allows for highly productive processing such as melt spinning using large and well engineered industrial facilities [6]. Melt spinning featuring high processing speeds up to 8000 m/min and optimal material efficiency is economically more advantageous than solution spinning (for, e.g., PAN, Viscose or Kevlar fibres). However, melt spinning has high requirements for the polymer melt ensuring high regularity and process stability at enormous strain and cooling rates. The filaments have to withstand up to 1000 fold stretching between nozzle and winding unit [3]. The most important PLA manufacturer is NatureWorks LLC with its Ingeo product line [7]. They offer grades for injection moulding and film production as well as for spinning to be applied in textiles, carpets (BCF yarns) and nonwovens [8]. The properties of PLA fibres are well suited for a number of textile applications. Stress-strain curves are similar to those of wool fibres [9]. PLA fibres offer a soft feel as well as a good recovery of 93 % (after elastic strain of 5 %) [10]. The good UV resistance with a relatively high Limiting

Fig. 2: X-Ray diffraction pattern of highly oriented PLA filaments.

bioplastics MAGAZINE [05/16] Vol. 11

Fig. 3: PLA filaments leaving a 70-hole nozzle with trilobal cross-section.

Oxygen Index (LOI) of 26 % (for PET: 22 %) and less smoke emission than PET during combustion [9] are further advantages compared to many other fibres. It is beneficial in terms of moisture control to have a low moisture uptake of 0.4-0.6 % (PET: 0.2-0.4 %, wool: 14-18 %) and short times for moisture distribution and drying which is relevant for textiles, and not only for sports clothing. By now, PLA monofilaments are used as a standard material for 3D printing, due to their low shrinkage and favorable solidification properties. The biodegradability of PLA offers promising applications in biomedical technology such as suture materials, fixations, drug delivery and tissue engineering [11]. The Fraunhofer-Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP based in Potsdam/Germany investigated the processing behavior of PLA during melt spinning within a large collaborative project funded by the German Agricultural Ministry through its agency FNR (Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe e.V.) [12,13,14] Utilizing an industrial relevant pilot system for bicomponent melt spinning (see Fig. 1) Fraunhofer IAP produced high-strength PLA multifilaments for possible technical use. Controlling the process parameters (feed rate, temperature- and stretching profile, etc.) the filament fineness was varied over a wide range down to 1 dtex. The resulting textile-physical properties (tensile strength 45 cN/tex; elastic modulus 600 cN/tex; elongation at break 30 %) were based on a wide range of super-molecular structures with crystallinities of up to 50 %. Subsequent stretching lead to properties relevant for technical use (tensile strength 63 cN/tex; elastic modulus 740 cN/tex; elongation at break 25 %; crystallinity 61 %). The high modulus corresponds to the highly oriented crystalline structure as illustrated in Fig. 2 by an X-ray diffraction pattern. In this way, PLA multifilaments were produced with mechanical performance (tensile test) approaching the properties of technical synthetic fibres. On the other hand, the low thermal stability of PLA fibres still hampers their use for technical applications.

Fig. 4: PLA multifilament yarn.

Fibres & Textiles

By: Evgueni Tarkhanov, André Lehmann, Johannes Ganster

Abb. 1: Fourné bicomponent melt spinning line at Fraunhofer IAP.

Fraunhofer-Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP Potsdam, Germany

The low melting and glass transition temperatures of about 165 °C and 60 °C, respectively, exclude PLA fibres from use at elevated temperatures. In the future, a mixture of both PLA enantiomers, i.e. PLLA and PDLA, could be utilized to yield high melting point materials (230 °C) due to the formation of stereo complex crystallites from the molten state. Simultaneously, this process has a positive impact on the softening behavior at low temperatures [15]. Due to their biodegradability and the resulting environmental benefits, an optimistic forecast for PLA fibres may be made for textile applications. For technical applications the relevant mechanical properties could be reached. However, further improvements in terms of thermal stability are necessary. www.iap.fraunhofer.de/en

References: [1] www.lenzing.com/investoren/equity-story/welt-fasermarkt.html [2] Man-made Fibre Year Book 2013, Deutscher Fachverlag, Oktober 2013, 4 [3] E. Tarkhanov, A. Lehmann, „Biobasierte Synthesefasern für textile und technische Anwendungen“, Plasteverarbeiter (voraussichtlich September 2016) [4] A. Lehmann, E. Tarkhanov, J. Ganster, „Biobasierte Chemiefasern – Viskosefasern und mehr“, Technical Textiles, Trendbook 2016/2017, (S.18-21) [5] R.Auras, L.-T. Lim, S.Selke, H.Tsuji,” Poly(Lactic Acid) – Synthesis, Strucures, Properties, Processing, and Applications”, Wiley Verlag, 2010 (S.343) [6] V.B.Gupta, V.K.Kothari, “Manufactures Fibre Technology”, Springer, 1997 (S.67) [7] www.natureworksllc.com [8] www.natureworksllc.com/Product-and-Applications [9] R.S.Blackburn, “Biodegradable and Sustainable Fibres” , Crc Press Inc, 2005 (S.199-200) [10] A.Mohanty, M.Misra, L.Drzal, “Natural Fibres, Biopolymers, and Biocomposites”, CRC Press Inc, 2005 (S.567) [11] K.M. Nampoothiri, N.R. Nair, R.P.John, “An overview of recent developments in polylactide (PLA) research”, Bioresource Technology 101, 2010 (S 8493-8501) [12] biopolymernetzwerk.fnr.de/verarbeitung/kompetenznetzwerkknvb [13] E.Tarkhanov, A.Lehmann, Fraunhofer IAP, Annual Report 2014 (S.40-41) [14] E.Tarkhanov, A.Lehmann, Fraunhofer IAP, Annual Report 2015 (S.36-37) [15] H. Tsuji, „Poly(lactide) Streocomplexes: Formation, Strucure, Properties, Degradation, and Applications“, Mocrom. Biosci. 5, 2005 (S. 569-597)

bioplastics MAGAZINE [05/16] Vol. 11

Fibres & Textiles

Wood based fibres for industrial applications Cellulose, the most abundant polymer on this planet, plays a key role in the global fibre market

ustria headquartered Lenzing AG developed a process to transform wood based precursor material into a fibre with multiple end-uses. Innovation has always played an important role in its corporate history. The invention of Lenzing ModalÂŽ was followed by the development of a producer dyed color pigmented modal fibre with outstanding fastness properties. Many years of intense research resulted in afibre production process only using a physical cellulose dissolving mechanism known by its generic name Lyocell. Lenzing AG is selling Lyocell products under its brandname TENCELÂŽ.

Figure 1: Cellulose cycle

Photosynthesis

Disposal

Trees

Historically used only for global apparel and home textiles its unique inherent properties for technical end-application as described hereafter.

Lenzing Modal Color as an alternative for plastic nets: Lenzing fibre products are part of the natural cellulose cycle. Outstanding trait of them are, that they are from renewable sources and naturally compostable. The wood pulp used for man-made cellulosefibre products stems from sustainably managed sources. The origins of the forests and plantations and their methods of production are well known. Using sustainable packaging materials that are part of the cellulose cycle will dramatically reduce the global usage of crude oil derivate in this area. A market study showed the strong interest in such packaging material from the retail side. The Lenzing AG has together with partners developed sustainable nets for fruits and vegetables. This new packaging solution bears significantly positive environmental impact. Wood based cellulose nets are fully biodegradable, compostable, allowing it to reenter the food life cycle. Studies with regard to the rate of being compostable were carried out in carefully controlled environments. Wood based Lenzing fibres were found completely degraded after 6 weeks in a static aerated compost pile, whereas cotton fibre suffered a weight loss of approximately only 80 %. Under identical conditions, polyester (PET), polypropylene and polyethylene are not degradable at all. Upon these results big retailers have already decided to implement the concept of fruit and vegetable nets made of Lenzing Modal.

bioplastics MAGAZINE [05/16] Vol. 11

Use

Textiles and nonwovens products

Figure 2: Lenzing Modal Nets for packaging

Pulp

Cellulose fiber production

Fibres & Textiles Tencel new solutions for the footwear industry The newest fibre generation developed by Lenzing AG is called Tencel. Fibers are obtained by only dissolving the cellulose in a solvent and spinning the fibre into a waterborne spinning bath. Nearly 100 % of the solvent used is recovered in the process. Contrary to other ways of cellulosic fibre manufacturing, this new technology of making fibre is based on a physical rather than a chemical process. This technology an example of ecological soundness, received the environmental award of the European Union. It makes Tencel - apart from its excellentfibre characteristics – even an alternative to synthetic fibres for a wide variety of applications. Recently introduced Tencel in footwear offers, in comparison to traditional materials, three remarkable benefits: moisture management performance improvement sustainability

period, no separation of the remaining plant and the twine is necessary. The residual biomass can be directly transferred to composting site, offering time saving and as well as cost reduction is an environmentally sustainable product.

Outlook Cellulosic fibres manufactured according to the lyocell process have a great potential to substitute standard plastics and oil based synthetic fibres. Coming from renewable origin, Tencel can be returned into the natural cycle without restrictions. The claim: from nature to usage and back to nature is truly fulfilled. Currently Lenzing AG is evaluating additional promising applications where sustainability will meet demanding technical performance criteria like for carry bags, filters and even thermoplastic reinforcement and composite materials will be investigated. www.lenzing.com

5F30-07

By: Marina Crnoja-Cosic, Berndt Köll, Martin Marsche, Robert Malinowsky LENZING AG Lenzing, Austria

Moisture management: Fabrics and nonwovens containing Tencel provide excellent moisture properties. An outstanding characteristic of Tencel is the ability to absorb and release moisture, which results in a long-lasting optimal foot climate. Tencel contributes to the reduction of odour causing bacteria within footwear components. An increased wearing comfort is guaranteed.

Figure 3: Botanic shoe concept with Tencel

Lenzing and a number of renowned partners are currently innovating footwear components like lining, inner lining, thermo-adhesive lining, paddings as well as insoles all focused on improved moisture management and requested technical performance. Along with media attention on topics like climate change, shortage of important natural resources, declining working conditions and the abundancy of potentially harmful substances, global demand for sustainable consumer products is growing. Lenzing AG is taking ownership and developed with its supply chain partners solutions for a number of textile footwear components. Meanwhile also laces, zippers and even sewing threads can be obtained from Tencel. Shoe manufacturers and designers can choose for a sustainable footwear parts portfolio offering enhanced moisture management opportunities without compromising performance and longevity of the product.

Figure 4: Tencel twines for green-house

Tencel Twines, the sustainable solution for growing fruits and vegetables Cellulose based Tencel is compostable and biodegradable, even in marine environment. Looking at the cellulose cycle, the usage of this fibre is equivalent to that, what is nowadays claimed as circular economy. Agro twines produced from Tencel, mainly for greenhouse use can be tailored to keep the required strength during the growth period of the plant, but being compostable after harvesting. With this unique feature it is possible to substitute plastic twines and wire twines. After harvesting

bioplastics MAGAZINE [05/16] Vol. 11

Fibres & Textiles

Latest innovation from milk Softer, thinner, skin-friendly, antibacterial and 100 % natural nonwovens

ustainable? Of course. But it’s much more than that. QMILK is a unique natural fibre with thermo-bonding properties and probably the world’s smallest CO2 – footprint that offers exciting opportunities for new nonwoven material combinations. Qmilk is a protein (casein) fibre, comparable to wool and silk and it is the first natural binder fibre for nonwovens. It enhances the natural content and sustainable properties of these materials, and is particularly suitable for use with natural fibres. The fibres are bonded via a thermal bonding process that uses pressure and a relatively low temperature of around 100 °C, which yields benefits in terms of energy savings, as well as production efficiency, while increasing the sustainability of the process. The surface of a nonwoven made with Qmilk has a silky feel and can be embossed. The improved properties of a wool felt product into which Qmilk has been incorporated amply illustrate this effect: the resulting felt is a modern, natural product with a longer life, a distinctive, new silk fabric feel, decreased pilling and increased strength. Moreover, it is also possible to replace the wool content while retaining the wool properties, or to make use of inferior wool fibres without any loss of quality of the final product.

Wet wipe

Qmilk also fits into the convenience products megatrend, a trend that has generated heightened demand for fibres, and natural fibres, in particular. Qmilk can not only meet this demand, but can also contribute important characteristics in the area of hygiene and medicine, such as the silky-soft feel and skin care characteristics. With its hydrophilic properties, Qmilk is the ideal combination material for wet wipes made from viscose and cellulose. In addition, Qmilk fibre’s natural bactericidal properties make this a environmentally-friendly replacement for silver or other antibacterial agent, while at the same time saving costs. The sustainable aspects of Qmilk go beyond the the products alone: Qmilk fibres not only boast the smallest CO2 - footprint of all fibres worldwide, consist of 100 % renewable raw materials and are produced in ecological zero waste-processes, but the fabrication of the Qmilkfibre occurs via an equally ecologically beneficial process. To make Qmilk, milk is used that is unfit for consumption and that until now, was disposed of as an expensive, unused by-product. In Germany alone, 2 million tonnes of such non-food milk are discarded every single year. MT

Wool-felt product

www.qmilk.eu

bioplastics MAGAZINE [05/16] Vol. 11

The World‘s No. 1 Trade Fair for Plastics and Rubber 19–26 October, Düsseldorf, Gemany Please visit us at: Hall 8a / G32

Industrial Solutions

Polylactide Technology Uhde Inventa Fischer Polycondensation Technologies has expanded its product portfolio to include the innovative state-of-the-art PLAneo ® process for a sustainable polymer. The feedstock for our PLA process is lactic acid, which can be produced from local agricultural products containing starch or sugar. The application range of PLA is similar to that of polymers based on fossil resources as its physical properties can be tailored to meet packaging, textile and other requirements. www.uhde-inventa-fischer.com

bioplastics MAGAZINE [05/16] Vol. 11

Fibres & Textiles

Biobased textile fabrics for clothing applications

round one million tonnes of fabrics used for clothing applications (including casual and workwear) are produced each year in Europe by yarn spinning (ring and rotor spinning techniques) combining natural fibres (such as cotton or wool) and synthetic fibres (such as polyester). Blends of natural fibres and synthetics are generally prepared to improve comfort and durability aspects of the end products. However, these standard fabrics are complex to recycle after their use since both types of fibres are intermingled and cannot be separated again. Companies in the textile industry are challenged today to make a radical shift towards innovative and high added value products to counter the competition with low-wage countries. In this context, FIBFAB project currently under Grant Agreement preparation will receive funding from the European Union (H2020 Fast Track to Innovation Pilot programme) in order to successfully launch and industrialize the production of biodegradable and sustainable polylactic acid (PLA) based fabrics (wool/PLA and cotton/PLA) for the applications in casual (menswear and womenswear), protective and workwear clothing, and to overcome the current limitations of PLA fibres as a real alternative to current fabrics (wool and cotton combined with polyester fibres). This improvement will be carried out by applying the knowhow and methodology developed in prior European projects BIOFIBROCAR and BIOAGROTEX.

By: Amparo Verdú Solís Extrusion Department Researcher AIMPLAS (Plastics Technology Centre Paterna, Spain

bioplastics MAGAZINE [05/16] Vol. 11

Main FIBFAB project innovations will be: To obtain a final clothing product 100 % biobased and biodegradable that meets the mechanical and performance requirements of the textile sector in correspondence with the final applications. To improve the current poor thermal resistance of PLA fibres to meet the requirements in several clothing applications by the technology developed in previous EU projects to enhance the final PLA crystallinity. To improve the extrusion process for PLA fibres (fine fibres less than 3 dtex) and especially the mechanical spinning process (friction control in ring spinning) to be able to spin PLA blend fibres at higher speeds. To introduce in the textile market yarns and fabrics produced from PLA fibres and cotton or wool. Due to the chemical nature of PLA, it has been proved that it has better breathability, hydrophilic properties, UV resistance, low smoke production and flammability and lower density than PES.

With a duration of 24 months, AIMPLAS Plastics Technology Centre will coordinate this Innovation project and, together with the rest of the consortium, (Centexbel, D.S. Fibres, Yünsa and Sintex) cover the textile value chain from fibre production to product manufacturing and thus ensuring that industrial implementation of PLA fibres for clothing will be possible. www.aimplas.es

7.1B41

Drive Innovation Become a Member Join university researchers and industry members to push the boundaries of renewable resources and establish new processes and products.

www.cb2.iastate.edu See us at K 2016 October 19-26, 2016 DĂźsseldorf, Germany Hall 5, Booth C07-1 bioplastics MAGAZINE [05/16] Vol. 11

Brand Owner

Brand-Owner’s perspective on bioplastics and how to unleash its full potential “Petroleum is a limited resource, so we believe that bioplastics will become ubiquitous. We need to research and develop bioplastics that meet all of the stringent performance and durability requirements for automotive applications, while developing the supply chain. This will be a challenge, given current depressed prices of petrol, but the benefits reducing our environmental impact and providing material choices for future generations are worth it.”

Deborah F. Mielewski Senior Technical Leader, Sustainable Materials an d Plastics Ford Research and Inno vation Center

Save the Date: Upcoming nova-Institute Conferences

6 – 7 December 2016 Maternushaus, Cologne, Germany 200 participants expected

Carbon Dioxide as Feedstock for Fuels, Chemistry and Polymers Sessions: Policy & Visions ++ Artificial Photosynthesis & H2 Generation ++ Chemicals & Polymers ++ CO2-based Fuels ++ Free booths available for the first ten exhibitors www.co2-chemistry.eu

10 – 11 May 2017 Maternushaus, Cologne, Germany 300 participants expected

Bio-based Building Blocks for Polymers ++ Start-up session ++ Policy and Markets ++ Biotechnology ++ Innovation Award ++ Call for papers ++ Free booths available for the first ten exhibitors www.bio-based-conference.com

Contact: Mr. Dominik Vogt, +49 (0) 2233 48 14 49, dominik.vogt@nova-institut.de 24

All conferences at www.bio-based.eu

bioplastics MAGAZINE [04/16] Vol. 11

Brand Owner

ÂŽ

EcoworldÂŽ PBAT and its compounds can be widely applied to manufacturing of shopping bags, food packages, mulch films and garbage bags etc. Please visit us at: Hall 7,level 2/A12

100% bioplastics MAGAZINE [04/16] Vol. 11

Application News

PHA to diagnose and

New PLA cup

combat tumours

recycling system

For the very first time, bioplastic can be used to diagnose and treat tumours thanks to the first patent registered by Bio-on (San Giorgio di Piano, Italy) in the nanomedical field, particularly in nanodiagnostics (nanoimaging). Bio-on researchers use nanotechnologies to create minerv BIOMEDS: these are revolutionary and innovative nanocapsules in PHAs bioplastic (polyhydroxyalkanoates) capable of simultaneously containing two contrast media: magnetic nanoparticles and gold nanocylinders. These two elements flag up diseased areas of the body, e.g. a tumour mass, using traditional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and the more innovative Photoacoustic imaging.

Recently, a new recycling system for sustainable drinking cups was introduced at Noorderzon Festival in Groningen, The Netherlands (18-28 August 2016).

“Using PHA bioplastic is very advantageous,” explains Prof. Mauro Comes Franchini, Bio-on Chief Scientific Advisor, “because it is safe for the patient and has no side effects. As an industrial chemist, my main goal is to work with products that are safe for the environment and human health, especially when it comes to biomedical applications. Bio-on bioplastics fully meet these requirements and open up important, unexplored fields for nanotechnologies in medicine - a rapidly growing sector.” This technology has a diagnostic as well as a therapeutic function, given that drugs can be inserted into the nanocapsules, for chemotherapy for example. This will enable minerv BIOMEDS nanocapsules to be used in targeted and selective cancer therapies in the future. Combining Therapeutic with Diagnostics has led the two terms to be fused, thus creating Theranostics. “This versatility makes nanocapsules multifunctional,” explains Franchini, “and this dual system will allow clinical theranostic applications in oncology and in neurodegenerative disorders, enabling medical professionals to work safely on patients.” The sustainable and biodegradable PHAs bioplastics developed by Bio-on are made from renewable plant sources with no competition with food supply chains. The research conducted and the patent registered by Bio-on show that they can be used successfully in the nanomedical field precisely because they are biocompatible and safe for human health. The global market in contrast media alone is dominated by four multinational companies that generated an overall turnover of USD4.3 billion in 2015. According to the most recent estimates, this figure should rise to $6 billion with 39.5 % growth over the next 5 years. “We are proud to contribute to such an important sector for human health,” says Bio-on Chairman Marco Astorri, “We will continue to do so by extending our direct presence even more in the biomedical and nanomedical sector.” MT www.bio-on.it

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For this project the disposable bioplastic (PLA) cups were recycled and made into drink tokens for the next edition of the Festival. During the festival, multiple companies such as Rotterdam based Bio Futura B.V. will join forces and gather approximately 500,000 bioplastic cups, which will be recycled. Visitors are asked for help and will be rewarded a drink token for every 50 cups they hand in. The cups will be transported to a Belgian factory, specialized in recycling. Here they will be shredded, washed and melted into granulate, ready to be made into drink tokens for the 2017 edition of the Noorderzon Festival. A great example of Reduce, Reuse and Recycle. The festival has been using bioplastic cups for many years now. These cups are made from biobased PLA. During the production a significantly lower amount of CO² is released in comparison to petroleum based plastics. After use the material can be industrially composted or transformed into biogas. However, whenever possible, recycling would be an even more sustainable option than composting. Through recycling, the raw material can be saved and this completely closes the loop. The festival offers a wide range of activities and performances. Next to this, the festival also pays attention to science and innovation. “It is thanks to these constant innovations that we are able to get few steps closer to a biobased economy,” said Wouter Moekotte, owner and founder of Bio Futura. MT www.biofutura.nl

Last minute K-Show News

Application News Buss Laboratory Kneader MX 30-22

High-tech bio-PA fibres At K’2016 Evonik, the specialty chemical company is presenting women’s fashions! The fascinating part: The elegant garments are made 100 % of innovative biopolyamide fibres based on VESTAMID® Terra. The high-tech textile fibres have a lot to offer: maximum wearing comfort and unexcelled performance. They are extremely light, flexible, and breathable. Processed into high-quality fabrics, they have an odor-reducing effect thanks to their lasting natural bacteriostatic characteristics. In addition, they dry quickly and require no ironing. Because of their uniqueness, the innovative high-performance fibres can be processed in all textile applications, including an Italian designer fabric for evening gowns, functional sporting togs, and durable upholstery materials. The fibres are produced from Vestamid Terra, a biopolyamide that is obtained 100 % from the seeds of the castor bean plant. In addition to the environmental advantage, it is above all the sustainability approach of Vestamid Terra that is so convincing. Since castor bean plants can also withstand long periods of drought, they are cultivated in dry areas which are not suitable for any other form of agriculture. The biopolymer from Evonik’s Resource Efficiency Segment therefore has no adverse effect on the human food chain. Unlike various other biopolymers that are based on natural products grown on cropland. The product development process profited from Evonik’s technical expertise in the area of highperformance plastics as well as the fibre-processing experience of Fulgar, an Italian fibre manufacturer, which markets the biopolyamide fibres under the brand name EVO®. With Vestamid Terra, Evonik offers three variants of biopolyamides, PA 610, PA 1010, and PA 1012, which differ in their profile of properties and close gaps in the previously available range of properties of polyamides. They are long-lasting, durable, and meet the requirements of demanding applications, for example in the automotive, sports, and textile industries. Typical applications of Vestamid Terra products are injection molding, fibres, powders, extrusion, and films.MT www.vestamid-terra.com

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Buss Kneader Technology

Leading Compounding Technology for heat and shear sensitive plastics For more than 60 years Buss Kneader technology has been the benchmark for continuous preparation of heat and shear sensitive compounds – a respectable track record that predestines this technology for processing biopolymers such as PLA and PHA. > Uniform and controlled shear mixing > Extremely low temperature profile > Precise temperature control > High filler loadings

Hall 16 Stand 16/A59

bioplastics MAGAZINE [05/16] Vol. 11

Application News

The Pro-crate Dutch Water Tech (Bergen op Zoom, The Netherlands) has partnered with bioplastics producer Rodenburg Biopolymers (Oosterhout, NL) and injection molding specialist Omefa (Nieuwkoop, NL) to develop and commercialize a crate structure designed to promote plant growth by protecting young plants from being eaten by waterfowl and fish. The three parties invested jointly in a new mould, with financial support from the WestBrabant regional development company Rewin.

The Challenge Marginal plants and submerged plants have a positive effect on water quality, as they store nutrients and add oxygen. These plants prevent ponds from colonization by algae, cyanobacteria and flab. However, these plants are also on the menu of waterfowl and fish. The three partners therefore established this project with as goal to protect these plants against their natural enemies, to keep the water in the ponds naturally clean.

The approach To that end, biopolymer crate structures made from starch-based Solanyl material were designed. The structures protect the vulnerable young shoots of the aquatic plants, allowing the plants to develop undisturbed until they are strong and numerous enough to survive. Made of bioplastic, the structure will lose its function after a few years and will start degrading. This means that it will not need to be removed and that it will do no long term harm to the environment.

The solution The modular design of the crate structures makes them suitable for any type of setting. The crates can also be customized to meet the challenges of the specific environment. In addition to these crate structures, Dutch Water Tech also supplies and handles the planting of marginal plants and submerged aquatic plants. Several species that are on the red list of threatened species are available, meaning that the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) objectives are within reach. MT www.biopolymers.nl

Nature grip HEINRICH KIPP WERK (Sulz am Neckar, Germany) recently presented their new NATURE grip screw handles providing an environmentally friendly alternative to the existing product range. For the production of these grips exclusively renewable raw materials are being used. With the sales launch of the new Nature grip product line, Heinrich Kipp Werk is showing that quality and sustainability are by no means mutually exclusive. All screw handles (such as star grips, mushroom knobs, knurled knops, spherical knobs etc.) made from the bioplastic material show the wellknown outstanding functionality and good mechanical strength with at least two-fold safety.

The bioplastic compound is an environmentally friendly alternative to oil-based plastics, and ensures independence from fossil resources. The matrix consists of a proprietary, completely renewably sourced glucose based blend with additional additives, while the wood fibres originate 100 % from sustainably managed German forests and are PEFC certified. The grip pieces are fully recyclable and are strongly resistant to acids and lyes. The knobs are available either in black or gray in a special timber design with exposed wood fibres. MT

www.kipp.com/gb/en/NATURE-grip.html

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Plant-based packaging

Cluster Neue Werkstoffe

for smartphone case Vancouver, Canada-based Solegear Bioplastic Technologies Inc. and r-pac International, a leading global supplier of retail packaging, recently announced a replenishment order from r-pac International Solegear’s proprietary TF4000 bioplastic will be used for the production of additional smartphone case packaging to support an upcoming launch at a leading US-based consumer electronics retailer. This order represents a forecast of 600,000 smartphone case packages to be produced by r-pac from Solegear’s plant-based bioplastic with delivery commencing this fall.

biopolymere. 5. Kooperationsforum mit Fachausstellung

“Following an initial launch of plant-based smartphone case packaging last fall, this latest order represents an ongoing commitment from the retailer to meet demand from consumers for more sustainable products and packaging,” said Paul Antoniadis, CEO of Solegear. “Our collaborative partnership with r-pac International means that we continue to develop packaging materials that meet real-world performance and manufacturing requirements for Fortune 500 brands, and these solutions are resulting in long-term customer relationships and commitments.” Solegear’s Traverse TF4000 is a USDA BioPreferred packaging material with independently verified plantbased content and enhanced thermal properties. Designed as a drop-in replacement for petroleum-based plastic packaging, TF4000 can be readily processed in standard thermoforming equipment and contains no BPAs, phthalates or other chemicals of concern.

www.solegear.ca

BILDNACHWEIS

“Through our continued collaboration with Solegear, we have been able to execute on this goal with industryleading plant-based plastic packaging without sacrificing logistic or brand performance.” KL

fotolia/Sarikhani

“Delivering innovative solutions is key to nurturing long-term partnerships with our clients,” stated Michael Teitelbaum, CEO of r-pac.

Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Halle Straubing, 15. November 2016 ANMELDUNG

www.bayern-innovativ.de/biopolymere2016

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Materials

Mineral plastic A new class of plastics has been inspired by nature and is easily degradable

onventional plastics are based on crude oil and it is widely accepted that they potentially can cause problems for the environment. One aspect in these discussions is, that most of them are not degradable. The research group around Helmut Cölfen, professor of physical chemistry at the University of Konstanz, has now produced an entirely new mineral plastic whose structure copies biomaterials. The plastic is a so-called hydrogel that can be produced at room temperature from calcium carbonate and polyacrylic acid in water. The material can directly be recycled or transformed and is self-healing in its gel state. In the dry state, the material has the consistency of a crab shell and is pliable. The nontoxic plastic material might partly replace conventional plastics in the future and thus contribute to avoid possible environmental problems. The paper has been published in the scientific journal “Angewandte Chemie” [1]. Conventional plastics are usually not biodegradable, and the recycling process also requires energy. The research group from Konstanz used the guiding principle of green chemistry for the production of their mineral plastic. The process was inspired by mineralisation in nature, which is based on calcium carbonate. The hydrogel, which might replace plastics, consists of calcium carbonate nano particles. Polyacrylic acid is used to link these particles. The hydrogel can be produced without energy input at room temperature and is malleable and self-healing. Cracks, for example, will close again after applying a drop of water. Two separate components can be joined together in the same way. The gel can also be used as a temperature sensor, as it changes its colour when heated. Recycling the gel is no problem because it can be re-shaped without energy input. By adding water and a weak acid, such as acetic acid or citric acid, the gel will dissolve by releasing carbon dioxide. The residual polyacrylic acid is non-toxic.

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“The production process of the hydrogel can directly be adapted by the industry, especially since the source materials are industrially produced at low cost,” Helmut Cölfen explains. Once the material has dried, it takes on the distinctive qualities of plastic, as it is both durable and pliable at the same time. This makes it a suitable replacement for conventional plastics in dry applications, for example in electronic components. A further development of this substance might be cover material, which should not, however, affect the recycling process. The special swelling capacity combined with its hardness after drying makes the material suitable in building applications to fill cracks. In contrast to biominerals, which are hard once they are finished, e.g. bones or teeth, the hydrogel is pliable. In addition to examining natural processes, the research group around Helmut Cölfen is now very interested in systematically changing the properties of such gels to produce other mineral plastics for specific applications. Future research projects will also consider possible medical applications for this new class of substance. The researchers will test other minerals as source material and they have planned to use polyaspartic acid as a potential cross-linking agent. This acid is completely biodegradable. MT www.uni-konstanz.com References: [1] Hydrogels from Amorphous Calcium Carbonate and Polyacrylic Acid: Bio-Inspired Materials for “Mineral Plastics” Shengtong Sun, Li-Bo Mao, Zhouyue Lei, Shu-Hong Yu and Helmut Cölfen. Angewandte Chemie International Edition (DOI: 10.1002/anie.201602849).

Materials

The elegance of traditional Japanese lacquerware

EC Corporation (Tokyo, Japan), in collaboration with the Kyoto Institute of Technology and a representative Japanese lacquerware artist, Dr. Yutaro Shimode, recently announced the development of a bioplastic using cellulose based resin [1] from grasses, trees and other non-edible plant resources that features the highly regarded URUSHI BLACK color of Japanese traditional lacquerware.

In order to create the new cellulose-based bioplastic, NEC developed a unique technology for mixing additives to adjust coloration and light reflectance of the material, enabling, for the first time, the realization of optical properties (low brightness, high glossiness, etc.) similar to the deep and shiny URUSHI BLACK color of high-grade Japanese lacquerware. The new plastic balances a high level of environmental friendliness and decorativeness and makes it possible to mass produce products of various shapes and patterns using the usual molding process for ordinary plastics. “In response to the depletion of resources and food shortage problems, the need for non-edible-plantbased plastics is increasing. In addition to NEC’s history in the development of a unique cellulose-based plastic (NeCycle® [2]) using non-edible plant materials for use in durable electronic products, we have now developed a new bioplastic that, in addition to high functionality, realizes the decorativeness of Japanese lacquerware, which is highly evaluated throughout the world, and illustrates a beauty well beyond what petroleum-based plastics can provide,” said Dr. Masatoshi Iji, Research Fellow, IoT Devices Research Laboratories NEC Corporation. This development was carried out in collaboration with the Kyoto Institute of Technology’s Future-Applied Conventional Technology Centre and Dr. Yutaro Shimode [3], a prominent Japanese lacquerware artist. The development process involved the fabrication of a Japanese lacquerware URUSHI CRAFT model by Dr. Shimode as a first step. The model, a transparent resin plate repeatedly coated with Japanese lacquer and polished by hand, served as the standard for the advanced optical properties exhibited by highquality Japanese lacquerware. Scientific analysis was performed on Japanese lacquerware at the Kyoto Institute of Technology. Based on the results, NEC then developed an optimized technology for modifying and mixing of the additives.

Key features of the URUSHI BLACK bioplastic Use of non-edible plant materials that are readily available as the main ingredient. The new bioplastic uses cellulose resin produced from cellulose that is widely available from non-edible plant resources, such as grasses, the stalks of cereal crops and wood, and has the potential to be used as a substitute for petroleum. Realizes the advanced optical properties (Urushi black) of high-grade Japanese lacquerware. Black coloring agents and highly refractive organic ingredients were mixed with the above cellulose resin as special additives to adjust the resin’s coloration and light reflectance properties. By dispersing the additives into fine particles, NEC became the first to achieve the advanced optical properties exhibited by high-grade Japanese lacquerware with a bioplastic material. The new bioplastic can be mass-produced into products of various shapes using existing process technology. Conventionally, lacquerware is produced by coating the surface of substrates with lacquer and polishing them. For this newly developed bioplastic, the materials can be heated, melted, and injected into molds (mirror-finishing) to form shapes (injection molding), as with ordinary plastics. This makes it possible to mass-produce the bioplastic into products of various shapes and patterns. NEC is scheduled to present this technology at the 24th Material Processing Technical Conference (M&P 2016) to be held at Waseda University in Tokyo from November 25 to 26, 2016. MT www.nec.com

References: [1] Cellulose resin: Resin made using cellulose that is the main ingredient of the stems of cereal crops and wood, and is not suitable for human consumption. [2] NeCycle®: Brand name of bioplastic material developed mainly by NEC. [3] Japanese lacquerware artist, Dr. Yutaro Shimode: a third-generation president of Shimode makie-studio who is a leading lacquerware artist in Japan.

Going forward, NEC will pursue business partnerships aimed at commercializing the new bioplastic in durable products and high-grade materials that require a high level of decorativeness, such as the interior components of luxury cars.

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K‘2016 Preview

Show Preview T

ld’s premier fair for the he International K Show, The wor once every three years plastics and rubber industry, held g the sector has to ofwill again be presenting everythin e of the art and trailblazing fer. Everything from the latest stat From 19 to 26 October in innovations to development visions. 000 visitors from over 200, Düsseldorf, Germany, more than 100 countries are expected. ies will showcase their At K’2016, more than 3000 compan segments, including over latest developments for all industry services focused specifically 130 companies with products and t is on display is presented on bioplastics. A selection of wha e show experience with the below. Visitors can plan their trad 7. help of the floor plan on pages 36-3 AZINE in hall 7a, booth B10 Don’t miss to visit bioplastics MAG

Ester Industries Ester Industries Ltd. From Gurgoa is India’s leading producer of Specialty Polymers, BOPET Films and Engineering Plastics. The Specialty Polymers division of Ester Industries Ltd. caters the global needs of Specialty Polyesters in Textiles, Carpets, Packaging and Engineering Applications. Among their various products the company offers partly biobased PET grades & BoPET Films using monoethylene glycol from renewable resources. Other products include PET grades with RPET using chemical Recycling. All products are manufactured using energy (heat, steam & refrigeration) derived from bio-waste fired heaters. Ester Industries does not use any fossil fuels. Hence per kg of polyester grades that the company supplies it saves 140 kg of fossil fuels. All electicity used for the plant is from the Hydal power station. www.esterindustries.com

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HEXPOL TPE HEXPOL TPE group, which brings together the ELASTO and Müller Kunststoffe businesses, will showcase Dryflex Green, their recently launched range of biobased thermoplastic elastomers. Dryflex Green is a family of biobased thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) compounds. A range of options has been developed containing raw materials from renewable resources that have been responsibly grown. Raw materials can be produced from various renewable sources, these include products and by-products from agricultural that are rich in carbohydrates, especially saccharides such as grain, sugar beet, sugar cane, etc. The biobased content could derive from different raw materials such as polymers, fillers, plasticizers or additives. The Dryflex Green family includes compounds with amounts of renewable content up to 90% (ASTM D 6866-12) and hardness from 30 Shore A to 50 Shore D. www.hexpoltpe.com

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K‘2016 Preview Biotec BIOTEC will present two new products; BIOPLAST 300 and BIOPLAST 400. All products for flexible film applications by Biotec are plasticizer and GMO-free, including the already well-established products BIOPLAST GF 106/02 and BIOPLAST 500. Biotec is one of the global leading companies in producing starch based compounds. It was established in 1992 and is located in Emmerich am Rhein (Germany). With specialized knowledge, Biotec develops and produces biodegradable and compostable materials, using potato starch as the main renewable resource. All BIOPLAST products are certified with OK compost by Vinçotte, whereas BIOPLAST 300, 400 and 500 are also fulfilling the OK compost HOME requirements by Vinçotte. The bio-based carbon shares are 30 %, 40 % and 50 % respectively, which has been confirmed by Beta Analytics. Additionally, BIOPLAST products are 100 % biodegradable and compostable according to the EN 13432 standard. Biotec provides a range of solutions to bag producers, fulfilling the highest requirements such as the German bio-waste directive for refuse bags and the French legislation for fruit and vegetable bags. (photo: Rene Tillmann / Messe Duesseldorf)

www.biotec.de

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European Bioplastics

Institut für Kunststofftechnik (IKT)

European Bioplastics (EUBP) is the association representing the interests of the bioplastics industry in Europe and has been witness to and mouthpiece for the achievements and outstanding developments of the bioplastics industry over the past two decades to become one of the most innovative and exciting sectors of the European bioeconomy. In Düsseldorf, EUBP will highlight the latest innovations and advancements of the industry and inform visitors about the many benefits of biobased and biodegradable plastic materials. The joint booth of EUBP and bioplastics MAGAZINE will be a hub for all visitors interested in bioplastics and assist to find the right company amongst the over 130 bioplastics companies at the trade show. On three days, 20-22 October (8:00am–12:30pm) bioplastics MAGAZINE will host the Bioplastics Business Breakfast at the CCD Ost (Congress Center on the fairgrounds) with many interesting presentations, including presentations by EUBP, discussions, and a unique networking opportunity.

The Institut für Kunststofftechnik (IKT) of the University of Stuttgart, Germany shows newest results of its research activities in the area of 3D printing. A German RepRap X350 Pro with two extruders is used for the demonstration of 3D printing at the booth. Besides conventional plastic filaments, the IKT also produces complex parts by using highly filled, electrically conductive as well as different bio-based plastics.

www.european-bioplastics.org

At the show experienced employees of IKT will provide insights into current research projects and remain available as neutral and compe-tent contacts for engineering and test services. The IKT with the departments Material Engineering, Processing Technology and Product Engineering operates on the entire spectrum of plastics technology. www.ikt.uni-stuttgart.de

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Please visit www.bioplasticsmagazine.com for updated information about K‘2016. bioplastics MAGAZINE [05/16] Vol. 11

K‘2016 Preview EREMA With CAREFORMANCE the global market leader is all set to herald the age of Recycling 4.0 as the first in the plastics recycling industry to present an extensive Smart Factory package for both recyclers and producers. Recycling 4.0 is no future trend, it will be reality starting at K 2016. At K'2016 EREMA (Ansfelden, Austria) will be building on the success of the INTAREMA® technology presented in 2013, this time with its trade fair theme of “Careformance – We care about your performance” to grow its pioneering role this year with Industry 4.0 applications. “Building on the high degree of automation of the Intarema systems we have developed a Smart Factory package which enables us to give our customers a clear competitive edge and make them fit for the future,” reveals Erema CEO Manfred Hackl. Visitors to the trade fair will not only experience Careformance in theory, they will also see it live in action at the Careformance Recycling Centre covering 480m2 in the outdoor area. This is where visitors will find an Intarema TVEplus 1108 with integrated Laserfilter which will be recycling some of the plastic waste from the K show live on site. The machine, quality and process data will be transferred in real time to the Erema booth in Hall 9.

packaging recycling is. The closed product loop from production to reuse will likewise be presented in live demonstrations. And last but not least the Recycling Centre will feature an extensive exhibition of products made with recyclate, showing how many branches of industry are committed to recyclate. www.erema.at

FG 09.1 and 9C05

Besides the premiere of the live recycling, visitors will be able to judge how convincing progress in the development of plastics

AIMPLAS

Lanxess

AIMPLAS, the Spanish Plastics Technology Centre, will launch its innovations on advanced materials and bioplastics.

The LANXESS Rhein Chemie Additives (ADD) business unit is expanding its large product range of hydrolysis stabilizers for plastics and polyurethanes with the addition of Stabaxol P 110, the first product in a new line of innovative, low-emission polymeric carbodiimides based on alternative raw materials.

The use of plastics in the packaging sector plays an important role in the so-called “circular economy”. In this way, at K’2016 Aimplas is launching different and innovative solutions to improve the sustainability, where bioplastic materials with biodegradable and compostable properties are the main protagonists. For instance, the first tube-shaped biodegradable packaging for cosmetics and packages for dairy products with the same properties that withstand thermal treatments, such as sterilisation and pasteurization, too. Other examples of innovations are packages for juice or patisserie manufactured with sugars obtained from the wastes generated by the industries themselves and multilayer, recyclable and biodegradable packages allowing preserving products such as cheese and fresh pasta. www.aimplas.es

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With Stabaxol P 110, as with the other new carbodiimides, Lanxess is addressing the trend towards customized antihydrolysis agents that are tailor-made for use in individual applications and are thus an enormous improvement with respect to stabilization performance, toxicology, emissions and handling. Stabaxol P 110 shows outstanding performance when used in the thermoplastics PET and PBT and in thermoplastic elastomers (TPE-E). In particular its use in the bioplastic polylactide (PLA) leads to a major extension of the service life of the final article under moist and warm operating conditions. Stabaxol P 110 is supplied in pellet form or as an easy-flowing powder. It can be very easily processed as it does not have to be pre-heated in the production process, has a high softening point of 80 °C and is thus easy to meter uniformly. Typical applications include monofilaments for paper machine screens, cable sheathing, engineering injection moldings and electronic housings. www.lanxess.com

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K‘2016 Preview Kaneka Kaneka Biopolymer AONILEX™ is 100% plant-based and biodegradable polymer to offer flexibility in films and heat resistance in solid products. Aonilex is produced by Kaneka’s unique microbial fermentation process, can be processed on conventional polymer processing equipment, and is applicable to versatile biodegradable and durable applications. Kaneka's focal point for the establishment of manufacturing technology is utilizing non-food biomasses as a primary raw material, and it contributes to a reduced use of fossil-based materials. Additionally, their recent research shows that Aonilex has biodegradable behavior in marine environment, where it can contribute to reducing marine pollution by plastics. www.kaneka.be

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bioplastics MAGAZINE bioplastics MAGAZINE is celebrating its 10th anniversary – at K’2016. For 10 years now, bioplastics MAGAZINE has kept all interested readers informed about all developments in the field of bioplastics: i.e. plastics that are made from renewable resources, and plastics that are biodegradable or plastics that are both. The joint booth at K’2016, together with the industry association European Bioplastics, will again be a hub for all visitors interested in these trendsetting materials. More than 130 companies will present their bioplastics products and services in Düsseldorf. So the joint booth will assist everyone to find the right company for their needs. In addition, bioplastics MAGAZINE will present the trade journal, the smartphone and tablet app, their books and consulting services and finally their conference programm. The latter includes the Bioplastics Business Breakfast, now organized already for the third time (see pp 10 for details). www.bioplasticsmagazine.com

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FKuR Bioplastic specialist FKuR (Willich, Germany) has developed a new technology for the production of compounds which can be processed into flexible packaging films with particularly low thickness and, at the same time, high puncture resistance. With Bio-Flex® FX 1120 and Bio-Flex FX 1130, FKuR will be presenting the first two products based on this new technology. Films made from these materials are suitable for food contact and compostable according to EN 13432. Depending upon the type, the proportion of renewable raw materials is more than 50 %. The processing of both FX types of Bio-Flex corresponds largely to standard PE processing. For especially thin films Bio-Flex® FX 1130 is designed to complement the previous standard compound Bio-Flex® F 1130. Whilst films made of conventional F 1130 have a paperlike touch the FX quality offers a silky surface. Films produced with this blend are further characterized by an increased tensile strength, puncture and tear resistance. This enables converters to use less material without compromising the performance characteristics of the film. In practice, it has been proven that film thicknesses of 8 microns are possible. In addition, film manufacturers benefit from high throughputs in extrusion, as well as excellent sealing properties of the material.

Julian Schmeling, head of development at FKuR says: „Aside from the use of renewable resources, material reduction is an essential pillar on the road to achieving greater sustainability. This applies to conventional plastics as well as to bioplastics. In conventional polyolefin films, the trend to produce thinner films without the loss of strength and toughness is already known for quite some time. Films made from biodegradable resins have reached sufficient performance values with thicknesses of about 15 microns. In practice, the film thicknesses today are between 18 and 26 microns. Thanks to the use of novel polymeric additive systems and an adapted compounding process, FKuR now provides converters with the possibility to follow the trend using bioplastics and combine significant material savings along with compostability.“ www.fkur.com

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For 50 % biobased bags Bio-Flex® FX 1120 is a new development for film production, especially for very thin bags, such as bio-waste bags. The increased water resistance, when compared to starch blends, permits a high retention of moisture which is originated during the decomposition of organic products in bio-bags. With a high proportion of renewable raw materials of more than 50 %, the Bio-Flex® FX 1120 compound fulfills the requirements of the German Bio-waste Ordinance.

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Meet us @ K 2016

19.-26. 10. 2016

HALL 5 | B22 www.succinity.com

the association representing the bioplastics industry in Europe

g the n i v i r D tics s a l p Driving the f o n o i t u l evo

evolution of plastics www.european-biopolastics.org To learn more about the bioplastics industry, visit our booth 7a/B10, the hub for bioplastics at www.european-bioplastics.org Shaping the future of PLA bioplastics

Visit us: B22, Hall 5 Learn more about PLA in: Automotive Consumer electronics Fibers & non-wovens Packaging & disposables

www.european-bioplastics.org

Hall 3 3F25 eurolaser Hall 5 5D04-07 Actiplast 5D04-12 Addikem 5D04-12 Addiplast 5C21+D21 BASF 5B18 Biesterfeld Plastic 5D04-13 Biotec biologische Naturver- packungen 5C07-1 Center for Bioplastics and Biocomposites Corbion Group 5B22 5B10 Dyneon 5D05 Ensinger 5B03-03 Ester Industries 5A43 geba Kunststoffcompounds Hubron (International) 5A39 Itene Research Center 5F10 5C22 Kraton Perfomance Polymers 5F30-05 Kruschitz 5F30-07 Lenzing 5D04-04 NaturePlast 5D04-01 Polytechs 5D04-06 SAS GMP 5C08-2 Vertellus 5A26 Wells Plastics Hall 6 6B42 Akro-Plastic 6A42 API Applicazioni Plastiche Industriali 6C56 Arkema Ascend Performance Materials 6C52 6D07 Begra Granulate Bio-Fed Zweigniederlassung 6B42 der Akro-Plastic Braskem Europe 6D27 6 Gallery 6A75.1-3 Covestro DSM in Engineering Plastics N-04 6C43 DuPont Ems- Chemie Deutschland 6E61 6E79 Ensinger Sintimid 6B28 Evonik FKuR Kunststoff / FKuR Polymers 6E48 6D76 Fraunhofer - UMSICHT Grafe Advanced Polymers 6E75 Hoffmann + Voss 6D76 6B42 K.D.Feddersen 6A40 Kaneka Corporation Lanxess Deutschland 6C76 5E20 Lucobit 6A58 Novamont 6A23 Pentac Polymer 6B55 Polimarky 6C50 Polymer-Chemie Polymer-Service PSG 6E16 Sabic Europe 6D42 6C50 TechnoCompound 12E19 Tecnaro 6E74 Tecni-Plasper UBE Europe 6E08 Wacker Chemie 6A10 Hall 7 7C22 Croda Coatings & Polymers 7SC01 Fraunhofer - IGB Fraunhofer - WKI 7SC01 7C34 Proviron Functional Chemicals 7.1A23 A.J.Plast AIMPLAS Instituto Tecnologico 7.1B41 Del Plastico 7.1B55 Blend Colours Constab Polyolefin Additives 7.1C20 7.1E48 Forplas Plastik Gema Elektro Plastik ve 7.1C21 Elektronik 7.1A55 Granulat GmbH Granulat 2000 7.1E03-32 Jiangsu Torise Biomaterials Kafrit Industries (1993) 7.1C20 7.1D01 Kandui Industries 7.1C12 Ravago 7.1A05 Rialti 7.1A05 Rideco Shandong Dawn Polymer 7.1E44

7.1A05 Shinkong Synthetic Fibers 7.1B25 Silon GSI Europe - Import + Export 7.2B06 7.2A12 Jinhui Zhaolong High Technology 7.2B02 Perceptive Profile Polydist (Europe) 7.2E07 7.2E15 RTP Deutschland Shenzhen Hongcai New Materials 7.2D16 Tech. 7.2B10 Toyobo Europe Bioplastics Magazine 7aB10 7aB10 European Bioplastics Kuraray Europe 7aD06 Kuraray EVAL Europe 7aD06 Managing Company Industrial 7aD19 Park Kamskie Polyany Nippon Gohsei Europe 7aC30 7aD21 Nurel Sojitz Europe 7aC30 7aD19 TathimPlast Hall 8 8aD12 A.Schulman Europe 8aH20 Add-Chem Germany Alok Masterbatches 8aB12 8aJ11 Clariant Cossa Polimeri 8aD50 8aH10 Cumapol Emmen DuFor Resins 8aH10 8aH18 Elasto Sweden 8aD50 Fi-Plast 8aK27 Granic Gestora Catalana de Residuos 8aE12-03 Grupo Repol Hexpol TPE 8aH18 8aB09 Inno-Comp Lehmann & Voss 8aG33 Mitsubishi Chemical - MCPP 8aF49 France Müller Kunststoffe 8aH18 Plastika Kritis - Global Colors 8aG41 8aB28 Romira 8aH28 Sukano thyssenkrupp - Polymer Division 8aG32 8bA61 Albis Plastic Emery Oleochemicals 8bA58 8bF80 Eurotec Eingineering Plastics Forever Plast 8bA31 8bC29 Franplast 8bE43-02 Gumotex Heng Hiap Industries 8bH70 Hesco Kunststoffverarbeitung 8bE61 Kunststoffwerk Bremen 8bC61 8bE71-02 Maskom Plastik 8bD46 mtm plastics 8bH29 Nordmann, Rassmann 8bC55 Pebo 8bE34 Schaetti 8bH11-19 Shandong Si Dake Biodegradable Technology 8bG11-04 Shenzhen Korllin Ecoplastics Technology 8bF63 Sirmax 8bE70 SK Chemicals Technamation Technical 8bE61 Europe Hall 9 9C28 Erema Hall 12 12A19 Everplast Machinery Hall 14 14A04 Dezhou Hongkun Pharm Intermediate 14A70-04 Kitamura Chemicals North Entrance NE01 Der Grüne Punkt Duales System Deutschland OA10/10.1 DOW Europe

Show Guide

Note: All companies listed on p. 36 were found yin the official K’2016 catalogue under bioplastics

bioplastics MAGAZINE, Polymedia Publisher GmbH Hall 07a, B10

BIOPLASTICS BUSINESS BREAKFAST

20. - 22.10.2016 You can use this double page as your personal show guide. As there are usually a lot of last minute changes, you’ll find up-to-date information at www.bioplasticsmagazine.com

TECNARO – The Biopolymer Company ARBOFORM®, ARBOBLEND® and ARBOFILL®www.tecnaro.de

See us: Hall 12 / E19

K‘2016 Preview Natureplast The valuing of waste and by-products is and will be in upcoming years an important issue in economics and environment. NaturePlast (Ifs, France), expert in the field of biobased and biodegradable plastics since 2006, works to accompany manufacturers in the development of new ways of valuing their by-products in the field of plastics. It is possible, in most cases, to recuperate the industrial waste in order to incorporate them into plastic or bioplastic materials, so creating new materials. Examples from the food industries are fruits and vegetables, skin, pulp, pit, seed, hull, marc, etc. From cereals the hulls, straw, dust, etc. can be used. And in the marine sector you find algae, seashell powder, etc. From the textile industries leather, silk, cotton, linen, etc. can be exploited. And finally there are material (and waste) streams such as wood, shive, cork, vine stalk, dust, etc. Natureplast-Biopolynov possesses all required equipment to develop these new materials, thanks to a double platform. For by-products treatment the respective drying, grinding and sieving machinery is available. An R&D centre with compounding equipment, injection moulding and extrusion machinery (sheets calendering or thin films) is available for the valorisation in the field of plastics. For the characterization of final products Natureplast has a well equipped laboratory In 2017, as a first in Europe Natureplast is developing the same double platform at industrial scale. Facilities for the treatment of the by-products and a compounding facility to produce new materials at an industrial scale will be installed. K’2016 visitors can learn more about all this at Natureplast’s booth. www.natureplast.eu | www.biopolynov.com

5D04-04

DSM Vertellus Health and environmental concerns have led to stricter regulation of phthalate-based plasticizers, focusing increased attention on bio-based plasticizers from Vertellus Specialties (headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA). Derived from bio-based citric acid, non-toxic Citroflex® plasticizers are manufactured for substituting phthalates and have proven their safety in food contact and medical applications and children’s toys. These rapidly biodegradable plasticizers are designed for bio-polymers including PLA and PHA, and specialty PVC resins. Another nonphthalate plasticizer option is Vertellus Flexricin® ricinoleates technology, based on castor oil. The plasticizing benefits of Flexricin products include excellent softening, lubrication and flexibility, low-temperature plasticizing performance and good electrical properties. Both these additive families provide proven bio-based alternatives to potentially harmful phthalate plasticizers, helping compounders and manufacturers stay ahead of environmental and health trends. www.vertellus.com

5C08-2

bioplastics MAGAZINE [05/16] Vol. 11

DSM (Heerlen, the Netherlands) will be exhibiting at K’2016 under the theme “Meet the Extreme,” with a strong focus on automotive applications. Bioplastics being an important part of the DSM portfolio, various solutions making use of these more sustainable materials will be showcased on the stand. These include a water faucet mixing valve in a glass-reinforced compound of DSM’s EcoPaXX® PA410, which reduces the risk of part failure and leakage in long-term use while in contact with hot and cold water. This application will be in spotlight during a presentation at the Bioplastics Business Breakfast Saturday 22nd October. Other EcoPaXX® applications being highlighted include components for automotive cooling systems and an innovative mountaineering shoe from sports specialist Salomon. DSM is helping the electronics industry with its continuing quest to pack more power into smaller spaces. On the stand will be several examples of solutions DSM has provided for producers of smartphones, tablets, and wearables, as well as for the “connected car.” Many of these products benefit from the outstanding properties of DSM’s growing ForTii® family of materials based on PA4T, which is now also available in a version partly derived from renewable resources. www.dsm.com

6B11

K‘2016 Preview GSI EUROPE

NUREL

GSI Creos (headquarter in Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan) works in collaboration with leading manufacturers in Japan to develop and bring to market a range of specialty products, including innovative raw materials for plastic and rubber applications, tailor-made to meet the demands of the market.

NUREL (Zaragoza, Spain), has developed a new range of renewable and compostable bio-based biopolymers: INZEA

CARBODILITE HMV-15CA is an anti-hydrolysis agent made by Nisshinbo Chemical Inc. used to improve the quality of a variety of plastics, from PLA, PBS and PHA to PET and PBT. It reduces pyrolysis gas emissions and irritating smells during the melt moulding processes of these polymers and improves yellowing resistance and weatherability. LAK-301 is a nucleating agent for PLA by Takemoto Oil&Fat. It provides good crystallinity and high heat stability in PLA mould parts. It allows the crystallization to begin at higher temperature, which reduces cycle times during the moulding process. On top of these improvements of the final product, the safety of LAK-301 made a Toy Safety certification possible, opening up to a wider range of possible applications. Along with LAK-301, Takemoto also offers anti-fog masterbatches and other additives for PE and PP-based applications. www.gsi.co.jp

7.2B06

Inzea can be processed on conventional injection molding, injection blow molding, extrusion, blown film extrusion or thermoforming equipment, delivering optimal mechanical properties. The material is obtained from renewable sources. Using Nurel technology, raw materials based on starch and PLA and other intermediates are converted into the biopolymers. The biobased content (40 to 55%) complies with the ASTM D6866 Standard. Among Nurel’s product line customers find products that accomplish with the French regulations related to disposable bags. All Inzea products are biodegradable and compostable in accordance to EN13432 and the company is now working on developing new film grades suitable for home compostability, biodegradability in soil, fresh water and marine einvironments as well as for anaerobic digestion. At K’2016 Nurel will also introduce the Inzea F08 grade for paper coating applications. Nurel’s injection biopolymers show similar fluidity and crystallization cycles like conventional polymers. At K the Spanish company will also present it’s second generation of HT biopolymer HT grades for thermoforming and foaming applications. www.nurel.com

TOM, we need a boost ...

no problem, we’ll take care of it!

www.inzea-biopolymers.com

7aD21

that's careformance!

See more at

K 2016 Hall 9 / Stand C05

CHOOSE THE NUMBER ONE.

1601074ERE_bioplastics Magazine.indd 1

17:0211 bioplastics MAGAZINE24.08.16 [05/16] Vol.

K‘2016 Preview Novamont

BIO-FED

Novamont presents MATER-BIOTECH created by Novamont for the build-up of the first dedicated industrial plant at world level that can produce butanediol (1.4 BDO) directly from sugars. The plant has been designed to reuse by-products for energy purposes to power the plant optimizing the product life-cycle. The plant is a starting point for further upstream and downstream integrations in the site and is part of the Novamont biorefinery for bioplastics and chemicals based now on 6 connected sites and 4 new technologies. 1.4 BDO, up to now obtained from fossil sources, thanks to this innovation is now becoming a renewable building block for the production of Novamont bioplastics. More specifically, it allows for the production of the fourth generation of MATER-BI, maximizing its renewable content and minimizing greenhouse gas emissions. The plant, whose industrial production is starting-up, has a 30,000 tonnes per year capacity.

After a successful trade fair debut at the Fakuma last year, BIO-FED is also appearing at the K-fair in Düsseldorf for the first time. BIO-FED is a branch of AKRO-PLASTIC GmbH belonging to the internationally active Feddersen Group, headquartered in Hamburg, Germany. BIO-FED manufactures and markets biodegradable and/or biobased plastics branded M∙VERA®. At the joint stand of the Feddersen Group BIO-FED presents its product range to the international audience.

www.novamont.com

6A58

SK Chemicals SK Chemicals, the leading specialty chemicals and plastics manufacturer from South Korea, will be presenting its portfolio of high performance, eco-friendly thermoplastics products including the following: ECOZEN heat-resistant and transparent biocopolyester ®

SKYGREEN® BPA free high-performance PETG

Mvera film grades are versatile compostable film compounds and are designed for the film market where composting is an end-of-life option. These products are perfect for the manufacture of shopping bags, garbage bags, vegetables bags, agricultural films and others. The Mvera injection moulding materials are semicrystalline, biodegradable polymer compounds, with excellent processing performance on conventional injection moulding machines. They can be used as biodegradable alternatives for PP, PE, PS or ABS components. These grades are ideal for injection moulding applications that benefit from biodegradability as a performance factor, such as food or cosmetics packaging, coffee capsules, plant clips, cutlery, closures or toys etc.. All Mvera grades are EN 13432 certified. BIO-FED also provides AF-Eco® Masterbatches which are biodegradable color and carbon black masterbatches certified in accordance with EN 13432. www.bio-fed.com

06B42

SKYPURA high performance copolyester PCT ®

SKYPEL® thermoplastic polyester elastomer ECOTRAN® the world’s first Chlorine-free PPS SKYPLETE specialty compounds and powders for 3D printing One of the highlights on display will be Skyplete, the human and environmental friendly thermoplastic solutions specially designed for 3D printing applications. Skyplete delivers excellent printing performance and differentiated properties in the final printed objects while the materials do not contain hazardous components such as styrene or BPA. Particularly, the E-series of Skyplete feature bio-based compounds and powders for 3D printing applications. The various grades of Skyplete would be ideal option to satisfy the growing quality requirement as well as easy to use for the wide range of applications including prototypes, healthcare, education, and engineering parts. www.skchemicals.com

8bE70

API API (Mussolente,Italy) will present the latest developments to its bioplastic compounds portfolio. Following the great success achieved in 2015 with the launch of the biodegradable & compostable singleserve coffee capsule made using APINAT BIO, further developments have been made to increase thermal resistance as well as oxygen barrier properties. The new grades are FDA and Food Approved under EN 10:2011 and have passed strict Migration tests. The certificate for compostability under UN 13432 has been awarded for thicknesses up to 1.60mm. APILON 52 BIO is another new product, a bioplastic TPU based on renewable raw materials with a biobased content of up to 76% and broad hardness range which is transparent, translucent and has a soft-touch haptic surface. It also has good abrasion resistance, is easy to colour and comes with the same quality and processability as traditional oil-based TPUs. Patents are pending for each of these new products. www.apinatbio.com | www.cordiolisrl.it/europlast/azienda

6A42

bioplastics MAGAZINE [05/16] Vol. 11

K‘2016 Preview Center for Bioplastics and Biocomposites (CB2) The Center for Bioplastics and Biocomposites (CB2) (Ames, Iowa, USA) is bringing together university researchers and industry members to push the boundaries of renewable resources and establish new revenue-creating processes and products. The center focuses on developing high-value biobased products from agricultural feedstocks as well as woody materials. The center has 26 member companies and has already commercialized products with several of these companies. The technology developed by the center includes: Biobased plastics, including 1-to-1 drop-ins for traditional petrochemical plastics as well as biodegradable plastics Biobased composites Processing of bioplastics and biocomposites Economic and social impacts of bio-based materials (life cycle analyses)

Some of the benefits of joining CB2: Influencing the center’s focus and selecting research areas Directing the center’s research projects and mentoring ongoing projects Leveraging research funds with federal funding Access to technical data developed by the center before anyone else Industry networking opportunities Access to world-class facilities and researchers Recruiting scientists and students trained in the field of bioplastics and biocomposites www.cb2.iastate.edu

Braskem Braskem provides I’m green™ Polyethylene which is a plastic made from a renewable raw material: ethanol from Brazilian sugarcane. The I’m green Polyethylene exhibits the same characteristics as the petrochemical polyethylene, in application, performance, and especially recycling. Being a renewable feedstock, sugarcane captures and fixes CO2 from the atmosphere every growth cycle, which occurs annually. This means that the production of I’m Polyethylene contributes green to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions when compared to conventional polyethylene, made from fossil materials. As a result the carbon footprint of I’m green Polyethylene is negative, when considering a cradle to gate analysis. www.braskem.com

6D27

5C07-1

Current brands on stock > rodenburg > fkur > synbra > Corbion > colorfabb > enmat (PHBV)

Find The Right Bioplastic. FAIR - INDEPENDENT - FAST 1. Filter bioPlastics - based on process - based on composite formulation - biobased content - biodegradability

2. Compare bioPlastics

Instant access to material documentation and material visualisation.

4. Checkout & Delivery

Easy checkout and various delivery and payment options.

3. Choose bioPlastic & Quantity

Starting with quantities as low as 20kg up to 100kg. bioplastics MAGAZINE [05/16] Vol. 11

Market study on

The consumption of biodegradable and compostable plastic products in Europe 2015 and 2020 A comprehensive market research report including consumption figures by polymer and application types

FIRST MARKET STUDY ON CONSUMPTION OF COMPOSTABLE PLASTIC PRODUCTS PREDICTS DEMAND GROWTH nova-Institute publishes the first comprehensive market study on the consumption of biodegradable and compostable plastic products in Europe 2015 and 2020: 100,000 tonnes in 2015, market demand could grow to beyond 300,000 tonnes in 2020. Compostable plastic bags dominate the market for biodegradable plastics in Europe. They not only carry goods and biowaste but also the hopes of the bioplastics industry for huge markets in years to come. The legal framework and composting infrastructure of EU member states were found to be either the bottleneck or the key driver for market development. These are some of the main findings by the expert team at nova-Institute who researched the European market demand for biodegradable polymers by country as well as application, and analysed framework conditions in detail. The market of compostable and biodegradable plastic products grew to 100,000 tonnes in 2015, and could grow to beyond 300,000 tonnes in 2020 – if the legal framework were to be set more favourably.

The full report contains more than 300 slides of: ■ Market and company data by

geography, application and polymer.

Consumption of Biodegradable Plastic Products by Application in the European Union, 100,000 tonnes in 2015 in per cent

products.

analysis.

Scope of the report ■ Compostable or biodegradable polymer

types: PLA, (Co-)Polyesters (PBAT, PBS(X), PLA-Copolyester Compounds, Starch-Copolyester Compounds, Others: PHA, compostable Cellophane films. ■ Applications: Biowaste bags, shopping bags, flexible packaging, rigid packaging, disposable tableware, coated paper/ board, agri-/horti-/aquaculture/Forestry equipment, consumer goods, fibre-based products, technical equipment. ■ Geographical coverage: Austria (AT)/ Germany(DE)/Switzerland (CH), Belgium (BE)/the Netherlands (NL), France (FR), Italy (IT), Sweden/Norway/Denmark/ Finland (N-EU), Spain (ES), United Kingdom/Ireland (UK-IE).

bioplastics MAGAZINE [05/16] Vol. 11

Packaging Consumer Goods Other Uses

68% ©

– Institut.eu | 2016

Structure of the full report 1 2 3 4 a. b. c. 5

organic waste management. ■ EU & Member States policy review and

Bags (all types)

21%

■ Case studies on popular and promising ■ A special feature on biodegradability and

a. b. c. 6 a. b. 7 8

Introduction Summary & key findings Production capacity data – Overview Market data 2015 By polymer type (incl. company data) By geography: EU and national markets By application Political landscape: Policies and legislation EU level Member States Special trend report: Bagislation Market scenarios 2020 Market trends Case studies Special feature: Standards – Labels – Claims Conclusions & Recommendations

A summary is available for free download: www.bio-based.eu/markets The full study is available for 3,500 € at www.bio-based.eu/biodegradable_market_ study The market study has more than 300 PowerPoint® slides of well-structured market and company data, case studies and a feature on biodegradation and composting.

Authors Harald Kaeb (narocon, lead) Florence Aeschelmann, Lara Dammer and Michael Carus (nova-Institute)

Contact Dipl.-Ing. Florence Aeschelmann +49 (0) 22 33 / 48 14-48 florence.aeschelmann@nova-institut.de

Order the full report The full report can be ordered for 3,500 € plus VAT and the short version of the report can be downloaded for free at: www.bio-based.eu/markets

bioplastics MAGAZINE [05/16] Vol. 11

3D Printing

PLA homopolymers for 3D printing

By: Martin Doornheim Application Development Corbion Gorinchem, The Netherlands

3D printing materials

Poly Lactic Acid

ost thermoplastics are suitable for use in the FDM process, each with their own advantages and disadvantages. The two most commonly used polymers for FDM processing today are PLA and ABS. 1

Generally, ABS is preferred when strength, flexibility and higher temperature resistance is required in the final part. The smell when printing, however, together with the requirement of a heated bed, are considered to be the main disadvantages of ABS for FDM. With regard to PLA, the excellent aesthetics, colorability, seemingly sweet smell while printing, minimal warpage and biobased origin makes it the most popular choice for hobbyist 3D printers. A disadvantage of PLA can be its glass transition temperature of around 55 °C. Above the glass transition temperature, a polymer softens and loses its rigidity which can cause problems for those end-applications intended for higher temperature circumstances.

A wide range of PLA polymers can be obtained by tuning its optical purity and molecular weight. At the heart of this technology, you find combinations of stereochemically pure PLLA and PDLA homopolymers, a type of PLA that is available from Corbion. These PLA homopolymers – and their associated compounds – boast improved properties and therefore open up new markets for bioplastic products, including consumer electronics, high heat packaging, automotive interiors, apparel and many more. They also bring new and improved properties to 3D printing when compared to standard 3D printing filaments currently on offer today.

Nucleated Poly Lactic Acid compounds The performance of PLA can be tuned by the use of additives, like impact modifiers, fillers, plasticizers and nucleating agents. To close the properties gap between ABS and PLA, an impact modified compound (named Compound C) has been developed by Corbion based on PDLA nucleating technology. The use of an optically pure PLLA in combination with PDLA nucleating technology enhances the crystallization speed, whereby the crystallized end-product can withstand higher temperatures. Figure 2 shows the effectiveness of adding 5 % PDLA homopolymer to a PLLA homopolymer matrix. Crystallization was performed at 140 °C and monitored using a polarizing microscope with hot stage. The added impact modifier enables the PLA to improve its strength and flexibility. When crystallized, Compound C has similar haptics, aesthetics, heat resistance and mechanical properties to ABS. Figure 3 shows a 3D printed part based on Compound C.

Figure 2: The effect of PDLA on crystallization behavior 1

See separate box. FDM is still a registered trademark of Stratasys

Fig. 1: PLA 3D printed part

bioplastics MAGAZINE [05/16] Vol. 11

Fig. 3: PLA 3D printed part based on Compound C

3D Printing PLA homopolymers for 3D printing: a study

Results

A recent study by Corbion revealed that using a stereochemically pure PLLA showed advantages for 3D printed parts over standard PLA. In this study, the printing performance of ABS and standard PLA are compared with PLLA homopolymer and Compound C.

The printing results are listed in Table 2. It was concluded that the two PLA homopolymer resins showed similar printing and retraction performance. The L175 resin (stereochemically pure PLLA homopolymer) showed exceptionally good clarity, meaning a lack of a yellow appearance. LX175 is a copolymer, Processing window test typically used for 3D printing.

Filaments were extruded and several models were printed. The models were carefully selected in order to best evaluate a number of different printing aspects:

Bed conditions:

Surprising visual aesthetics 150 mm/s

Blue painters tape on bed, heated to 90°C

140 mm/s

Unique visual characteristics have been discovered when 130 mm/s printing with PLA L175,120 described as ‘glittering’ and ‘sparkly’ mm/s effects, as well as improved resolution. 110 mm/s

Printing speed Retraction behavior

100 mm/s Compound C showed the broadest printing window, as 90 mm/s shown in Table 3. The horizontal axis describes the printer 80 mm/s head temperature and the vertical axis describes the printing 70 mm/s speed. 60 mm/s

Aesthetics (overhang, string formation, color) The models were printed using an Ultimaker 2 with a 0.4 mm nozzle, under the conditions listed in Table 1. Once printed, the final parts were placed in an oven at 80 °C for one hour to identify their heat resistance performance.

mm/s The retraction test 50revealed that the PLLA compound 40 mm/s to ABS. achieved similar performance 30 mm/s 20 mm/s 10 mm/s Temperature (°C):

150

160

170

180

190

200

210

Table 3: Printing window for PLLA Compound C Processing window test Bed conditions:

Legend: Blue painters tape on bed, heated to 90°C

Underextrusion

150 mm/s

Good printing result

140 mm/s

Thermal degradation

130 mm/s 120 mm/s

Irrelevant

110 mm/s 100 mm/s 90 mm/s 80 mm/s 70 mm/s 60 mm/s 50 mm/s 40 mm/s 30 mm/s 20 mm/s 10 mm/s Temperature (°C):

150

160

170

180

190

200

210

220

230

240

250

260

Legend:

Table 1: printing conditions Underextrusion Good printing result Thermal degradation Irrelevant

Printing head temperature

PLA resins

ABS

Compound C

210

240

210

(°C)

Printing bed temperature

(°C)

Tape used

yes/no

yes

Table 2: Printing results (0: Similar to, -: worse than, +: better than the PLA benchmark) Test

Standard PLA

Corbion L175

Corbion LX175

Speed / temperature

0/+

Retraction

0/+

overhang

-/0

stringing

0/-

Aesthetic color

bioplastics MAGAZINE [05/16] Vol. 11

3D Printing Improved heat resistance Printing with filaments based on PLA L175 resin resulted in end-applications with a higher heat resistance than those printed with standard PLA filaments. Fig. 4 demonstrates the performance of the PLA types when a 3D printed cat is exposed to a temperature of 80 °C for one hour. It is believed that the use of enantiomerically pure PLA (PDLA or PLLA content >99 %) in general, preferably enriched with a nucleating agent, results in an increased heat stability of 3D printed shaped articles. Depending on the design of the shaped articles, the need to print in a heated chamber, or the inclusion of a post annealing step, can be avoided under these conditions.

Standard PLA filament

High heat PLA filament based on PLA L175

Standard PLA filament

High heat PLA filament based on PLA L175

Conclusions The study showed that printing with Corbion L175 enantiomerically pure PLLA resin resulted in a printing performance comparable with standard PLA (speed and resolution). In addition, PLA L175 displayed better aesthetics and an improved resistance to elevated temperatures in the final printed part when compared with standard PLA, without the need for a post annealing step or the use of a heated chamber. 3D printed parts based on Compound C showed similar properties and aesthetics to ABS, without the need for post annealing or the use of a heated chamber. www.corbion.com/bioplastics

5B22

Figure 4: comparative results of 3D printed cats after heat treatment. PLA L175 displayed an improved resistance to elevated temperatures in the final printed part (better retention of its structural integrity) when compared with standard PLA. (tests conducted by Corbion).

3D printing 3D printing, or additive manufacturing, is a generic term for various technologies designed to achieve solid three dimensional models. The model is designed in 3D modeling software and the file uploaded to the printer, which then builds up the model layer-by-layer. There are several different printing technologies, which differ in the way the layers are built. The most common, and the focus of this article, is Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) whereby the model is built by means of an extrusion process. A heated nozzle melts a plastic filament and builds up the model by depositing thin layers of the molten plastic in horizontal and vertical direction. Once a layer is finished, the nozzle moves upwards and the next layer is printed.

icastics t e n g Ma for Pl er.com lastick www.p

• International Trade in Raw Materials, Machinery & Products Free of Charge. • Daily News from the Industrial Sector and the Plastics Markets. • Current Market Prices for Plastics. • Buyer’s Guide for Plastics & Additives, Machinery & Equipment, Subcontractors and Services. • Job Market for Specialists and Executive Staff in the Plastics Industry.

bioplastics MAGAZINE [05/16] Vol. 11

st ate • Fa Up-to-d

ssional • Profe

Polyurethanes & Elastomers

Bioplastic for bio tube tie

n response to growing market and consumer demand for sustainable products API Spa (Mussolente, Italy) has adopted a new strategy called Bio & Beyond which is focused on the development of new families of biodegradable materials and a wide range of biobased biomaterials. The APINAT family includes both rigid and soft biodegradable compounds derived from synthetic sources which present mechanical and thermal characteristics as well as processability which is comparable to traditional polymers while providing sustainable and environmentally friendly solutions. Since the development of the first soft biodegradable compound Apinat in 2007, API has perfected the formulation of the compounds to enable transformation through extrusion. The extrusion process requires the material to have specific rheological properties as well as good thermal stability. Apinat DP 1888 grades have been specifically developed to be transformed into soft tubes and profiles through extrusion while Apinat DP 1888 compounds are fully Biodegradable according to European Standard EN13432. The grades, available from 60 to 90 Shore A hardness, are also food approved in compliance with European Union Regulation (EU) No 10/2011.

By: Aldo Zanetti API S.p.A.

As a result of a collaboration between API Spa and Cordioli Srl (Valeggio sul Mincio, Italy), a leading company in the agriculture and garden sector, a new biodegradable tube tie for use in agricultural has been developed. This biodegradable tube tie, called BIOFILO®, has been produced based on the experience of Cordioli Srl in tube extrusion and API’s APINAT DP 1888 new compounds. Today, in Europe alone, the estimated annual consumption of tube ties in vineyards and fruit gardens is as much as 5,000 tonnes. Nearly all tie tubes are made from conventional PVC. After a certain time, the tube ties fall to the ground and, if not recovered, contaminate the soil with plastic. Biofilo has the same use and mechanical characteristics as traditional PVC tube tie but it has a unique advantage: it will biodegrade when in contact with the grass. Biofilo is biodegradable in an aerobic environment in accordance with EN 14995 and ASTM D6400 standards. Biofilo is also easy to colour and provides a good, strong tie for up to two years, exceeding the length of time these ties are expected to last. The increasing adoption of bioplastics by today’s ecoconscious farmers and consumers will help save fossil resources, reduce the carbon footprint and decrease greenhouse gas emissions. www.apinatbio.com

6A42

www.cordiolisrl.it

Mussolente, Italy

bioplastics MAGAZINE [05/16] Vol. 11

Polyurethanes & Elastomers

New biobased compounds Biobased TPE and PP compounds fulfill the demands of the market

he product characteristics of the newly developed biobased TPE and PP compounds correspond largely or entirely to those of their petrochemical counterparts, hence, they can substitute them in existing markets and open up new perspectives. With Terraprene®, FKuR has brought new TPE-S grades based on a high content of bio sourced raw materials to market maturity. In addition, the recently released Terralene® PP compounds made by FKuR are partially biobased and currently include an injection moulding and an extrusion grade. The variety of biodegradable and biobased plastics offered in the market has increased significantly in recent years. They are now established in many market segments, are perceived well by consumers and the demand is rising. Some European countries favor solutions with bioplastics so highly that they even require using them by law. Large Brand-Owners have developed strategies for sustainable products and place sustainability increasingly in their focus. Basically, biodegradable plastics do not necessarily need to be made from renewable resources. In contrast, biobased plastics, whose carbon chains are generated from renewable sources, usually are non-biodegradable. Mostly, the biobased plastics offer the same or similar material properties as their counterparts based on fossil materials. In addition, biobased plastics often exhibit properties that biodegradable plastics can only offer conditionally, for example, a high barrier to moisture. Pure biobased plastics, e. g. Green PE (sugar cane based polyethylene from Braskem), have established themselves in certain market segments and are replacing petrochemical plastics there. On the other hand, some biodegradable products are currently on their way to commodity products, e. g. in the form of waste bags, where price pushes quality and unique features into the background. This development stands in contrast to the high development effort these products require. The versatile commodity plastic polypropylenes (PP) as well as the large group of thermoplastic elastomers (TPE)

Figure 3. Comparison of tensile stiffness and Vicat A values of Terralene PP Compounds and typical conventional PP grades.

belong to the group of plastics, where biobased types are limited or previously not even represented.

Fully or partially biobased TPE The TPE product group comprises the SBS / SEBSbased types (TPE-S), the crosslinked types (TPE-V) and the thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU), all with their own unique strengths and advantages. Thus, TPE-S grades offer a favorable energy balance; they allow low weight components and injection moulding or extrusion processing with short cycle times. In both cases, they are suitable for the two-component technology, e. g. for processing with PP or polyamide (PA). Through its dynamic cross-linking of the polymer phases, TPE-V provides a higher chemical resistance and lower compression sets. Terraprene is a new biobased TPE-S product line from FKuR with a renewable content of between 40 % and 90 %. Producers using Terraprene can tailor the hardness for the specific application depending on the proportion, between Shore A20 and Shore D40 (Fig. 1). The performance characteristics and resistance properties of Terraprene compounds are similar to those of conventional petrochemical-based TPEs. The goal of current ongoing developments is to increase the renewable raw material portion in the lower Shore A hardness. All Terraprene types can be coloured individually. The density can also be adjusted according to customers’ specifications. For the manufacture of products with unique and noticeable design features (Fig. 2), fillings with wood fibres or other natural fibres are possible. Woody surfaces with a soft touch can be realized this way, thus the visualization of soft and natural surfaces is provided.

Partially biobased PP compounds PP, one of the most widely used plastics worldwide, is almost universally applicable, equally suitable for injection moulding, thermoforming and extrusion and unproblematic for recycling. While PP homo-polymers are more stiff and transparent, PP copolymers have good low temperature

1600

Tensile Modulus [MPa] Vicat A [° C]

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

bioplastics MAGAZINE [05/16] Vol. 11

PP Homo

PP Copo (Inject. Mold.)

PP Copo (Extr.)

PP Random

Terrelene PP 2509

Terrelane V 260

Polyurethanes & Elastomers properties due to their ethylene content, and PP random copolymers combine high strength with high transparency. Biobased PP grades have an opportunity in the market, if they also bring along these properties. FKuR continues to develop such modified PP compounds for injection moulding and extrusion, with performance and processing characteristics similar to those of the established fossil based PP grades, so that converters can continue to use their existing tools. One of the first products available on the market is the partially biobased Terralene PP 2509. With an MFI of 50 g/10 min (measured at 230/2,16) it is also suitable for producing complex or thin-walled parts with long flow paths. In addition, this grade offers a good impact value, comparable to the value of conventional PP. The partially biobased PP compound Terralene PP V 260 for extrusion applications is still in development (V = experimental type). It combines a low MFI of 7 g/10 min (measured at 230/2,16) with the PP performance characteristics. In Figures 3 and 4, the properties of the new Terralene PP compounds are compared with those of conventional PP grades. As these comparisons show, the modification in both types has little influence on the hardness. Regarding the stiffness, Terralene PP 2509 reached slightly lower values than the pure PP materials, at the same time however, this grade is characterized by its high impact strength. Furthermore, a comparison of the flow properties emphasizes its good

Figure 1. Influence of the proportion of renewable raw material on the hardness of Terraprene.

suitability for injection moulding. As to the development type Terralene PP V 260, the MFI is currently still a bit too high for a pure extrusion grade. While the typical PP rigidity has already been achieved, the current subject of development is to bring the MFI down.

Increased biobased content as a target Since the basic development of the biobased Terraprene TPE-S is already well advanced at FKuR, in this group of materials addressing customer-specific requirements is in the limelight. The Terralene PP grades with biobased contents of 30% to 35% already offer many opportunities to replace conventional PP grades, without compromising the classical PP characteristics. Here, the current priority is the preservation of the PP typical properties, while further increasing the proportion of biobased raw materials. In order to produce integrated biobased plastic products, an overall focus is the combined processing of partially biobased TPE and PP compounds in co-extrusion or 2K injection moulding process. www.fkur.com |

www.fkur-polymers.com

6E48 By: Patrick Zimmermann Christian Dohmen FKuR Kunststoff Willich, Germany

Figure 2. Terraprene TPE-S grades filled with wood offer a specific look and special surface structure.

100 90

biobased mass percentage

80 70

% biobasierter Masseanteil

60 50 40 30 20 10 0

80 20

Shore A 30

Shore D

Tensile Strengh [MPa] MFI [g/10min at 230/2,16] Charpy (notched) [kJ/m²]

40 35 30

Figure 4. Comparison of tensile strength, MFI values and Charpy notched impact strength of Terralene PP compounds and typical conventional PP grades.

25 20 15 10 5 0

PP Homo

PP Copo (Inject. Mold.)

PP Copo (Extr.)

PP Random

Terrelene PP 2509

Terrelane V 260

bioplastics MAGAZINE [05/16] Vol. 11

Polyurethanes & Elastomers

Biobased polyols and polymer additives Innovative, high-performance specialty chemicals to meet the increased demand for more natural-based products

mery Oleochemicals Group (headquartered in Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia) is a world leading producer of innovative specialty chemicals made predominantly from natural oils. Founded in 1840 in Ohio, USA as a candle factory, the company today offers an expanding base of leading product brands and sustainable solutions to meet the increasing demand for more natural-based products. Emery runs manufacturing operations and Technical Development Centers in the USA, Europe and Asia.

Polyols for Polyurethanes - Engineered for Performance & Sustainability The Eco-Friendly EMEROX® Polyols business unit at Emery Oleochemicals recently launched four new biobased products for the C.A.S.E. market which are all compliant with REACH standards: EMEROX 14060 (aliphatic 2,900 MW EG azelate triol), EMEROX 14511 (aliphatic 1,000 MW EG azelate diol), EMEROX 14550 (aliphatic 2,000 MW EG azelate diol) and EMEROX 14555 (aliphatic 2,000 MW EG azelate diol with enhanced hydrophobicity). These products are designed to provide performance in a broad range of applications, often with improved tensile and tear strength, higher elongation, along with oxidative, UV, and solvent resistance. While rapidly renewable and biobased products continue to be important to consumers, natural-based products must still maintain or exceed established product performance to satisfy end-use demand. Emerox renewable content polyols for polyurethanes deliver exceptional performance enhancements rivalling or exceeding the performance obtained from petroleumbased products.

Dr. Mark Kinkelaar, Global Business Director, EcoFriendly Polyols said, “We work directly with our customers to develop the right product for their specific application; optimizing performance and improving environmental properties while reducing time-tomarket. Backed by a strong team of in-house technical experts, the Eco-Friendly Polyols business is wellpositioned to serve the industry’s needs for performance and sustainability.” Emerox polyols are made with biobased feedstock using a similar manufacturing process to traditional petrochemical polyester polyols, but with a smaller ecological impact. Emerox biobased polyols are made from natural oil resources as outlined in Figure 1. Emery Oleochemicals’ process starts by splitting natural oils into fatty acids and glycerin. The fatty acids are separated into saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and purified. From there, the unsaturated fatty acids are processed via Emery Oleochemicals’ proprietary ozonolysis technology which utilizes ozone chemistry to cleave the unsaturated carbon acid chains (C18) into C9 dibasic (e.g. azelaic) and C9 monobasic (e.g. pelargonic) acids, respectively. The dibasic acids are separated/purified and converted to polyols via reaction chemistry identical to petrochemical polyols; by reaction with diols, glycerin, and/or higher functional alcohols via esterification. Overall, this oleochemical process provides all the design freedom of building polyol structures similar to a petrochemical process with the added benefit of high biobased content. Emerox polyols can be better optimized than NOPs for coatings, adhesives, and elastomer applications by engineering functionality, hydroxyl reactivity (primary and/or secondary), and polymer hydrophobicity. Other Emerox polyester polyols used in C.A.S.E. applications include: Emerox 14001 (aliphatic low viscosity, low functionality) and Emerox 14050 (aliphatic 2,000 MW EG azelate, with functionality 2.4).

Figure 1: Process flow chart of Emerox polyols indicating Emery Oleochemicals’ back integration and unique process technology.

bioplastics MAGAZINE [05/16] Vol. 11

Polyurethanes & Elastomers

The First Choice in Sustainable Polymer Additives Offers a Greener Alternative Emery Oleochemicals’ Green Polymer Additives (GPA) business unit has been delivering high-performance sustainable solutions in plastics additives for over 60 years. The company’s polymer additives product portfolio is recognized for its ability to improve processing efficiencies, deliver outstanding technical performance, and enhance environmental safety. Designed to improve the properties as well as the manufacturing process of various resins, Emery Oleochemicals’ polymer additives are predominantly made from natural oils and fats, such as rapeseed, palm and coconut oil. This makes their products a perfect complement to bioplastics, which are also made from natural feedstock. “We know that the demand for bioplastics is constantly growing due to increasing environmental awareness. Therefore, we are committed to setting trends by developing solutions suitable for this market,” emphasizes Dr. Harald Klein, Global Platform Head of the Green Polymer Additives business at Emery Oleochemicals. Additionally, Emery Oleochemicals maintains the highest quality standards, which include strict waste limits and control of emission limits during the entire production chain. Subsequently, the entire production process is geared to be sustainable and environmentally friendly which contributes to reducing the carbon footprint in the plastics and rubber industry. Emery Oleochemicals polymer additives are readily biodegradable and compliant with RoHS and REACH standards. As natural alternatives continue to replace synthetic products, the company’s GPA business constantly develops and improves its product solutions by making significant product and application technology development investments to set new trends and exceed the performance expectations of their customers.

Emery Oleochemicals offers natural-based polymer additives with food contact approval for safer, more consumer-friendly packaging.

Quality meets Quality at the new Peeze biobased coffee packaging

The GPA portfolio of leading brands EDENOL®, LOXIOL® and EMEROX® encompasses natural-based products for automotive, building and construction, electronics, packaging, toys, and sports equipment applications. A broad portfolio of standard products includes plasticizers, lubricants, surface finish agents and viscosity regulators. The company also provides customized polymer solutions to meet specific customer requirements. In addition, polymeric building blocks offered under the Emerox brand are an ideal base for the preparation and modification of high molecular weight polymers in many industries. www.emeryoleo.com

8bA58 Bio4Pack GmbH • PO Box 5007 • D-48419 Rheine • Germany T +49 (0) 5975 955 94 57 • F +49 (0) 5975 955 94 58 51 MAGAZINE [05/16] Vol. 11 info@bio4pack.combioplastics • www.bio4pack.com

Polyurethanes & Elastomers

From cork to polyurethane C18 Polyols: A new class of renewable, high-performance polyester building blocks for polyurethanes

ifunctional polyester polyols represent a fundamental set of macromonomer building blocks used in polyu-rethane coatings, adhesives, sealants and elastomer (CASE) applications. Despite their versatility, most polyes-ter-based urethanes have a susceptibility to hydrolysis, which remains an “Achilles’ heel” and limits their utility in products designed to withstand exposure to harsh environments. Elevance Renewable Sciences, Inc. intends to challenge this conventional paradigm through the development of a new class of high-performance C18 polyols.

Following the commercialization of Inherent® C18 Diacid via a proprietary natural oil metathesis process, a vi-able route to C18 polyols is now enabled (Fig. 1 top). These novel hydrophobic building blocks aim to offer for-mulators differentiated performance through access to a balance of favorable properties such as moisture and chemical resistance all while maintaining low viscosities for ease in processing and providing high renewable content [1]. One needs only to recognize the unique properties of suberin, the protective natural biopolyester found in cork, to appreciate the performance possibilities offered by polymers designed from long chain α,ω-difunctional fatty acid derivatives such as C18 diacid (Fig. 1 bottom).

Figure 1. (Top) Renewable C18 polyols designed from Elevance C18 building blocks. (Bottom) A simplified model of suberin, the natural biopolyester in cork that contains a significant fraction of long chain α,ω-difunctional fatty acid building blocks such as C18 diacid.

Natural Oil

Biorefinery Metathesis and Processing

C18 Polyester Polyols O

C18

O O

high strength

Polyurethanes:

Coatings, Adhesives, Sealants, Elastomers

BioBased

low viscosity

weather resistant

α,ω-difunctional

Cork

O O

cell wall 52

bioplastics MAGAZINE [05/16] Vol. 11

O O

C18

O O

suberin biopolymer

Polyurethanes & Elastomers www.elevance.com By: Paul A. Bertin Elevance Renewable Sciences Woodridge, Illinois, USA

Typical properties of developmental C18 polyols made from various diols are shown in Table 1. Depending on the choice of comonomer, polyols with a broad range of melting temperatures are accessible from semi-crystalline solids that melt between 60—85 °C to amorphous ambient liquids. To serve a variety of polyurethane CASE applications, the higher melting polyols (C18BD, C18-PDO, C18-PG) are made at average molecular weights of 2000 g/mol and 3000 g/mol while the low melting C18-BEPD and C18-TPG exist at 2000 g/mol. Elevance is actively commercializing these C18 polyols and ready to engage customers and potential partners with these or other samples for evaluation. References: [1] Beuhler, A.; Bertin, P.; Mody. K.; Tindall, D. PU Magazine 2015, 12(4), 308-311.

C18 Polyol

Diol Comonomer*

OH Value (mg KOH/kg)

Melting Range (°C)

Color (APHA)

Bio-Based Carbon (%)

C18-BD

BDO

37, 56

80-85

<200

80-100

C18-PD

PDO

37, 56

75-80

<200

100

C18-PG

37, 56

60-65

<200

C18-BEPD

BEPD

15-20

<200

C18-TPG

TPG

15-20

<200

*BDO = 1,4-butanediol; PDO = 1,3-propanediol; PG = propylene glycol; BEPD = 2-butyl-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol; TPG = tripropylene glycol

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bioplastics MAGAZINE [05/16] Vol. 11

Polyurethanes & Elastomers

Green Thermoplastic Elastomer (TPE) compounds Biobased TPE compounds offer plastic product manufacturers new opportunities for sustainability

lobal TPE compounding group HEXPOL TPE (which brings together the ELASTO and Müller Kunststoffe businesses) recently launched a new family of biobased thermoplastic elastomers to the market. The range, which is called Dryflex Green will be among the developments the group will be presenting at K’2016 in Dusseldorf.

keen to ‘go green’ but are uncertain what this means and what the options are. Our role is to guide the market to a greater understanding of the possibilities and limitations of biobased TPEs. Many of the advantages with biobased plastics are not inherent in the material alone, but are rather a commitment to the shift to a sustainable circular economy.”

Dryflex Green is a family of biobased thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) compounds. A range of options has been developed containing raw materials from renewable resources that have been responsibly grown. Raw materials can be produced from various renewable sources, these include products and by-products from agricultural that are rich in carbohydrates, especially saccharides such as grain, sugar beet, sugar cane, etc. The biobased content could derive from different raw materials such as polymers, fillers, plasticizers or additives. The Dryflex Green family includes compounds with amounts of renewable content up to 90 % (ASTM D 686612) and hardness from 30 Shore A to 50 Shore D.

“We also recognise that using renewable resources brings with it a responsibility to ensure that they are managed in an ethical way, without any impact on other global needs. In this regard, we are working closely with our suppliers to ensure they operate in a responsible manner with good environmental practices that comply with social and environmental demands”. Thomas Köppl, manager central technology and development at Hexpol TPE added, “One of the key challenges we faced was to develop low hardness TPE compounds with high levels of renewable content, since most biobased raw materials in the market are quite hard on their own. A major challenge has been to develop compounds with high renewable content, low hardness while at the same time maintaining mechanical properties at acceptable levels. The Dryflex Green TPE range divert from the other soft thermoplastic materials on the market today by including also soft materials with high level of renewable content and thereby covering a greater segment and opening up more design possibilities”.

Klas Dannäs, Global R&D coordinator for Hexpol TPE commented, “Since we launched the Dryflex Green TPEs to the market we have seen just how diverse the requirements are for biobased products. While some of our customers have already adopted a ‘green’ strategy and are well on the road to developing sustainable products and practices, others are

Percentage of Bio-content vs Hardness 100

% Biobased Content (ASTM D 6866)

Dryflex Green TPE

Biobased TPA

Biobased TPU

Biobased TPC

50 40 30 20 10 0 20

100

Shore A Hardness (ISO 868) 20

Shore D Hardness (ISO 868)

bioplastics MAGAZINE [05/16] Vol. 11

Polyurethanes & Elastomers Since their initial launch, HEXPOL TPE have been working closely with suppliers and customers to trial new and emerging raw material combinations and further test the possibilities of Dryflex Green TPE compounds. As the requirements can vary greatly for each application, there is a need for highly customised formulations. Rather than a standard grade range, they have qualified a number of raw materials which will allow them to work with a modular system to build a compound that is tailored to customer specifications.

Previously one of the main targets for bioplastics was mass produced single-use disposable items such as food packaging and carrier bags which were seen as the largest environmental offenders. Increasingly there is a push to also look at how bioplastics can be used in more durable items that are used longer-term. Dryflex Green TPE compounds have the potential to support this transition as they can be used in many applications that currently use conventional TPE compounds, such as:

The modular system will include options such as:

Soft-touch grips and handles

Percentage and type of renewable content

Sealing and closures for packaging

Hardness

Sports equipment

Adhesion to polymers, such as PE, PP, ABS, SAN, PETand PLA for 2K multi-component applications

Toys and infant care

Colour

Soft-touch areas for packaging Tools and hardware

Filled or unfilled compounds Mechanical behaviour such as flexibility and tensile properties Price level Surface finish and haptics UV and heat stability Dryflex Green TPE compounds display mechanical and physical properties close to and comparable to TPE compounds from fossil based raw materials. The Dryflex Green compounds show very good bonding behaviour to PE and PP but there are also special grades with good bonding to ABS, PET, PLA compounds etc. Like conventional TPE compounds, Dryflex Green TPEs can easily be coloured to give vibrant and appealing visual impact. For applications wanting a look even closer to nature, organic fillers from plants, crops or trees can be used. These help to give an additional ‘organic’ appearance of products to the end-customer.

Klas Dannäs concluded “In a highly competitive marketplace, Dryflex Green TPE compounds offer plastic product manufacturers and designers a differentiator, we see that many companies are adding a ‘green’ line to their existing product portfolio. As demand for bioplastics continues to rise, over the coming years we expect to see a lot of activity as feedstocks, processes and technical capabilities continue to be developed. Hexpol TPE recognises that this is an important time in the development of the bioplastics industry. Our global teams are working with customers and supply partners to further test the possibilities of our Dryflex Green TPE compounds, as we continue to engineer progressive solutions to meet new and emerging market demands”. www.hexpoltpe.com By:

8aH18

Jill Bradford Marketing & PR Manager Hexpol TPE Machester, UK

E EL

PR S ES

N RD

NT TE

N CO OI B

ES SI

CO LO U

bioplastics MAGAZINE [05/16] Vol. 11

Polyurethanes & Elastomers

Bio-TPU A big step forward in the performance of biobased thermoplastic polyurethanes

ecent technological achievements have made the use of renewable raw materials more economically feasible in the plastics industry, including polyurethanes in particular. Now, innovation has been unleashed: new raw materials, adequately formulated, can originate new renewable thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) with improved performance compared to conventional products.

Figure 1: Density comparison between biobased and petroleum-based TPUs 1,24

In 2007, Lubrizol (headquartered in Wickliffe, Ohio, USA), the inventor of TPU, was a pioneer as well in the industrial production of biobased TPU. Since then, Lubrizol has continued to advance innovation to develop a full range of biobased solutions.

Density ( gr/cc3)

1,22 1,2

Regular Petroleum-based TPUs

1,18 1,16 1,14

PearlthaneTM ECO range

1,12 1,1 78

Hardness (ShoreA)

The portfolio of Bio TPU™ by Lubrizol, commercialized as Pearlthane™ ECO 12Txx TPU for elastomers, covers a broad range of hardnesses with a biobased content from 30 to 46 % as certified under ASTM D-6866. The distinct composition of Bio TPU by Lubrizol provides important improvements in properties compared to conventional or petroleum-based TPU, including: Low Density: lower than that of comparable petroleumsourced TPU based on adipates or polycaprolactone copolyester. Bio TPU by Lubrizol is about 10-15% lighter, saving energy and weight. Improved Hydrolysis Resistance: this TPU material is more hydrophobic than petroleum-based TPUs and results in an improved hydrolysis resistance. This provides more phase-separate lity of this Bio TPU range is excellent, with d TPUs, thereby lowering the glass transition which strongly improves flexibility at low temperatures. The more phase-separated TPUs are also more crystalline in general, so the injection mouldability of this Bio-TPU range is excellent, with shorter cycle times compared to conventional TPUs.

Figure 2: Density comparison between new bio aliphatic development and petroleum-based Aliphatic TPU 1,15 1,14

Regular Petroleum-based Aliphatic TPUs

Density (gr/cc3)

1,13 1,12 1,11 1,1

bio-aliphatic TPU range

1,09 1,08 1,07 76

Hardness (ShoreA)

Good Staining Resistance: because of its more crystalline and hydrophobic nature, generally it has less superficial interaction as compared to conventional TPU. Lab tests were performed based on ASTM D-543, attacking the surface of the TPU with different agents known to be challenging to plastic surfaces, including coffee, vinegar, mustard, sunscreen and lip gloss. These tests confirmed the good results of Bio TPU. Adhesion: adhesion to polyamides, especially to PA11 and PA12, is much better than that of conventional petroleum-based TPUs. This is because Bio TPU has a similar composition to polyamides. This improved adhesion has been confirmed in numerous industrial applications, including footwear and automotive interiors. The other characteristic properties of Bio TPU, such as mechanical behaviour, colour, transparency and UV-,

bioplastics MAGAZINE [05/16] Vol. 11

Polyurethanes & Elastomers temperature- and abrasion resistance are of the same high standard as typically found in high quality TPUs. Further research and development in recent years has resulted in the addition of aliphatic innovation in the Bio TPU product portfolio. The new aliphatic Bio TPU shows the same high performance and similar benefits of the aromatic Bio TPU described above, such as low density (see Fig. 2), plus the additional benefits that follow: Excellent weatherability and colour stability, providing final applications that stay as beautiful as on the first day, ideal for use in outdoor and other UV-exposed environments. High transparency with end uses that span from transparent films for paint protection and optical use in automotive, to performance footwear and sports and recreational goods, as well as consumer electronics components such as powder cords, watchbands and mobile device cases.

temperature resistance (higher softening and melting point), better adhesion to polyolefins and a faster crystallization speed which promotes a faster increase of the HMPUR’s cohesive strength. Automotive interior parts, furniture, textile and footwear are the main applications. Bio TPU by Lubrizol is a revolutionary product line of highperforming biobased TPU made with renewable materials, and offering improved hydrolysis and stain resistance, lower density and better adhesion compared to petroleum-based TPU. With a lasting commitment to the responsible use of natural resources and innovations in technologies derived from renewable sources, Lubrizol provides the support needed to ensure better applications outcomes in technically demanding market segments embracing biobased polymers. With decades of experience in polymer and material science, and an efficient global network, today’s material engineers and product designers no longer have to face a trade-off between performance and sustainability.

Excellent haptic features, making them a perfect choice for consumer-facing applications due to their soft, pleasanttouch.

www.lubrizol.com

6A23 By:

Lubrizol complements its Bio TPU offering with Pearlbond™ ECO 590 TPU for adhesives which has a 67 % biobased content according to ASTM D-6866. This product is suitable for hot melt adhesives such as HMPUR (RHM) and provides higher

Daniel Salvatella Strategic Technology Manager Lubrizol Engineered Polymers Montmelo, Barcelona, Spain

Table 1: Main properties of Pearlthane ECO range *Food contact grades may be available upon request. High Performance Biobased TPU

Shore hardness

% Biobased content (according ASTM D-6866)

Pearlthane ECO D12T80*

82 A

Pearlthane ECO D12T85

85 A

Pearlthane ECO D12T90*

91 A

Pearlthane ECO 12T95

95 A

Pearlthane ECO D12T55D

55 D

Table 2: Peel Adhesion (N/cm) at speed of 100 mm/min TPU Polymer

Polymer PA11

Pearlthane ECO 12T95

Standard TPU 95 Shore A

Standard TPU 98 Shore A

bioplastics MAGAZINE [05/16] Vol. 11

Polyurethane News

Biobased PDI-hardener for polyurethane As part of its integrated sustainability approach, Covestro (Leverkusen, Germany) is pursuing the use of bio-based materials, as it supports Covestro’s goals for maximum economic, environmental and societal value.

Covestro has developed a new bio-based hardener for coatings and adhesives for use in automotive OEM and refinish coatings. 70 % of its carbon content is of plant origin.

The company has recently developed an aliphatic hardener for polyurethane coatings and adhesives that achieves the high performance level of conventional, petrochemicalbased crosslinkers such as aliphatic trimers. It is the perfect complement to polyols made from renewable raw materials, which are already being used in some polyurethane coatings applications. The latter can thus now be formulated entirely from bio-based components. A large proportion of the carbon content of Desmodur® eco N 7300 – 70 % – is of plant origin. The hardener is based on pentamethylene diisocyanate (PDI) and commercially available in Europe for use in automotive OEM and refinish coatings, industrial coatings including anti-corrosion and wood paints, as well as adhesives. With the new hardener, coatings and adhesives manufacturers and their customers can improve their carbon footprint, and OEMs and other brand owners can demonstrate their commitment to sustainable development. “The suppliers of our precursor material are already working on the next generation of biomass”, says Dr. Raul Pires, Head of New Technologies at the Coatings, Adhesives, Specialties Business Unit at Covestro. “The starting material will then be cellulose or bio-waste.” MT

6A75 1-3

(Photos: covestro)

Bio-based polyurethane dispersions for textilecoating Covestro has also developed a range of waterborne, bio-based polyurethane dispersions under the Impranil® eco name. With a renewable content up to 65 %, this product class improves the CO2 footprint for manufacturers, OEM´s and brand owners in the textile industry. The products are part of the INSQIN® program for waterborne polyurethanes for textiles. For the first time, manufacturers can produce synthetic materials and coated fabrics with a high content of renewable materials in every layer. Performance matches the high level of conventional products, and the bio-based raw materials can be used immediately without reformulation.

bioplastics MAGAZINE [05/16] Vol. 11

For the supply of the precursor for renewable raw materials for Impranil® eco, the company has partnered with the upstream company BioAmber, a technology leader in bio-chemicals. Both products fulfill an increasing demand of consumers for the supply of sustainable products on an industrial scale. Environmental compatibility is becoming a market requirement, and large suppliers of brand products support this trend. In the case of both products, the bio sources used are not in competition with the food chain. MT A new range of waterborne, bio-based polyurethane dispersions of Covestro has a renewable content of up to 65 %

www.covestro.com

Opinion

Chemistryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s new players and value chains

t the beginning of this century the production of chemical materials started a revolutionary change by moving from hydrocarbons to carbohydrates as raw material. The reason for this is that economical, ecological and technological developments are coming together. This conversion process will take 2-3 decades. Both biocatalytic and chemo-catalytic conversion of carbohydrates and of CO2 is applied for the production of chemicals and polymers. This offers opportunities to form new, economically attractive platform molecules like succinic acid, levulinic acid and furans. Also new polymers like PLA, PHA and PEF are introduced to the market. One also observes significant changes at the beginning of the traditional value chains for materials. The big oil and chemical companies are being challenged by newcomers in this business from the wood, paper, potato and sugar industries with strong raw material positions and expertise in industrial biotechnology. Also companies active in waste management (solid waste, waste water, gas effluents, biogas, CO2, cooking oil) start the creation of so-called after-use value chains, something that was emphasized as very important during the last World Economic Forum in Davos. Many of the traditional companies take few or no initiatives here, or even suggest putting CO2 under the ground, while it has been demonstrated that it can be a very useful raw material, something nature shows us already since thousands of years. These companies know from experience that development and profitably marketing a new polymer costs 20 years and 1 billion on average (development costs plus investments). This makes them reluctant to start revolutionary new things. The new players bring other competencies for the creation of new value chains. They look for opportunities to extend their product portfolio and also to upgrade their carbohydrate containing waste streams where possible. However, they often donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t have the experience required for the existing markets. The formation of many alliances in the new value chains accelerate the progress required and diminish delays. The first part of the value chains will look different a few decades from now. In North-America and many Asian countries governments strongly stimulate this change. Europe should not fall behind for too long. At the least a level playing field needs to be created for renewable chemical materials and renewable energy.

By: Jan Ravenstijn Consultant Biobased Materials Meerssen The Netherlands.

bioplastics MAGAZINE [05/16] Vol. 11

Basics

Co-Polyester

LA is a biobased polyester that enjoys already a significant role in the market. Besides PLA, several other polyesters can be generated from biogenic raw materials. In most cases, these polyesters are manufactured from a diol (bivalent alcohol: HO CnHm OH) and a dicarboxylic acid (HOOC-CnHm-HOOC) or from an ester generated from the diacids.

Bivalent alcohols (BDO, PDO) The diol-components used for such polyesters are usually propanediols (PDO) such as 1,3-propanediol, or butanediols (BDO) such as 2,3-butanediol or 1,4-butanediol (Fig 1). In the past, 2,3-butanediol was generated exclusively petrochemically, even though it has been known for a long time that it can also be generated by fermentation. A wide variety of bacteria excrete butanediol as an end product. In principle, a wide spectrum of substrates can be used, such as hexoses, pentoses, sugar alcohols, glycerine, starch, cellulose hydrolysate, melasses, whey, and others. However, in order to economically generate 2,3-butanediol by fermentation further process optimizations are necessary. 1,4-butanediol can also be generated as bio1,4-butanediol from bio-based succinic acid by catalytic conversion. However, butanediol is usually generated on a petrochemical basis as an important base component for various polyesters, especially PBT. Until a few years ago, 1,3-propanediol (PDO) was generated exclusively on a petrochemical basis. The commercialization of a new conventional polyester (polypropylene terephthelate PPT), also known as polytrimethylene terephthelate (PTT) created increased demand for 1,3 propanediol. This also led to interest in the possibility of generating bio-based PDO (BioPDOâ&#x201E;˘). There is no single organism occurring in nature that can perform the entire synthesis from glucose to PDO. However, several enterobacteria and clostridia microorganisms can convert glycerine into PDO. The increase in biodiesel production in recent years has led to increasing availability of the biodiesel by-product glycerine and a drop in glycerine prices. Industrial crude glycerine significantly inhibits cell growth due to the salts released

a) HO CH2 1,3 propanediol

CH2

1,4 butanediol

H 3C

CH3

2,3 butanediol Figure 1: propanediol (a) and butanediols (b,c)

bioplastics MAGAZINE [05/16] Vol. 11

By: Hans-Josef Endres, A. Siebert-Raths, Michael Thielen (ed.) Based on Chapter 4.1.2.2 of the book [1]

during transesterification, therefore it is necessary to use pure glycerine. However, such high-quality glycerines are too expensive as basic material for manufacturing PDO on an industrial scale [2, 3]. Other processes via glycerine showed to be too complicated and cost-prohibitive or simply not economical due to low throughputs and/or conversion rates. Therefore, DuPont together with Genencor developed a genetically modified organism capable of converting glucose from wet-milled corn in a single step into Bio-PDO as a feedstock material for manufacturing a renewably sourcedpolyester. During the fermentation process, the genetically engineered E. coli microorganism metabolizes the glucose, creating 1,3-propanediol in the presence of water, minerals, vitamins, and oxygen. An important focus in the development of commercially useable Bio-PDO fermentation processes is on establishing cost-efficient purification processes for isolating propanediol. Yet another current research field is the use of Bio-PDO in applications such as thermoplastic elastomers.

Acid Components Aside from the bivalent alcohols described in the previous section, the most important monomer units used as copolymer building blocks for bioplastics are carboxyl acids, such as terephthalic acids, succinic acid (HOOC (CH2)2 COOH), and adipic acid (HOOC-(CH2)4-COOH). In bio-polyesters the aliphatic alcohol components are mostly biogenic, i. e., of fermentative origin. However, the second reaction component is still a petrochemical based dicarboxylic acid, such as purified terephthalic acid (PTA) or terephthalic acid dimethylester (dimethyl terephthalate, DMT). Succinic acid as the second aliphatic copolymer component can already be manufactured biotechnologically on an R&D scale, based on starch, sugar, or glycerine. Currently, joint ventures e.g. between DSM and Roquette, or between BASF and Corbion, are developing and already offering fermentation-based succinic acid. Therephthalic acid (PTA) can also potentially be manufactured using bio-based feedstock such as xylene produced by depolymerization of lignin.

Biopolyesters If terephthalic acid or dimethyl terephthalate are used as acid components besides bio-glycols, the resulting polyalkylene terephthalates are aliphatic-aromatic polyesters. By contrast, the polyesters made from aliphatic, petro- or biobased dicarboxylic acids and diols are entirely aliphatic biopolyesters. The polymerization processes correspond to those of the known petrochemical esters, such as PET or PBT. The detailed chemical structures of the most important aliphatic and aromatic bio-co- and terpolyesters are presented below. PTT (PTT = polytrimethylene-terephthalate-copolyester = aliphatic-aromatic copolyester made from terephthalic acid and bio-propanediol) is one representative example for the resulting basic structures of these bio-copolyesters.

Basics

The polymerization processes are similar to the production of PET. PTT is commercially available under DuPont’s brandname Sorona™ and is used for textile fibers as well as injection moulding applications with high surface qualities [4]. Another polyester that shall not be dealt with here, as it has been reported abundantly in the recent past is PET. Bio-based PET can be produced by a polycondensation reaction of biobased monothylene glycol (MEG) and petrobased or potentially biobased PTA. In Fig. 3 the chemical constitution of PBAT (polybutylene-adipate-terephthalate = aliphaticaromatic terpolyester made from adipic acid, terephthalic acid and butane diol) is presented as another typical example of bio-copolyesters. A different approach for developing a fully biobased aromatic polyester involves the production of polyethylene furanoate (PEF) [5]. This is a promising new type of polyester developed specifically by Avantium Co. in collaboration with Mitsui and put on the market using the buzzword “yxy technology”. Here also, one of the polymer components is biobased MEG on the basis of bio-ethanol. The other component is biobased FuranDiCarboxylicAcid FDCA on the basis of methoxymethyl furfural (MMF) resp. hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). The result is a new type of polymer, seemingly with a somewhat different property profile compared to bio-PET. First comments suggest that PEF has much better barrier properties for CO2, O2 and H2O compared to PET and also has improved mechanical properties as well as better heat resistance. A similar path is being followed by DuPont Industrial Biosciences in cooperation Archer Daniels Midland (ADM). They have developed a method for producing furan dicarboxylic methyl ester (FDME) from fructose. FDME is a high-purity derivative of furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA). Utilizing FDME one of the first polymers under development is polytrimethylene furandicarboxylate (PTF) based on FDME and also DuPont’s Bio-PDO™ (1,3-propanediol). Other potential candidates for partially or completely bio-based polyesters are polybutylene succinate (PBS) and polybutylene-succinateadipate (PBSA). Currently, PBS is polymerized by a condensation process of succinic acid and 1,4-butandiol, both typically derived from maleic anhydride. Succinic acid and BDO can also be produced via different bio-routes (see above). The chemical structures of the most important bio-copolyesters and bio-terpolyesters are presented in more detail in Section 4.2.4 of the book [1]. These polyesters contain varying amounts of bio-based material components, depending on their composition and feedstock basis. At the same time, their biological degradability varies strongly. Therefore, there is no clear mechanism to

distinguish between bio-polyesters and non bio-polyesters. Other examples of newly developed biopolyesters include polybutylene succinate-co-lactates (PBSL, GS Pla) by Mitsubishi Chemical Corp., and polyethylene isosorbide terephthalate (PEIT) by Roquette Frères. Isorbide can be obtained via acid catalyzed cyclic dehydration of sorbitol based on hydrogenated glucose or sucrose. References [1] Endres, H.-J.; Siebert-Raths, A.: Engineering Biopolymers, Carl HanserPublishers, 2011 [2] Witt, U.; Müller, R.J., Deckwer, W.-D.: Biodegradation of Polyester Copolymers containing aromatic compounds [3] Wolf, O. (Editor) et.al.:Techno-economic Feasibility of Largescale Production of Bio-Based Polymers in Europe. (=Technical Report EUR 22103 EN), Brüssels, 2005 [4] PTT for Automotive Air Outlet, bioplastics MAGAZINE issue 04/2011 [5] PEF, a biobased polyester with a great future, bioplastics MAGAZINE issue 04/2015

Glucose

Fermentation (genetically modified microorganisms)

Glycerin

Bio-Propanediol Bio-PDO BPDO

Fermentation

Fermentation (mixed culture)

Glucose

Fermentation

Glycerin

Fermentation

Glucose

Figure 2: Fundamental approaches to generating bio-propanediol

Therephthalic acid HOOC

Butanediol (BDO) COOH

(CH2)4

Adipic acid +

HOOC

O C

(CH2)4

COOH

O (CH2)4

Polybutylene adipate therephthalate (PBAT)

Figure 3: Terpolyester synthesis of polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT)

bioplastics MAGAZINE [05/16] Vol. 11

Basics

Polybutylene Succinate (PBS) an innovative biopolymer for the bioplastics toolbox

olybutylene Succinate (PBS) is a crystalline polyester which is produced from Succinic Acid and 1.4-Butanediol (BDO). By usage of Succinic Acid and BDO from renewable resources, PBS can be up to 100 % biobased. PBS is quite flexible and has a balanced property profile. It has a melting temperature exceeding 100 Â°C, which is crucial for applications that require high temperature stability. Its mechanical properties are similar to those of LDPE.

PBS takes an interesting spot in the bioplastics material coordinate system due to its up to 100 % biobased content and its biodegradability under industrial conditions (according to DIN EN 13432). Also, CO2 is captured during the production of Biobased Succinic Acid. Furthermore, PBS and its monomers have a relatively high Biomass Utilisation Efficiency (BUE; source Nova Institute 2016), compared to other biobased building blocks.

The mechanical properties of PBS can be tuned either by copolymerization e.g. with adipic acid and also by creating blends/compounds with other polymers. Amongst the different possibilities for PBS copolymers, PBST and PBSA are the most commonly mentioned in literature.

Due to these interesting material properties, its eco-profile and its high versatility, Bio-PBS is gaining increasing attention in the framework of the growing bio-based economy. Mostly used as a blend partner in combination with other bioplastics (such as PLA), it plays an important role in the development of new bioplastics products. Application examples include food packaging, food service ware, single use coffee capsules, agricultural products (mulch films), but also durable applications, e.g. composite materials for automotive.

Generally speaking, copolymerization yields higher impact strength and elongationat break. PBS is easily compounded with other polymers, for example PLA and PBAT. PBS can be processed by most conventional conversion methods, such as injection, extrusion or blow moulding.

By: Markus Hummelsberger Marketing & Sales Director Succinity, DĂźsseldorf, Germany

5B22

bioplastics MAGAZINE [05/16] Vol. 11

www.succinity.com | www.basf.com | www.corbion.com

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http://bit.ly/2cFMAEI bioplastics

[06/01] Vol.

‘Basics‘ book on bioplastics This book, created and published by Polymedia Publisher, maker of bioplastics MAGAZINE is available in English and German language (German now in the second, revised edition). The book is intended to offer a rapid and uncomplicated introduction into the subject of bioplastics, and is aimed at all interested readers, in particular those who have not yet had the opportunity to dig deeply into the subject, such as students or those just joining this industry, and lay readers. It gives an introduction to plastics and bioplastics, explains which renewable resources can be used to produce bioplastics, what types of bioplastic exist, and which ones are already on the market. Further aspects, such as market development, the agricultural land required, and waste disposal, are also examined. An extensive index allows the reader to find specific aspects quickly, and is complemented by a comprehensive literature list and a guide to sources of additional information on the Internet. The author Michael Thielen is editor and publisher bioplastics MAGAZINE. He is a qualified machinery design engineer with a degree in plastics technology from the RWTH University in Aachen. He has written several books on the subject of blow-moulding technology and disseminated his knowledge of plastics in numerous presentations, seminars, guest lectures and teaching assignments.

110 pages full color, paperback ISBN 978-3-9814981-1-0: Bioplastics ISBN 978-3-9814981-2-7: Biokunststoffe 2. überarbeitete Auflage

Order now for € 18.65 or US-$ 25.00 (+ VAT where applicable, plus shipping and handling, ask for details) order at www.bioplasticsmagazine.de/books, by phone +49 2161 6884463 or by e-mail books@bioplasticsmagazine.com

Or subscribe and get it as a free gift (see page 69 for details, outside German y only)

bioplastics MAGAZINE [05/16] Vol. 11

Processing

Twins help melting

By: Nick Knowlton, NatureWorks LLC, Minnetonka, MN, USA

Melting efficiency performance for various polylactide resins in a co-rotating intermeshing twin screw extruder

Augie Machado, Brian Haight, Leistritz, Somerville, NJ, USA

here are many grades of polylactic resins marketed under the IngeoTM trade name. For commercial and technical reasons, several of the grades are supplied completely neat, without the addition of an external lubricant on the pellets. Most of the grades have this lubricant, which facilitates pellet flow through conveying systems, silos and dryers. Several studies have been performed comparing the differences in melting behavior, power load and melt temperature in single screw extruders, but to date no study has characterized the same parameters in a twin screw extruder.

100,00

Torque %

90,00 80,00 70,00 60,00 50,00 40,00 3253 50 3754 00 4254 50 4755 00 5255 50 5756 00

RPM Neat

Lubricated

Figure 1: Torque % for Screw 2

Material including PLA is converted through extrusion into a variety of products. These can include film/sheet for packaging, fibers and foamed parts, and medical devices. Polylactic acid (PLA) is heat and shear sensitive, as well as torque intensive. Changing sections of the segmented screws may allow the extruder to work more efficiently in melting, processing, and extruding PLA.

Melt Temperature [ C]

231,00 230,00

Generally, with higher lubricant levels, the PLA melts less efficiently in the melting section of the TSE and the power load (a.k.a. torque) and melt temperatures are decreased. To this point, the effect of external lubricant on melting behavior, power load and melt temperature has not been studied on a TSE.

229,00 228,00 227,00 226,00 225,00 224,00 223,00 222,00 3253 50 3754 00 4254 50 4755 00 5255 50 5756 00

RPM Neat

Lubricated

Figure 2: Melt Temperature for Screw 3

Figure 3: Conveying & Melting Section of a Twin Screw Extruder

Twin screw extruders (TSEs) are a preferred manufacturing method to compound bioplastics. TSEs utilize modular barrels and screws. Segmented screws are assembled on splined shafts. The TSE motor transmits power into the gearbox/shafts and rotating screws impart shear and energy into the materials being processed. This arrangement allows for a wide range and refinement of many process applications.

bioplastics MAGAZINE [05/16] Vol. 11

TSE experiments processing PLA (Ingeoâ&#x201E;˘ Biopolymer 4032D) were performed using different screw designs. PLA pellets with varying lubricant levels (Ethylene bis stearamide at zero, medium, and high levels) were processed on a ZSE 27 MAXX extruder (28.3 mm dia. screws, 5.7 mm flight depth, 1.66 OD/ID, 1200 max rpm). The TSE was set at 325, 400, and 600 rpm with a constant feed rate of 45 kg/hr. for screws 2 and 3 at each lubricant level. For screw 1, a flat temperature

Processing profile of 210 °C was used. For screws 2&3, the zones were set between 210 °C and 240 °C. Data was collected for seven minute samples, then averaged and graphed to see results. In order to minimize the audible crunching sound, Screw 1 was designed to replicate the screw used at NatureWork’s facility. The crunching was heard and it was determined that the use of surface lubricant with this screw configuration resulted in inadequate melting. Screw 1 could only process 35 kg/hr at low rpm due to high torque. Screw 2 was created, adding a longer melting zone with GFA instead of GFF elements that were in Screw 1. GFF elements are forward conveying and not self-wiping with higher free volume, while GFA elements are forward conveying and self-wiping. This change, along with an extended melting zone and a modified pitch transition in the kneading blocks, created more efficient pumping and mitigated the crunching sound. Overall, screw 2 had a median torque 4 % less and decreased the melt temperature by 7 °C compared to Screw 1. After running each condition on screw 2, screw 3 was created to, hopefully, increase the efficiency further. The melting zone was extended further adding tighter pitched GFA’s, and one kneading block was removed to decrease the energy and shear created. The torque decreased by an additional 6 % and the melt temperatures were similar to screw 2. As expected, when the lubricant content increased the torque and melt temperature both decreased. From screw 1, to 2, to 3, the torque decreased with higher

lubricant levels which would allow for more efficient processing and less energy input into the material. Figures 1-2 show examples of trends from the run data where the torque and melt temperature decreased with increased lubricant content. In addition to the torque and temperature trends, the solid insert was removed in the 12D-16D section of screw 1 to visually see how the lubricant level effected the melt progression. As expected, with higher lubricant levels, the melt occurred later and there were still partially melted and un-melted pellets in the sample removed. After analysis of the extruded pellets for lubricant content and effect of properties, it was determined that the lubricant stayed in the product at consistent levels, and there was no significant effect on the properties. Overall, this test was successful in showing the trends and behavior of PLA in a TSE. As the lubricant level increased, both the torque and melt temperature decreased. The crunching sound associated with solids conveying and melting was mitigated through a change from screw design 1 to 2 and the efficiencies were further increased after changing from screw 2 to screw 3. After analysis, it was determined that the lubricant does not have a noticeable effect on physical properties of the PLA. Further testing will be performed to obtain additional data, further increase the efficiency of the screw design and confirm trends. 16F22

https://extruders.leistritz.com/en.html

COMPOSITES EUROPE 11. Europäische Fachmesse & Forum für Verbundwerkstoffe, Technologie und Anwendungen

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bioplastics MAGAZINE [05/16] Vol. 11

Suppliers Guide 1. Raw Materials

AGRANA Starch Bioplastics Conrathstraße 7 A-3950 Gmuend, Austria technical.starch@agrana.com www.agrana.com

Jincheng, Lin‘an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, P.R. China China contact: Grace Jin mobile: 0086 135 7578 9843 Grace@xinfupharm.com Europe contact(Belgium): Susan Zhang mobile: 0032 478 991619 zxh0612@hotmail.com www.xinfupharm.com

Kingfa Sci. & Tech. Co., Ltd. No.33 Kefeng Rd, Sc. City, Guangzhou Hi-Tech Ind. Development Zone, Guangdong, P.R. China. 510663 Tel: +86 (0)20 6622 1696 info@ecopond.com.cn www.ecopond.com.cn FLEX-162 Biodeg. Blown Film Resin! Bio-873 4-Star Inj. Bio-Based Resin!

1.1 bio based monomers Showa Denko Europe GmbH Konrad-Zuse-Platz 4 81829 Munich, Germany Tel.: +49 89 93996226 www.showa-denko.com support@sde.de

Simply contact:

Tel.: +49 2161 6884467 suppguide@bioplasticsmagazine.com Stay permanently listed in the Suppliers Guide with your company logo and contact information. For only 6,– EUR per mm, per issue you can be present among top suppliers in the field of bioplastics.

For Example:

Corbion Purac Arkelsedijk 46, P.O. Box 21 4200 AA Gorinchem The Netherlands Tel.: +31 (0)183 695 695 Fax: +31 (0)183 695 604 www.corbion.com/bioplastics bioplastics@corbion.com

PTT MCC Biochem Co., Ltd. info@pttmcc.com / www.pttmcc.com Tel: +66(0) 2 140-3563 MCPP Germany GmbH +49 (0) 152-018 920 51 frank.steinbrecher@mcpp-europe.com MCPP France SAS +33 (0) 6 07 22 25 32 fabien.resweber@mcpp-europe.com

FKuR Kunststoff GmbH Siemensring 79 D - 47 877 Willich Tel. +49 2154 9251-0 Tel.: +49 2154 9251-51 sales@fkur.com www.fkur.com

GRAFE-Group Waldecker Straße 21, 99444 Blankenhain, Germany Tel. +49 36459 45 0 www.grafe.com

39 mm

62 136 Lestrem, France Tel.: + 33 (0) 3 21 63 36 00 www.roquette-performance-plastics.com Polymedia Publisher GmbH Dammer Str. 112 41066 Mönchengladbach Germany Tel. +49 2161 664864 Fax +49 2161 631045 info@bioplasticsmagazine.com www.bioplasticsmagazine.com

Sample Charge: 39mm x 6,00 € = 234,00 € per entry/per issue

1.2 compounds DuPont de Nemours International S.A. 2 chemin du Pavillon 1218 - Le Grand Saconnex Switzerland Tel.: +41 22 171 51 11 Fax: +41 22 580 22 45 API S.p.A. www.renewable.dupont.com Via Dante Alighieri, 27 www.plastics.dupont.com 36065 Mussolente (VI), Italy Telephone +39 0424 579711 www.apiplastic.com www.apinatbio.com

Sample Charge for one year: 6 issues x 234,00 EUR = 1,404.00 € The entry in our Suppliers Guide is bookable for one year (6 issues) and extends automatically if it’s not canceled three month before expiry.

www.facebook.com www.issuu.com www.twitter.com www.youtube.com

bioplastics MAGAZINE [05/16] Vol. 11

Tel: +86 351-8689356 Fax: +86 351-8689718 www.ecoworld.jinhuigroup.com ecoworldsales@jinhuigroup.com

Xinjiang Blue Ridge Tunhe Polyester Co., Ltd. No. 316, South Beijing Rd. Changji, Xinjiang, 831100, P.R.China Tel.: +86 994 2713175 Mob: +86 13905253382 lilong_tunhe@163.com www.lanshantunhe.com PBAT & PBS resin supplier

BIO-FED Branch of AKRO-PLASTIC GmbH BioCampus Cologne Nattermannallee 1 50829 Cologne, Germany Tel.: +49 221 88 88 94-00 info@bio-fed.com www.bio-fed.com

Green Dot Bioplastics 226 Broadway | PO Box #142 Cottonwood Falls, KS 66845, USA Tel.: +1 620-273-8919 info@greendotholdings.com www.greendotpure.com

NUREL Engineering Polymers Ctra. Barcelona, km 329 50016 Zaragoza, Spain Tel: +34 976 465 579 inzea@samca.com www.inzea-biopolymers.com

PolyOne Avenue Melville Wilson, 2 Zoning de la Fagne 5330 Assesse Belgium Tel.: + 32 83 660 211 www.polyone.com

Suppliers Guide 1.6 masterbatches

Tecnaro GmbH Bustadt 40 D-74360 Ilsfeld. Germany Tel: +49 (0)7062/97687-0 www.tecnaro.de 1.3 PLA

GRAFE-Group Waldecker Straße 21, 99444 Blankenhain, Germany Tel. +49 36459 45 0 www.grafe.com

Shenzhen Esun Ind. Co;Ltd www.brightcn.net www.esun.en.alibaba.com bright@brightcn.net Tel: +86-755-2603 1978

PolyOne Avenue Melville Wilson, 2 Zoning de la Fagne 5330 Assesse Belgium JIANGSU SUPLA BIOPLASTICS CO., LTD. Tel.: + 32 83 660 211 www.polyone.com Tel: +86 527 88278888 WeChat: supla-168 supla@supla-bioplastics.cn 2. Additives/Secondary raw materials www.supla-bioplastics.cn

6.2 Laboratory Equipment

Minima Technology Co., Ltd. Esmy Huang, Marketing Manager No.33. Yichang E. Rd., Taipin City, Taichung County 411, Taiwan (R.O.C.) Tel. +886(4)2277 6888 Fax +883(4)2277 6989 Mobil +886(0)982-829988 esmy@minima-tech.com Skype esmy325 www.minima-tech.com

MODA: Biodegradability Analyzer SAIDA FDS INC. 143-10 Isshiki, Yaizu, Shizuoka,Japan Tel:+81-54-624-6260 Info2@moda.vg www.saidagroup.jp 7. Plant engineering

EREMA Engineering Recycling Maschinen und Anlagen GmbH Unterfeldstrasse 3 4052 Ansfelden, AUSTRIA Phone: +43 (0) 732 / 3190-0 ® Natur-Tec - Northern Technologies Fax: +43 (0) 732 / 3190-23 4201 Woodland Road erema@erema.at Circle Pines, MN 55014 USA www.erema.at Tel. +1 763.404.8700 Fax +1 763.225.6645 info@natur-tec.com www.natur-tec.com

1.4 starch-based bioplastics

BIOTEC Biologische Naturverpackungen Werner-Heisenberg-Strasse 32 46446 Emmerich/Germany Tel.: +49 (0) 2822 – 92510 info@biotec.de www.biotec.de

GRAFE-Group Waldecker Straße 21, 99444 Blankenhain, Germany Tel. +49 36459 45 0 www.grafe.com 3. Semi finished products

NOVAMONT S.p.A. Via Fauser , 8 28100 Novara - ITALIA Fax +39.0321.699.601 Tel. +39.0321.699.611 www.novamont.com

3.1 films

Uhde Inventa-Fischer GmbH Holzhauser Strasse 157–159 D-13509 Berlin Tel. +49 30 43 567 5 Fax +49 30 43 567 699 sales.de@uhde-inventa-fischer.com Uhde Inventa-Fischer AG Via Innovativa 31, CH-7013 Domat/Ems Tel. +41 81 632 63 11 Fax +41 81 632 74 03 sales.ch@uhde-inventa-fischer.com www.uhde-inventa-fischer.com 9. Services

Grabio Greentech Corporation Tel: +886-3-598-6496 No. 91, Guangfu N. Rd., Hsinchu Industrial Park,Hukou Township, Hsinchu County 30351, Taiwan sales@grabio.com.tw www.grabio.com.tw

Infiana Germany GmbH & Co. KG Zweibrückenstraße 15-25 91301 Forchheim Tel. +49-9191 81-0 Fax +49-9191 81-212 www.infiana.com

1.5 PHA

4. Bioplastics products

President Packaging Ind., Corp. PLA Paper Hot Cup manufacture In Taiwan, www.ppi.com.tw Tel.: +886-6-570-4066 ext.5531 Fax: +886-6-570-4077 sales@ppi.com.tw 6. Equipment 6.1 Machinery & Molds

TianAn Biopolymer No. 68 Dagang 6th Rd, Beilun, Ningbo, China, 315800 Tel. +86-57 48 68 62 50 2 Fax +86-57 48 68 77 98 0 enquiry@tianan-enmat.com www.tianan-enmat.com

Metabolix, Inc. Bio-based and biodegradable resins and performance additives 21 Erie Street Cambridge, MA 02139, USA US +1-617-583-1700 DE +49 (0) 221 / 88 88 94 00 www.metabolix.com info@metabolix.com

Bio4Pack GmbH D-48419 Rheine, Germany Tel.: +49 (0) 5975 955 94 57 info@bio4pack.com www.bio4pack.com

BeoPlast Besgen GmbH Bioplastics injection moulding Industriestraße 64 D-40764 Langenfeld, Germany Tel. +49 2173 84840-0 info@beoplast.de www.beoplast.de

Buss AG Hohenrainstrasse 10 4133 Pratteln / Switzerland Tel.: +41 61 825 66 00 Fax: +41 61 825 68 58 info@busscorp.com www.busscorp.com

Molds, Change Parts and Turnkey Solutions for the PET/Bioplastic Container Industry 284 Pinebush Road Cambridge Ontario Canada N1T 1Z6 Tel. +1 519 624 9720 Fax +1 519 624 9721 info@hallink.com www.hallink.com

Osterfelder Str. 3 46047 Oberhausen Tel.: +49 (0)208 8598 1227 Fax: +49 (0)208 8598 1424 thomas.wodke@umsicht.fhg.de www.umsicht.fraunhofer.de

Institut für Kunststofftechnik Universität Stuttgart Böblinger Straße 70 70199 Stuttgart Tel +49 711/685-62814 Linda.Goebel@ikt.uni-stuttgart.de www.ikt.uni-stuttgart.de

narocon Dr. Harald Kaeb Tel.: +49 30-28096930 kaeb@narocon.de www.narocon.de

bioplastics MAGAZINE [05/16] Vol. 11

Suppliers Guide Simply contact:

9. Services (continued)

Tel.: +49 2161 6884467 Michigan State University Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science Professor Ramani Narayan East Lansing MI 48824, USA Tel. +1 517 719 7163 narayan@msu.edu

10.2 Universities

10.3 Other Institutions

IfBB – Institute for Bioplastics and Biocomposites University of Applied Sciences and Arts Hanover Faculty II – Mechanical and Bioprocess Engineering Heisterbergallee 12 30453 Hannover, Germany Tel.: +49 5 11 / 92 96 - 22 69 Fax: +49 5 11 / 92 96 - 99 - 22 69 lisa.mundzeck@fh-hannover.de http://www.ifbb-hannover.de/

Bioplastics Consulting Tel. +49 2161 664864 info@polymediaconsult.com 10. Institutions 10.1 Associations

suppguide@bioplasticsmagazine.com Stay permanently listed in the Suppliers Guide with your company logo and contact information. For only 6,– EUR per mm, per issue you can be present among top suppliers in the field of bioplastics.

For Example:

Polymedia Publisher GmbH Dammer Str. 112 41066 Mönchengladbach Germany Tel. +49 2161 664864 Fax +49 2161 631045 info@bioplasticsmagazine.com www.bioplasticsmagazine.com

Biobased Packaging Innovations Caroli Buitenhuis IJburglaan 836 1087 EM Amsterdam The Netherlands Tel.: +31 6-24216733 http://www.biobasedpackaging.nl

39 mm

nova-Institut GmbH Chemiepark Knapsack Industriestrasse 300 50354 Huerth, Germany Tel.: +49(0)2233-48-14 40 E-Mail: contact@nova-institut.de www.biobased.eu

European Bioplastics e.V. Marienstr. 19/20 10117 Berlin, Germany Tel. +49 30 284 82 350 Fax +49 30 284 84 359 info@european-bioplastics.org www.european-bioplastics.org

Sample Charge:

BPI - The Biodegradable Products Institute 331 West 57th Street, Suite 415 New York, NY 10019, USA Tel. +1-888-274-5646 info@bpiworld.org

39mm x 6,00 € = 234,00 € per entry/per issue

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Biopolymere

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11th European Bioplastics Conference

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bioplastics MAGAZINE [05/16] Vol. 11

Companies in this issue Company

Editorial

Advert

page

Company

Editorial

Company

Editorial

Advert

Fibres Recherche Dével.

Novamont

10, 36, 40

67, 72

Adsale (Chinaplas)

Fimalin

Nurel

36, 39

15, 66

Agrana

FKuR

Omefa

Pack2go Europe

AIMPLAS

Fraunhofer - UMSICHT

Fraunhofer IAP

Plastics in Packaging

6, 14, 36

Fraunhofer ICT

polymediaconsult

Fulgar

PolyOne

Gevo

36, 47

Archer Daniels Midland

Avantium

BASF

5, 10, 13, 36, 60, 62

Bayern Innovativ

GRABIO Greentech Corporation

Beoplast

Grafe

Bio Futura

bio4pack

51, 67

Biobased Packaging Innovations

10, 71

Bio-Fed Zweigniederl. der Akro-Plastic

36, 40

Bio-on

Bioserie

Biosolutions

Biotec

10, 36

Biowert

Cathay Biotech

Center for Bioplastics and Biocomposites

36, 41

Centexbel CJ Cheil Jedang

10, 13, 36, 44, 60, 62

Cordioli

Covestro

36, 58

Cyarn Textile Trade D.S. Fibres Doill ECOTEC DSM

Reed Exhibitions (Compsites Europe)

5, 65

Rodenburg Roquette

r-pac

Safilin

Saida

32, 36, 54 7

67 15 10, 60

Invista

Jinhui Zhaolong

Scion

Showa Denko 68

Sintex SK Chemicals

25, 66

35, 36 66

Solegear Bioplastics

SPI

Kipp Werk

Spiber

K-Profi

Stratasys

Kyoto Inst. of Technology

Succinity

K-Zeitung

11, 53

Sukano

10, 36

Lanxess Deutschland

34, 36

Sulzer Chemtech

10, 11

Supla

Lenzing

Sustainability Consult

Lineo

Synbra

Lubrizol

Taghleef

Mars

Takemoto Oil & Fat

Tecnaro

EcoTechnillin

Michigan State University

TianAn Biopolymer

Toray Industries

Minima Technology

32, 36, 54

Mitsubishi Chemical - MCPP France

Emery Oleochemicals

36, 50

Erema

34, 36

Ester Industries

32, 36 10, 11, 33, 36

Müller Kunststoffe

39, 67

5, 36

Treeson

27, 36

NaturePlast

Univ. Konstanz

Univ. Stuttgart (IKT)

10; 16

Vertellus

31, 63

Xinjiang Blue Ridge Tunhe Polyester

NEC Corporation

Neste

Nova-Institute

5, 10, 71

Yünsa 25, 42, 68

21, 67

Unitika

NatureWorks

Far Eastern New Century

Editorial Planner

Uhde Inventa-Fischer

36, 38

Naturetec

Fachagentur Nachw. Rohstoffe FNR

Toyobo

32, 36, 54

36, 38 66 22

Zhejiang Hangzhou Xinfu Pharmaceutical

2016/17

Issue

Month

Publ. Date

edit/ad/ Deadline

Edit. Focus 1

Edit. Focus 2

06/2016

Nov Dec

05 Dec 16

04 Nov 16

Films / Flexibles Bags

Consumer & Office Electronics

Edit. Focus 3

Basics

Trade-Fair Specials

Certification - Blessing and curse)

01/2017

Jan Feb

06 Feb 17

23 Dec 16

Automotive

Foams

BENELUX Special

Can additives make plastics biodegradable?

02/2017

Mar Apr

03 Apr 17

05 Mar 17

Thermoforming Rigid Packaging

Bioplastics in agriculture / horticulture

Germany/Austria Switzerland Special

“Biodegradability/ compostability”standards & certification

interpack & Chinaplas preview

03/2017

May Jun

05 Jun 17

05 May 17

Injection moulding

Food packaging

China Special

FAQ (update)

interpack & Chinaplas review

bioplastics MAGAZINE [05/16] Vol. 11

37, 67

narocon 7, 36, 68

39 10, 36

10, 36, 61

Mitsui

Evonik

36, 40

SKZ

Metabolix

European Ind. Hemp Ass.

66 22

Leistritz

Salomon

European Bioplastics

28 13, 28

Dutch Water Tech

Elevance

36, 61

Elasto Sweden

Hallink

Kingfa

10, 36, 38, 60

DuPont

15, 20

Gupta

Kaneka Corporation

11, 37, 66

Qmilk

36, 39

Institut f. bioplastics & biocomposites (IfBB)

Corbion

Rewin

Inst. Fibre & Textile Denkendorf

PTT MCC

Infiana Germany

68 66, 67

President Packaging

Groupe Depestele

Ikea

27, 67

Cargill

46 11

Reverdia

Hexpol TPE

14, 36, 41, 48

plasticker

Helian 67

Green Serendipity

GSI Europe - Import + Export

Buss

Green Dot

BPI Braskem

2, 36, 66

Ford Motor Company

10, 22, 34, 36

API Applicazioni Plastiche Industriali

Arkema

10, 35, 36, 48

Subject to changes

Company

Advert

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